sasta resources sace stage 2 science series workbook …...supporting teachers of science ....

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Chemistry

SACE STAGE 1 Australian Curriculum

TOPICS> Materials and their atoms> Combining atoms> Molecules> Mixtures and solutions> Acids and bases> Redox reactions

WORKBOOK

Supporting Teachers of Science Advancing Science Education

SECOND EDITION Rhys Lewis

Chem

istryW

OR

KB

OO

K

SASTA’s resources are written explicitly for the SACE Subject Outlines. Questions address the Assessment Design Criteria including investigation, analysis, and evaluation; and knowledge and application.

SACE STAGE 2 BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS• Workbooks • Study Guides

Written explicitly for the SACE 2018 Stage 2 Subject Outlines. SASTA’s Science series continues a successful pedagogical approach to both educate and challenge students to reach their full potential.

The workbooks are published in full colour and contain hundreds of original illustrations.

With over 500 fully worked questions in each workbook, this book is a must have for all students and educators in 2018 and beyond.

Available in Stage 1 and Stage 2.

To order, or for further information visit sasta.asn.au

249 Henley Beach Road, Torrensville SA 5031PO Box 678, Torrensville Plaza SA 5031 P 8354 0006 F 8354 0008 www.sasta.asn.au


SACE Stage 2Science Series

SASTA Resources

Details and ordering: www.sasta.asn.au

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CONTENTS 3

ContentsABOUT THIS BOOK 4

CHAPTER 1 TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS 5 1.1: Properties and uses of materials 6

1.2: Atomic structure 24

1.3: Quantities of atoms 44

1.4: The periodic table 56

Review Test 1 69

CHAPTER 2 TOPIC 2: COMBINING ATOMS 77 2.1: Types of materials 78

2.2: Bonding between atoms 82

2.3: Quantities of molecules and ions 120

Review Test 2 125

CHAPTER 3 TOPIC 3: MOLECULES 131 3.1: Molecule polarity 132

3.2: Interactions between molecules 146

3.3: Hydrocarbons 155

3.4: Polymers 178

Review Test 3 187

CHAPTER 4 TOPIC 4: MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS 193 4.1: Miscibility and solutions 194

4.2: Solutions of ionic substances 203

4.3: Quantities in reactions 212

4.4: Energy in reactions 235

Review Test 4 246

CHAPTER 5 TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES 251 5.1: Acid–base concepts 252

5.2: Reactions of acids and bases 258

5.3: The pH scale 271

Review Test 5 282

CHAPTER 6 TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS 287 6.1: Concepts of oxidation and reduction 288

6.2: Metal reactivity 305

6.3: Electrochemistry 314

Review Test 6 333

SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS 337

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 395

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TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS1.1 Properties and uses of materials

1.2 Atomic structure

1.3 Quantities of atoms

1.4 The periodic table

Review Test 1

CHAPTER 1

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6 SASTA STAGE 1 • CHEMISTRY WORKBOOK

•

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11CHAPTER 1 • TOPIC 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR ATOMS

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𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

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•

𝑋𝑋𝑍𝑍

𝐴𝐴

𝑁𝑁 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐴𝐴 − 𝑍𝑍

𝑁𝑁 = 239 − 94

𝑁𝑁 = 145

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐴𝐴 − 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴 = 𝑁𝑁 + 𝑍𝑍𝐴𝐴 = 128 + 82𝐴𝐴 = 210

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H11

H12

H13

C614

Cl1737

U92235

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•

𝒏𝒏

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• 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀

𝑛𝑛

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𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀

𝑛𝑛𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑀


𝑛𝑛 = 15.4563.55

𝑛𝑛 = 0.24 mol


𝑚𝑚 = 𝑛𝑛𝑀𝑀

𝑚𝑚 = 0.250 x 180.156

𝑚𝑚 = 45.039 g

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𝑛𝑛

𝑚𝑚

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•

•

• 𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓

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287CHAPTER 5 • TOPIC 5: ACIDS AND BASES

TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS

6.1 Concepts of oxidation and reduction

6.2 Metal reactivity

6.3 Electrochemistry

Review Test 6

CHAPTER 6

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2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2

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289CHAPTER 6 • TOPIC 6: REDOX REACTIONS

2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3

Fe → Fe3+ + 3e−

Cl2 + 2e− → 2Cl−

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Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br2

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2Al + 3I2 → 2AlI3

Al → Al3+

Al → Al3+

Al → Al3+ + 3e−

I2 → 2I−

I2 → 2I−

I2 + 2e− → 2I−

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Al → Al3+ + 3e−

I2 + 2e− → 2I−

2Al → 2Al3+ + 6e−

3I2 + 6e− → 6I−

2Al + 3I2 + 6e− → 2Al3+ + 6I− + 6e−

2Al + 3I2 → 2Al3+ + 6I−COPYRIGHT S

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Ca + F2 → CaF2

2Sb + 5Cl2 → 2SbCl5

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Zn + I2 → ZnI2

2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3

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MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Cr2O72− → 2Cr3+

