Satellite Meteorology at India Meteorological Department

Present Status and Future Developments

Dr. Suman Goyal

Head – Satellite Applications

India Meteorological Department

New Delhi, India

Suman.imd@gmail.com

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Overview -Planning of Indian satellite systems

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

History

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Spatial Coverage

INSAT 3D - 82°ECoverage - 10°E to 150°EInstruments – Imager and Sounder

INSAT 3DR - 74°ECoverage - 0° to 140°EInstruments – Imager and Sounder

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Operational scenario of INSAT-3D/3DR

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Region B Scan times 0300,0430,0900,1030,1500,1630,2100,2230Region A Scan times 0100,0200,0600,0700,0800,1200,1300,1400,1800,1900,2000

INSAT-3D/3DR Imager channels

Channel no. Spectral Band Spectrum (μm) Ground Resolution

(km)1 VIS 0.55 – 0.75 1 x 1

2 SWIR 1.55 – 1.70 1 x 1

3 MIR 3.80 – 4.00 4 X 4

4 WV 6.50 – 7.10 8 x 8

5 TIR1 10.2 – 11.3 4 x 4

6 TIR2 11.5 – 12.5 4 x 4

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Current Satellite – Geostationary Imagery

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Images Generated from INSAT-3D/3DR Imager as per Stakeholder’s Requirements

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Geophysical parameters/products of INSAT-3D/3DR Imager

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

New Products from INSAT-3D/3DR

• Cloud Top properties and Clear Sky BT products from INSAT-3D/3DR imager

• IR window and IR-WV intercept methods are applied to generate cloud top temperature, pressure and effective cloud amount from INSAT-3D/3DR observations.

• Clear Sky BT products are generated for NWP data assimilation

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Wind Derived Products from Imager Winds

Relative Vorticity

Convergence Divergence

Wind Shear

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Water Vapour Wind Visible Wind

Cloud Motion WindLow Level Wind

INSAT-3D/3DR Sounder Channels Characteristics

Detector Ch. No. c

(m)

Principal

absorbing gasPurpose

Long wave

1 14.67 CO2 Stratosphere temperature

2 14.32 CO2 Tropopause temperature

3 14.04 CO2 Upper-level temperature

4 13.64 CO2 Mid-level temperature

5 13.32 CO2 Low-level temperature

6 12.62 water vapor Total precipitable water

7 11.99 water vapor Surface temp., moisture

Mid wave

8 11.04 window Surface temperature

9 9.72 ozone Total ozone

10 7.44 water vapor Low-level moisture

11 7.03 water vapor Mid-level moisture

12 6.53 water vapor Upper-level moisture

Short wave

13 4.58 N2O Low-level temperature

14 4.53 N2O Mid-level temperature

15 4.46 CO2 Upper-level temperature

16 4.13 CO2 Boundary-level temp.

17 3.98 window Surface temperature

18 3.76 window Surface temp., moisture

Visible 19 0.695 visible Cloud

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Geophysical parameters from Sounder

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Rapid ScanSOP of Rapid Scan Strategy of Imager of INSAT-3DR has been finalised for conducting it during Cyclone/ specific weather event. It has been successfully carried out for four cyclones i.e. VSCS LUBAN, TITLI, GAJA & ESCS FANI.

Normal mode scan area has been divided into 36 blocks in North-South directions such that:• Each block covers 0.50 in N-S direction. • No of Scan lines for Each block: 40• Time required to scan each block: 45

seconds

Extentofcoverage:6Blocks(3°coveragein234lines)• No.ofrepetitions:6• Timerequired:27minutes• (6blockswith6repetitions)

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Generation of T-phi gram 709 locations

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Calibration & Validation Activities

• Calibration Coefficients are being updated on monthly basis in IMDPS system by using

• GSICS corrections of last 30 days dynamically carried out by SAC Ahmedabad.

• IMD has started three calibration and validation activities such as:

a) IN-SITU CAL VAL of INSAT-3D/3DR (Site Selected-Bhuj, Gujarat)[IMD-ISRO]

b) IOGEO Project with Kalpana-1/INSAT-3D[IMD-EUMetSat]

c) Lunar Calibration using INSAT-3D/3DR [IMD-EUMetSat]

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Cyclone specific Imagery

BD Curve NHC Curve

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Rapid Scan

Observational Data Reception at NCMRWF

NCMRWF

SATMET(53 GB)

GTS

(1 G

B)

Observation data volume per day at NCMRWF from various sources

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0

2

4

6

8

10

FTP

(G

B/d

ay)

GT

S (G

B/d

ay)

Year

FTP (SAT + RADAR)

GTS(IMD)

2017-18 Updated NESDIS download procedure

2018-19 EUMETCAST Terrestrial

Link Established

Improved the reception of observation: Major improvements in last few years

1.5 km Regional Model

(for specific applications)

12 km Global Modelwith Hybrid 4D-Var DA

4 km Regional Modelwith 4D-Var DA

12 km Global Ensemble Prediction System (NEPS)

with ETKF (22+1 members)

330 m Delhi Fog Model

(only during winter)

Coupled Model (60 km)(NCUM+JULES+NEMO+CICE)With DA for all components

• NCUM Global Model (12km) with

Hybrid 4D-Var Data

Assimilation (Atmosphere)

and Extended Kalman Filter

(EKF) based Land Data

Assimilation

• NCUM Regional Model (4 km)

with 4D-Var Data Assimilation

• Delhi Model (during winter)

(downscaled initial condition) .

