saoz no x and lightning j. p. pommereau and f. goutail ground-based saoz in bauru since 1995 short...
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SAOZ NOx and LightningJ. P. Pommereau and F. Goutail
Ground-based SAOZ in Bauru since 1995
Short duration small balloon flights
MIR long duration flights
Modelling
Further work
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SAOZ Spectrometer at IPMet in Bauru since 1995Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC)
complementary station
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O3 and NO2 columns at Bauru since 1995
350
300
250
200
Vertical Column (DU)
O3
Morning Evening
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
8
6
4
2
0
Vertical Column (1E15 mol/cm2)
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
NO 2
03
O3
NO2
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Parameters Slope of correlation
Amplitude (1e15)
Amplitude (%)
Seasonal cycle 0.956 ± 0.02 1.38 38 ENSO shifted by 4 m. 0.10 ± 0.0 2 0.40 11 QBO 10hPa sh 2 mo -0.0007 ± 1e-4 0.45 12 Magnetic activity Kp 0.001 ± 0.003 0.05 1.3 10.7cm Flux sh 2 m. 5e-5 ± 4e-5 0.09 2.5
Most important parameters Season Small influence ENSO and QBO (10 hPa) No influence of Solar flux and Kp Average Residual <0.001%, max 4%
NO2 evening columns above BAURU
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NO2 evening columns above BAURU
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
5
4
3
2
1
NO2 Evening
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
Residual NO2 Evening
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40
35
30
25
20
15
10
53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0
NO2 (x109 mol/cm3)
Morning Evening
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0
Concentration (x109 mol/cm3)
NO2
MorningEvening
ZL 18 Feb Morning
ZL 23 Feb Evening
2001 2003
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MIR-SAOZ 2004
Lightning ?
(larger NO2 in the morning ?)
NOy mid-lat ?Local prod by blue-jets ?
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350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
1500
1000
500
0
60
20
20
20 0
0 0
-20
-20
-30
-30
-50
NO2 DEVIATION (%)
∆Z 360-340 KLIS Flashes
NO2 MIR-SAOZ 2001 20°S
% deviation from zonal mean
Maximum in UT over continental convection
Minimum over Maritime areas
Correlated with O3 STE ?
?
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MOZART Modelled lightning and NOx production at the Equator JFM (NOx production over continental convection only)
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Continental and Maritime convection of different nature
Lightning Imaging Sensor onboard TRMM (DJF)
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350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
25
20
15
10
5
0
15 0
NO2 MIR-SAOZ 2003 20°S
% deviation from zonal mean
Correlated with O3 STE ?
?
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High lightning activity at launch
MIR-SAOZ 2003
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MIR-SAOZ 2004
Lightning ?
(larger NO2 in the morning ?)
NOy mid-lat ?Local prod by blue-jets ?
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2004
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2004
As 2001 and 2003
UT / TTLLow over maritime convection (as 2001)
High over Africa (as 2001)Limited over South America (less than 2001)
? 20 km maxbut at diff loc
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12-14 March
MIR over Africa
High Lightning activity
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20-23 March
MIR over Amazonia
Low Lightning activity
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Summary NO2 Sources (I)
Local production vs transportRemoval of H transport by PV correlation
Production by lightning in UT and TTLMaximum column onn strong lightning daysMaximum up to 200 ppt at 15 km , 100 ppt at 12 km highly correlated to lightning activity over continental convective areas Minimum 10-20 ppt over maritime convective areas
Further workMIR Correlation with LIS flashes during 5 days prior to MIR overpass How much NOx produced by lightning: comparison to model simulations, ajustment of parametrisation. LMDz / TOMCAT modelling in progress over Bauru as well as at MIR location
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Summary NO2 Sources (2)
Max NO2 0.2-0.3 ppb at 20-22 km at longitude depending on year
STE ? Local production in LS by blue-jets followed by QBO dependent transport ?
Further work
Characterisation: Source in Reprobus and Mimosa Chem ?
Mechanism: MIPLASMO box trajectory ?