sap netweaver bw and sap businessobjects : the ... · pdf file2.4.2 sapbusinessobjects...

Loren Heilig, Torsten Kessler, Thilo Knotzele, Dr. Peter John,

Karin Thaler-AAieslinger

SAP NetWeaver® BW and

SAP0 BusinessObjects

The Comprehensive Guide

••A ®

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Galileo Press

Bonn » Boston

Contents

Introduction 21

PART I: Business Intelligence Fundamentals

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H1.1 What is Business Intelligence? 31

1.2 Layer Model of the Bl Architecture 33

1.3 User Groups in the Enterprise 35

1.4 Data Warehousing 36

1.4.1 What Is a Data Warehouse? 37

1.4.2 Architecture of a Data Warehouse 38

1.5 Data Staging 39

1.5.1 Data Acquisition Layer 40

1.5.2 Quality and Harmonization Layer 40

1.5.3 Data Propagation Layer 41

1.5.4 Business Transformation Layer 41

1.5.5 Reporting Layer 42

1.6 Online Analytical Processing 42

1.6.1 Multidimensional Dataspaces 43

1.6.2 Extended Star Schema in SAP NetWeaver BW 47

1.6.3 Structure Anomalies 48

1.6.4 Data Retention 50

1.6.5 Usage Areas of Multidimensional Data Structures 51

1.6.6 Presentation and Navigation 51

1.7 Business Reporting 52

1.7.1 Report System Types 53

1.7.2 Periodic Reporting 54

1.7.3 Aperiodic Reporting 55

1.7.4 Ad-Hoc Reporting 56

1.7.5 Report Design 56

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Contents

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2.1 Overview 60

2.2 Main Bl Terms 61

2.2.1 Business Intelligence 63

2.2.2 Data Warehousing 67

2.2.3 Enterprise Performance Management 68

2.2.4 Enterprise Information Management 70

2.2.5 Comparison of Former and New Terms 72

2.3 New Features in SAP NetWeaver BW 7.3 73

2.3.1 InfoObjects 74

2.3.2 DataStore Object 74

2.3.3 InfoProviders 75

2.3.4 Nearline Storage 75

2.3.5 Data Flow 75

2.3.6 Extraction 76

2.3.7 Authorizations 76

2.3.8 BW Integrated Planning 77

2.3.9 SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator and SAP HANA 77

2.4 New Features in SAP BusinessObjects Bl 4.0 78

2.4.1 New Semantic Layer 78

2.4.2 SAP BusinessObjects Dashboards 79

2.4.3 SAP Crystal Reports 79

2.4.4 SAP BusinessObjects Web Intelligence 80

2.5 Using SAP NetWeaver BW 7.3 and SAP BusinessObjects Bl 4.0

Together 80

2.6 Data Modeling 82

2.6.1 Data Warehousing Workbench 83

2.6.2 DataStore Objects 88


2.6.4 Aggregates 94

2.6.5 SAP NetWeaver BW Accelerator 95

2.7 Data Staging 96

2.7.1 Creating DataSources 97

2.7.2 Creating Data Flows 97

2.7.3 Transformations 98

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Contents

2.7.4 InfoPackages 99

2.7.5 Data Transfer Process 99

2.8 Extraction 99

2.8.1 Source Systems 100

2.8.2 Extraction from Systems of the SAP Business Suite 101

2.8.3 Extraction from Non-SAP Systems 101

2.8.4 SAP BusinessObjects Data Services as an ETL Tool 102

2.9 Administration of the BW System 103

2.9.1 Process Chains 103

2.9.2 Monitoring 103

2.9.3 Transport System 104

2.9.4 Analysis Process Designer 104

2.9.5 BW Administration Cockpit 105

2.10 Analyses (Reporting) 105

2.10.1 Which Tool Should I Use, and When? 106

2.10.2 BEx Query Designer 107

2.10.3 SAP BusinessObjects Bl Platform 107

2.10.4 Excel-Based Analysis 108

2.10.5 Web-Based Analyses 109

2.10.6 Formatted Reporting 110

2.10.7 Dashboards and Office Integration 111

2.10.8 Mobile Applications 112

2.10.9 Roadmap for SAP NetWeaver BW 3.x and 7.x Users 114

2.11 Planning with BW Integrated Planning 116

2.11.1 Modeling Planning Applications 116

2.11.2 Designing the Planning Frontend 118

2.12 Outlook 120

2.12.1 SAP BusinessObjects 120

2.12.2 SAP HANA 122

PART ll: Backend

^^^^H|^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^U3.1 Data Warehousing Workbench 128

