SAP R/3 Architecture

Prof.R.K.Nadesh @ VITwww.nadeshrk.webs.com

SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Sales &Distribution

MaterialsMgmt.

ProductionPlanning

FinancialAccounting

Controlling

Fixed AssetsMgmt.

QualityMgmt.

PlantMaintenance

HumanResources

Workflow

IndustrySolutions

R/3Client / Server

ABAP/4 ProjectSystem

Logistical Financial

Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Input / Outputof data to users

Access to Dataase:(Read / Write data)

Central Database(Storage of all data)

Database

Application

Presentation

Processing of datausing application logic

Presentation of theprocessed data tothe user

Typical Client Server Architectures

Central System

Two - tierDistributed System

Two - tierClient/Server

Three - tierClient/Server

Multi-layerCooperative

Client/Server

Presentation Application Database

Database and Application

R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems

SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation

Database,

Application,

PresentationDatabase

Application

Presentation

Internet Transaction Service/Web Service

To web-enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The web-service and the services for the ITS can run on one server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.

Basis System: Application Architecture

Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, OSF/Motif,Presentation Manager, Macintosh

ABAP/4, C, C++

DB2/400

OS/400

Windows ‘95OS/2

IBMAS/400

AT&T Data General SNIBull/Zenith HP SequentCompaq IBM Digital

ADABAS D, Oracle 7.1,MS SQL Server 6.0

Windows NT

UNIX systemsBull HP SNIDigital IBM SUN

AIX SINIXHP-UX SOLARISDigital UNIX

ADABAS D,DB2, INFORMIX,

ORACLE 7.1

Hardware

OperatingSystems

Databases

DialogSAPGUI

Languages

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O r d e r

R/3 Communication / InterfacesRemote

Function Call

Electronic DataInterchange

Program InterfaceCommunicationObject Linking

and Embedding

ApplicationLink Enabling

WebInterface

Client/Server Overview

Client

Server

LAN/WAN

TCP / IP

Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Presentation

Data Storage

ApplicationLogic

Client

Server

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Data base

Application

Presentation

BuffersWorkProcess

WorkProcess

WorkProcess

Dispatcher

SAP GUI

Communications

SAP Memory BufferSAP Memory Buffer

Relational data base systemRelational data base system

SAP GUISAP GUI

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Data base

Application

Presentation

WorkProcess

Dispatcher

TerminalProcess

Request queuesRequest queues

11

33

22

4455

66

77

Roll

Page

SAP Dispatcher

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

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5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31

1999

Background Jobs

Spool

Enqueue

Dialog Update MessageSold to party: C100

Item Material Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25

O r d e r

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O r d e r

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O r d e r

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O r d e r

M

Gateway

R/2

R/3G

AABB

CC

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Dialog . . . . Update Spool Back-ground Enqueue

Dispatcher

DatabaseInstance

DatabaseInstance Message

ServerMessage

ServerSAP

GatewaySAP

Gateway

Instance Profiles(parameters)

Instance Profiles(parameters)

SAP BuffersSAP Buffers

Startor

Stop

Startor

Stop

Central Instance

© SAP AG

R

What does an R/3 Database Contain?

R/3System

database

Repository ObjectsRepository Objects

Customizing ObjectsCustomizing Objects

ClientClient ClientClient ClientClient

Global SettingsGlobal Settings

© SAP AG

R

What is a Client?

“A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System withregard to commercial law, organization, and data.”

ClientClientUser Master

Customizing

Application

user recordsuser authorization

client-dependentcustomizing data

transaction datamaster data

Sample SAP System Landscape

Development Testing Production

DatabaseServers

ApplicationServers

PresentationServers

Object Migration

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Development QA Testing Production

Corrections and Transport

The Client

R/3America

R/3Europe

R/3Japan

America Client 010America Client 010

Japan Client 030Japan Client 030

Europe Client 020Europe Client 020

SAP System ArchitectureSAP System Architecture

Database Server

M

SAP Application Server(SAP Instance)

Oracle

Informix

DB2

MS SQL Server

MAX DB

G

Dispatcher

Queue

D D B V S E

SAP Buffer(Shared Mem)

SAP GUIDIAG

Dispatcher Queue

ICM

Memory Pipe

SAP Web AS Java

Web Browser

HTTP, HTTPS

SMTP, SOAP, XML,…Web

Work Process Types

D = DialogB = BackgroundV = UpdateE = EnqueueS = SpoolM = Messaging G = Gateway

SAP Installation Concept

• Install Oracle RDBMS • Install Central Instance (SAP Application

Server)• Install Database Instance• Install SAP GUI

1.Install Oracle RDBMS

Install Oracle RDBMS

2.Install Central Instance

Install Central Instance

3.Install Database Instance

Install Database Instance

Install Database Instance

4.Install SAP GUI

Install SAP GUI

SAP Web Application Server

• The SAP Web AS is an open, scalable, and high-availability infrastructure for developing dynamic and company-wide Internet applications

