sarazina mumu infrastructure investment facilitation center (iifc)
DESCRIPTION
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PPP PROJECTS. Sarazina Mumu Infrastructure Investment Facilitation Center (IIFC). Sustainable Development. “Sustainable” development is called “equitable and balanced,” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sarazina Mumu Infrastructure Investment Facilitation
Center (IIFC)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALCONSIDERATIONS FOR PPP PROJECTS
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Sustainable Development
““Sustainable” Sustainable” developmentdevelopment is called “equitable is called “equitable and balanced,”and balanced,”
Development Development should balance the interests of should balance the interests of present and future generation, in three major present and future generation, in three major interrelated areas–interrelated areas–
Economic, Economic, Environmental.Environmental.Social, Social,
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Social Aspects
Social impact assessment Land AcquisitionResettlement/Rehabilitation
Involuntary ResettlementIndigenous people
Legislative Framework
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Legal and Institutional Framework Legal and Institutional Framework
• NATIONAL LEGISLATION- Acquisition and Requisition Ordinance, 1982 amended 1994,1995 and 2004
• WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES
OP 4.12 Requirements (Involuntary Resettlement) OP 4.10 Requirements (Indigenous Peoples)
• NATIONAL LEGISLATION- Acquisition and Requisition Ordinance, 1982 amended 1994,1995 and 2004
• WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES
OP 4.12 Requirements (Involuntary Resettlement) OP 4.10 Requirements (Indigenous Peoples)
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Social Impact AssessmentSocial Impact Assessment
Social impact assessment (SIA) refers to assessing a broad range of impacts/consequences likely to be experienced by a broad range of social groups due to some course of action.
•Social profiling: Demographic issues
•Social assessmentExplore in depth by collecting primary data, community participation to build a picture of social effect an action
Social impact assessment (SIA) refers to assessing a broad range of impacts/consequences likely to be experienced by a broad range of social groups due to some course of action.
•Social profiling: Demographic issues
•Social assessmentExplore in depth by collecting primary data, community participation to build a picture of social effect an action
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Steps of Social Impact Assessment
1.Scoping –potentially impacted people(s)/group(s) & their concerns to determine type, scale & focus of assessment2. Formulation of alternatives – consider reasonable alternatives to the proposal based on needs ofcommunity/society3.Profiling4.Projection5.Assessment – try to determine magnitude of impacts, what is potential for avoidance/mitigation6. Evaluation – assess tradeoffs: net benefits? For whom? Net costs & for whom? Is overall impact acceptable?7. Mitigation8. Monitoring/management
Land acquisition
“Land Acquisition” means acquiring of land for some public purpose by government/government agency, as authorized by the law, from the individual landowner(s) after paying a government fixed compensation in lieu of losses incurred by land owner(s) due to surrendering of his/their land to the concerned government agency.”
“Land Acquisition” means acquiring of land for some public purpose by government/government agency, as authorized by the law, from the individual landowner(s) after paying a government fixed compensation in lieu of losses incurred by land owner(s) due to surrendering of his/their land to the concerned government agency.”
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Case i) LAND PURCHASE BY SPONSOR (THROUGH NEGOTIATION)
No RAP is required in such cases and development may start immediately.
Case ii) LAND ACQUISITION BY GOB (WITH GOB OR SPONSOR FUND)
• Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), prepared by concerned authority.
• Compensation payment made by DC to the affected persons.
Land acquired and handed over to authority and development starts
Land acquisition phase
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Case iii) LAND ACQUISITION BY GOB (FOR AVAILING WORLD BANK FINANCES)
–Disclosure (of Project information) and Consultations (with potential affected persons), by project sponsor and/or engaged consultants. - Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) preparation, The RAP will include:
Project Affected People (PAP) list Compensation policyCompensation Matrix and Entitlement Plan Relocation Plan (RP), if anyIndigenous People Development Plan, IPDP (if required)
Case iii) LAND ACQUISITION BY GOB (FOR AVAILING WORLD BANK FINANCES)
–Disclosure (of Project information) and Consultations (with potential affected persons), by project sponsor and/or engaged consultants. - Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) preparation, The RAP will include:
Project Affected People (PAP) list Compensation policyCompensation Matrix and Entitlement Plan Relocation Plan (RP), if anyIndigenous People Development Plan, IPDP (if required)
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Detail Methodologies of SIA and RAP reports.
