sap basis docs

Q. What is difference between Application Server & central instance?

Ans.

Central instance have message server and dialog, update, spool, enque, gateway, background work processes.

Application server has only Dialog, update, spool, gateway and Background workprocess.

Note: SAP server has only one message server and Enque server.

Q. What is difference between consolidated & delivery routs.

Ans.

In a 3 system landscape, transports from development and quality is called Consolidation Route (this can have target groups & CTC).

Transports route from Quality to production is called delivery route.

Q. What are the prerequisites for applying a support pack? What is the Procedure for applying support packs?

Download the Support Patches from market place.

Login through 000 client with user DDIC.

Go to Transaction SAPM.

From the menu support packages - > load package -> from Front End..

Then Select display button in the screen and select the patch and gives import.

Import the Package queue.

Take care that no users are in online while u upload the support packages.

Q. Auto Start SAP on Windows Instance

Use transaction RZ10 to edit your startup profile. Add the following entry:

* Autostart = 1

Then save the profile. Next time your server reboots, your SAP instance will come up automatically!

Q. What is the procedure for applying sap notes to sap system?

Goto Tcode SNOTE.

GOTO Menu -> Download SAPNote.

Give the Note No.

After downloading check the status. If it shows that it can be implemented.

Then Select that Note goto Menu SAPNote -> implement Note.

Q. How to lock SAP Client? Is there any Tcode to lock the particular Client…?

Execute Transaction code SE37.

Enter the Functional Module SCCR_LOCK_CLIENT.

Execute this and enter the client u need to lock.

Q. Change the default Support Pack Path

It is because the path is defined in the parameter DIR_EPS_ROOT.

Q. SAP ECC6.0 Installation Steps

1. Once the Linux OS is over u configure the network card and change the Host name .

2. Install JDK and saplocales.

3. Then add the java home in profile file.

4. Modify the parameters in sysctl.conf.

5. Before install oracle u have to change the parameters in limits.conf. (Installation guide for oracle in linux is available from oracle site)

6. Install SAP by executing sapinst.

7. In the 3rd phase it will ask u to create user for oracle (user should be ora<ianstancename>). Suppose if u r going to install oracle in middle of sapinstallation only.

Rest SAP will handle own its own.

Q. STAT, STAD and ST03N tcode is showing error “RFC error, No performance data collected”.

Start SAP standard job SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR(program RSCOLL00).

Q. What is the difference between client 000 & 001? Why we use client 000 for client copy, why don’t 001?

000 client is standard client and contain client independent setting. 000 client contain simple organizational structure of test company and include all parameter for application, standard setting

001 client is copy of 000 client. It is reserve for the activity for preparing the system for production system.

Q. Which are the default SAP background jobs run for Basis data?

SAP_REORG_JOBS

SAP_REORG_SPOOL

SAP_REORG_BATCHINPUT

SAP_REORG_ABAPDUMPS

SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_JOBSTATISTIC

SAP_COLLECTOR_FOR_PERFMONITOR

RSPO1043

Q. What are Homogenous system copy and Heterogeneous system copy and how you will do that?

Homogenous- Same OS +Same DB

Heterogeneous- Different OS+ Different DB or Same DB.

Q. What is SAPS?

The SAP Application Performance Standard (SAPS) is a hardware-independent unit that describes the performance of a system configuration in the SAP environment.

Q. Which table space, gets filled frequently and we add datafile to that?

PSAPBTABD/I, PSAPSTABD/I, PSCAPLUCD etc.

Q. What is SAP NETWEAVER, SAP XI, SAP BIW, SAP WAS and SAP BI.

What is difference between these?

1. SAPNW - Netweaver is a web based technology includes java, based on your installation choices during software installation. It includes BI/XI/EP and different level of it’s configuration.

2. BI: It is an OLAP (on line analytical processing), which provides a plate form to collect the data and user extract the data from BI or BW (older version) to analyze it

3. EP: Enterprise portal provides web based secure access to all the application, services and information. you can log in to EP using host name:port#/ <service name> and user name and password

4. SAP -XI: Exchange Infrastructure is used to establish a cross system connections between system by different vendors and versions

5. Web AS: Web Application Server is the platform for ABAP and J2EE stacks in Netweaver.

1. What has changed since the performance is poor?

* o System Parameter Changes (RZ10)? o Increase in the number of users? o Kernel patch? o Support Packages? o Linux and Oracle patches? o Hardware Changes?

2. Any signs of general problems in the System Log - SM21?

3. Places to look:

* SM50: → Process → Trace → Components – is there a Trace level set? Is it greater than 1? What is the utilization of the work processes? Click the white clock picture-icon. Is the total CPU for the last dialog process > 10 minutes? * ST04: Is the database monitor activated? If yes, it should deactivated it in normal operation. ST02: Check the buffering quality. If paging occurs in a buffer, the corresponding parameter should be increased. Also refer to SAP Note 121625 in this context. * ST03: → Select a server → Today’s Workload: What are the response times? In the case of poor response times, where is most of the time needed? Button ‘Top Time’: Are there a lot of different transactions with poor response times or are there only a few? Is a certain transaction always slow or only sometimes? * ST06: → Detail analysis menu → Hardware Info. To which extent are the hardware resources utilized? CallST06 at times with poor system performance. What is the CPU utilization? → Goto → Current Data → Snapshot → Top CPU processes and display the main CPU consumers. What is the utilization of the disks? How high is the paging in the base pool?

4. If only few transactions are affected by the performance problem, you should additionally note the following points:

1. Check whether modifications were made in the affected or related transactions.

2. ST03: Display the corresponding performance records.

3. SE30: Carry out a runtime analysis for the affected transactions.

4. ST05: If the database times are high, you should generate an SQL trace of the affected transactions to find out whether the database access is carried out in a useful way.

5. Look for tables that have experienced unusual monthly growth.

1. DB02 → Space Statistics button

2. Press Enter on the Tables and Indexes popup

3. History → All objects off/on

4. Click the Months button

5. Click on the first number under the Rows – Chg/Month header and click the Sort button.

6. The sorted results shows the top tables when it comes to rows changes per month. These tables are your “database hogs”.

