s.a.t.e.l.l.i.t.e.s. project students and teachers evaluating local landscapes to interpret the...
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S.A.T.E.L.L.I.T.E.S. ProjectStudents And Teachers Evaluating Local Landscapes to Interpret The Earth from Space
Cloud Frog picture, researchproject name, UT logo
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NASA Funded ProjectNASA Funded Project
The Use of Thermal Infrared Satellites to
Detect Climate Changes
For Example:
Is Global Warming occurring ? If so, to what
extent ?
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Summer of 2000:Teachers who participated in a workshop at
The University of Toledo.
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Summer of 2001:Teachers who participated in a workshop at
The University of Toledo.
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Summer of 2002:Teachers who participated in a workshop at
Ohio Aerospace Institute / NASA GRC.
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S.A.T.E.L.L.I.T.E.S. Project Stats
“STUDENT SCIENTISTS”: 1,975
Schools (K-12) Represented: 42
Study Area: Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York
Data Collection Periods: 40 days
We have analyzed Snow Data so far, so the following are PRELIMINARY RESULTS about SNOW DATA ONLY !
Preliminary SNOW Observation Points: 213
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There are 2 Big Pitfalls:
• 1) Related to Remote Sensing….
- Winter vs. Summer Data Collection
- Validation of Cloud/Snow data from satellites
We call this Phase 1 of the project !
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Landsat 7 Satellite Image of Toledo, Ohio -- July 1, 2000
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January 9, 2001 --- Landsat-7 Satellite Image
Toledo, Ohio / Monroe, Michigan / Lake Erie Ice
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We’re Asking You & Your Students to be the “Scientists in the field” !
Measured snow depth
Measured the snow-water equivalent
Types of clouds Percent of cloud
coverage
Collected Cloud & Snow Data
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THE ACCURACY OF THE SATELLITE’S TO DETECT SNOW ON THE GROUND
PROBLEM #1 :
PROBLEM #2 :
THE ACCURACY OF THE SATELLITE’S TO DETECT CLOUDS
So, in PHASE 1: WHAT ARE WE TESTING ?
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Second Big Pitfall:
• 2) Location of Meteorological Stations…
- At/Near Airports
- Heat Island Effect
We call this Phase 2 of the project !
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Urban Heat Island Profile (Miller 1999)
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Surface Temperature of Specific Landscapes on July 1, 2000
0102030405060
Location
Sur
face
Tem
pera
ture
(C
elsi
us)
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Phase II will be implemented in 3 years
After Phase I is completed
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WHAT WILL WE DO WITH THE RESULTS AFTER WE ANALYZE YOUR DATA AND THE SATELLITE DATA ?
• Present at National and International Conference
• Post project on our website: www.utoledogis.org
• Publish Satellite Snow/Cloud Validation papers
• Share information via WebCasts
Then, we will compare the temperature readings from the satellite images to ground readings !
Fun w/ IRTs
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Analyze Satellite Images MODIS Snow Products
Lu Zhao Mike Edwards
• Why did we use MODIS ?
36 Bands -and- Every Day Image taken
Need ground data from Great Lakes Region
Algorithms recently developed* Correctly determining snow on a global basis helps scientists predict climate changes – ie. GW
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Feb. 4, 2002
N
MODIS – Snow Products w/ School Locations
N
Feb. 8, 2002
LEGEND
State Boundaries School Locations
Snow Inland Water
No Snow (Land) Snow-Covered Lake Ice
Clouds (Earth Obscured) Ocean
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Feb. 8, 2002
LEGEND
State Boundaries School Locations
Snow Inland Water
No Snow (Land) Snow-Covered Lake Ice
Clouds (Earth Obscured) Ocean
MODIS – Snow Product with School Locations
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MODIS Data vs. “Student Scientists” Data
Clouds = 477 Student Snow Observations Not Used
MODIS Data
Student ObservationsSnow No Snow (Land)
Snow 16 2No Snow (Land) 3 185
Inland Water 7
Preliminary Comparison
MODIS' AccuracySnow 84%
No Snow (Land) 95%Overall 94%
***
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How do imaging satellites work?
Satellite sensors “see” reflected and emitted radiation
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Remote sensing images use the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Spectral Reflectance CurvesS
pec
tral
Ref
lect
ance
High
Low
Spectral Region
Blue Green Red Near IR Mid IR
Water
Vegetation
Soil