MappingMapping
Determination of ‘Area of Influence/ Impact Zone/ Study
Area’
Determination of ‘Area of Influence/ Impact Zone/ Study
Area’
Plan forMonitoring and
Evaluation
Plan forMonitoring and
Evaluation
Development of mitigation &
implementation plan
Development of mitigation &
implementation plan
Socio-economic Survey
Socio-economic Survey
Stakeholder Participation and
Consultation
Stakeholder Participation and
Consultation
Identification of
Stakeholders
Identification of
Stakeholders
IdentificationOf
Impacts
IdentificationOf
Impacts
Activities/ Tasks of
SIA&
RAP
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ResettlementResettlement
Resettlement is the process of moving people to a different place to live, because they are no longer allowed to stay in the area Where they used to live.
- Involuntary Resettlement- Indigenous People
Resettlement is the process of moving people to a different place to live, because they are no longer allowed to stay in the area Where they used to live.
- Involuntary Resettlement- Indigenous People
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Impacts of Resettlement WB’s policy covers direct economic and social impacts of involuntary taking of land Relocation or loss of shelter Lost of assets Loss of income sources Loss of livelihood
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Involuntary resettlement
Avoid land acquisition wherever possible If unavoidable, pay compensation as existing
market price Resettlement plan to incorporate in the
mitigation measure Monitoring of resettlement plan.
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The objective must be such that the displaced persons should be assisted to:
livelihoods restoration/improve Improve/ restore standards of living
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CompensationCompensation
legal term referring to the financial compensation recoverable by reason of another's breach of duty; the money paid or awarded to a plaintiff.
legal term referring to the financial compensation recoverable by reason of another's breach of duty; the money paid or awarded to a plaintiff.
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INDIGENOUS PEOPLES PLAN
•The Bank will not assist development projects that involve encroachment on lands being used or occupied by vulnerable indigenous, tribal•They are provided to at least mitigate the negative or adverse effects of such projects on these people, their cultures and their environments. •Key concerns in EA, therefore, relate to the preferences of indigenous, tribal, low-caste or ethnic minority people and their responses to development opportunities.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES PLAN
•The Bank will not assist development projects that involve encroachment on lands being used or occupied by vulnerable indigenous, tribal•They are provided to at least mitigate the negative or adverse effects of such projects on these people, their cultures and their environments. •Key concerns in EA, therefore, relate to the preferences of indigenous, tribal, low-caste or ethnic minority people and their responses to development opportunities.
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Issue 1982 ORDINANCE OP 4.12
Coverage Legal owners, Tenants, Share-croppers
All affected parties, including squatters and illegal occupants
Compensation Based on market values over previous 12 months
Replacement cost at current market price
Requires livelihood restoration component
Comparison: Bangladesh Law and World Bank OP 4.12Comparison: Bangladesh Law and World Bank OP 4.12
Minimization of impacts
Discourages unnecessary acquisition but no mechanism to monitor
Alternative analysis required to justify avoidance and/or mitigation of impacts
Consultation No consultation required Consultation as core issue in RAP preparation and implementation
Relocation assistance
No assistance provided Required
Livelihood restoration
Not addressed Livelihood restoration component and attention to post-resettlement required
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The major social issues related to infrastructure projects include
(i) Land acquisition(ii) Involuntary resettlement; (iv) Public consultation, participation, and consensus building.
The major social issues related to infrastructure projects include
(i) Land acquisition(ii) Involuntary resettlement; (iv) Public consultation, participation, and consensus building.
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The EA should assess the changes in pressures on natural resources in ecologically sensitive areas likely to be introduced by the development investment.
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•• Resource Use Patterns. Assess changes in patterns of access to or use of land, water, forest, pasturage•• Community Participation. •• Identification, Demarcation and Registry of Area. •• Inventory of Flora and Fauna. Survey and analyze fauna and flora and habitats, particularly endangered species, •• Social Infrastructure. Evaluate impacts on schools, medical facilities, communications/transport networks, markets; impacts on water supply, drainage, waste disposal systems. •• Public Health Conditions. Evaluate health risks and diseases in the area; environmental pollution; health, sanitation and hygienic conditions; traditional medicines and practices. •• Institutional Assessment. Determine capacity of local organizations and indigenous groups to participate in decision making, implementation, operations and evaluation.