6. What is considered “normal” response time?

Performance Standards:

Response time – 1 second (dialog), < 1 second (update)

CPU time – approx 40% of average response time

Wait time – < 1% of average response time

Load time – < 10% of average response time

DB request time — approx 40% of average response time

Database Standards:

Direct reads – < 10 ms

Sequential reads– < 40 ms

Changes – < 25 ms

High Value Indications:

DB request time –- Database or index problems

Load time – Buffer problems

Wait time – Not enough work processes

Locked tasks

Long running transactions

Whether you are trying to start a brand new SAP instance, or an old one, there are some very specific places to look for information.

If this is a brand new SAP instance, and the installation completed 100% successfully, you know that the instance itself must be viable. If your installaion was never able to

complete due to the instance not being able to start up, the issue is probably due to lack of resources. Use the sapinst directory to search the installation logs and find your problem. Sort them with “ls – ltr” is see the list sorted in descending order for the ease of viewing.

If you have a test searching tool, look for “error” in all files with the suffix “.log”.

If your SAP instance has been up and running fine for a good while, then something has probably changed that makes it not come up.

· have you changed any instance paramters?

· did you do a kernel replacement for some reason?

· have there been SAP Support Packages applied that might

necessitate a kernel replacement?

· have there been OS patches?

· is the database archiver stuck or hosed?

· has a crucial directory run out of space?

· has a semaphore or ipc segment gotten stuck from a previous run?

· is your memory so fragmented that it can’t get enough primary space to start the instance?

· has someone changes the directory privileges?

To investigate an unsuccessful start up, look at the logs in the /home/<sid>adm directory. Sort them with “ls – ltr” is see the list sorted in descending order for the ease of viewing.

If nothing obvious is found, go to the /usr/sap/<SID>/DVEBMGS00/work directory and do the same thing in this directory. The most useful information can be found in the dev_wx, dev_ms, dev_disp, dev_rfcx, and stderrx files.

If all else fails, zip the contains of the /usr/sap/<SID>/DVEBMGS00/work directory, open a problem with SAP, and attach the zipped file to it. Also provide them with the answers to the above questions as well as your current hardware and database platforms, patch level for SAP support packages, kernel, and the OS, and anything else you might think useful.

The Delicate Art of SAP Note Search

How often have you seen a posted message saying “I have searched through SAP Notes and can find nothing related to this matter.”? And how often have you gone to SAP Marketplace and done a search yourself and found a hit? If we only had a had a nickle…

Searching SAP Notes (formerly known as OSS notes) is a science as well as an art. Lets use this error message as an example:

”BR051I BRBACKUP 6.10 (80) BR055I Start of database backup: bdmsqjbi.anf 2004-02-27 00.05.42 BR602W No valid SAP license found - please contact SAP”

First, you should search the specific error message “BR602W No valid SAP license found”. If you get at least one hit, you should read the SAP Note even if it didn’t look as if it pertained 100%. Why? Because it might contain information leading to other notes that did pertain, or give you new ideas for more search terms to help narrow the scope of my query.

If you didn’t find a note that matched the problem, you could make your next search a little less specifc, like “brbackup No valid SAP license found”. First you could search for the phrase, and if you had no luck, you could search for all words. And if that produced nothing tangible, you could make it even less specific as in “brbackup SAP license error” or “SAP license error”.

Normally a very specific query will get you the results you need. But sometimes things get lost in translation. For example, you are applying support packages and get an import error with the following message “Panic! Panic! Panic! there’s no object header”. Since we speak English and we realize that the SAP product was designed and implemented in Germany, we have to guess that the English word “Panic!” somehow was translated from the German word “Warning!” and that we can temporarily delay a panick attack until we can research the error. Moral of the story? Realize that some things just don’t translate correctly from language to language, and search accordingly. If you searched for “Panic! Panic! Panic!” and got no hits, you could try “warning message no object header”.

Last, and not least, read and become familiar with your SAP Notes. There are certain notes that you pull over and over again due to some task that needs fresh, current and precise information. These are mostly lists of supported printer devices, known problems with applying patches, etc.

If a user seems to be experiencing SAPGui errors, several things need to be checked:

· Is the operating system on the user’s workstation patched to the level recommended by SAP?

· Is the user using a version of SAPGui that is too old for his workstation?

· Is the user using a version of SAPGui that is not certified for his operating system?

· Is the user’s workstation having resource problems?

· Is the user’s workstation connected to the LAN?

· Can a different user reproduce the same error on the same workstation?

· Are there any SAPGui patches that have not been applied?

Most SAPGui problems can be solved by either a) deleting and reinstalling SAPGui on the workstation, or b) deleting and installing a newer version of SAPGui.

Make sure that these lines were added to the services file on the user’s workstation:

After you have successfully configured your SAPGui, add these three lines to the bottom of your \Windows\system32\drivers\etc\services file:

sapdp00 3200/tcp

sapmsR3I 3600/tcp

#

If you have SAP Instances using System Numbers other than 00, you will have to add their equivalents to the services file as well. Also, check if you are having connection problems due to firewall restrictions. And, be sure that your Insert Key is set so that you can type your password in properly – you can delete whatever is in the password field in order to enter your password.

If you have never tested connectivity to a SAP instance on the workstation having the connection problem, first you need to make sure that the workstation can connect to the SAP server in some non-SAPGui way. Let’s say your user us trying to connect to System ID (SID) DEV, System Number 00, and IP address 10.1.10.11. Open a DOS-Windows and type this:

telnet 10.1.10.11 3200¬

If the screen rolls and goes totally blank then your dispatcher is reachable. You can close the DOS session. If your window never goes completely blank and you set a “Connecting To 10.1.10.11… Could not open connection to the host, on port 3200: Connect failed” error message right under the command you entered, the dispatcher is not reachable. Also, make sure the \Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file on the workstation is correct.

