saraswati ichapter-wise solved and unsolved examples including cbse sample paper questions and...

SSSSSaraswatiaraswatiaraswatiaraswatiaraswatiIIIIINFORMATICSNFORMATICSNFORMATICSNFORMATICSNFORMATICS P P P P PRACTICESRACTICESRACTICESRACTICESRACTICES

New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Strictly in accordance with the latest syllabus

[A TEXTBOOK FOR CLASS XII]

New Delhi-110002 (INDIA)

By

Gagan Sahoo M.C.A.

PrefaceINFORMATICS PRACTICES for class XII has been revised strictly in accordancewith the latest CBSE syllabus. The language of the book is simple and never hindersin learning process. Readers will enjoy learning because it explains the subject withexamples and builds confidence. This book comprises four units.

• The first unit contains three chapters. These chapters contain the basic knowledgeincluding computer networking and open source technology.

• The second unit contains nine chapters which describes the programmingfundamentals using Java in NetBeans IDE. The main focus of this unit is todevelop graphical user interface programming using MySQL JDBC Driver. Also,you will study the menu driven programming handling multiple forms.

• The third unit contains five chapters which describes the relational databaseconcepts using MySQL. MySQL is the most widely used database in the world.It runs virtually on every kind of computer. This section describes the databasefiles, which are used to maintain any collection of information.

• The fourth unit and the last unit includes the basic concept of front end and backend concepts with a guided project. We have used all sort of Swing controls andnecessary steps to design and maintain a menu-driven programming.

The new edition of this book is prepared with extensive practice papers, assignments,chapter-wise solved and unsolved examples including CBSE sample paper questionsand previous years questions at the end of the chapter which will enable students totest their ability. These questions (examples) will enable students to test their ability.Also, the book contains a free CD (...\SourceIP_XII) which includes unit-wise sub-folders with solved assignments and programming examples. For easy practice,explore the directories/folders and test in your own computer.Practically, this book provides students everything they need to learn aboutinformation technology under one cover.Also, I would like to convey my sincere thanks to the dedicated team of New SaraswatiHouse (India) Pvt. Ltd. for bringing out this book in an excellent form.Suggestions for further improvement of the book will be gratefully acknowledged.

Gagan SahooPhone: 011-42953418

Mobile No.: 9818588644E-mail: [email protected]

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S Y L L A B U SUNIT-WISE MARKS (THEORY)

Duration: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

Unit No. Unit Name Periods Marks

Theory Practical Total

1 NETWORKING AND OPEN STANDARDS 20 4 24 10

2 PROGRAMMING 46 44 90 25

3 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 50 40 90 30

4 IT APPLICATIONS 10 26 36 5

126 114 240 70

UNIT 1: NETWORKING AND OPEN STANDARDS

Computer Networking:

• Networking: a brief overview;

• Communication Media: Wired Technologies – Co-Axial, Ethernet Cable, Optical Fiber; WirelessTechnologies – Blue Tooth, Infrared, Microwave, Radio Link, Satellite Link;

• Network Devices: Hub, Switch, Repeater, Gateway – and their functions;

• Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN;

• Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree;

• Network Protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, PPP;

• Identifying computers and users over a network: Basic concept of domain name, MAC (MediaAccess Control), and IP Address, domain name resolution;

• Network security: denial of service, intrusion problems, snooping;

• Internet Applications: SMS, Voice Mail, Electronic Mail, Chat, Video Conferencing;

• Wireless/Mobile Communication: GSM, CDMA, WLL, 3G, 4G;

• Network Security Concepts: Cyber Law, Firewall, Cookies, Hackers and Crackers.

Open Source Concepts:

• Open Source Software (OSS), common FOSS/FLOSS examples (e.g., GNU/Linux, Firefox,OpenOffice, Java, Netbeans, MySQL), common open standards (WWW, HTML, XML, ODF,TCP, IP).

• Indian Language Computing: character encoding, UNICODE, different types of fonts (open typevs true type, static vs dynamic), Entering Indian Language Text – phonetic and key map based.

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UNIT 2: PROGRAMMING

Review of Class XI;

Programming Fundamentals

(Refer to Appendix A for Swing Control Methods & Properties, and Appendix B for sample guide-lines of GUI Programming)• Basic concept of Access specifier for class members (data members and methods).• Basic concept of Inheritance.• Commonly used libraries:

– String class and methods: toString(), concat(), length(), toLowerCase(), toUpperCase(), trim(),substring()– Math class methods: pow(), round()

• Accessing MySQL database using ODBC/JDBC to connect with database.• Web application development: URL, Web Server, Communicating with the web server, concept

of Client and Server Side.• HTML based web pages covering basic tags – HTML, TITLE, BODY, H1..H6, Paragraph (P), Line

Break (BR), Section Separator (HR), FONT, TABLE, LIST (UL, OL), FORM.• Creating and accessing static pages using HTML and introduction to XML.

