Sanitary-hygiene Sanitary-hygiene requirements in the field of requirements in the field of milk and diary production milk and diary production

Quality and clean milk – a Quality and clean milk – a guarantee of the futureguarantee of the future

Structure of presentationStructure of presentation

From farm to forkFrom farm to fork European legislationEuropean legislation Bulgarian legislationBulgarian legislation What is the state of the sector now?What is the state of the sector now? Factors determining the quality of the raw Factors determining the quality of the raw

milkmilk Problems in the production of quality milkProblems in the production of quality milk Key indicators in the purchase of raw milkKey indicators in the purchase of raw milk Requirements for building fundRequirements for building fund

From farm to forkFrom farm to fork

Control on the fodders and nutritious Control on the fodders and nutritious supplements for the farm animalssupplements for the farm animals

Human attitude to the farm animalsHuman attitude to the farm animals HealthyHealthy animalsanimals – – qualitative raw materialsqualitative raw materials GPP andGPP and НАССР НАССР in processing enterprisesin processing enterprises Concept for traceability and system for fast Concept for traceability and system for fast

warningwarning

European legislationEuropean legislation

EU DirectiveEU Directive 93/43 93/43 ЕЕС ЕЕС on the hygiene of foodstuffs on the hygiene of foodstuffs/1993 /1993 This document gives a legislative character to the HACCP This document gives a legislative character to the HACCP

system, which is based on the requirements of Codex system, which is based on the requirements of Codex Alimentarius, and accepts the principles of the HACCP Alimentarius, and accepts the principles of the HACCP systemsystem

The EU White Book on food safety (2000)The EU White Book on food safety (2000)The book gives an analysis of the diseases transmitted through The book gives an analysis of the diseases transmitted through

food, and shows the responsibilities of all participants in the food, and shows the responsibilities of all participants in the food chain (from farm to plate) for the supply of food safety.food chain (from farm to plate) for the supply of food safety.

Regulation Regulation 178/2002178/2002 , , laying down the general principles and laying down the general principles and requirements of the food law in the EUrequirements of the food law in the EU..

European legislationEuropean legislation

DirectiveDirective 92/46 ЕСС 92/46 ЕСС of 1992of 1992, , laying down the laying down the health rules for the production and placing on health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based productsmilk-based products

RegulationRegulation 852/2004/ЕС 852/2004/ЕС ,, laying down the laying down the general rules for food businesses for the general rules for food businesses for the hygiene of foodstuffs hygiene of foodstuffs

RegulationRegulation 853/2004/ЕС 853/2004/ЕС,, on the determination on the determination of specific hygiene rules for food of animal of specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. origin.

RegulationRegulation 853/2004/ЕС 853/2004/ЕС The current RegulationThe current Regulation 853/2004/ЕС853/2004/ЕС is not applicable in the case ofis not applicable in the case of::

a) a) primary production for private domestic useprimary production for private domestic use;;

bb) ) the domestic preparation, handling or storage of food for private domestic consumptionthe domestic preparation, handling or storage of food for private domestic consumption ;;

cc) ) the direct supply, by the producer, of small quantities of private products to the final consumer the direct supply, by the producer, of small quantities of private products to the final consumer

or to local retail establishments directly supplying the final consumersor to local retail establishments directly supplying the final consumers ;;

г) г) the direct supply, made by the producer, of small quantities of meat from poultry and the direct supply, made by the producer, of small quantities of meat from poultry and

lagomorphs slaughtered on the farm, to the final consumer or to local retail establishments directly lagomorphs slaughtered on the farm, to the final consumer or to local retail establishments directly

supplying such meat to the final consumer as fresh meatsupplying such meat to the final consumer as fresh meat;;

д) д) hunters who supply small quantities of wild game or hunters who supply small quantities of wild game or wild game meat to the final consumer or wild game meat to the final consumer or

to local retail establishments directly supplying to the final consumerto local retail establishments directly supplying to the final consumer ..

Can traditional practices for production and Can traditional practices for production and processing of milk and meat be preserved and processing of milk and meat be preserved and

stimulated in HNV sitesstimulated in HNV sites

The member countries establish rules, in accordance with The member countries establish rules, in accordance with

their national legislation, regulating the activities and their national legislation, regulating the activities and

the establishment listed in Art. 3, (c), (d) and (e). These the establishment listed in Art. 3, (c), (d) and (e). These

national rules guarantee that the goals set in the national rules guarantee that the goals set in the

current Regulation will be reached. The Bulgarian current Regulation will be reached. The Bulgarian

legislative framework stipulates harder requirements.legislative framework stipulates harder requirements.

