saving the ocean could lead to a better lives.pptx

8/11/2019 SAVING THE OCEAN COULD LEAD TO A BETTER LIVES.pptx

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PESERTA PENDIDIKAN DASAR MPA AESCULAP

ANGKATAN XXX


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OceansThe oceans are home to a diverse collection of life

forms that use it as a habitat. Since sunlightilluminates only the upper layers, the major part of theocean exists in permanent darkness. As the differentdepth and temperature zones each provide habitat fora unique set of species, the marine environment as awhole encompasses an immense diversity of life.


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Marine habitats range from surface water to thedeepest oceanic trenches, including coral reefs, kelpforests, seagrass meadows,tidepools, muddy, sandyand rocky seabeds, and the open pelagiczone. Theorganisms living in the sea range fromwhales30meters (100 ft) long to microscopic phytoplanktonand zooplankton, fungi, bacteria and viruses,including recently discovered marinebacteriophageswhich live parasitically inside bacteria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass_meadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidepoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidepoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass_meadowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench


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Marine life Marine life plays an important part in the carbon

cycleas photosynthetic organisms convert dissolvedcarbon dioxide into organic carbon and it iseconomically important to humans forproviding fishfor use as food.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle


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For centuries people have regarded them as aninexhaustible supply of food, a useful transport route,and a convenient dumping ground - simply too vast tobe affected by anything we do.

But human activity, particularly over the last fewdecades, has finally pushed oceans to their limit.


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Human activity that harm the seas1. Unsustainable fishing

Massive overfishing

The global fishing fleet is 2-3 times larger than whatthe oceans can sustainably support.

In other words, people are taking far more fish out of

the ocean than can be replaced by those remaining.


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Needless slaughterIt's not just the fish we eat that are affected.

Each year, billions of unwanted fish and other animals- like dolphins, marine turtles, seabirds, sharks, andcorals - die due to inefficient, illegal, and destructivefishing practices.


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Conflicting priorites Marine park managers - and the governments and non-

profit organizations that support them - must often juggle

conflicting national and local priorities coming from avariety of sectors, such as industry, artisanal fishers,commercial fishers, tour operators, local town councils,farmers, and scientific researchers.

In addition, park managers often have extremely limited

budgets and staff, and frequently rely on communityparticipation and volunteers to carry out much of theessential work.


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Sensitive habitats at risk

Of particular concern is the current lack of protection for a

number of sensitive habitats and areas. These include: coral reefsand mangrove forests

deep seas

the High Seas

particularly sensitive areas at risk from shipping activities

breeding grounds for commercially important fish
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/coasts/coral_reefs/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/coasts/mangroves/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/open_ocean/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/coasts/mangroves/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/coasts/coral_reefs/


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3. Tourism and development

The beach is not just a favourite holiday destination, itsour favourite place to live. Around the world, coastlineshave been steadily turned into new housing and touristdevelopments, and many beaches all but disappearunder flocks of holiday-makers each year. This intensehuman presence is taking its toll on marine life.


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4. Shipping

The oceans are huge highways, across which we ship allkinds of goods. Like other human activities, this heavytraffic is leaving its mark: oil spills, ship groundings,anchor damage, and the dumping of rubbish, ballast

water, and oily waste are endangering marine habitatsaround the world.


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This damage is caused by: Release of oil and chemicals: through accidental

spillsandoperational discharges

Transfer of invasive alien species: through ballast waterandon ship hulls Release of biocides: from toxic chemicalsused in

antifouling paints Dumping of waste: such as garbage and sewage

Air pollution: through emission of sulphur dioxide,nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide Physical and other damage: through dropping of anchors,

noise and wave disturbances, and striking of whales andother marine mammals
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/oil_release/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/oil_release/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/alien_invaders/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/antifouling_paints/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollution/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollution/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/antifouling_paints/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/alien_invaders/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/oil_release/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/


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5. Oil and gas

Important reserves of oil, gas, and minerals lie deep

beneath the seafloor. However, prospecting anddrilling for these poses a major threat to sensitivemarine habitats and species


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Valuable areas under threatIn many cases, oil and gas exploration and drilling ispermitted in or near Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).WWF believes that the threat posed by oildevelopments - and the oil and gas industry's trackrecord in often failing to protect the environmentadequately - makes such developments too big a risk

to be allowed near or in MPAs.


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6. Pollution

Untreated sewage, garbage, fertilizers, pesticides,

industrial chemicals most of the pollutants on landeventually make their way into the ocean, eitherdeliberately dumped there or entering from water run-off and the atmosphere. Not surprisingly, thispollution is harming the entire marine food chain - allthe way up to humans.


