Specialists in Satellite Imagery and Geospatial Solutions

Satellite Imagery & Geospatial Solutions for Papua New Guinea

Deciding which is the best satellite imagery for your application?

Geoimage can help. We will perform free data searches of your area of

interest. All you need to do is provide us with enough information about

your requirements such as:

✜ Pixel resolution

✜ Whether you require multispectral or panchromatic (black and white)

information

✜ Any time constraints, do you need the latest information or can we

choose scenes from the archive database

✜ What you intend to use the data for

Then provide us with either a shapefile, kmz/kml file or coordinates for

your area of interest and we will do the rest.

For your ease we have broken the different types of satellites into 3

categories:

VHR—Very High Resolution—These include the satellites that can supply

data with sub metre spatial resolution

High Resolution—These include the satellites that range from 2.5m to

10m resolution

Mid Resolution—These include the satellites that capture in resolutions greater than 10m resolution.

Satellites

Very High Resolution SatellitesSatellite Panchromatic

resolutionMultispectral resolution

Pan-sharpened resolution

Multispectral Bands available

Swath width Min area to purchase

Programmable Stereo available

Largest scale

Worldview-2 0.5m 2.0m 0.5m 4 or 8 bands 16.4km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive100 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:1500

WorldView-1 0.5m No multispectral band available

None 17.6km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive100 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:1500

GeoEye-1 0.5m 2.0m 0.5m 4 bands 15.2km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive100 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:1500

QuickBird 0.6m 2.44m 0.6m resampled

4 bands 16.5km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive100 sq kms for new capture

Yes No 1:2000

Pléiades 0.5m 2.0m 0.5m resampled

4 bands 20km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive 100 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:2000

IKONOS 0.82m 3.2m 0.8m resampled

4 bands 11km at nadir 25 sq kms for archive100 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:2500

SkySat 0.9m 2.0m 0.9m 4 bands 8km at nadir 50 sq kms Yes Yes (in future)

1:2500

High Resolution SatellitesSPOT 6 1.5m 6.0m 1.5m 4 bands 60kms at nadir 250 sq kms for

archive 1000 sq kms for new capture

Yes Yes 1:5000

SPOT 5 2.5m or 5m 10m at nadir 2.5m 4 bands 60x60kms at nadir

20x20kms Yes Yes 1:7500

ALOSArchive only

2.5m 10m 2.5m 4 bands 70x70kms for AVNIR (multispectral) or 35x35kms for PRISM (panchromatic)

Single scene No Yes 1:7500

RapidEye 5m 5 bands 77kms at nadir 500 sq kms for archive3500 sq kms for new capture

Yes No 1:15 000

SPOT 4Archive only

10m 20m 10m 4 bands 60x60kms at nadir

Single scene No No 1:30 000

Mid Resolution SatellitesLandsat 8 15m OLI=30m

TIR=100m resampled to 30m

15m 7 OLI bands 2 TIR bands

180 x 180 kms width

Single scene No No 1:40 000 Pansharpened

ASTER VNIR=15mSWIR=30mTIR=90m

3 VNIR bands6 SWIR bands5 TIR bands

60km width Single scene Yes (excluding SWIR)

Yes 1:40 000 for VNIR & SWIR

Landsat 7 15m TM= 30mTIR=60mresampled to 30m

15m 6 TM bands2 (gains) * TIR

180 x 180kms 180 x 180kms No No 1:40 000 Pansharpened

Landsat 5Archive only

TM=30mTIR=60m resampled to 30m

6 TM bands1 * TIR

180 x 180kms 180 x 180kms No No 1:80 000

INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONSGeoimage can assist clients in identifying a preferred route for the placement of new linear infrastructure or in selecting a site for potential developments. We can offer advice on how to obtain the most cost effective solution that will assist in preliminary feasibility and design phases of a project. Geoimage can generate image corridors with multiple sources of imagery to infill areas that are of less interest to enable improved visualisation outcomes.

