SB present and past habits and states: usually and used to

1 l u s ua 11y get up at 8.00 during the \Veek. 171)) I d on ' t normally go out during the \veek. English houses u sually have gardens. Do you n orn1a lly walk to 'vork?

2 \Ve used to go to France for ou r holidays \.vhen I \vas a child. He didn't use to d o any exercise, but no\v he runs niarathons. I n ever used to like footbaJI, but J \Vatch it every " 'eek no\v. \Ve used to be close friends, but " 'e don't talk to each other any n1ore. That building used to be a restaurant, but it closed do,vn last year. Did they use to live in the city centre? Didn't you use to h ave long hair?

1 For present habits \Ve can use usually or norrn.ally +present simple. N 0 T hts-etl-ttrget up at 8. 00.

2 For past habits \ve use used to / didn't use to + infinitive. • used to does not exist in the present tense. NOT I use to get up at 8.00

durittg the week: • We use used to for things that were true over a period of time in the

past. Used to often refers to so1nething \vhich is not true now. I used to do a lot of sport. ( = I did a lot of sport for a per iod of time in the past, but nO\V I don't.)

• We often use never used to instead of didn't use to. • used to / didn't use to can be used \.Vi th action verbs (e.g. 80, do) and non-

action verbs (e.g. be, have). • We can also use the past simple to describe past h abits (often \\1ith an

adverb of frequency) . We (often) went to France for our hol-idays when I 1.vas a child. I lived in the city centre until I aot 1narried.

a Con1plete v.rith used to (0, G, or ITJ) and a verb fron1 tl1e lis t .

argue be get on go out have like !We speak spend wear work

Sonya used tQ live in Ne\.v York C ity, but later she n1oved to Nevv Jersey. G

1 We a lot in co1n n1on, but no'v \ve're completely d ifferent . G

2 I n1uch time on Ii ne, bur no\v I'n1 addicted to f 'acebook. G 3 your fia nce glasses? He looks different nO\V. rn 4 I with my classn1ates, but nO\V 1 spend all my ti n1e \vi th

nly boyfriend . G 5 \Vhere your husband before he got the job in

t he bank? rn 6 My sister has lost a lot of \.Veight. S he ____ so slin1. G 7 you a lot with your parents vvhen you " 'ere a

teenager? rn 8 I _ Japanese food, but no\.v I eat a lot of sushi . c:J 9 Laura _ __ ,veil >vith her flatmate, but no\v they've fallen out. 8

10 My ex _ ___ to n1e, but nov.r he calls 1ne quite often. c:J

GRAMMAR BANK

p used to or past simple? We can use used to or past simple for repeated actions or states, and the meaning is the same. I used to live in Leeds as a child. I I lived in Leeds as a child. But if the action happened only once, or we mention exact dates or number of times, we have to use past simple. I went to Paris last year. NOT l-t1sed to-ge-ffi-Paris last year. Jack caught the train to London four times last week. NOT Jack used to catch the-FFaiA to l=oFttlon four times last week-:

any more and any longer We often use not. .. any more I any longer (= not now) with t he present simple t o contrast w it h used to. I used to go to the gym, but I don't (go) any more I any longer.

be used to and get used to Don't confuse used to I didn't use to (do sth) with be used to or get used to (doing sth). I am used to getting up early every day. (= I am accustomed to it. I always do it so it is not a problem for me.) Lola can't get used to living in the UK. (= She can't get accustomed to it . It is a problem for her.)

b A re the b iglll.ightea! verb forn1s r igh t ./ or vvrong X? Correct the \.vrong o n es.

Sonya use to see Michael ever y day. X used to see

1 H is parents useC:l to spl1tllpl after he \vas born. 2 O o }'OLLusually te!U a close friend about you r

problerns? 3 My sister fildn:t..us_e-..w'....l'.Ulilll

no>v she's got four! 4 I tllilii' r usea to ll Ke\ 111y n1aths teacher \vhcn

I \.Vas at school. 5 They JJ.Sed r go on holiday ever y year. 6 That couple have t hree kids, so they don't

tise to gOl out ar night. 7 \\/here aiCI you1· paLeJ.l.LS.J!Sl to n1eeO\.vhen

they first vvent out? 8 f\lfy husband USC tO \VOrk1 for a bank, but llO\V

he's unen1ployed. 9 \Ve love the theatre. 'Yl' e \.1s ually: go to a play

at least once a n10nth.

p.49

GRAMMAR Qa,b,or c.

I ___ any brothers or sisters? a Have you b Do you c Do you have

2 ___ last night? a Where you went b Where did you go c Where you did go

3 My brother ___ football. a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes

4 H er parents ___ a small business. a bas b haves c have

5 I ___ to music when I'm working. a never listen b don't never listen c listen never

6 In the picture the woman ___ a blue dress. a wears b wearing c is wearing

7 A What ___ ? B I'm looki ng for my keys. a you are doing b do you do c are you doing

8 She's at university. S he ___ history. a 's studing b 's studying c studying

9 We ___ to Malta last August. a were b went c did go

10 I saw the film, but I ___ it. a didn't liked b don' t liked c didn't like

11 When I got home my parents ___ on the sofa. a were sitting b was sitting c were siting

12 What ___ at 11 p.m.? You didn't answer my ca ll. a you were doing b you was doing c were you doing

13 She couldn't see him because she ___ her glasses. a wasn't wearing b didn't wear c didn't weari ng

14 We went to the cinema. ___ we decided to go for a walk. a After b Then c When

I 5 We had a great time, ___ the weather wasn't very good. a so b because c although

VOCABULARY a Complete the phrases with a verb from the lis t.

book do drive invite leave look play stay take wear

1 A Whatdo you ___ ? B l 'm adoctor. 2 A Whatdoesshe ___ like? B She'stall and slim. 3 She doesn't usua11y ___ jewellery, only her wedding

ring.