For information regarding operating system, resource, and hardware requirements for running SAPGui, see SAP Note 26417 -SAP GUI Resources: Hardware and software.

the CUA Parent Client

If CUA stops sending changes from DEV to QAS or PRD, something in the RFC setup has changed. Either the password or the user type for RFC_USER was changed, or the SM59 RFC connection to was changed and is no longer working.

Use SCUL in DEV in your DEV CUA parent to list the errors that are occurring. Look for the user you tried to transport but could not. You might see “You are not authorized to change users in group” or “No authorization for group users in role”. This does not mean that YOU are not authorized, it means that the RFC_USER doing the ALE communication between the SAP systems is not authorized.

First, reset the RFC_USER password in DEV, QAS, and PRD. And make sure that the user type is Communication and not dialog. Now go to sm59 and do remote logins using the QAS RFC connections. If they work (ie nothing seems to happen after you click the remote logon button) everything should now be fixed. If you get a logon screen for QAS, change the password in the sm59 screen to the same password you changed RFC_USER to in DEV and QAS.

Retry your user change. If it still doesn’t go to QAS, maybe the QAS system is hosed and down.

Local Client Copy - SCCL-----------------------------

Step by Step Procedure to create a copy of a client locally in the same SAP server.

1. Logon to SAP server

2. Use Transaction Code SCC4

3. Go to change mode

4. Create a new client, assign client number & description as per request

5. Logoff from current client.

6. Login to newly created client using the following credentials :

i. Client Number : Newly created one

ii. User Id : SAP*

iii. Password : PASS

7. Use Transaction Code SCCL for local client copy

8. Give reference client for copy and profile as per the request

9. Use SCC3 Transaction code to monitor progress of Client Copy.

Golden rules for CLIENT Copies

1. Master data can not be copied without copying transactional data and transactional data can not be copied without copying master data.

2. Application data (transactional and master) should not be copied without copying configuration data.

3. Client copy requires a valid client as the destination client. Make sure that the client exists in T000 table and you can logon to that client.

4. The transport system and the transport management system of 4.0 are the only proper tool to be use to keep multiple systems in sync by transporting development and customizing changes to another instance.

5. When you copy a client from one system to another, client-independent tables should only be copied if they are not yet modified in the target system.

6. We recommend the users to read all the OSS notes regarding client copy that applies to their SAP release. It is always better to schedule the client copy job in the background for the night run when normal work is not taking place.

7. Always check the database space before performing a client copy.

8. To avoid data inconsistencies all the users working in the source and target clients should logoff from the system.

9. RSCLICHK program should be run in the target system remotely before doing a client export. This program will give information about the missing definitions from the data dictionary in the target. After executing this program and getting successful results you can ensure that the client copy will have no problems. In case some tables are different; you can use SE11 to compare and adjust the table structure in both the system before the client copy. A remote test client copy also can be executed to know the differences between source client and target client.

10. If you are not in release 2.2 then do not use R3trans to copy a client.

Kill the Work process--------------------------

Stopping Run-Away or “Bad” Work Processes

1. Log on to any client in the appropriate SAP system.

2. Go to transaction SM50.

3. On the Process Overview screen, find the process which must be

stopped. Place a √ in the □ to the left of the process number

to be stopped by pressing Space. On the top-most menu bar,

click the Process → Cancel without core.

4. Click the blue arrow circle picture-icon to refresh the Process

Overview screen until the stopped process has cleared from the

display.

5. You may now leave the SM50 transaction.

If this does not kill the process, you can go to transaction SM04 and kill the user’s session. If this does not kill the process, you can log on to the server, open a Task Manager session, and End the Process. If this does not kill the session, there is an

executable in the RUN directory on the server called sapntkill.exe. Run it providing the process ID number. If none of the above work, you have no choice but to “bounce” the SAP instance and/or possibly the serve.

Creating RFC Connection

This procedure should allow the Basis team to create a RFC connection in any SAP server.


2. Use Transaction Code SM59

3. On SM59 screen click on “Create” button

4. On the new screen, give RFC destination name – Name by which the connection would be identified

5. Give Connection Type ( 3 for any SAP to SAP communication ) F4 Help will list down all possible types of connections

6. Give Description for the RFC Connection – Generally the purpose of the connection is mentioned here

7. Click SAVE

8. Give IP address/Host name and system number for destination server in Technical Settings tab

9. Click SAVE

10. Use “Test Connection” to check RFC.

11. If Trusted RFC connection is required, give user credentials in “Logon/Security” tab

Transporting a Client: ----------

Procedure: To transport clients from one system to another, go to System Administration then choose Tools -> Administration -> Client admin->Client transport -> Client export or transaction SCC8. In the client transport screen you can select a copy profile that matches your requirements and the target system in your CTS pipeline. Then you can execute the client export in the background or online. Before the client export starts, a popup screen shows all the information about the command files that will be created after the client export is done. After the process starts. You can watch the export process in client copy log using transaction SCC3.

After the client export procedure is completed, if you chose the client independent data then three transports are created in /usr/sap/trans/cofiles or there will be two transports:

<sid>KO<no> for the client-independent data ( if selected). For example if the client export is done from development client 100 then the file will look like DEVKO0001.

<sid>KT<no> for the client-specific data. For example DEVKT0001

<sid>KX<no> for the SAPscript objects as Texts and forms. For example DEVKX0001

The data export is performed automatically. The output of the export includes the name of the COMMFILE that has to be imported. The following data files will be created in/usr/sap/trans/data directory using the same example given above:

For client dependent data: /usr/sap/trans/data/RT00001.DEV /usr/sap/trans/data/DX00001.DEV

For client independent customizing data: /usr/sap/trans/data/RO00001.DEV

For SAPscript data of a client: /usr/sap/trans/data/SX00011.DEV

Tips: Make sure that all the cofiles and the datafiles exist in the data and cofile directories before starting the import phase.

