santa clara presentation
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on the Technical and Public Health Work Associated with the Potable Water System in Santa Clara, El Salvador.TRANSCRIPT
Rotary Club of Glen Burnie, MDRotary Club of San Miguel El Chapparistique Engineers Without Borders – Washington DC
George Washington University – Public Health
Santa Clara, El Salvador - Water Distribution & Public Health Project
Community Location
Santa Clara, El Salvador
Santa Clara (pop. 3,165) is a rural community within the municipality of San Rafael Oriente (pop. 16,929), in the Eastern region of San Miguel
Local Organizations:– Associacion de Desarrollo Comunitario (ADESCO)– Asociacion Nacional para la Defensa, Desarrollo y Distribucion del Agua a Nivel Rural (ANDAR)– Peace Corps
Background & ObjectivesBackground:–The people of Santa Clara suffer many hardships, as the majority live in suboptimal conditions without adequate housing, education, or an improved water source and the community’s residents are burdened with a high incidence of water-related illness.
– Households contract local drilling companies to construct raw water wells. Most wells access the same shallow aquifer contaminated by community pit latrines. The contamination of wells has been confirmed through bacteriological testing of samples throughout the community that were positive for excessive levels of fecal coliform bacteria.
– High rate of morbidity associated with water-borne pathogens and related illnesses.
Desire: - Clean water for the Santa Clara community: Households 260 (Expandable to 400).
- Current expressed community preference for piped water delivery to each individual household.
- The community has already located a preferred; semi-remote well from which to extract the raw water for their system.
The project has a comprehensive approach to preventing illness by improving water supply and key hygiene behaviors, especially ensuring safe household drinking water and
food, proper personal and domestic hygiene, and effective use of sanitation.
Current Water Sources
45%
35%
17%
3%
Own Hand-Dug Wells
Neighbors Hand-Dug Well
Own Piped Water
Neighbor's Piped Water
Transport water with wagons
Use of horsepower to draw buckets from well
Water Collection - Today
Carry water in large containers
EWB Assessment & Implementation Trips for Santa Clara Project
Dates of Travel Assess/Imp Phase Description
8/19/06 - 8/24/06 Assessment Planning Data Collection and Health Assessment
6/1/06 - 8/31/06 Assessment Planning George Washington University graduate student data collection and public health assessment
3/22/07 – 3/26/07 Assessment Planning Data Verification and Community Engagement
1/6/08 – 1/13/09 Assess & Imp Planning Catholic University students surveying of site and building of grey water pit
3/1/09 – 3/8/09 Assess & Imp Building Catholic University students build the foundation for the water management office
4/2009 Assessment Public Health
Public Health Team trip
1/3/10-1/10/10 Implementation Planning and Building
Meet and Greet. Kick off Project. (Tank, Distribution, Pump, Power to Pump)
Implementation Trips & Technical Design
Water system components include:•Water Board Office •Water Pump & Storage Shed• Chlorination System• Control System• Storage Tank • Distribution Network• Household Connection• Grey Water Pits
Lodging
Well and Pump
Well Casing Diameter: 8”Design Point:95 gpm @ 425ft
Control System and VFD
Minimum Pressure: 1psiMaximum Pressure: 100 psi
Distribution System
Number of Homes: 260Gallons per home per day: 160Maximum Pipe Diameter: 6”Minimum Pipe Diameter: 2”Maximum Pressure: 80 psiMinimum Pressure: 20 psi
Chlorine Tablet Feeder
Desired ChlorineResidual: 0.5 – 0.8 mg/LTablet Feeder Design
Ground Storage Tank
Tank Storage: 100 m3 (25,000 Gallons) Tank Diameter: 6.8m (22’-4”)Tank Height: 3.9m (12’-10”)
Potable Water System Schematic
4” PVC Well Fill Line
Grade at well = 200m
Distribution System
Phase 1 of Dist. System (Tank to School)
Distribution (Cont.)
Water Board Office
Storage Tank Location
Storage Tank
Design
Soil Test
Storage Tank Excavation
Soil Profile
Well Site & Pump
Chlorine Tablet Feeder
Pump
Power for Pump
Meeting with Mayor• Mayor Sent Electrical Engineer to Town• Mayor Promised to Pay for Power to Pump• Changed from 3 Phase to 1 Phase • Added VFD to Pump
Pump to Tank Supply Line
Mock-up House Hookup
Mock-up Grey Water Pit
Community OwnershipThe planning, development and implementation of this initiative has
been community-driven, and the resultant water system and health promotion program will be community-owned and operated.
What kind of help is the community providing?• Unskilled labor for approximately 8300 m3 of trenching for an estimated contribution of $43,000 USD (1 m3/person/day, $5/day)• Free lodging for volunteers• Transportation• Equipment includes shovels, wheelbarrows, pickup trucks, etc.• The local water board has already collected of $6500 for land (central well and tank locations) and $6000 for individual household connections
SustainabilityANDAR provides ongoing community
trainings: • Operation & Maintenance • Administration, like transparent
bookkeeping, end of year income/expense reports & development of user fees
• General and state laws governing potable water systems
• Protection and conservation of the water source
• Empowerment-to encourage leadership as owners of the system
• Management of the Water Board (ADESCO), including participatory, democratic decision-making, roles of leadership
Public Health
Before
Public HealthSolid Waste
After
Public HealthSolid Waste
Health Promotion/Education Program
• Health Educators• Complement ongoing
health education & promotion efforts
• Enhance local capacities for sustainable program
• Enhance health impact of water system
Health Promoters• Household visits
• School hygiene
• Materials Assistance
• Role models/leaders
• Community mobilization (dengue, & trash clean-up)
• Upcoming: Water Management Education
Study Results: Exposure to Program
Visit Activity Info HP Treat water
Safe food
Trash0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
19
33.8
11.1
2.8 2.8
76.2
89.2
47.2
66.763.9
Pre
Post
%
Study Results: Knowledge Gained
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
27.4
12.3
75.3
45.5
2.6
58.9
50.7
92.2
79.2
22.1
Pre
Post
%
Study Results: Adopted Practices
Sweep floor
Clean seat Clean lid Handwash food
Wash food Give more drink
ORS0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
35.1
3.97.8
32.5
15.6
9.813.7
62.3
23.4
39
61
66.2
31.4
62.7Pre
Post
%
Still some work to be done…
• Water quality/quantity• Water storage/handling• Grey water disposal• Child hygiene/care• Open defecation of children• Trash disposal• Proximity of domesticated
animals to homes
Your New Water System
Handbook for households to understand:
• How the water system works• Do’s and don’ts of system use• How to use/store it properly• How to conserve the resource• How to prevent standing water
(Dengue)• How to understand their
bill/quantity used
Thank you!