UNIT 3: RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Review of RDBMS from Class XI

Database Fundamentals

• Concept of Database Transaction, Committing and revoking a Transaction using COMMIT andROLLBACK.

• Grouping Records: GROUP BY, Group functions – MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(), COUNT();using COUNT(*), DISTINCT clause with COUNT; Group Functions and Null Values.

• Displaying Data From Multiple Tables: Cartesian product, Union, concept of Foreign Key, Equi-Join

• Creating a Table with PRIMARY KEY and NOT NULL constraints, Viewing Constraints, Viewingthe Columns Associated with Constraints using DESC command.

• ALTER TABLE for– deleting column(s), modifying data type(s) of column(s),– adding a constraint, enabling constraints, dropping constraints.

• DROP Table for deleting a table

UNIT 4: IT APPLICATIONS

• Front-end Interface: Introduction; content and features; identifying and using appropriatecomponent (Text Box, Radio Button, CheckBox, List, etc., as learnt in Unit 2 (Programming)) fordata entry, validation and display.

• Back-end Database: Introduction and its purpose, exploring the requirement of tables and itsessential attributes.

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• Front-End and Database Connectivity: Introduction, requirement and benefits.• Demonstration and development of appropriate Front-end interface and Back-end Database for

e-Governance, e-Business and e-Learning applications.• Impact of ICT on society: Social and Economic benefits.

In each of the above domains, identify at least two real-life problems, list the expected outputsand the input(s) required for the output, and describe the problem solving approach and de-velop relevant front-end interface and back-end database.

Practicals

S.No. Description Marks1. Problem Solving using Java 12

2. SQL Queries 4

3. Practical Records 5

• Simple Problems using Java

• SQL Queries

• IT Applications

4. Project Work 5

5. Viva Voce 6

Total 30

Evaluation of Practical Examination

1. Problem Solving using JavaStudent is required to solve programming problems based on all concepts covered in theorythroughout the year and maintain a record of these in the practical file.Student will be given a problem to be solved using Java during final practical examination to beconducted at the end of the academic session.

2. SQL QueriesStudents will be trying out SQL queries in MySQL throughout the year along with course coveragein theory.Student will be asked to write 4 queries based on one or two tables during final practicalexamination to be conducted at the end of the academic session

3. Practical Record FileA practical record file is required to be created during the entire academic session. It should beduly signed by the concerned teacher on regular basis and is to be produced at the time of FinalPractical Examination for evaluation. It should include the following:• At least 12 solutions of simple problems using IDE based Java (refer to Appendices ‘A’ &

‘B’).• Solution of at least 2 simple problems incorporating Java Application & Database

connectivity.

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• At least 24 SQL queries based on one and/or two tables.• At least two web pages using HTML.

4. Project File

Students in group of 2-3 are required to work collaboratively to develop a project usingProgramming and Database skills learnt during the course. The project should be an applicationin any one of the domains – e-Governance, e-Business and e-Learning – with GUI front-end andcorresponding database at the back-end.

5. Viva Voce

Students will be asked oral questions during practical Examination to be conducted at the endof the course. The questions will be from the entire course covered in the academic session.

Appendix ‘A’Ready Reference for GUI Programming

Swing Control Methods & Properties

Class: JButton

Swing Control: JButton

Methods: getText(), setText()

Properties: Background, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Text, Label

Class: JLabel

Swing Control: JLabel

Methods: getText(), setText()

Properties: Background, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Text

Class: JTextField

Swing Control: JTextField

Methods: getText(), isEditable(), isEnabled(), setText()

Properties: Background, Editable, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Text

Class: JRadioButton

Swing Control: JRadioButton

Methods: getText(), setText(), isSelected(), setSelected()

Properties: Background, Button Group, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Label, Selected,Text

Class: JCheckBox

Swing Control: JCheckBox

Methods: getText(), setText(), isSelected(), setSelected()

Properties: Button Group, Font, Foreground, Label, Selected, Text

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Class: ButtonGroup

Swing Control: ButtonGroup

Methods:

Properties: Add

Class: JComboBox

Swing Control: JComboBox

Methods: getSelectedItem(), getSelectedIndex(), setModel()

Properties: Background, ButtonGroup, Editable, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Model,