Then add all the command files to the buffer by using the TP command in /usr/sap/trans/bin directory as following:

tp addtobuffer <cofile name> <target sid name> Using the above example cofile: tp addtobuffer devkt00001 qas (if qas is our target system)

tp addtobuffer devko00001 qas tp addtobuffer devkx00001 qas

Then logon as <sid>adm to the target system and then use then import the transports as following:

tp import devkt00001 qas client100 u148 – For the client dependent data tp import devko00001 qas client100 u148 – For client independent data

(In the above example QAS is the target system and 100 is the target client)

After you import a client from another system, you must perform post-processing, activities in order to adapt the runtime environment to the current state of the data. To execute post-processing, choose Tools -> Administration- >Client admin ->Client transport->client import or transaction SCC7. Transaction SCC7 will take you to the client import post-processing screen . In that screen the transport from the last tp import is proposed. Please check the transport number and if every thing is according to the order then press enter and that will take care of the post processing activities. You can also use SCC2 to execute the same process as in transaction SCC7. During this process, the SAPscript texts are imported and application reports are generated. If there are inconsistencies, you need to repeat the import after checking the log.

If you get any problem importing the SAPscript objects then use the RSTXR3TR program in the target client to import those. In this screen you can enter the transport request for the SAPscript object. According to the above example devkx00001. In the second line you need to enter the path for the SAPscript data file as following:

/usr/sap/trans/data/<data file for the SAPscript objects> /usr/sap/trans/SX00001.DEV (using the above example)

You can choose the import option from the “mode” option. Then you can continue to execute the program and it will successfully complete the import of SAPscript objects to the target client.

Up to release 3.0, RSCLIEXP program can be used to create the command files. The tp command is used to do the import as we have seen before and the RSCLIIMP program is executed for the post-processing activities and the consistency of data. Using the transport procedure in 4.0

In 4.0 after the client is exported from the source system using transaction SCC8 as we have seen in the client export section, the following transport files are created.

<sid>KO<no>: For the client-independent data (if the copy profile selected includes client independent data:

<sid>KR<no>: For the client-specific data.

<sid>KX<no>: For the Texts and forms.

When all the above transports get released from the source system, the data is exported to the data files of /usr/sap/trans/data directory automatically. The cofiles are also created in the /usr/sap/trans/cofiles directory.

Then the command files need to be added to the buffer for the import using the format from the cofiles as following:

* Logon to the target system as <sid>adm * cd /usr/sap/trans/bin - Change to the transport directory * tp addtobuffer <command file-name> <target-sys-id> - Adds to the buffer

If you are transporting to a new client then the new client should be created in the target system. Then you can start the import into the target system as shown in the following UNIX example:

tp import <target-sys-id> client<target-client> from /usr/sap/trans/bin directory

After the “tp import” process completes successfully, start transaction SCC2 and then execute the import into the target client. This process imports all the SAPscript objects and generates all the programs. After the client is imported successfully, you should perform the post-processing activities by using the following path:

Tools ->Administration->Client admin->Client transport->Post-process import.

After the post processing is done, we recommend doing table compare between the source client and the target client to check all the client dependent and independent tables for consistency.

Local Client Copy - SCCL--------------------

Step by Step Procedure to create a copy of a client locally in the same SAP server.


2. Use Transaction Code SCC4

3. Go to change mode

4. Create a new client, assign client number & description as per request

5. Logoff from current client.

6. Login to newly created client using the following credentials :


ii. User Id : SAP*

iii. Password : PASS

7. Use Transaction Code SCCL for local client copy

8. Give reference client for copy and profile as per the request

9. Use SCC3 Transaction code to monitor progress of Client Copy.

Golden rules for CLIENT Copies











Creating Remote Client Copy SCC9---------------

Step by Step Procedure to copy a Client to the Remote SAP Server.

* Logon to destination SAP server

* Use Transaction Code SCC4

* Go to change mode

* Create a new client, assign client number & description as per request

* Logoff from current client.

* Login to newly created client in destination SAP server using the following credentials :


ii User Id : SAP*

iii Password : PASS

* Use Transaction Code SM59 to create a RFC Connection for client copy if does not exist already.

* RFC Connection should have Target Server as Destination and the test results should say “Connection test OK”

* Use SCC9 Transaction code to go to client copy screen.

* Give profile as per the request.

* Select RFC destination created for the purpose for the source client to client copy

* Use Transaction code SCC3 for monitoring the progress of client copy

___________________________________________________________________Golden rules for CLIENT Copies











Steps for SAP System Copy-------------------------------

1. Take offline backup of both the server (source and target servers)

2. Verify the backup is successfully done.

3. Run the following command on source system.

a. Login as adm

b. svrmgrl

c. connect internal

d. alter database backup controlfile to trace;

e. exit;

f. Above command will generate a .trc file in /oracle/P01/saptrance/usertrace directory.

g. Copy the text from CREATE CONTROLFILE until the (;) and paste it in to any new .sql or controlfile.sql file.

h. Copy the controlfile.sql to target system..

i. Edit the file and replace the entire source SID to target SID.

j.. Edit the reuse database command with the set database command

4. Copy the generated during the backup file from the source system to target system. (/oracle//sapbackup)

a. Change all the source to target .

b. Only don’t change the backup volume name it must be target system .

c. Copy the above aft file name line from the source back.log to target.log file.

5. Shutdown the target server instance.

6. From this onwards all the command on the target system only.

a. Login as Orasid

b. run the brtools

c. select Restore/Recovery

d. select Full restore and recovery

e. select Select backup type

f. Select the offline backup which you want to restore.

g. It will take some time to restore.

h. Once the database is restored login as orasid and run the

i. svrmgrl

j. connect internal;

k. startup nomount (if the database is already mounted shutdown it using the shutdown command)

l. run the following command

m. @controlfile.sql (file name of the control file contains the CREATE CONTROLFILE statement)

n. After the run the above command it should give the “Statement Processed)

o. alter database open resetlogs

p. shutdown

q. Start the database and SAP services using startup.

7. After this you have to reconfigure the STMS.

8. All the jobs also you have to reconfigure and reschedule.

9. Reconfigure all the printers.

10. If you want to change the Client number then use the local copy tool and remove the original client after successful import to new client.

Replace SAP Splash Logo: Change default SAP Logo on front screen.

