satellite data and water resources management
DESCRIPTION
Satellite Data and Water Resources Management. Yellow River Project “973-G19990436”. Prof. Liu Changming & S. Yang. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University. Features of Water Resources in China. 1.Although water is abundance, water for each person is short. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Satellite Data and Water Resources Management
Prof. Liu Changming & S. Yang
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing Normal University
Yellow River Project “973-G19990436”
Features of Water Resources in China
1.Although water is abundance, water for each person is short.
2. Water resource distribution differs from space to space
3. Temporal distribution is also uneven
4. Water pollution is serious
Freshwater resources in China:
Average annual amount totals 28124 108 m3
Surface (R): 27115 108 m3
Ground (G): 8288 108 m3
Interacted (RG): 7279 108 m3
Average Annual Precipitation in China (mm)
Average Annual Runoff Distribution in China
The Condition of Water Resources
Management in China
1. Having the system of water resources management
2. Having a series of rules for water resources management
3. Having many institutes and universities to research water resources management
Main problems of water resources research in China
1. Exactly and quickly forecasting flood
2. Analyzing Yellow River lost flow
3. Solving drought in North China
4. Controlling water pollution in South China
5. Preventing water and soil loss in China
Processes of Hydrological Cycle
Problems in Research for Hydrologists and Water
Resources Managers
Difficulty in holding enough data about hydrological processes with precisely spatial and temporal resolution
Advantages of RS Data in WRM
• Able to collect land surface data in a wide space
• Afford dynamic data of hydrological research
• Low-Cost in comparison with measurements
• Good for monitoring
Availability of RS Data
LandsatRadasat
SPOT 2 - Jan. 22, 1990
SPOT 3 - Sept. 25, 1993
SPOT 4 - March 24, 1998
SPOT 1 - Feb. 21, 1986
Landsat
Landsat 1 (07/12/1972 - 01/06/1978) - RBV, MSS (80m)Landsat 2 (01/22/1975-07/27/1983) - RBV, MSS (80m)Landsat 3 (03/05/1978-09/07/1983) - RBV, MSS (80m)
Landsat 4 (07/16/1982 - ) - MSS, TM (30m, 120m)Landsat 5 (03/01/1984 - ) - MSS, TM (30m, 120m)
Landsat 6 (10/05/1993): ETM
Landsat 7 (04/23/1999 - ) - ETM+ (15m,30m, 60m)
Radarsatlaunched in November 1995
RADARSAT is an advanced Earth observation satellite system developed by Canada to monitor environmental change and to support resource sustainability.It carried a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a powerful microwave instrument that can transmit and receive signals to "see" through clouds and darkness, obtaining detailed images of the Earth.
TERRA (EOS AM) - 1999/12/18 Launched
TERRA sensors :
ASTER: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (15m - 3 bands in VNIR; 30m - 6 bands in SWIR; 90m - 5 bands in TIR)
MODIS: Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (0.4 - 14.4 m) (250m - 2 bands, 500m - 5 bands, 1000m - 29 bands)
CERES: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy SystemMISR: Multi-angle Imaging SpectroradiometerMOPITT: Measurements of Pollution in
the Troposphere.
AQUA Launched on May 4 2002
READY TO STUDY EARTH'S WATER CYCLE
SPOT
SPOT-4 VEGETATION SPOT 2 - Jan. 22, 1990
SPOT 3 - Sept. 25, 1993
SPOT 4 - March 24, 1998
SPOT 1 - Feb. 21, 1986
Properties:1m (0.45-0.90 m), 4m :
(Band 1: 0.45-0.52 m Blue)(Band 2: 0.52-0.60 m Green)(Band 3: 0.63-0.69 m Red)(Band 4: 0.76-0.90 m NIR)
Launched on Sep 4 1999
Quickbird Launched on18 October 2001
The imaging sensors are panchromatic and multispectral.
Properties of Sensor:
0.61m: 450nm-900nm
2.44m: 450nm-520nm
520nm-600nm
630nm-690nm
760nm-900nm
Application of RS Data in WRM
Application to Evaluation of Eco-environment Water Transfer
Project of Western Route Headwaters
Use remote sensing to interpret the messages of land cover and vegetation cover in the project area, and use GIS to get topography, NPP, annual rainfall and mean temperature. On the basis of setting up synthetically natural environment index, the West Route Project Area in upstream Yellow River is separated four grades regions, and they are synthetically analyzed on the aspect of natural environment.