• It is a server based on the well-known SAP Application Server technology, with the additional enhancement of Web functionality

• The SAP Web AS is the new technological basis of all mySAP Business suite solutions. It is also the core element of the SAP R/3 Enterprise system – the successor to the classic SAP R/3

SAP Web AS Release

• SAP Web AS 6.10– ICM

• SAP Web AS 6.20– ICM, J2EE

• SAP Web AS 6.30– ICM,J2EE + Eclipse,Web Dynpro

• SAP Web AS 6.40– ICM,J2EE + Web Dynpro + Integrated ITS

• SAP Web AS 7.00– Oracle 10g …

Accessing Data in DATABASE

• Relational DB Tables• Line Unique – KEY • Standard SQL

DML (Read &Change)DDL (Create & Administrate)DCL (Authorization &Consistency Check)

Each database has a programming interface that allows you to

access the database tables using SQL statements

Database Interface

• R/3 System independent of the database system • Each work process on an application server has

a database interface • The R/3 System communicates with the

database by means of this interface • The database interface converts all of the

database requests from the R/3 System into the correct Standard SQL statements for the database system.

Database Interface

Db Interface

• Access – Open SQL /Native SQL• Open SQL consists of the Data

Manipulation Language (DML) • It allows you to read (SELECT) and

change (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) data.

• It also allows you to buffer certain tables on the application server, saving excessive database access.

Db Interface

• When buffering the database, you must remember that data in the buffer is not always up to date

• you should only use the buffer for data which does not often change.

• You specify whether a table can be buffered in its definition in the ABAP Dictionary.

DB Interface

• Native SQL*allows access to all of the functions

contained in the programming interface of the respective database system

*Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written.

ABAP Dictionary• Allows you to create and administer database tables. • Normal application programs should not create or

change their own database tables. • The ABAP Dictionary uses the DDL part of Open SQL to

create and change database tables. • It also administers the ABAP Dictionary in the database. • The ABAP Dictionary contains metadescriptions of all

database tables in the R/3 System. • Only database tables that you create using the ABAP

Dictionary appear in the Dictionary.

Memory Management

• Application- Work Process (ABAP)• Process requires Memory -MMS• The order in which the work process is

assigned the memory type depends on the work process type, either dialog or non-dialog

• The location of the various memory areas in Virtual address Space

R/3 – OS Level

• The Operating System manages two type of memory :

• Local memory• allocated precisely to one operating

system process• Shared memory• accessible to multiple operating

system process

R/3 - MMS

• ROLL AREA (Initial Memory Assignment)

• EXTENDED MEMORY (Majority of User Context)

• PRIVATE MEMORY

R/3 – ROLL AREA

When a dialog is executed,dispatcherperforms

Pres. server SAP Application Sever DB Server

SAP

GU

I SAP Extended Memory

Dispatcher Queue SAP Roll Memory

disp

atch

erTable

buffer

Program

buffer

DDIC Buffer

Work Process

Work Process

Work Process

DB Process

DB Process

DB Process

Database

buffer

PROCESS FLOW

SAP Roll Memory

Local SAP Roll area of work process

- The initial part of user context stored

- Each SAP work process can only access its own roll area

Shared SAP Roll Area

- Accessible to all of instance work processes

- Buffer to temporary keep user context when a user is assigned to new work process

- Roll in : copying user context from shared roll area to local roll area

- Roll Out : copying user context from local roll area to shared roll area

ROLL AREA

Roll buffer (shared memory)Roll area

Roll file (disk)

Roll area (local)

Work Process1

Work Process2

copy copy

SAP Extended Memory

Shared memory which mostly of user context stored

All SAP work process can edit stored user context directly

Roll in rather only copied the address (pointer) of where a user context

located on the SAP extended memory.

makes roll process much faster

ztta/roll_extension

em/initial_size_MB

SAP Heap Memory

Area which allocated variably as local memory as required.

Released after a transaction is complete.

SAP Heap Memory main parameters :

abap/heap_area_dia : quotas oh SAP heap memory that a dialog process can allocated.

abap/heap_area_nondia : quotas oh SAP heap memory that a nondialogprocess can allocated.

abap/heap_area_total : size that can be allocated in total by all work process.

abap/heaplimit : Workprocess restart limit of heap memory

Heap Memory (local)

abap/heap_area_(non)dia

abap/heap_area_total

Sequence in which memory is allocated (dialog work process) :

User-Independent

Data Roll memory to

zttz/roll_firstRoll memory to

zttz/roll_extension

Roll memory to

zttz/roll_area

Roll memory to

abap/heap_area_dia

1 2 3 4User Context

Copying data during context change

Mapping the data during context change

- Data stays in work process

- No context switch possible

- Work process in private mode