1. Identify a picture to replace the existing SAP logo. This picture can be in any valid picture format - gif, bmp, jpg. But convert it to jpg since that is the smallest available picture type. Store the picture somewhere on your workstation.

2. Go to transaction SMW0.

3. On the SAP Web Repository: Initial Screen, click “on” the radio button for Binary data for WebRFC applications, and click the Find icon or press F8. On the SAP Web Repository: Objection selection screen, click the Execute icon or press F8.

4. On the SAP Web Repository: Object display screen, first make sure that the mime extension exists for your picture type. Click Settings -> Maintain MIME types. Look to the far right of the Data Browser: Table MIMETYPES Select Entries screen, and if you don’t see your file type - gif, jpg, bmp - then you need to add it. Once you at done, back out to SAP Web Repository: Object display screen.

5. Now you can upload your picture. Click the Create icon or press F5. Fill in the name of your picture and a brief description and click the Import icon. Then provide the location of your picture and load it in.

6. Go to transaction SM30. Fill in the table name SSM_CUST and click Maintain.

7. On the Change View “Set Values for the Session Manager / Profile Generator” screen, click New Entries and add an entry called START_IMAGE and set the value to the name of your picture created in step #5. Then press the Save icon.

You have replaced the SAP splash screen picture. Log off and back on to view your work!

UNIX Kernel Patch: UNIX Kernel Replacement---------

1. Download the two necessary archives - SAPEXE.SAR and SAPEXEDB.SAR - from SAP MarketPlace. There files can be found at http://service.sap.com/patches. Be careful that your Basis level is high enough to use the patch level of the files you download. For example, if your SAP instance is on Basis level 39 and the description of one of the SAPEXE.SAR files is Stack 42, you need to download a SAPEXE.SAR of a lower level.

2. Once both files have been downloaded, log on to the UNIX server as <sid>adm and copy them up to a directory on the UNIX server - I use one called /usr/sap/trans/NewKernel. unCAR the files with SAPCAR command “sapcar -xvf “SAPEXE*.SAR”.

3. As <sid>adm, stop the SAP instance. Log on as ora<sid> and stop the TNS listener, and log on as root and stop saposcol.

4. Make a backup of your run directory before patching. I usually create a /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/backup_run and copy all the files in /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run to it.

5. Copy all the files unCARed in step 2 to /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run. If prompted, overwrite all.

6. Change the owner of saposcol to root, sapdba & all br* files to ora<sid>, and all the rest to <sid>adm.

7. Start saposcol, the TNS listeners, and the SAP instance.

8. You have patched your UNIX SAP kernel. If you run into any problems starting your SAP instances, stop everything, rename the directories /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run to /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/bad_run and /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/backup_run to /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/run to restore your old kernel.

Add an Object to a Transport-----------------------------

To add an object to a existing unreleased transport, you must do the following:

1. Log on to the client in which the main transport was created.

2. Go to transaction se10 and pull up a list containing the main transport.

3. High-light the main transport in the list - not the subtasks contained in the list - and click Ctrl+F11.

4. Turn “on” the radio button “Freely selected objects” that appears in the popup and press Enter or click the Copy button.

5. In the “Include objects in request” screen, turn “on” the “Selected Objects in the Selection by type and name” section.

6. Check “on” the check box on the appropriate line, and enter the name of the object to be added to the transport - ZPROGRAM in our case. Click the Execute button or press F8.

7. On the “Include objects in request” screen, click the “Include Request” button or press F9. You will see a confirmation message in the status bar at the bottom of the screen.

Now you can release your transport and let it move to QAS!

How to set-up and open a REMOTE SERVICE CONNECTION WITH SAP-----------------------

1. Set-up a remote network connection to SAP. 2. Install SAP router on a Windows machine. 3. Install SAPCRYPTOLIB on the same machine. 4. Check the saprouttab file : a) you should have only one in your system and b) it should look like this:

P 10.1.1.* 194.117.106.129 *

P 10.1.1.* 194.117.106.130 *

P 194.117.106.129 10.1.1.61 3200

5. Test you connection to SAP by DOS cd: ping sapserv1.

6. Go to http://service.sap.com/system-data.

7. Go to the Problem Solving tab.

8. Go to the Connecting to SAP tab.

9. Click on Maintain Connections

10. Click on “Display all systems”

11. Double click on your system ID

12. The Service Connection-System ID page opens.

13. Click on Systemdata – next to Logbook

14. Under System tab, scroll down to SAP-router, and look for an edit icon to the right. Click on the edit icon, and enter the saprouter’s NETBIOS name, and under Service-port enter 3299.

15. Under DB server tab click on the change icon and enter the NETBIOS name of the server, along with the local IP address. Unless you have two saprouters, do not enter anything under Additional SAP-Router field.

16. Under Appl.Server tab do the same thing. If you have a system that has the db server and the application server running on it, then the IP address will be the same.

17. On a workstation (Windows XP) that has the SAP GUI, install Service Connector from SAP’s site.

18. Install on the same machine LOP (Line Opener program).

19. To set-up the maximum time for SAP connection, click on Semi-Automatic Opening and enter the number of days for connecting to SAP.

When you are done installing then, run first SAPServiceConnector, and the LOP.After less than a minute, you can check on the SAP website if the connection is open.

SAP Startup Problems in Windows------------------------

Troubleshooting SAP Startup Problems in Windows-----

There’s probably nothing worse than not being able to start your SAP system … Especially the production system! Aside from the operating system and the database server you must pay close attention to certain places in SAP to find out what caused the problem and how to solve it. Here are the two places you will definitely need to check: EventViewer (Application and System logs) and the SAP Management Console (MMC).

EventViewer can provide useful information and it may help you pinpoint where the problem resides. The SAP MMC gives you the ability to visually see the system status (green, yellow or red lights), view the work processes status and view the developer traces, which are stored in the “work” directory. Example: \usr\sap\TST\DVEBMGS00\work.

For a central SAP instance to start successfully, both the message server and the dispatcher need to start. If one of them or both fail to start, users cannot log in to the system. The following scenarios will illustrate possible causes of why an SAP instance might not start and the reason of the message:

“*** DISPATCHER EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ***”.