SelectedIndex, SelectedItem, Text

Class: JListSwing Control: JListMethods: getSelectedValue()Properties: Background, Buttom Group, Editable, Enabled, Font, Foreground, Model,

SelectedIndex, Selected Item, Text

Class: JTableSwing Control: JTableMethods: addRow(), getModel()Properties: model

Class: JOptionPaneSwing Control:Methods: showMessageDialog()Properties:

Class: DefaultTableModelSwing Control:Methods: getRowCount(), removeRow(), addRow()Properties:

Commonly Used Methods

Class Methods

Integer parseInt(), toDouble(), toString()

String concat(), length(), substring(), toDouble(), toLowerCase(), toUpperCase(),trim()

Double parseDouble(), toString(), toInt()

Math pow(), round()

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Database Connectivity Methods

Class Methods

Connection createStatement(), close()

DriverManager getConnection()

Statement executeQuery()

ResultSet next(), first(), last(), getString()

Exception getMessage()

System exit()

Note: The visual properties of any of the elements and Data connectivity methods (the properties/methods, which are not highlighted in the above tables) will not be tested in the Theory examinationbut may be used by the student in the Practicals and Projects.

Appendix ‘B’Sample Guidelines for GUI Programming

1. To display a message using Label, TextBox, MessageDialog using simple GUI applications.2. To concatenate two text entries and display using simple GUI application.3. To perform a simple arithmetic operation (+,-,*,/) and display the result in MessageDialog or TextBox

using simple GUI application.4. To perform simple arithmetic operation (+,-,*,/) and display the result in TextBox using simple GUI

application.5. To make simple decision making (if statement) solution and display relevant message using GUI

application (Example – Problems related to Eligibility for a given value of Age, “Profit” or “Loss”messages for given values of Cost Price and Sale Price, Grade Display for given values of Marks ofstudents, etc.).

6. To create a simple GUI application to perform both arithmetic and logical operation together (Example– Total, Average and Grade calculation for given marks, Salary Calculation on different criteria).

7. To create a simple GUI application to perform an operation based on the criteria input by the user ina CheckBox or a Radio Button.(Example 1: Find the Discount of an item on the basis of Category of item [Electrical Appliance/Electronic Gadget/Stationary specified using a Radio button] and its Cost [Below 1000/Above 1000/Equal to 1000 specified using a Radio button]).(Example 2: Calculate the incentive of a Sales Person on the basis of his Sales Amount, CustomerFeedback, Count of Customer specified using CheckBox)

8. To create a simple GUI application to change the property of a swing element based on the selectionmade by the user.(Example 1: To change the background or Foreground color of any of the Swing elements of the formbased on the color selected from a list.)(Example 2: To change the foreground and background color of a label based on the values input/stored in a combo box.)

9. To create a simple GUI application for repeatedly doing a task based on the user input.(Example: To display the multiplication table of a number input by the user.)

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10. To store the data (Admission No., Name, Date of Birth, Class and Section) of 10 students in a table[Table] and find total number of students in each class and section.

Sample Guidelines for Connectivity Problems

11. To create a simple GUI application that counts and displays the number of records present in adatabase table.

12. To create a simple GUI application that displays the records of a database table in a tabularformat (using jTable) on the GUI form.

13. To create a simple GUI application that displays the records of a database table in a tabularformat (using jTable) on the GUI form based on a criteria input by the user.

14. To create a simple GUI application to perform a calculation based on a value retrieved fromdatabase table and a value entered by the user in a GUI application.Know more (beyond syllabus):Teachers may also motivate students to search for topics of emerging ICT technologies such asWeb Services, Cloud Computing, SDK on Android, etc., for group discussions and presentations.

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C O N T E N T S

UNIT 1: NETWORKING AND OPEN STANDARDS

Chapter–1 Computer Networking ................................................................................... 1.1–1.44

1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1.11.2 WHAT IS A NETWORK? .................................................................................................... 1.11.3 NEED FOR NETWORKING ................................................................................................ 1.11.4 ELEMENTARY TERMINOLOGY OF NETWORKS .................................................................. 1.21.5 TYPES OF NETWORKS ...................................................................................................... 1.2

1.5.1 Local Area Network (LAN) .................................................................................. 1.21.5.2 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) ................................................................... 1.31.5.3 Wide Area Network (WAN) ................................................................................ 1.31.5.4 Personal Area Network (PAN) ............................................................................ 1.4

1.6 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN AND WAN ............................................................................. 1.41.7 EVOLUTION OF NETWORKING ........................................................................................ 1.4