Sri Amarnathji Yatra model (1.5

km) (Only during Yatra period),

• 330 m Delhi fog model based on

NCUM (Only during winter)

(downscaled initial condition)

• NCMRWF Global Ensemble

Prediction System (NEPS)

(12 km / 22 +1 members) with

Ensemble Transform Kalman

Filter (ETKF) for Initial

condition perturbations

• Regional NEPS (4 km /11+1

member) (only during specific

events) (downscaled initial

conditions from global NEPS)

• Coupled Model with Data

Assimilation for Atmosphere

(Hybrid 4D-Var), Ocean (3D-

Var),Sea Ice (3D -Var) and

Land (EKF)

NCMRWF Unified Model (NCUM) and Data Assimilation System

4 km Regional Ensemble Prediction System (NEPS)

(11+1 members)

Own Analysis

DownScaled Analysis

Observations Currently Assimilated in the NCUM Global DA System

Conventional

Observations

Satellite ObservationsSatellite Winds (AMV) Scattero-

meter winds

Satellite radiances GPSRO

GEO LEO GEO LEO LEO

IR IR

(Hyperspectral)

MW Bending

Angle

Surface:Land SYNOP, Ship, BUOY, TC BOGUS

SONDE:PILOT, TEMP, WindProfiler, DropSonde, Radar VADwinds

Aircraft:AMDAR, AIREP

1. INSAT-3D 1.NOAA-15 1.ASCAT (MetOp-A)

1.INSAT-3D Sounder

1.IASI (MetOp-A) 1.AMSU-A (MetOp-A) 1. COSMIC-6

2.Meteosat-8 2.NOAA-18 2.ASCAT (MetOp-B)

2.SEVIRI (Meteosat-8)

2.IASI (MetOp-B) 2. AMSU-A (MetOp-B) 2.GRAS-A

3.Meteosat-11 3. NOAA-19 3. Scatsat 3.SEVIRI (Meteosat-11)

3.AIRS (AQUA) 3. AMSU-A (NOAA-18) 3. GRAS-B

4.HIMAWARI-8 4.MetOp-A 4. Windsat(Coriolis )

4.GOES Imager (GOES-15)

4.CrIS (SNPP) 4. AMSU-A (NOAA-19) 4. TanDEM-X

5. GOES-16 5.MetOp-B 5.AHI (HIMAWARI-8)

5. AMSU-A (NOAA-15) 5. TerraSAR-X

6. GOES-17 6. AQUA 6.INSAT-3D Imager

6. MHS (MetOp-A) 6. FY-3C

7. TERRA 7. MHS (MetOp-B)

8. SNPP 8. MHS (NOAA-19)

9. MT-SAPHIR

10. ATMS (SNPP)

11. SSMIS (DMSP-F17)

12. AMSR 2 (GCOM-W1)

13.MWHS (FY3C)

14. GMI (GPM)

Impact of Observations on 24 hr Forecast of Global NCUM (FSO)SW Monsoon (June-July-August-Sept, 2019)

0.0%

0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.2%

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

0.8%

1.0%

1.1%

1.2%

1.4%

1.5%

1.6%

1.7%

4.2%

4.8%

5.0%

5.8%

9.5%

11.4%

13.0%

15.5%

18.5%

GOESCLR

FY3B

IN3DI

IN3DS

GroundGPS

WINDSAT

Buoy

FY3C

SHIP

SCATSAT

AHI

SSMIS

SEVIRI

MTSAPHIR

AMSR

GPSRO

AIRS

GMI

ASCAT

ATMS

CrIS

SYNOPtot

TEMPtot

Aircraft

SATWIND

IASI

ATOVS

-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0

Impact per day (J/kg)

Global

JJAS 2019

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Satellite Applications in Environmental Meteorology

Radar + Lightning +Satellite on single platform

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

IMD -GNSS Network –Present Status

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Launch date: September 26, 2016

Launch site:SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Centre),

Sriharikota.

Launch vehicle; PSLV - C35

Orbit: Sun Synchronous, dawn-dusk orbit

Altitude: 720 km

Inclination: 97.4°

Local Time on Ascending Node 6:00 hours

Repetitivity: 2 days

Payloads: Scatterometer

Mission Life: 5 years

Current Polar Satellite – ScatSat-1

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

ScatSat-1 Imagery

HWV(Indian Region) Global AMV

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Images available at https://www.mosdac.gov.in/data/init.do?mode=initexecute

Visualization - RAPID

Use friendly, web based data visualization platform with GIS overlay and other Probe facilities

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Facilities and tools

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Point Time Series

Imagery Analysis with GIS facilities

• McIDAS-V Software

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Future Satellites Geostationary - GISAT

Every 10 min interval

30-minutes triplet every6 hour for winds

Launch Schedule: 2019, Geostationary orbit, 83EMX-VNIR: Multispectral - Visible Near Infrared, HySI-VNIR: Hyperspectral Imager - Visible Near Infrared,HySI-SWIR: Hyperspectral Imager - ShortWave Infrared, MX-LWIR: Multispectral - LongWaveInfrared.

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

Future Satellites Polar - Ocean-Sat III

Sensors Full name

OSCAT OceanSat Scatterometer

OCM Ocean Color Monitor

SSTM Sea Surface Temperature Monitor

A-DCS Advanced Data Collection System (also called "Argos-3")

Products • Wind Speed near Surface• Sea Ice Type• Snow Cover • Soil Moisture

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia

INSAT-3DRINSAT-3D

Locations of

Indian Geostationary Meteorological Satellites

74o 82o

AOMSUC – 10, 2-7 December, 2019 – Melbourne, Australia