Things you need to get familiar with:

Developer Traces:

– dev_disp Dispatcher developer trace– dev_ms Message Server developer trace– dev_wp0 Work process 0 developer trace

The “services” file, which contains TCP and UDP services and their respective port numbers. This plain-text configuration file is located under %winnt%/system32/drivers/etc.

Windows Task Manager (TASKMGR.exe). Dispatcher Monitor (DPMON.exe), which is located under \usr\sap\<SID>\sys\exe\run. Database logs. EventViewer (EVENTVWR.exe).

TROUBLESHOOTING SAP STARTUP PROBLEMS

Scenario 1: Dispatcher does not start due to a port conflict

Symptoms

No work processes (disp+work.exe) exist in Task Manager.

Dispatcher shows status “stopped” in the SAP MMC.

Errors found in “dev_disp”:

***LOG Q0I=> NiPBind: bind (10048: WSAEADDRINUSE: Address already in use) [ninti.c 1488] *** ERROR => NiIBind: service sapdp00 in use [nixxi.c 3936]*** ERROR => NiIDgBind: NiBind (rc=-4) [nixxi.c 3505]*** ERROR => DpCommInit: NiDgBind [dpxxdisp.c 7326]*** DP_FATAL_ERROR => DpSapEnvInit: DpCommInit*** DISPATCHER EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ***

Problem Analysis

Possible causes for error messages above:

Address already in use Service sapdp00 in use The TCP port number assigned in the “services” file is being occupied by another application. Due to the conflict, the dispatcher shuts down.

Solution

If your server has a firewall client, disable it and attempt to start the SAP instance again.

If the instance starts successfully you can enable the client firewall back again.

If there is no firewall client at all, or if disabling it did not resolve the problem, edit the “services” file and check what port the appropriate “sapdp” is using.

If the instance number is 00, look for sapdp00. If the instance number is 01 look for sapdp01 and so on. You can use the following OS command to help you resolve port conflicts:

netstat -p TCP

There are also utilities on the Internet that can help you list all the TCP and UDP ports a system is using.

Scenario 2: Dispatcher dies due to a database connection problem

Symptoms

No database connections.

No work processes.

SAP MMC -> WP Table shows all processes as “ended”.

Errors found in “dev_disp”:

C setuser ‘tst’ failed — connect terminated

C failed to establish conn. 0

M ***LOG R19=> tskh_init, db_connect (DB-Connect 000256) [thxxhead.c 1102]M in_ThErrHandle: 1M *** ERROR => tskh_init: db_connect (step 1, th_errno 13, action 3, level 1) [thxxhead.c 8437]*** ERROR => W0 (pid 2460) died [dpxxdisp.c 11651]*** ERROR => W1 (pid 2468) died [dpxxdisp.c 11651]*** ERROR => W2 (pid 2476) died [dpxxdisp.c 11651]. . . *** ERROR => W11 (pid 2552) died [dpxxdisp.c 11651]*** ERROR => W12 (pid 2592) died [dpxxdisp.c 11651]my types changed after wp death/restart 0xbf –> 0×80*** DP_FATAL_ERROR => DpEnvCheck: no more work processes*** DISPATCHER EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ***DpModState: change server state from STARTING to SHUTDOWN

Problem Analysis

A connection to the database could not be established because either the SQL login specified in parameter “dbs/mss/schema” is set incorrectly or the SQL login was deleted from the database server. This parameter needs to be set in the DEFAULT.pfl system profile (under \usr\sap\<SID>\sys\profile). In the messages above, we see that the SQL login ‘tst’ is expected but it does not exist at the database level.

Solution

Set the entry to the appropriate database owner. If the system is based on Basis <= 4.6 or if the system was upgraded from 4.x to 4.7 the database owner should be “dbo”. But, if the system was installed from scratch and it’s based on the Web AS 6.x the database

owner should match the SID name in lower case. Example: if the SID is TST then the database owner should be “tst”. If the parameter is set correctly in the DEFAULT.pfl profile check at the database level if the SQL login exists. If it doesn’t, create it and give it database ownership to the <SID>.

Scenario 3: SAP does not start at all: no message server and no dispatcher

Symptoms

The message server and the dispatcher do not start at all in the SAP MMC.

The following error when trying to view the developer traces within the SAP MMC: The network path was not found.

No new developer traces written to disk (under the “work” directory.)

Problem Analysis

The network shares “saploc” and “sapmnt” do not exist. That explains the “network path not found” message when attempting to view the developer traces within the SAP MMC.

Solution

Re-create the “saploc” and “sapmnt” network shares. Both need to be created on the \usr\sap directory.

Scenario 4: Users get ‘No logon possible’ messages when they attempt to log in

Symptoms

Work processes start but no logins are possible.

Users get the login screen but the system does not log them in. Instead, they get this error: No logon possible (no hw ID received by mssg server). In the SAP MMC, the message server (msg_server.exe) shows status “stopped”.

The dev_ms file reports these errors:

[Thr 2548] *** ERROR => MsCommInit: NiBufListen(sapmsTST) (rc=NIESERV_UNKNOWN) [msxxserv.c 8163][Thr 2548] *** ERROR => MsSInit: MsSCommInit [msxxserv.c 1561][Thr 2548] *** ERROR => main: MsSInit [msxxserv.c 5023]

[Thr 2548] ***LOG Q02=> MsSHalt, MSStop (Msg Server 2900) [msxxserv.c 5078]

Problem Analysis

Work processes were able to start but the message server was not. The reason is because the “services” file is missing the SAP System Message Port entry. Example: SAPmsTST 3600/tcp

Solution

Edit the “services” file and add the entry. Then, re-start the instance. Make sure you specify the appropriate TCP port (e.g. 3600) for the message server.

Scenario 5: The message server starts but the dispatcher doesn’t

Symptoms

The dispatcher shows status “stopped” in the SAP MMC.