1.7.1 ARPANET ............................................................................................................. 1.41.7.2 The Internet ....................................................................................................... 1.51.7.3 The InterSpace ................................................................................................... 1.5

1.8 SWITCHING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................... 1.51.9 DATA COMMUNICATION TERMINOLOGIES ...................................................................... 1.61.10 TRANSMISSION MEDIA ................................................................................................... 1.7

1.10.1 Twisted Pair Cable ............................................................................................. 1.71.10.2 Coaxial Cable .................................................................................................... 1.81.10.3 Optical Fiber Cable ........................................................................................... 1.81.10.4 Ethernet Cable ................................................................................................... 1.9

1.11 WIRELESS NETWORKING ................................................................................................ 1.91.11.1 Microwave ....................................................................................................... 1.101.11.2 Radio Wave ..................................................................................................... 1.101.11.3 Satellite ........................................................................................................... 1.111.11.4 Infrared Wave Communication ...................................................................... 1.111.11.5 Bluetooth ......................................................................................................... 1.121.11.6 WiFi ................................................................................................................. 1.12

1.12 NETWORKING DEVICES ................................................................................................. 1.121.12.1 Modem ............................................................................................................. 1.121.12.2 RJ-11 Connector .............................................................................................. 1.131.12.3 RJ-45 Connector .............................................................................................. 1.131.12.4 Ethernet Card ................................................................................................... 1.131.12.5 Hub .................................................................................................................. 1.13

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1.12.6 Switch .............................................................................................................. 1.141.12.7 Repeater .......................................................................................................... 1.141.12.8 Bridge .............................................................................................................. 1.141.12.9 Router .............................................................................................................. 1.151.12.10Gateway ........................................................................................................... 1.15

1.13 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES ............................................................................................... 1.151.13.1 The BUS ............................................................................................................ 1.161.13.2 The Ring ........................................................................................................... 1.161.13.3 Star or Radial Topology .................................................................................. 1.171.13.4 Tree Topology ................................................................................................... 1.181.13.5 Mesh Topology ................................................................................................ 1.18

1.14 NETWORK PROTOCOLS ................................................................................................. 1.191.14.1 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) ................................................................ 1.191.14.2 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ............................................................................ 1.201.14.3 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) ........................... 1.201.14.4 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) ................................................................. 1.211.14.5 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) ......................................................................... 1.211.14.6 NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) ........................................................ 1.211.14.7 Remote Login (Telnet) ...................................................................................... 1.21

1.15 WIRELESS/MOBILE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS ..................................................... 1.221.15.1 GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications ....................................... 1.221.15.2 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) .......................................................... 1.221.15.3 GPRs (General Packet Radio Service) ............................................................. 1.221.15.4 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) .............................................................................. 1.221.15.5 Telephone Technology ..................................................................................... 1.23

1.16 ELECTRONIC MAIL PROTOCOL ...................................................................................... 1.251.16.1 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ........................................................... 1.251.16.2 POP (Post Office Protocol) .............................................................................. 1.251.16.3 IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) ............................................................ 1.25

1.17 VOIP PROTOCOLS ......................................................................................................... 1.251.18 NETWORK ADDRESSING ................................................................................................ 1.26

1.18.1 MAC Addresses ................................................................................................. 1.261.18.2 IP Address ....................................................................................................... 1.271.18.3 Domain Name .................................................................................................. 1.271.18.4 Resolving DNS Names to IP Addresses ........................................................... 1.281.18.5 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ..................................................................... 1.29

Points to Remember ....................................................................................................... 1.30SOLVED EXERCISES ................................................................................................................. 1.31REVIEW QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................ 1.42

Chapter–2 Network Security and Web Services ......................................................... 1.45–1.164

2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1.452.2 OTHER NETWORKING CONCEPTS .................................................................................. 1.45

2.2.1 Internetworking ............................................................................................... 1.452.2.2 Host ................................................................................................................. 1.452.2.3 Backbone Network ........................................................................................... 1.45

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2.2.4 Network File System (NFS) ............................................................................... 1.462.3 INDIAN IT ACT ............................................................................................................... 1.46

2.3.1 Cyber Law ........................................................................................................ 1.462.3.2 Cyber Crime ..................................................................................................... 1.462.3.3 IPR Issues ........................................................................................................ 1.47