4 A Did you ___ any photos? B o, l didn't. 5 A Where did you ___ ? B In a small hotel. 6 Did you ___ your fl ights online? 7 A Let's ___ yourparent tod inner. B Good idea. 8 A Are you goin g to ___ there?

B o, we're going to get the tra in. 9 A Go on! Ask the OJ to __ our song! B OK.

10 A What time do we need to home tomorrow? B About 7.00. Our flight is at 9.00.

b Complete with at, in, or OIL

1 The meeting is March 13th. 2 A Where's Mum ? B She's the kitchen. 3 He was born _ __ 1989. 4 A Where's the dictionary?

B It's ___ the shelf in my room. 5 Mark 's not back yet - he's still ___ school. 6 It's a very quiet rown, especia lly ___ night. 7 We went holid ay to Malta last year.

c Q the word that is different.

I straight long blo nde beard funny unkind

2 clever lazy generous 3 friendly mean stupid 4 dress skirt tights tie 5 socks gloves trainers sandals 6 necklace bracelet ring scarf 7 wi ndy foggy dirty sunny 8 basic dirty uncom fortable luxurious

PRONUNCIATION a Q the word with a different sound.

1 Cit E G v 2 shirt shorts work curly

3 IZ. chooses language lives glasses

4 weight height kind night

5 painter trainers university trousers

b Underline the stressed syllable.

1 tal ka rive 3 pre fer 5 comfor ta ble 2 moustache 4 dis gu sting

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? a Read the newspa per article o nce. Does the journalist

think that taking pho tos in museums is a good thi ng o r a bad thing?

b Read the article aga in . Ma rk the sente nces T (true) o r F (false).

T he jo urnalist saw tour ists taking photographs o f works of art in Rome and ew York.

2 W hen he first saw people tak ing photos in the MOMA he d idn't understand w hat they were really doing.

3 T hen he rea lised that the photographers were not look ing at the pa intings.

4 T hey were ta king photos because they wanted to look at the paintings la te r.

5 Later a couple asked him to take a photo of them in front o f a painting.

6 He suggests two possible ways of solving the problem .

c Look a t the h ighlighted words in the text. G uess their meaning fro m the context. C heck with your teacher o r with a dictio na ry.

The firs t time I noticed this phenomenon was a few years ago, in St Peter's Basilica in Rome- a crowd of people standing round Michelangelo's Pietci, taking photos with

their cameras and mobile phones. Then last week I saw it again at the Museum of Modern Art (the MOMA) in New York. At first , I wasn't too worried when I saw people photographing the paintings. It was a bit irritating, but that was all. It didn't make me angry. Then the sad truth hit me. Most of the people were taking photos without looking at the paintings themselves. People were pushing me, not because they were trying to get a better view of the art, but because they wanted to make sure that no one blocked their photo. Was it possible that perhaps they were taking the photos so that they could admire the paintings better when they got home? This was very improbable. They were not there to see the paintings, but to take photos to prove that they had been there.

Then it got worse. Now people were taking photos of their partners or friends who were posing next to, or in front of some of the most famous paintings. Neither the photographers nor the person they were photographing had looked at the art itself, although I saw that sometimes they read the label, to make sure that the artist really was famous. At least nobody asked me to take a picture of them together, smiling in front of a Picasso!

I think that photography in museums should be banned, but I also have a less drastic solution. I think that people who want to take a photo of an exhibit should be forced to look at it first , for at least one minute.

Adapted from Marcel Berlin's art1cle 1n The Guard tan

[)CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE? 1 53 >)) In the s treet Watch o r listen to f ive people

a nd a nswer the questions.

Justin Joanna Sarah Jane David Just in ___ . a looks like his mo ther b looks like his father c doesn't look like his father or his mother

2 Joanna's favourite painting is of ___ . a a la ndscape b a person c an animal

Andy

3 Sarah Ja ne's last holiday was a ___ holiday. a beach b walk ing c sightseeing

4 David a takes a lot of photos b is in a lot o f photos c has a lot of photos o n h is phone

5 And y says _ _ _ . a he enjoys cry ing at the end of a fi lm b he th in ks fi lms w ith a sad end ing are more real istic c most of h is favourite f ilms have a sad end ing

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? D o the tas ks w ith a partner. T ick (.1) the box if you can do them .

C an you .. . ? 1 D ask an d answer six questio ns about work f stud ies,

family, and free t ime activities

2 D describe the appearance and personality of a person you know well

3 D describe a picture in th is book and say w hat is happening, what the people are wearing, etc.

4 D ask an d answer three questio ns about a recent holiday

5 _] descr ibe a favour ite photo and say what was happeni ng w hen you took it

6 D say th ree true sentence using the connectors so, because, a nd althouBh

[) Short films A photographer Watch and enjoy a fi lm on iTutor.