The “dev_disp” file shows these errors:

***LOG Q0A=> NiIServToNo, service_unknown (sapdp00) [nixxi.c 2580]*** ERROR => DpCommInit: NiDgBind [dpxxdisp.c 7326]*** DP_FATAL_ERROR => DpSapEnvInit: DpCommInit*** DISPATCHER EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ***

Problem Analysis

The keyword in the messages above is “service unknown” followed by the entry name “sapdp00″. The dispatcher entry “sapdp00″ is missing in the “services” file. Example: sapdp00 3200/tcp

Solution

Add the necessary entry in the “services” file. Example: sapdp00 3200/tcp Then, re-start the instance.

Scenario 6: Work processes die soon after they start

Symptoms

All work processes die right after the instance is started.

The SAP MMC shows work processes with status “ended”.

Only one work process shows status “wait”.

An ABAP dump saying “PXA_NO_SHARED_MEMORY” is generated as soon as a user logs in.

The SAP MMC Syslog shows the following error multiple times: “SAP-Basis System: Shared Memory for PXA buffer not available”.

Problem Analysis

The instance profile contains misconfigured memory-related parameters.

Most likely the “abap/buffersize” instance profile parameter is set to high.

Solution

Edit the instance system profile at the OS level under \usr\sap\<SID>\sys\profile and lower the value assigned to “abap/buffersize”. Then, restart the instance. Also, it’s important to find out if any other memory parameter were changed. If not, the system should start once the adequate memory allocation has been set to the the “abap/buffersize” parameter.

Change Data In Table Without Authorization Using Transaction se16--------------------------------------

There is a way to change entries of a table with SE16 even if you don’t have the authorization:

Go in SE16, enter your table Name (ex: USR02). Display the entry (or entries) you want to modify.

When you have your entry, write ‘/h’ to go in debug mode. Cross the line you want to modify and press F7 (display function). Here, you are in the code… Press F7 again to skip some code…

Now you should see the code: Refresh Exclude_Tab. If Code = ‘SHOW’. Set Titlebar ‘TAB’ With Name ‘anzeigen’(100).

Elseif Code = ‘EDIT’. …

Change the value from SHOW to EDIT, click Change FLD Contents, and press F8…

or to delete an entry

Change the value from SHOW to DELE, click Change FLD Contents, and press F8…

Here we are… You can change the value to what you want, and don’t forget to save!

Trace a User’s Activity------------------------

Creating a User Audit Profile



3. From the top-most menu bar on the Security Audit: Administer AuditProfile screen, click Profile -> Create.

4. On the Create new profile popup, type in a new Profile name and clickthe green √ picture-icon.

5. On the Filter 1 tab of the Security Audit: Administer Audit Profilescreen, click the □ to the left of Filter active to place a √ in the box. In the Selection criteria section, select the Clients and User names tobe traced. In the Audit classes section, click “on” all the auditing functions you need for this profile. In the Events section, click the radio button to the left of the level of auditing you need. Once youhave entered all your trace information, click the Save picture-icon. You will receive an Audit profile saved in the status bar at the bottomof the screen.

6. Please note that while the user trace profile has been saved, it is notyet active. To activate the user trace, see the next section Activatinga User Audit Profile.


Activating a User Audit Profile



3. On the Security Audit: Administer Audit Profile screen, select the auditprofile to be activated from the Profile dropdown. Click the lit match picture-icon to activate it. You will receive an Audit profile activated for next system start in the status bar at the bottom of the screen. The audit will not begin until after the SAP instance has been recycled.


Viewing the Audit Analysis Report



3. In the Selection, Audit classes, and Events to select sections of the Security Audit Log: Local Analysis screen, provide your information to filter the audit information. If you need to trace the activities of a specific user, be sure to include that user’s ID. Click the Re-read audit log button.

4. The resulting list is displayed. This list can be printed using the usualmethods.


Working with saprouter------------------------

Working with saprouter

Starting saprouter (OSS Link)

1. Log on to the appropriate server as <sid>adm.

2. Click Start → Administrative Tools → Services to open a Services window.

3. Right-click on the SAPROUTER service and click Start.

4. You may now log off the server.

Verifying the Status of saprouter

If you have previously successfully established SAPNet (OSS) communications with SAP via saprouter in the past, there can only be three reasons for a “broken” SAPNet connection to SAP: the SAP VPN is down (which rarely happens); your saprouter configuration has been incorrectly changed (also very rare); or your saprouter is not running (happens all the time).



3. Look at the SAPROUTER service. If is not started, right-click to start the service. If it is started, right-click & Stop the service and then right-click & Start the service. This should “bounce” your saprouter instance.




3. Right-click on the SAPROUTER service and click Stop.


Opening a Service Connection for SAP Support-------------------

Before opening a service connection for SAP, be sure that the SAPAG client has been added to the appropriate SAP system and Client, and that a Security Audit Trace has been activated for the SAPAG ID.

Before a Service Connection to a SAP server via your saprouter can be created, the saprouter must run the LOP – Line Opener Program – to initiate the mode of SAP connection. Please LOPInstalltion.exe on your saprouter server before trying to add and open any Service Connections.

1. Log on to the SAP Marketplace using an OSS ID with Administration rights –http://service.sap.com/serviceconnection.

2. On the Service Connections screen, click the Service Connections button.

3. On the Service Connections – Overview screen, scroll down the page and find the SAP instance you want to open. Click on the red X in that instance’s line.

4. In the Enter Data for the system’s semi-automatic opening popup, set the days, hours, and minutes you want the service connection to stay open. Click the Continue button.

Creating a Local Frontend Printer or Desktop Printer------------------------

Local or frontend printing is sometimes confusing in concept but actually very easy to understand. As a rule, local printer is simply another way of saying that the user is going to print to the default printer designated on his/her workstation. You probably do this all the time with Windows to printerspreadsheets, Word documents, etc without thinking about it. You can do the same thing using SAP.


2. Go to transaction SPAD.

3. On the Spool Administration: Initial Screen screen, click the Output Devices

button.

4. On the Spool Administration: List of Output Devices screen, click the

Change button and then the Create button.