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OilOil spillscause huge damage to the marine environment -but in fact are responsible for only around 12% of the oil

entering the seas each year. According to a studyby the USNational Research Council, 36% comes down drains andrivers as waste and runoff from cities and industry.

Fertilizers

Fertilizer runoff from farms and lawns is a huge problemfor coastal areas. The extra nutrients cause eutrophication -flourishing of algal blooms that deplete the water'sdissolved oxygen and suffocate other marine life.
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/http://www.nap.edu/books/0309034795/html/82.htmlhttp://www.nap.edu/books/0309034795/html/82.htmlhttp://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping/spills/


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Seas of garbageSolid garbage also makes its way to the ocean. Plasticbags, balloons, glass bottles, shoes, packaging materialif not disposed of correctly, almost everything wethrow away can reach the sea.

Plastic garbage, which decomposes very slowly, is often

mistaken for food by marine animals.


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Toxic chemicalsAlmost every marine organism, from the tiniest

plankton to whales and polar bears, is contaminated with

man-made chemicals, such as pesticides and chemicalsused in common consumer products.Some of these chemicals enter the sea through

deliberate dumping. For centuries, the oceans have been aconvenient dumping ground for waste generated on land.

This continued until the 1970s, with dumping at sea theaccepted practise for disposal of nearly everything,including toxic material such as pesticides, chemical

weapons, and radioactive waste.


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To save the ocean and maintain its

balance 1. Mind Your Carbon Footprint and Reduce Energy

Consumption

Reduce the effects of climate change on the ocean byleaving the car at home when you can and beingconscious of your energy use at home and work. A fewthings you can do to get started today: Switch tocompact fluorescent light bulbs, take the stairs, andbundle up or use a fan to avoid oversetting yourthermostat.


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2. Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices

Global fish populations are rapidly being depleted dueto demand, loss of habitat, and unsustainable fishingpractices. When shopping or dining out, help reducethe demand for overexploited species by choosingseafood that is both healthful and sustainable.
http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/take-action/impact-of-seafood/seafood-decision-guide/http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/take-action/impact-of-seafood/seafood-decision-guide/


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3. Use Fewer Plastic Products

Plastics that end up as ocean debris contribute tohabitat destruction and entangle and kill tens ofthousands of marine animals each year. To limit yourimpact, carry a reusable water bottle, store food innondisposable containers, bring your own cloth tote orother reusable bag when shopping, and recyclewhenever possible.


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4. Help Take Care of the Beach

Whether you enjoy diving, surfing, or relaxing on thebeach, always clean up after yourself. Explore andappreciate the ocean without interfering with wildlifeor removing rocks and coral. Go even further byencouraging others to respect the marine environmentor by participating in local beach cleanups.


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5. Don't Purchase Items That Exploit Marine Life

Certain products contribute to the harming of fragilecoral reefs and marine populations. Avoid purchasingitems such as coral jewelry, tortoiseshell hairaccessories (made from hawksbill turtles), and sharkproducts.


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6. Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner

Read pet food labels and consider seafoodsustainability when choosing a diet for your pet. Neverflush cat litter, which can contain pathogens harmfulto marine life. Avoid stocking your aquarium withwild-caught saltwater fish, and never release anyaquarium fish into the ocean or other bodies of water,a practice that can introduce non-native speciesharmful to the existing ecosystem.


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7. Support Organizations Working to Protect theOcean

Many institutes and organizations are fighting toprotect ocean habitats and marine wildlife. Find anational organization and consider giving financialsupport or volunteering for hands-on work oradvocacy. If you live near the coast, join up with a localbranch or group and get involved in projects close tohome.


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8. Influence Change in Your Community

Research the ocean policies of public officials beforeyou vote or contact your local representatives to letthem know you support marine conservation projects.Consider patronizing restaurants and grocery storesthat offer only sustainable seafood, and speak up aboutyour concerns if you spot a threatened species on themenu or at the seafood counter.


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9. Travel the Ocean Responsibly

Practice responsible boating, kayaking, and otherrecreational activities on the water. Never throwanything overboard, and be aware of marine life in thewaters around you. If youre set on taking a cruise foryour next vacation, do some research to find the mosteco-friendly option.


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10. Educate Yourself About Oceans and MarineLife

All life on Earth is connected to the ocean and itsinhabitants. The more you learn about the issuesfacing this vital system, the more youll want to helpensure its healththen share that knowledge toeducate and inspire others.


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References http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/problem

s_fishing/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/inadequ

ate_protection/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/tourism/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/shipping

/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/oil_gas/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollutio

n/

http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/take-action/10-things-you-can-do-to-save-the-ocean/


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THANK YOU

AND

SAVE THE OCEAN

saving the ocean could lead to a better lives.pptx

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