✜ Identify a preferred route for the placement of new linear infrastructure or select a site for potential development

✜ Assist in developing design phases of projects

✜ Acquisition of imagery and terrain information

✜ Create visualisations of the impacts or concepts of infrastructure by integrating realistic surface models showing current and proposed change.

AGRICULTURAL MONITORINGSatellite imagery can be of great benefit to primary producers and those management groups responsible for the assessment or reporting of land management practices. Some examples of the benefits include:

✜ Farm Planning

✜ Assessment of crop yield

✜ Pasture condition

✜ Mapping of irrigated and non-irrigated vegetation

✜ Assessment of broad scale production yields

✜ Change management—including land clearing, land degradation and land improvement.

✜ Soil condition management

Geoimage can generate derived products such as NDVI vegetation images to map vegetation vigour for health assessment.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGGeoimage appreciates the need to offer sustainable solutions and provide evidence based reporting and back up decision with clearly presented information. Imagery from a wide range of sources can be used to generate baseline reviews for environmental monitoring. Use it to understand the current situation, condition or extent of a feature and how that may have changed over time or conduct trend analysis across local level, regional, national or even global scales.

Some of the benefits include:

✜ Monitoring vegetation change using multiple dates of imagery and change detection

✜ Mapping flood extents

✜ Mapping sustainable development initiatives including vegetation rehabilitation

✜ Delineating specific land covers, vegetation communities and land use activities

✜ Forestry—monitoring tree growth and yields, clearance rates and measuring tree canopies

✜ Generation of farm managements plans, monitoring yield or production levels

Applications

Lihir Gold Mine Mineral processing plant. QuickBird 0.6m Pan-sharpened Natural Colour. Collected 07 May 2008. 1:4000 scale © DigitalGlobe 2008

Palm Oil Trees. Ramu Valley, Papua New Guinea. WorldView-2 0,5m Pan-sharpened Natural Colour, False Colour Infrared, Normalised vegetation index. Collected 28 January 2010 © DigitalGlobe 2010

Lae and the mouths of the Markhan and Basu Rivers. AVNIR 10m Natural Colour. Collected 30 October 2009. Scale 1:100000. © JAXA/RESTEC 2009

MINERAL AND PETROLEUM EXPLORATIONSatellite imagery, digital elevation models and supplementary spatial datasets can all support the planning for and construction of infrastructure around mineral and petroleum sites.

The uses of satellite imagery for mineral & petroleum exploration include:

✜ Background images for infrastructure planning,

✜ Environmental impact studies

✜ Grassroots exploration

✜ Ground access

✜ Spectral processing to delineate potential exploration targets

✜ Digital Elevation Model generation

✜ Mapping operational infrastructure from imagery

URBAN PLANNINGAs population grows and the demand for housing and development increases pressure on the natural environment, governments are increasingly called upon to report on urban growth, to design sensitively in consideration of the environment and climate change and to offer sustainable solutions to urban encroachment.

The uses of satellite imagery for urban planning include:

✜ Asset management and infrastructure capture

✜ Surface mapping and identification of built form

✜ Mapping of residential structure

✜ Planning transportation networks

✜ Monitoring peri-urban developments and change

MINING APPLICATIONSThe uses of satellite imagery for mineral exploration include:

✜ Background images for infrastructure planning,

✜ Environmental impact studies

✜ Grassroots exploration

✜ Ground access

✜ Spectral processing to delineate potential exploration targets

✜ Digital Elevation Model

✜ Hydrological studies

✜ Utilities management and placement

✜ Natural hazard assessment including flood susceptibility and

emergency escape access

✜ Property access

✜ Alluvial flow direction and slope

✜ Delineation of rock types based on outcrop

Applications

PORONGGO 1:1000000 Sheet, Irian Jaya. Landsat B543 cloud free mosaic. Geological interpretation by Dr Colin Nash of Colin Nash and Associates.