5. On the Spool Administration: Create Output Device screen, fill in the

Output Name and Short name - I normally use a short name of “DESK” for

“Desktop Printing” but alot of people use a Short name “SWIN” or “LOCL”

as well. Use the following DeviceAttributes fields:

Device type = SWIN Device Class = standard printer

And the following Access Method fields:

Host spool access method = F: Printing on frontend computer Host printer = __DEFAULT. That is _ _ D E F A U L T

Save the printer.

6. You may now leave the SPAD transaction.

Using this printer will cause print to go to SAPLPD which will use the default printer of the current workstation.

SAP R/3 dispatcher and work processes---------------------------

Types of work processes:

* Message : Coordinates the communication between different instances of a single SAP R/3 system. Used for Logon purpose and load balancing.

* Dispatcher : Redirect the request from GUI client to free process.

* Dialog : Interpreting the ABAP code and execute the business logic. Used for interactive online processing.

* Batch : For Background jobs.

* Enqueue : Single “Central Lock Management Service” that controls the locking mechanism between the different application servers and the database.

* Update : Responsible for consistency in asynchronous data changes.

* Gateway : Used for transport of bigger amount of data between application servers as well as external (non SAP) systems that communicate with SAP

Some Usefull Tips-------------------

* Logging on without being authorized

Client 066 usually exists in a SAP system because of EarlyWatch services.

Often this client does not have master users. If it is true, anyone

can log into the system using the client 066, user SAP*, and password PASS. Enjoy yourself.

* Locking the whole system

Using the command tp locksys «SysID» only the user SAP* will be allowed to login.

The commandtp unlocksys «SysID» cancels the lock.

* Connection between SAP R/3 and operating system : Release SAP Job from OS

The command sapevt can be used to trigger an event from the operation system.

Thus, a job previously defined within R/3 will be released.

* SQL code help

Run the command oerr ora «error number» under user ora«SysID».

* Direct input logs

The transaction BMV0 (direct input logs) shows all direct input logs.

* Oracle import and export explanations

Run the command imp help=yes under user ora«SysID». This format can also be used with exp,impst,

and expst.

* Table analyses between two systems

The contents of a table between two systems can be checked through the transaction OY19.

* Setting up module FI/CO without using IMG

Almost all parameters can be set using the transactions ORFA (Asset Accounting),

ORFB (Financial Accounting), and ORKS (Cost Center Accounting).

* Long messages on footer

Click on the message and hold the mouse button. After moving the mouse to the left side.

* Graphics on SAPscript

The program RSTXLDMC can be used to upload graphics (file extension .tif on PC files) into

individual standard text.

* Deleting cost elements and cost centers

Since they have no postings you can use the transaction KA04 for deleting cost elements

and KS04 for deleting cost centers.

* Filling up an empty date field quickly

Strike the key F4 (or click on matchcode symbol) and press ESCAPE. The current date is automaticly set.

* Displaying check object when not authorized

Soon after the lock try to access the transaction SU53. It reports the last objects verified and

also the respective values.

* Correction and transport system

The transaction SE10 provides the easiest way to manage any request/transport and corrections.

* Helpful reports

RSCLTCOP Copy tables across clients RSAVGL00 Table adjustment across clients RSINCL00 Extended program list RSBDCSUB Release batch-input sessions automaticly RSTXSCRP Transport SAPscript files across systems RSORAREL Get the Oracle Release RGUGBR00 Substitution/Validation utility RSPARAM Display all instance parameters RSUSR003 Check the passwords of users SAP* and DDIC in all clients RSUSR006 List users last login

* Reapplying hot packages

If you accidently applied hot packages out of sequence for instance. Use the transaction SM31 to modify table PAT03.

You have to choose the desired patch and click on delete entry.

* Scheduling of system maintenance jobs

RSBTCDEL Clean the old background job records

RSDBCREO Clean batch input session log

RSPO0041 Removing old spooling objects

RSSNAPDL Clean the old ABAP error dumps

UNIX commands used for SAP administration:-----------------------------

1. stopsap/startsap for stopping/starting SAP+ DB, stopsap r3/startsap r3 for stopping/starting R3

2. Cdpro for checking the profiles path SAPMNT/<SID>/profile

3. Cdexe for checking the kernel folder

4. find . -name filename -print for checking the file in the present directory

5. dpmon pf= <Instance profile path>, jcmon pf=<instance profile path>

6. df -k, bdf for checking all file system usages; df -k ., bdf. for individual file usages

7. ls -lrt for listing of files according to the date modified

8. du -a | sort -k 1n,1 for sorting the files in a recursive manner.

9. h for listing previous used commands.

10. rm < file> for removing file, gzip <file> for zipping the file.

11. Ps -ef is to check the how many running process and Kill any running process

12. gunzip to unzip file

13. tar -xvzf file name to run the zip folder of file content

14. mv mo from one path to another

15. Rf remove forcifully any file

16. Make command to effect any coading content

17. make clean to clean the effect of make command

18. cp coppy from one location to another

19. pwd check the current directory

Important SAP Marketplace Links-----------------

Inbox http://service.sap.com/inbox Read messages from SAP to you

Installation Guides http://service.sap.com/instguides Download SAP product installation

guides

License Keys http://service.sap.com/licensekey Request New Permanent License Key

Messages to SAP http://service.sap.com/message Open problems with SAP

QuickLinks Page http://service.sap.com/quicklinks An index of SAP links

Oracle DBA Page http://service.sap.com/dbaora Page for Oracle DBA Material

OSS Notes http://service.sap.com/notes Search the SAP Notes Database

Patches http://service.sap.com/patches Download SAP software patches

Remote Connection http://service.sap.com/remoteconnection Learn about the OSS connection and

order it from SAP

Service Connection http://service.sap.com/serviceconnection Open a Service Connection for SAP

to access your SAP landscape

Software Distribution http://service.sap.com/swdc Download new images of

Installation CDs & DVDs

SSCR http://service.sap.com/sscr Register Developers and Changes

made against SAP objects

User Administration http://service.sap.com/user-admin Add/Change OSS ID user information

sap basis docs

Documents