2.4 CONCEPT OF NETWORK SECURITY ................................................................................ 1.472.4.1 Eavesdropping ................................................................................................. 1.482.4.2 Identity Spoofing (IP Address Spoofing) ......................................................... 1.482.4.3 Password-Based Attacks ................................................................................. 1.482.4.4 Denial-of-Service Attack .................................................................................. 1.482.4.5 IDS (Intrusion Detection System) .................................................................... 1.482.4.6 Snooping .......................................................................................................... 1.492.4.7 Man-in-the-Middle Attack ............................................................................... 1.492.4.8 Compromised-Key Attack ................................................................................ 1.492.4.9 Virus ................................................................................................................ 1.492.4.10 Worm ............................................................................................................... 1.492.4.11 Trojans ............................................................................................................. 1.502.4.12 Spam ................................................................................................................ 1.502.4.13 Spyware ........................................................................................................... 1.502.4.14 Malware .......................................................................................................... 1.502.4.15 Prevention from Network Attack ..................................................................... 1.502.4.16 Firewall ........................................................................................................... 1.522.4.17 Cookies ............................................................................................................ 1.52

2.5 HACKERS AND CRACKERS .............................................................................................. 1.522.6 WEB SERVICES .............................................................................................................. 1.52

2.6.1 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) .............................................................. 1.532.6.2 Dynamic HTML (DHTML) .................................................................................. 1.532.6.3 eXtensible Markup Language (XML) ................................................................ 1.532.6.4 World Wide Web ............................................................................................. 1.532.6.5 Web Server ...................................................................................................... 1.542.6.6 Website ........................................................................................................... 1.542.6.7 Web Page ......................................................................................................... 1.542.6.8 Web Browser ................................................................................................... 1.542.6.9 Web Hosting .................................................................................................... 1.552.6.10 Web Scripting .................................................................................................. 1.552.6.11 Web 2.0 ........................................................................................................... 1.562.6.12 Chat ................................................................................................................. 1.562.6.13 Voice-Conferencing and Video-Conferencing ................................................. 1.562.6.14 Electronic Mail ................................................................................................ 1.57


Chapter–3 Open Source Technology ........................................................................... 1.65–1.82

3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1.653.2 FREE SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................ 1.65

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3.3 WHAT IS AN OPEN SOURCE? ......................................................................................... 1.663.4 FLOSS ......................................................................................................................... 1.663.5 GNU ......................................................................................................................... 1.673.6 FSF ......................................................................................................................... 1.673.7 OSI ......................................................................................................................... 1.673.8 W3C ......................................................................................................................... 1.683.9 FREEWARE ..................................................................................................................... 1.683.10 SHAREWARE .................................................................................................................. 1.683.11 PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE .............................................................................................. 1.693.12 UNICODE ...................................................................................................................... 1.693.13 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE/FREE SOFTWARE ................................................................. 1.69

3.13.1 Linux ................................................................................................................ 1.693.13.2 Mozilla Web Browser ..................................................................................... 1.703.13.3 Apache Tomcat Server ..................................................................................... 1.703.13.4 MySQL .............................................................................................................. 1.703.13.5 PostgreSQL ....................................................................................................... 1.713.13.6 Pango ............................................................................................................... 1.713.13.7 OpenOffice ...................................................................................................... 1.723.13.8 PHP .................................................................................................................. 1.723.13.9 Python ............................................................................................................. 1.72

3.14 COMMON OPEN STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 1.733.15 WEBSITES SUPPORTING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE ...................................................... 1.743.16 INDIAN LANGUAGE COMPUTING .................................................................................. 1.74

3.16.1 UNICODE .......................................................................................................... 1.753.16.2 ISCII (Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange) ............................ 1.753.16.3 ISFOC Standard for Fonts ................................................................................ 1.763.16.4 INSCRIPT Keyboard Layout .............................................................................. 1.763.16.5 Font Types ........................................................................................................ 1.76

3.17 ENTERING INDIAN LANGUAGES ..................................................................................... 1.763.17.1 Phonetic Based ................................................................................................ 1.763.17.2 Key Map Based ................................................................................................ 1.77


UNIT 2: PROGRAMMING

Chapter–1 Review of Java-NetBeans–I ........................................................................... 2.1–2.60

1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2.11.2 HOW DOES A JAVA PROGRAM WORK? ........................................................................... 2.1

1.2.1 What is Java Virtual Machine (JVM)? .............................................................. 2.11.2.2 Java Development Kit (JDK) and Java Runtime Environment (JRE) ................... 2.2

1.3 A SIMPLE JAVA PROGRAM ............................................................................................... 2.3Points to Remember ......................................................................................................... 2.51.4 SWING OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 2.5

Saraswati Informatics Practices ATextbook For Class-XII

Publisher : SChand Publications ISBN : 9789351995852Author : Reeta Sahoo,Gagan Sahoo

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