Port Moresby, WorldView-2 0.5m Pan-sharpened Natural Colour. Collected 06 February 2010. 1:4000 scale © DigitalGlobe 2010

Porgera Gold Mine. QuickBird 0.6m Pan-sharpened Natural Colour. Collected 24 July 2007. 1:10000 scale. © DigitalGlobe 2007

Very high resolution satellite imagery over aquatic areas often exhibit water surface reflected sunlight along the slopes or crests of waves generated by surface winds. The effects of this “glint” can be enhanced by the collection of imagery at large off-nadir angles. Techniques involving the estimation of the glint using near infrared bands have been developed and can be applied to the data to enhance the information in the visible bands.

WorldView-2 multispectral image over Dingo Reef, Queensland. The image to the left was captured with an off-nadir angle of 18 degrees and obviously high surface wind conditions. On the left hand side is the raw data and the right hand side has been deglinted by Geoimage.

Landsat & QuickBird imagery mosaiced. © NASA & DigitalGlobe 2010.

Papua New Guinea is one of the hardest places on Earth to capture cloud free data over. The wet and dry seasons in PNG are not as black & white as elsewhere in the world. In most places the wet just means it is more likely to rain and the dry means less likely.

In extreme rainfall areas such as West New Britain Province or the northern areas of the Gulf and Western provinces, the annual rainfall can average more than 8 metres a year, therefore Geoimage advises clients to have realistic capture timeframes over these areas when placing new capture requests.

Wet Season is generally from December through to MarchDry Season is generally from May to October.

We have had success combining multiple datasets from different satellites including radar data (which is not affected by cloud cover). Geoimage has developed special techniques to mask cloud cover out and also mosaic & resample the different types of data together to make datasets which are useable. For further information contact your nearest Geoimage office.

Processing

Left is Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

Image A is the raw image collected at 20° off nadir with surface winds of 24 km/hr from the north-west. Note the waves are being refracted around the headland and there are local eddies which obscure any detail in the sub-surface.

Image B is the image which was deglinted by Geoimage showing subsurface detail.

Image C is another image which did not need deglinting and show the same subsurface features.

Geoimage supplies DEMs over PNG from whole of country down to individual land holdings.

The DEMs are sourced from either optical satellite stereo pairs or from radar systems in

satellites or aircraft, using interferometry. The type of DEM which best suits your application

will be dependent on a variety of factors and these can best be discussed with a specialist

from Geoimage.

Only a brief description of the individual sources are presented here. In the following discussion,

DEM is a generic term which includes both:

✜ DSM (Digital Surface Model) or model of surface reflectance features and includes the

heights of cultural features such as buildings, road and vegetation as well as bare earth.

It is this model that is produced from a pair of stereo images

✜ DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is a bare-earth model in which all the cultural features

have been removed (from a DSM) and is the model that would be used for an application

such as flood modelling.

SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)

This is a 90 m resolution DSM produced from interferommetric data acquired by a space shuttle

mission in 2000 and covers all of PNG. The data can be downloaded from the internet or is

available from Geoimage at a nominal cost in various grid or contour formats.

GDEM

This is a 30m resolution world-wide DSM produced from the Japanese ASTER sensor. The

methodology used to produce the DEM involved automated processing of the entire 1.5 million

scene ASTER archive, including stereo-correlation to produce 1,264,118 individual scene based

ASTER DEMs, cloud masking to remove cloudy pixels, stacking all cloud screened DEMs, removing

residual bad values and outliers, averaging selected data to create final pixel values and then

correcting residual anomalies before partitioning the data into 1° by 1° tiles. Although GDEM

has improved details over the SRTM, artifacts make it unusable in some areas.

ALOS PRISM

The Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) is a panchromatic

radiometer with 2.5m spatial resolution launched aboard the ALOS satellite. PRISM has three

independent optical systems for viewing nadir, forward and backward and producing along

track stereo DSMs with a resolution of 5m and a heigh accuracy of about 3-5m. DEMs are

capable of being produced from the triplet scenes, should the cloud free archive imagery exist.

WorldView 1,2 and GeoEye-1

In track stereo imagery from these high resolution

(0.5m pan resolution) satellites are capable of

producing 1m resolution DSMs with a height accuracy

of less than 1m. New captures are generally required

as there is little archive of in-track stereo and obtaining

low cloud scenes will always be a problem.