3.1.1 Structure of the Work Area 128

3.1.2 Functions of the Task Area 130

3.1.3 Data Modeling Using the Data Warehousing Workbench...

140

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Contents

3.1.4 Best Practices for Data Modeling 144

3.1.5 Naming Conventions 151

3.2 InfoObjects 155

3.2.1 Creating Characteristics and Key Figures 155

3.2.2 General Settings for the Characteristic 158

3.2.3 Business Explorer Settings for the Characteristic 160

3.2.4 Characteristic Settings for Master Data and Texts 165

3.2.5 Attributes in Characteristics 169

3.2.6 Hierarchies in Characteristics 171

3.2.7 Time Dependency 179

3.2.8 Compounding 181

3.2.9 Document Storage 183

3.2.10 Geo-Coding for Preparing Map Presentations 183

3.2.11 Characteristics as InfoProviders 185

3.2.12 General Settings for the Key Figure 186

3.2.13 Aggregation of Key Figures 187

3.2.14 Additional Settings for Key Figures 192

3.2.15 Special InfoObjects: Units and Time 193

3.2.16 Best Practices for Maintaining InfoObjects 195

3.3 DataStore Objects 198

3.3.1 DataStore Objects in the Data WarehousingArchitecture 198

3.3.2 Standard DSOs 202

3.3.3 Write-Optimized DSOs 209

3.3.4 DSOs for Direct Update 211

3.3.5 Semantic DSOs 212

3.3.6 Administration and Performance 217

3.4 InfoCubes 221

3.4.1 InfoCubes in the Data Warehousing Architecture 221

3.4.2 Standard InfoCube 224

3.4.3 Real Time-Enabled InfoCube 230

3.4.4 Semantic InfoCube 232

3.4.5 Performance and Administration 233

3.4.6 Remodeling Tool 235

3.4.7 (Re)partitioning and (Re)clustering 239

3.5 Special InfoProviders 240

3.5.1 Special Data Targets in the Data Warehousing

Architecture 240

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Contents

3.5.2 MultiProviders 242

3.5.3 InfoSet 247

3.5.4 VirtualProviders 253

3.5.5 HybridProviders 256

3.6 Aggregates and BW Accelerator 259

3.6.1 Aggregates in the Data Warehousing Architecture 259

3.6.2 Creating Aggregates 260

3.6.3 Using Aggregates 264

3.6.4 BW Accelerator 265

3.7 Data Flow 267

3.7.1 Procedure Model for Data Flow Generation 267

3.7.2 DataSources 273

3.7.3 InfoSources 279

3.7.4 Open Hub Destinations 280


3.7.6 Programming Transformation Routines 290

3.7.7 Migrating Data Flows from 3.x Systems 294

3.8 Load Processes 296

3.8.1 InfoPackages and PSA 296

3.8.2 Data Transfer Processes 303

3.8.3 Process Chains 309

3.9 Report-Report Interface 310

4.1 DataSource 316

4.2 Extraction from SAP Source Systems 317

4.2.1 Extraction of Business Content 319

4.2.2 Generic Extraction from SAP Systems 324

4.3 Extraction from Non-SAP Systems 327

4.3.1 D8 Connect 327

4.3.2 Universal Data Integration 329

4.3.3 Web Service 331

4.4 Extraction with SAP BusinessObjects Data Services 334

4.4.1 Overview 334

4.4.2 Graphic Modeling of Data Flows 335

4.4.3 DataSources 336


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Contents

4.5 integration of SAP NetWeaver BW and SAP BusinessObjectsData Services 339

4.6 Delta Capability 341

4.6.1 Delta Queue 343

4.6.2 Delta Procedure, Delta Mode, and Update Mode 344

4.6.3 Delta Processing in the BW System 346

5.1 Data Supply 349

5.2 InfoPackages 353

5.3 Process Chains 356

5.3.1 Overview 357

5.3.2 Creating Process Chains 358

5.3.3 Process Types in a Process Chain 359

5.3.4 Process Categories 361

5.4 System Monitoring 364

5.4.1 BW CCMS 365

5.4.2 Data Load Monitor 365

5.4.3 Attribute Change Run Monitor 369

5.4.4 System Load Monitor 370

5.5 Transport System 372

5.5.1 BW Object Version Management 372

5.5.2 General Transport Procedure in BW 373

5.5.3 Transport Connection in the Data Warehousing

Workbench 375

5.5.4 Special Features of BEx Elements 379

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6.1 Transaction Authorizations 382

