Slide 1

SBI4U Nov 13,12

Slide 2

Quiz on Endocrine System on Tues, Nov 20 th,12 Todays Class: a) Regulation of blood glucose b) Steroid hormones

Slide 3

Regulation of Blood Glucose

Slide 4

Hormones produced by pancreatic islet cells of Langerhans Insulin - Released from the beta pancreatic cells when blood sugar levels are high (e.g : after a meal) - - Converts extra sugar - or glucose glycogen Glucagon - Released from alpha pancreatic cells when blood sugar levels are low (e.g: fasting) - -Converts glycogen glucose

Slide 5

Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (Type 1) Pancreas is unable to produce insulin Inject insulin Adult-onset diabetes (Type 2) Decrease in insulin production/ineffective use of insulin. Injection not necessary Controlled with diet, oral drugs, exercise Gestational diabetes Usually temporary, affects 2-4% of pregnancies High risks of developing full diabetes in baby & mom.

Slide 6

Slide 7

A1C test result of 7% or less indicates that you are helping to prevent the long-term complications of diabetes. FYI only **

Slide 8

Steroids hormones Natural : produced by the body Testosterone, estrogens, progestins. Synthetic: mimic the effect of natural hormones. Anabolic steroids mimic muscle-building traits of testosterone. e.g of synthetic steroid: EPO stimulates RBC production therefore more O2 more endurance.

Slide 9

Q1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects target cells that are in another part of the body. The organ of production and the location of the target cells are respectively: a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex b) Pituitary and adrenal medulla c) Liver and pancreas d) Pancreas and liver e) Hypothalamus & pituitary

Slide 10

Questions- Activity Q1) Glucagon is produced in an organ and effects target cells that are in another part of the body. The organ of production and the location of the target cells are respectively: a ) adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex b) Pituitary and adrenal medulla c) Liver and pancreas d) Pancreas and liver e) Hypothalamus & pituitary

Slide 11

Q2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar? (a) increase water intake (b) cool the animal as quickly as possible (c) provide sugar in a fruit drink (d) warm the animal as quickly as possible

Slide 12

Q2) a laboratory mice is accidentally given too much insulin and begins convulsing. What could you do to quickly return the animal to a normal blood sugar? (a) increase water intake (b) cool the animal as quickly as possible (c) provide sugar in a fruit drink (d) warm the animal as quickly as possible

Slide 13

Q3) Is caffeine considered a synthetic steroid?

Slide 14

Yes, it mimics the effect of adrenaline causes increase in heart rate and blood pressure and increased alertness.

Slide 15

Q4) Using a flow chart, show a homeostatic adjustment for a person who has consumed significant amount of carbohydrates in the past hour.

Slide 16

Answer: Carbohydrate intake carbs digested by small intestine simple sugar absorbed blood sugar increases insulin produced and released (beta pancreatic cells) Insulin acts on muscles, adipose tissue( fat) and liver causes a.a levels to decrease by promoting proteins synthesis and inhibiting their degradation also causes fatty acids uptake & storage in adipose tissue and inhibits break down of fats to fatty acids will also inhibit breakdown of glycogen to glucose and increase absorption of glucose by liver and storage as glycogen blood sugar decreases.

Slide 17

Q4) The North American lifestyle and diet are believed to be major contributors to type 2 diabetes. Many companies know that foods can be more palatable to consumer by adding sugars and fats. Explain how this practice of adding sugars and fats to food can cause type 2 diabetes.

Slide 18

Answer: Adding sugar causes problems because excess sugar is converted to fat which usually leads to increased body mass.Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. A diet with increased amount of sugar increases the production of insulin and can contribute to type 2 diabetes.Islet cells will eventually fail due to constant production of insulin and glucose levels will rise.

Slide 19

Reproductive Hormones

Slide 20

They are steroid hormones. Produced by gonads (testes, ovaries) Androgens, estrogens, & progestins.

Slide 21

Questions-Activity Pg.496-501

Slide 22

Female Reproductive Organs

Slide 23

Male Reproductive Organs

Slide 24

Q2. What are 2 predominant reproductive steroid hormones in females? and what is the principal hormone for each of the two predominant reproductive hormones?

Slide 25

Estrogen & progestin. Estrogen Estradiol Progestin progesterone

Slide 26

Q3. What are 3 main functions of estradiol?

Slide 27

1) Maturation of sex organ at puberty and development of sexual characteristics 2) body hair growth 3) development of sex drive

Slide 28

Q4. What controls FSH & LH release?

Slide 29

GNRH ( Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Slide 30

Q5. What are the two hormones that are produced by the ovaries?

Slide 31

Estrogen & progesterone

Slide 32

Q6. Draw a feedback loop showing the regulation of ovarian hormones.

Slide 33

Q7. Draw a feedback loop for FSH and LH hormones regulation in sperm production.

Slide 34

Q8. What is the main function of testes?

Slide 35

Production of sperm & testosterone

Slide 36

Q9. Can a woman who has reached menopause become pregnant

Slide 37

No, once monopause has been reached naturally she can no longer become pregnant. Because she is no longer able to produce eggs however if egg is transferred from a donor then she can still carry a child.