GeoSAR

GeoSAR is an airborne dual band interferometric radar

system flown by Fugro and capable of producing DSMs

and DTMs even in cloudy terrains. The system was

used to cover mainland PNG in 2006 and the data from

the P Band DTM data has been released by the PNG

Government and is available via Geoimage. The data is

available at 5m resolution in various grid and contour

formats. Minimum area of purchase is 50 sq km.

Source Spatial resolution(m)

Accuracy (m)

Availability

PNG GeoSAR 5 various Mainland PNG

NEXTMAP 5 3 New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville

NEXTMAP

Intermap collects elevation data using aircraft equipped

with Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR).

Intermap collected NEXTMAP radar imagery and DEMs

over New Britain, New Ireland and Bougainville in

2006-2007. The data specifications are:

Orthorectified radar image Pixel size 1.25m with

2m horizontal RMSE

DSM 5m posting with 3m

vertical RMSE

DTM (edited from DSM) 5m posting with 3m

vertical RMSE

Projection Datum Geographical/WGS84/

EGM96 geoid

Digital Elevation Models using satellite imagery and radar

Comparing the accuracy and availability of stereo satellite imagery to SRTM and GDEM

Radar Interferometry derived DEMs

GeoSAR example from PNG compared with SRTM and ClearView PNG at approximately 1:50000 scale.A: SRTM B: GeoSAR example C: Bands 543–ClearView example

A B C

Source Spatial resolution(m)

Accuracy (m)

Availability

SRTM 90 6-8 Land areas between latitudes 60N and 56S

GDEM (ASTER) 30 Variable Most land areas

SPOT HRS 20-30 8 From archive

ALOS PRISM 5 3-5 From archive

IKONOS 2 1-2 New Capture

WorldView-1, WorldView-2, GeoEye-1 1 0.5–1.0 New Capture

Radar Interferometry derived DEMs

Land Cover/ Land Use ClassificationUnderstanding the spatial distribution and range of land covers and land uses at a given time and location can support decisions for assessing land access, environmental management, resource assessment and infrastructure development.

Geoimage can provide clients with up to date, detailed land cover and land use information from the parcel to landscape scale for reporting, monitoring and planning purposes.

The geospatial team at Geoimage can help identify the best mapping product for your application to support evidence based reporting requirements and sustainable use of your land resources.

Change Detection and Trend AnalysisThe archive of satellite imagery is now rich with data of our changing landscape. With satellites now collecting information from 50cm resolution, analysis patterns captured by satellite technology can help to resolve and understand problems by both looking in the past and capturing consistent data today. This data can be analysed to monitor vegetation community extent, health and or density of agricultural lands, waterbody extents, sediment plumes, construction rates and many more...

Feature ExtractionGeoimage houses industry leading software and skills to carry out feature extraction from imagery. Our team can help save significant project time and money whilst minimising subjective errors related to manually digitising features through the application of state of the art technology to extract features of interest from imagery.

Our geospatial team can extract all sorts of information from the satellite imagery to provide time stamped locations of particular features of interest.

Coastal Environment MappingThe coastal environment is a dynamic one, which makes decoupling natural and human induced change difficult. Coastal hazards found within the shallow water environment can be identified using satellite imagery and can be integrated into a GIS environment for further analysis. By integrating satellite imagery, changes in sediment distribution and plumes, seagrasses, mangrove communities, drainage patterns and channels can be identified and monitored through time.

Hazards such as rocks or shifting sand bars can be detected by integrating spatial information into business planning and reporting processes. Understanding the land water interface is critical for efficient use and management of this sensitive environment. The geospatial team is well placed to provide up to date baselines of coastal environment features and trends to support your projects.

