sbd: activity design cs 3724 - hci chris north usability engineering - chapter 3
TRANSCRIPT
e.g. communication
• Phone: voice, sync, 2 way, remote, 1-1, immediate, – Metaphor: Face to face
• Cell text• IM: text, sync• Email: text/files, stored, editable, 1
way, async, 1-M, impersonal, not interupting, ignore– Metaphor: snail mail
e.g. project metaphors
• Find needle in haystack• Reading a book, creating mystery
novel, choose your own• Identifying trends, e.g fashion, stock• Multiple Puzzle
– Sorting out pieces, categorizing– Border, framework– Pick focus area, unique– Filling in gaps– Show it off
e.g. more project ideas
• Browsing the web• Googling, hits• To-do lists• Notes in margin, textbook• Piling, filing, folders• Timelines, calendars
e.g. project claims
• Search box– + narrows list of files– + flexible, can type any keyword– - searching in wrong files– - irrelevant optoins– - no stemming (“flower(s)”)– - no organization of hits list– - copy&paste, mispelling
• Piling:– + focus the searches within piles– - must pre-sort piles
• Browsing the web:– + select the hyperlink, no retyping or copy&paste– - less flexible– + shows us what is ‘searchable’, avoid 0 hit query
• Googling– + give hints about similar searches
Problem scenarios
summativeevaluation
Information scenarios
claims about current practice
analysis ofstakeholders,field studies
Usability specifications
Activityscenarios
Interaction scenarios
iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design
metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines
formativeevaluation
DESIGN
ANALYZE
PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE
Summaries: stakeholder, task, and artifact analyses, general themes
Root concept: vision, rationale,assumptions, stakeholders
Problem scenarios:illustrate and put into context the tasks and themes discovered in
the field studies
Claims analysis:find and incorporate features of practice
that have key implications for use
Field studies: workplace observations,recordings, interviews, artifacts
SBD andRequirementsAnalysis
Problem scenarios
summativeevaluation
Information scenarios
claims about current practice
analysis ofstakeholders,field studies
Usability specifications
Activityscenarios
Interaction scenarios
iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design
metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines
formativeevaluation
DESIGN
ANALYZE
PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE
Functionality
Look and feel
product data
browsing
searching
ordering
payment
customer data
SYSTEM
FUNCTIONALITY
LOOK & FEEL
iconslinks
menus
layout
navigationlabels
fields
security
feedback
The Two Faces of HCI Design
Activity Design
Information & Interaction
Design
Problem scenarios: work from current practice to build new ideas
Activity design scenarios:transform current activities to
use new design ideas
SBD: Activity Design
• Transform old activities to new activities that use technology
• Focus on system “what”,not “how” (why?)“conceptual design”, “task-level
design”
• Focus on improvements• Iterative
Goal: work from problems and opportunities of problem domain to envision new activities
Problem scenarios: work from current practice to build new
Activity design scenarios:transform current activities to
use new design ideas
Claims analysis: identify, illustrate, and document design features with key implications
Activity design space:
brainstorm implications of metaphors and
technology
Problem claims: look for design
ideas that address negatives, but keep positives
HCI knowledge
about activity design
SBD:ActivityDesign
+/-
+/-
Envisioning new activities
• Effectiveness: meets users’ needs• Innovative technology vs. tried-and-true• Generality vs. specific tasks
• Comprehension: understandable, predictable
• Mental models• Metaphors
• Satisfaction: accomplishment, motivating• Automation vs. user control • Individual vs group needs
Activity design process
1. Design alternatives• Focus on fixing -’s, preserving +’s• Informal methods:
– Brainstorm– Try metaphors– Apply technologies– Explore “what if”s, Be creative, out of the box
• Systematic methods:– Identify design space -- Morphological Box
2. Rework scenarios with new design ideas• Participatory design• Coherence, completeness
3. Track claims• +/-, rationale
4. Iterate
The Morphological Box
Identify dimensions of the design space
Enumerate all possible solutions
PBJ sandwich, on whole wheat, no butter
Designer’s Model User’s Mental Model
Cashier
Systematic, logical,comprehensive
Ad hoc, informal, incomplete
The Web
Cart
+ -
Metaphors bridge the gap
Brainstorming
Developed in response to “group think” Basic rules:
Someone keeps list so everyone can see No idea is too wild No evaluation Silence does not mean “DONE”
Fun and “light weight”
Grocery shopping – Reqs analysis review?
• Soccer mom:•
• Shopping cart:• + • -
• Shelves/Aisles:• + • -
Grocery shopping – Reqs analysis review
• Soccer mom:• Screaming kids• Large quantity• search strategy, lists• Browsing strategy?• weekly repeats
• Large Shopping cart:• + 1 slot for 1 kid• + Pile stuff, big stuff underneath• - >1 kid? • - must push, heavy
• Shelves• + see lots of stuff fast• - hard to find stuff• - lots of walking
Metaphors for grocery shopping
• Pizza delivery• + stay home• - no browsing
• Cookbook• + meal oriented• - no customization?
• Vending machine• Menu for search stuff• + Automating retrieval of items• - get top item only, can’t pick unbruised fruit…
New activity scenario
• Online grocery• Soccer mom story:
• Puts screaming kids outside• Repeating purchases using order template • Search for items quickly• Gets helpful linked recommendations: beer +
diapers• How does she Browse? Online
coupons/specials…• Items get packed for her and delivered to her
door (or maybe she picks up, they load into her van for her)
• But She notices some items are not correct.
The Morphological Box
Identify dimensions of the design space
Enumerate all possible solutions
PBJ sandwich, on whole wheat, with butter
Morph. Box for Grocery Shopping
online store
Browse llbean kroegers
Search Ebay, Pizza by phone
Mcdonalds
location
navigation
Possible new ways to grocery shop?
Problem scenarios
summativeevaluation
Information scenarios
claims about current practice
analysis ofstakeholders,field studies
Usability specifications
Activityscenarios
Interaction scenarios
iterativeanalysis ofusability claims andre-design
metaphors,informationtechnology,HCI theory,guidelines
formativeevaluation
DESIGN
ANALYZE
PROTOTYPE & EVALUATE
Execution
Action plan
Systemgoal
Last month’sbudget... ?
Interpretation
PerceptionMakingsense
GULF OFEVALUATION
GULF OFEXECUTION
Stages of Action in HCIInformationdesign
Interactiondesign
Human-computer
interaction
Taskgoal
Homework #2
• Due Thurs• Study Usability Case library
• Garden.com• Requirements analysis
• Create an HTA for planning a garden• Use existing analysis – stuff you didn’t know• Add own/friends’ knowledge• Hierarchical decomposition• Be thorough