sb-lecture 1 lv

1

Synthetic

Biology

Input

Output

AND

Gene A

Gene B

Gene C

2

micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Synthetic biology Lecture 1

Prokaryotic cell

3


Eukaryotic cell

4

faculty.fmcc.suny.edu


Cell membrane

5


Cell-Cell communication in prokaryotes

http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Chiba/Communication

http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Image:Chiba_aboutqs.png

6


Cell communication in eukaryotes

course1.winona.edu

7

DNA

RNA

PROTEIN

Transcription byRNA polymerase

Translation byribosomes


Flow of genetic information

8

torvista.com


Chromosome structure

9room212bio.posterous.com


Chromosome structure

10


DNA structure

11


DNA structure

12


Nucleic acid hybridization

Denaturation = dissociation of the two strands Melting = denaturation

Renaturation = reassociation of the two strands Annealing = renaturation

Annealing can happen between two complementary DNA strands or between DNA and RNA (hybridization)

13


DNA structure Problem 1

5’-ACCTGCCTGACAACTG-3’

14


Gene structure

Gene Gene

Promoter Coding sequence Terminator

chromosome

15

RNA

Transcription start site

Promoter


Gene structure

Terminator

16


Promoter structure

17bioap.wikispaces.com


Transcription

18


Transcription

19


Transcription

20


DNA structure Problem 21) (2 points) The following diagram of a generalized tetranucleotide will serve as a basis for the questions marked A) and B).

A) Given that the DNA strand which served as a template for the synthesis of this tetranucleotide was composed of the bases 5’- CCTG- 3’, fill in the parentheses (in the diagram) with the expected bases.

B) Suppose that one of the precursors for this tetranucleotide (in the diagram) was a 32P-labeled guanine nucleoside triphosphate. Circle the radioactive phosphorous atom(s) as it exist(s) in the tetranucleotide.

21

AUG UGA

Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation

Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)

Stop codon(signal to end

protein synthesis)

= untranslated region

5’ 3’


mRNA structure

22

+1

-10Box

TATAA

-35Box

TTGTCA RNA

Core promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase

In this configuration transcription is ON

RNA Pol


Transcription

23

RNA

+1

RNA PolA

A = Activator of transcription

bad promoter


Transcription

24

+1

-10box

-35box

operator

R

R = Repressor

In this configuration RNA Polymerase cannot bindtranscription is OFF

X


Repression of transcription

25

• The lactose operon of E. coli

R

lacIrepressor R

-35 O -10

Transcription is OFF

Active repressor

X


Repression of transcription

26

• The lactose operon of E. coli

R

lacIrepressor

-35 O -10

Transcription is ON

Inactiverepressor = inducer (lactose)

RNA Pol

X


Induction of gene expression

27

AUG UGA5’ 3’

3’ 5’

siRNA

Binding of siRNA causes mRNA degradation

TranslationX


Silencing by antisense RNA

28

AUG UGA5’ 3’

Ribozymes+ aptamer

RNA cleavage


Repression by mRNA cleavage

29

AUG UGA

Ribosome binding siteto initiate translation

Start codon(first amino acid of the protein)

Stop codon(signal to end

protein synthesis)

= untranslated region

5’ 3’


mRNA structure

30


Translation

31

brooklyn.cuny.edu


The genetic code

32


Protein structure

biochem.arizona.edu

33


DNA replication

34


DNA replication

35

5’- TTCCATTCGGCGA -3’ 3’- AGC -5’


DNA replication Problem 1

36

• Construct a promoter• Insert an operator• Insert a ribosome binding site• Select a coding sequence (output)

-10box

-35box

operator

Modular structure

Output


Construction of a synthetic gene

sb-lecture 1 lv

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