6.1.1 Separation of Backend and Reporting 382

6.1.2 New Objects in SAP NetWeaver BW 7.30 383

6.1.3 Roles in BW 383

6.2 Analysis Authorizations 384

6.2.1 Fundamentals 385

6.2.2 Barrier Principle 386

6.2.3 Authorization Management 387

6.2.4 Authorization Maintenance 387

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Contents

6.2.5 Assignment to Users: Transactions RSU01 and SU01 393

6.2.6 Mass Maintenance Transaction RSECSY 397

6.2.7 Analysis of Authorization Checks and Authorization Log .... 400

6.2.8 Generating Authorizations 403

6.2.9 Migrating from Release BW 3.x to BW 7.x 405

6.2.10 Migrating from Release BW 7.0 to BW 7.30 406

6.3 Conclusion 407

7.1 Structure and Architecture 410

7.1.1 Bl Launchpad: Ul for End Users 416

7.1.2 Administration: Central Management Console 417

7.1.3 Transports with the Lifecycle Management Console 421

7.1.4 Transports with the Upgrade Management Tool 422

7.2 Data Providers—Common Semantic Layer and BICS 423

7.2.1 Universe Design Tool 424

7.2.2 Information Design Tool 427

7.2.3 Query as a Web Service Designer 432

7.2.4 SAP BusinessObjects Live Office 433

7.2.5 Business View Manager 436

7.3 Queries in the Clients 437

7.3.1 Result Objects 439

7.3.2 Query Filter 440

7.3.3 Data Preview 442

PART III: Frontend

8.1 SAP Business Explorer Suite 445

8.1.1 Tools 445

8.1.2 Interaction between BEx Components 447

8.2 BW Query 447

8.3 Structure of the BEx Query Designer 449


8.3.2 Work Area 451

8.3.3 Menu and Toolbar 456

8.3.4 Properties 459

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Contents

8.4 Getting Started 471

8.5 Filters 478

8.6 Structure Definition 482

8.7 Structures 483

8.8 Selection 486

8.9 Formulas 489

8.10 Calculated and Restricted Key Figures 493

8.11 Designing Variable BW Queries 494

8.11.1 BEx Variables 494

8.11.2 Pre-Queries 501

8.12 Special Functions 503

8.12.1 Local versus Global Objects 503

8.12.2 Conditions 504

8.12.3 Exceptions 507

8.12.4 Cell Definitions 509

8.12.5 Constant Selection 512

8.12.6 External Access to BW Queries 513

8.12.7 OLAP Processor 516

8.12.8 Query Monitor 517

^fif?x; i'^>!j ..^jh,',;rifiljff^^M^M^^MNMK&fl9.1 Restricting the Value Range of a Report 522