Spatial Analysis and MappingOur geospatial team carries out spatial analysis, scenario modelling and mapping services which integrate spatial datasets to support Environmental Management, impact, ecological and archaeological assessment. The team is experienced in providing mapping layers to narrow down and target areas for more thorough investigation. Our team integrates, remote sensing techniques and GIS spatial analysis to help direct field efforts to locate feature of interest or surrogates of interest over a target region. We have developed spatial models to predict areas subject to soil saturation to support hazard mitigation in the field. We can also use a variety of 3 dimensional (3D) spatial inputs to model visual impact, support community and stakeholder engagement and select sites or routes of access to maximise efficiency and understand costs and risk associated with scenario modelling. We can integrate 3D spatial information to assist in developing model scenarios to assess climate change impacts.

Geoimage’s geospatial team can offer spatial services for environmental management and impact assessment, land and resource management, event based mapping and monitoring, infrastructure development and stakeholder communication. Using a vast range of location based information sources, out team can work with you to identify the best spatial solution for your project, anywhere in the world.

Geospatial

Land cover classification derived from WorldView-2 imagery. © DigitalGlobe 2011 and © Geoimage Pty Ltd 2011

Geoimage Australia’s leading provider of Satellite Imagery and Geospatial Services

Geoimage has been offering professional and independent advice on the supply, processing, analysis and integration of satellite imagery and spatial datasets since 1988. Geoimage’s unsurpassed reputation for timely delivery, dedicated follow-up and professional customer service is evident from our extensive client list spanning the mining and exploration, environmental, planning, engineering and government sectors.

Data Content Supplier

Established long-term partnerships with the widest range of international satellite suppliers allow Geoimage to provide clients with archive and new capture satellite imagery ranging from 50cm to 30m resolution, suitable to most applications requiring a spatial context, either as a reference or from which to extract derived information.

Geoimage has partnered with DigitalGlobe since 2007, providing Australian customers with access to one of the most advanced global high resolution satellite constellations ever available.

Extended Remote Sensing and Geospatial Services

The comprehensive services offered by Geoimage provide customers with a coordinated solution for their geospatial requirements. Not only is Geoimage renowned for superior image processing, including orthorectification/spatial correction, colour balancing and mosaicing, and Digital Elevation Models, but some of our geospatial services include:

• Advancedspectralprocessingforfeatureextraction,includingObjectBasedclassificationandanalysis

• Generationofderiveddatasetsbasedonspectralcharacteristics,particularlyforchangedetectionusingtemporalimage stacks

• Integrationofsatelliteimagerywithothergeospatialdatathemestogeneratecomprehensivespatialdatastoresfordecision support

Typical applications that benefit from the establishment of a geospatial framework include:

• NaturalResourceManagementincludinghabitatvalueandenvironmentalriskassessment

• Infrastructureplanningincludingsiteandrouteassessmentsandvisualisation

• Environmentalperformancereportingincludingchangedetection,vegetationrehabilitationandevidence-basedreporting

• Climatechangeriskassessmentandmodellingincludingnaturalandbuiltformthreatidentification

• Urbanplanninganddesign,includingVisualimpactassessment

• Corporateandproject-basedgeo-enabling,includingthedisseminationofdatavianewtechnologiesincludingwebGISsolutions

Why do clients select Geoimage?

Geoimage’s clients repeatedly return because they appreciate our:

•Professionalandindependentadvice

•Excellentcustomerservice

•Superiorprocessingcapabilities

•Breadthofprocessing,analysisandvalueaddedservicesusingremotesensingandgeospatialtechnologies

•Confidentialopinionsandsupportfromaspecialistfirm.

Please contact us at:

Brisbane PO Box 789, Indooroopilly Qld 4068 | 13/180 Moggill Road, Taringa QLD 4068

| Tel +61 7 3871 0088 | Fax +61 7 3871 0042 | geoimage@geoimage.com.au

Perth PO Box 264, Leederville WA 6902 | Building B, Level 1, 661 Newcastle Street, Leederville WA 6007

| Tel +61 8 9328 4772 | Fax +61 7 3871 0042 | perth@geoimage.com.au

Sydney PO Box 208, Crows Nest NSW 1585 | Tel +61 2 9967 9265 | Fax +61 7 3871 0042 | sydney@geoimage.com.au

www.geoimage.com.au