Cr2O72− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Cr2O72− + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

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C2H5OH → CH3COOH

C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH

C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+

C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+

C2H5OH + H2O → CH3COOH + 4H+ + 4e−

2Cr2O72− + 28H+ + 12e− → 4Cr3+ + 14H2O

3C2H5OH + 3H2O → 3CH3COOH + 12H+ + 12e−

3C2H5OH + 2Cr2O72− + 16H+ → 3CH3COOH + 4Cr3+ + 11H2O

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N2 → 2NH3 + H2

NH3 + O2 → NH2OH

NH2OH → NO2−

NO2− → NO3−

NO3− → N2

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K(s) → K(aq)+ + e−

Ca(s) → Ca(aq)2+ + 2e−

Na(s) → Na(aq)+ + e−

Mg(s) → Mg(aq)2+ + 2e−

Al(s) → Al(aq)3+ + 3e−

Zn(s) → Zn(aq)2+ + 2e−

Fe(s) → Fe(aq)2+ + 2e−

Ni(s) → Ni(aq)2+ + 2e−

Sn(s) → Sn(aq)2+ + 2e−

Pb(s) → Pb(aq)2+ + 2e−

Cu(s) → Cu(aq)2+ + 2e−

Ag(s) → Ag(aq)+ + e−

Au(s) → Au(aq)3+ + 3e−

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Zn(s) + Cu(aq)2+ → Zn(aq)

2+ + Cu(s)

Zn(s) → Zn(aq)2+ + 2e−

Cu(aq)2+ + 2e− → Cu(s)

Mg + 2Ag+ → Mg2+ + 2Ag

Ag + Mg2+ → No reaction

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M + HX → MX + H2

Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2

Ca + 2H+ → Ca2+ + H2

M → M+ + e−

2H+ + 2e− → H2

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Mg → Mg2+ + 2e−

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu

Cu2+ + Mg → Cu + Mg2+

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Zn + 2OH− → ZnO + H2O + 2e−

HgO + H2O + 2e− → Hg + 2OH−

HgO + Zn → Hg + ZnO

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Zn + 2OH− → ZnO + H2O + 2e−

2MnO2 + H2O + 2e− → Mn2O3 + 2OH−

2MnO2 + Zn → Mn2O3 + ZnO

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Cd + 2OH− → Cd(OH)2 + 2e−

2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + 2e− → 2Ni(OH)2 + 2OH−

2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + Cd → 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2 → 2NiO(OH) + 2H2O + Cd

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Pb + SO42− → PbSO4 + 2e−

PbO2 + SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → PbSO4 + 2H2O

PbO2 + 2SO42− + 4H+ + Pb → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

2PbSO4 + 2H2O → PbO2 + 2SO42− + 4H+ + Pb

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LiC6 → C6 + Li+ + e−

CoO2 + Li+ + e− → LiCoO2

Li+ + e− + LiCoO2 → Li2O + CoO

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SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS

AND REVIEW TESTS

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339SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS

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393SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND REVIEW TESTS

’

→

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

→

Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e−

6Fe2+ → 6Fe3+ + 6e−

Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6Fe2+ → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6Fe3+

Fe2+

Cr2O72−

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

Na → Na+ + e−

2H2O + 2e− → 2OH− + H2

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OBH to insert barcode here

Chemistry

SACE STAGE 1 Australian Curriculum

TOPICS> Materials and their atoms> Combining atoms> Molecules> Mixtures and solutions> Acids and bases> Redox reactions

WORKBOOK


SECOND EDITION Rhys Lewis

Chem

istryW

OR

KB

OO

K

SASTA’s resources are written explicitly for the SACE Subject Outlines. Questions address the Assessment Design Criteria including investigation, analysis, and evaluation; and knowledge and application.

SACE STAGE 2 BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS • Workbooks • Study Guides

Written explicitly for the SACE 2018 Stage 2 Subject Outlines. SASTA’s Science series continues a successful pedagogical approach to both educate and challenge students to reach their full potential.

The workbooks are published in full colour and contain hundreds of original illustrations.

With over 500 fully worked questions in each workbook, this book is a must have for all students and educators in 2018 and beyond.

Available in Stage 1 and Stage 2.

To order, or for further information visit sasta.asn.au

249 Henley Beach Road, Torrensville SA 5031 PO Box 678, Torrensville Plaza SA 5031 P 8354 0006 F 8354 0008 www.sasta.asn.au


SACE Stage 2 Science Series

SASTA Resources

Details and ordering: www.sasta.asn.au

COPYRIGHT S

ASTA 2018

sasta resources sace stage 2 science series workbook …...supporting teachers of science ....

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