9.1.1 Variants 524

9.1.2 Personalization 526

9.2 Navigation Options 527

9.2.1 Changing Filter Values 527

9.2.2 Filtering Key Figures 530

9.2.3 Modifying the Drilldown 530

9.2.4 Back Navigation 531

9.2.5 Saving Navigation States 531

9.3 Modifying the Display of a BEx Report 531

9.3.1 Global Settings 532

9.3.2 Settings for Characteristics 534

9.3.3 Settings for Key Figures 535

9.3.4 Saving Settings 535

H

Contents

Overview 537

10.1.1 General 538

10.1.2 Architecture 540

10.1.3 Operation 541

10.1.4 Saving the Workbook 543

10.1.5 Specifying the Default Workbook 543

10.1.6 Working with Pivot Tables 544

10.1.7 Tools 545

Analysis Mode 546

10.2.1 Variable Dialog 548

10.2.2 Navigating 549

10.2.3 Adapting the Presentation 551

Design Mode 552

10.3.1 DataProvider 553

10.3.2 Design Items 554

10.3.3 Interfaces 558

10.3.4 Layout 559

3

Overview 561

11.1.1 Report Types 562

11.1.2 Data Sources 562

Getting Started 563

11.2.1 Interface 563

11.2.2 Inserting Data 565

Functions 568

11.3.1 Prompts 568

11.3.2 Filtering 569

11.3.3 Sorting 571

11.3.4 Hierarchy 572

11.3.5 Calculations 573

11.3.6 Conditional Formatting 574

11.3.7 Members, Measures, and Totals 575

11.3.8 Charts 576

Settings 577

11.4.1 Styles 577

10.1

10.2

10.3

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

15

Contents

11.4.2 info Fields 578

11.4.3 Macros 579

11.5 Presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint 580

11.5.1 Creating a Slide from Microsoft Excel 580

11.5.2 Creating a Slide in Microsoft PowerPoint 581

12.1 Overview 583

12.2 Integration with SAP NetWeaver Portal 585

12.3 Functions 586

12.3.1 Table and Graphical Display 586

12.3.2 Exceptions and Conditions 587

12.3.3 Information 591

12.3.4 Changing Variable Assignments 591

12.3.5 Export, Printing, and Broadcasting 591

12.3.6 Saving and Using Report Results 592

12.3.7 Document Functions and Comments 594

12.3.8 Modifying the Standard Web Template 595

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13.1 Overview 597

13.1.1 General 598

13.1.2 Architecture of a Web Template 600

13.1.3 BICS Structure 602

13.2 Structure of the BEx Web Application Designer 603

13.2.1 Operating the BEx Web Application Designer 605

13.2.2 Design Area 606

13.2.3 Web Items 608

13.2.4 Properties 611

13.3 Creating Web Templates 612

13.3.1 Layout Design 613

13.3.2 Creating the Web Template 614

13.3.3 Testing the Function of a Web Template 616

13.4 Advanced Functions 617

13.4.1 Language-Dependent Texts 617

13.4.2 Web Design API 619

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Contents

13.4.3 JavaScript 620

13.4.4 Integration with SAP NetWeaver Portal 621

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14.1 Structure 623


14.3 Functions 630

14.3.1 Report Elements 630

14.3.2 Sections 634

14.3.3 Variables/Formula Fields 634

14.3.4 Filter Bar 636

14.4 Ad-Hoc Analysis 637

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5

15.6

15.7

16.1

16.2

16.3

16.4

Interface Structure 640

Getting Started 643

Filters and Parameters 644

15.3.1 Dynamic Parameters 646

15.3.2 Static Parameters 647

15.3.3 BEx Variables 648

Groupings 649

Charts 653

Subreports 657

Modified Functions 660

15.7.1 Formula Workshop 660

15.7.2 Conditional Formatting 661

15.7.3 Document Settings 662

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Structure and Functions 665

Getting Started 671

Integration with SAP NetWeaver BW 679

16.3.1 Overview 679

16.3.2 Access to BW Queries 679

Components and Their Properties 682

16.4.1 Tables 682

16.4.2 Tabs 683

V

Contents

16.4.3 Charts 684

16.4.4 Maps 686

16.4.5 Buttons and Other Input Items 687

17.1 Structure 689


17.2.1 Search 691

17.2.2 Analysis 691

17.2.3 Calculated Measures 692

17.2.4 Filtering and Sorting 693

17.2.5 Changing the Analysis Details 694

17.2.6 Table Display 694

17.2.7 Analysis Types 695

17.2.8 Export Options 697

17.3 Administration 698

17.3.1 Roles 699

17.3.2 Creating and Maintaining Information Spaces 699

PART IV: Evaluations on BW Basis

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^18.1 Overview of the Planning Process 704

18.2 Modeling of Data Retention 706

18.3 Planning Modeling in ABAP or Java 707

18.3.1 Selecting Real Time-Enabled InfoProviders 708

18.3.2 Aggregation Levels 709

18.3.3 Restricting Aggregation Levels with a Filter 711

18.3.4 Planning Functions 712

18.3.5 Planning Sequences 714

18.4 BW Query: Creating Input Masks with the BEx Query Designer 714

19.1 Overview of SAP Consolidation Solutions 717

19.2 Fields of Implementation for SAP SEM-BCS 719

19.2.1 Benefits of a Consolidated Financial Statement 719

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Contents

19.2.2 Preparations for the Creation of a Financial Statement 720

19.2.3 Consolidation 720

19.3 The Concept of SAP SEM-BCS 722

19.3.1 Architecture of SAP SEM-BCS 722

19.3.2 Structure of SAP SEM-BCS 723

19.3.3 Data Model 725

19.3.4 Reporting 727

19.4 Process of Creating a Financial Statement 727

19.4.1 Supply of Company Data 727

19.4.2 Currency Translation 728

19.4.3 Consolidation Functions 729

19.5 Summary 733

A Abbreviations 737

B Glossary 741

C Bibliography 753

D Tables 755

E Transactions 759

F SAP Notes 765

F.1 Extraction 765

F.1.1 DB Connect 765

F.1.2 Real-Time Data Acquisition 765

F.2 Modeling 766

F.3 VirtualProviders 766

F.4 Business Content 766

F.5 Reporting 767

F.6 BW Integrated Planning 767

F.7 SAP BusinessObjects 767

F.8 SAP NetWeaver BW in Production 768

G The Authors 769

Index

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sap netweaver bw and sap businessobjects : the ... · pdf file2.4.2 sapbusinessobjects...

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