•• Resource Use Patterns. Assess changes in patterns of access to or use of land, water, forest, pasturage•• Community Participation. •• Identification, Demarcation and Registry of Area. •• Inventory of Flora and Fauna. Survey and analyze fauna and flora and habitats, particularly endangered species, •• Social Infrastructure. Evaluate impacts on schools, medical facilities, communications/transport networks, markets; impacts on water supply, drainage, waste disposal systems. •• Public Health Conditions. Evaluate health risks and diseases in the area; environmental pollution; health, sanitation and hygienic conditions; traditional medicines and practices. •• Institutional Assessment. Determine capacity of local organizations and indigenous groups to participate in decision making, implementation, operations and evaluation.
Issues considered in EIA
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Policy and Legislative Features of Bangladesh
Environmental Policy, 1992
Issues related to improvement of environment in an integrated manner
This policy consists of 15 development sectors including agriculture, industry, health & sanitation and etc
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Environmental Conservation Act, 1995
Established for –
Environmental Conservation, Environmental standard development Environment pollution control and
abatement
Strategy of the Act – Declaration of ecologically critical areas, and restriction on the operation in the ecologically
critical area
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Environment Conservation Rules, 1997
National Environmental Quality Standards for ambient air, various type of water, industrial effluent, emission, noise, vehicular exhaust etc
Requirement for IEE/EIA according to categories of industrial and other development interventions
Project/development intervention is to obtain environmental clearance in two steps
Two steps of environmental clearance are 01. Location/Site clearance02 .Clearance on IEE/EIA
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Ground Water Management Ordinance 1985 National Conservation Strategy, 1992 National Environmental Management Action
Plan, 1995 National Water Policy, 2000 National Water Management Plan, 2001 National Water Bodies Protection Act 2000
Other Relevant Policies and Plans
Policy and Legislative Features of Bangladesh
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Key Environmental Concerns in Bangladesh
Drainage and Flooding River bank erosion and Surface water quality Ground water table and Groundwater quality Arsenic Contamination of Aquifers Saline intrusion Wetland deterioration Land degradation Air Pollution Fish and fisheries Forestry management Biodiversity conservation
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Environmental Assessment
EIA process and institutional linkage
Project need/justification Screening Scoping Baseline data Impact Assessment Mitigation measures
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Environmental Impact Assessment
Significant and Unavoidable Significant but Mitigable Not Significant Beneficial Cumulative Impacts – multiple project/ large scale
program
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Environmental screening and procedures
WB classifies projects into 3 categories:
Category A : Significant adverse environmental impacts Category B : Less diverse environmental impact Category C: Minimal or no environmental impact
DoE classifies projects into 4 categories:
Green Category Orange A Category Orange B Category Red Category
Instruments used are: EIA, environmental audit, screening and etc
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Public consultation is important
Public consultation process is the most effective role in project decision
Consultation with project affected groups during environmental assessment of Category A and B projects
Public consultation should be done as early as possible in project assessment
Publicly disclose the EA report
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Environmental Management Plan
EMP identifies feasible and cost-effective measures that reduces adverse environmental impacts
Project’s EMP consists of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures
EMP designed to avoid or mitigate identified environmental impacts.
Adverse impacts can be mitigated by implementation of measures
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Monitoring, supervision and reporting
Environmental monitoring is done to: 1. Predict and compare results of the project 2. To arrive to any conclusion
Monitoring and reporting procedures ensure: 1.early detection of conditions necessary for
mitigation measures 2. Information on the progress and results of
mitigation
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Potential Environmental Impacts
• Pre-Construction (Planning and Design) Phase Natural Habitats Induced Development Soil Stability / Erosion Above environmental issue range from
low sensitivity to high sensitivity
• Construction Phase Flora and Fauna Soil and Land Degradation Vehicular TrafficWaste Management Slope, Erosion and DrainageAir Quality Water Quality
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Potential Environmental Impacts
- Operation and Maintenance Phase Liquid WastesSolid Wastes Air Emission Noise Occupational Health & Safety Smell Visual impact
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EIA AND SIA simply as ‘window-dressing’ to comply with the funding requirements of aid donors(Horberry, 1985). •Fails to institutionalize EIA and SIA within the planning process
At an operational level, the effectiveness of EIA and SIA in developing countries is severely handicapped bylimited financial resources and insufficient technical capacities,
Challenges
Make EIA and SIA both participatory and technocratic.
Greening doesn’t just stop with the award of the contract – your organization will need to work with suppliers to ensure improved environmental performance throughout the life of the project.
Proper EIA and SIA implementation will actually lead to the success of any PPP project as well as development projects.
Key Messages
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