Bulgarian legislationBulgarian legislation

Strategy for the diary animal husbandry Strategy for the diary animal husbandry development and improvement of the raw cow milk development and improvement of the raw cow milk quality for the period 2006-2009 quality for the period 2006-2009

Law for supporting to agricultural producersLaw for supporting to agricultural producers.. Law for veterinary activityLaw for veterinary activity Law for foodstuffsLaw for foodstuffs

Bulgarian legislationBulgarian legislation

Ordinance Ordinance No.44/20.04.2006No.44/20.04.2006 for the veterinary for the veterinary requirements for the stock-breeding objectsrequirements for the stock-breeding objects

Ordinance Ordinance No.51/20.04.2006No.51/20.04.2006 for the national for the national reserve, individual milk quotas, purchasers and cow reserve, individual milk quotas, purchasers and cow milk purchasing approvalmilk purchasing approval

Ordinance Ordinance No.61/09.05.2006No.61/09.05.2006 for the terms and rules for the terms and rules for animals’ identification, stock-breeding objects for animals’ identification, stock-breeding objects registration and the access to the identified animals registration and the access to the identified animals data basedata base..

OrdinanceOrdinance NoNo 30 30

What is the current stateWhat is the current state??

1.1. Cow Cow milkmilk Top-classTop-class qualityquality ( (up toup to 300000/ 300000/ ml TNMml TNM and up to and up to

400000/400000/mlml TNSCTNSC ) – 16% ) – 16% II classclass ( (up toup to 500000 / 500000 /mlml TNM TNM and and TNSC) -35% TNSC) -35% II class II class ( ( up toup to 1 500000 / 1 500000 /ml ml TNMTNM and and TNSC) – 30% TNSC) – 30% III class (non-standard)III class (non-standard) ( (above above 1 500000 /1 500000 /mlml TNM TNM and and

TNSC) – 19%TNSC) – 19%

2. 2. Sheep’s milkSheep’s milk I I class (up to class (up to 1 500000 /1 500000 /mlml TNM TNM and and TNSC) – 95% TNSC) – 95% Non-standardNon-standard ( (aboveabove 1 500000 / 1 500000 /mlml TNM TNM and and TNSC) – TNSC) –

5%5%

Factors determining the quality of Factors determining the quality of the raw milkthe raw milk

1.1. Health status of animals Health status of animalsEvery farmers should aim at Every farmers should aim at focalizing/ limiting mastitis through:focalizing/ limiting mastitis through:

Daily control on the state of milk and Daily control on the state of milk and the udder of the diary stockthe udder of the diary stock

Follow to the veterinary's Follow to the veterinary's instructionsinstructions

Factors determining the quality of the Factors determining the quality of the raw milkraw milk

2.2. QualityQuality of of milking machinesmilking machinesEvery farmer should check that: Every farmer should check that: The milking machine and all its parameters are in working The milking machine and all its parameters are in working

condition condition The milking machine meets the current technical The milking machine meets the current technical

requirementsrequirements

3.3. Hygiene of milking Hygiene of milking Maintenance of good hygiene in the cattle-shedMaintenance of good hygiene in the cattle-shed Washing and drying of the udder with a separate clean Washing and drying of the udder with a separate clean

cloth before milking cloth before milking Usage of clean, disinfected and working milking unitsUsage of clean, disinfected and working milking units

Every diary producer should Every diary producer should ensure that:ensure that:

The raw milk is extracted by farms that The raw milk is extracted by farms that

are registered and monitored by the are registered and monitored by the NVMS, and meet the zoo-hygiene and NVMS, and meet the zoo-hygiene and veterinary requirementsveterinary requirements

The rooms for preservation of milk in the The rooms for preservation of milk in the farms and the milk-collecting points have farms and the milk-collecting points have adequate cooling equipment and meet adequate cooling equipment and meet the requirements stipulated in Ordinance the requirements stipulated in Ordinance No 30No 30

Key indicators in purchasing raw Key indicators in purchasing raw milkmilk

Milk typeMilk type

//qualityquality//

Degree of Degree of refrigerationrefrigeration

AcidityAcidity Density underDensity under

2020 C C

Fat contentFat content Dry nonfat Dry nonfat residue residue

//DNRDNR//

Total number Total number of of microorganismicroorganismm

//TNMTNM//

Total number Total number of somatic of somatic cellscells

//TNSCTNSC//

Top-class cow milkTop-class cow milk Up to Up to 4 4 15-1815-18 1.029 1.029 3.6%3.6% 8.5%8.5% below below 300300KK//mlml

Below Below 400 400 K/mlK/ml

I class caw milkI class caw milk Up to Up to 44 15-1815-18 1.0291.029 3.4%3.4% 8.5%8.5% Below Below 500500K/mlK/ml

Below Below 500500K/mlK/ml

II class sheep’s class sheep’s milkmilk

Up toUp to 8 8 21-2321-23

untiluntil 15.05 15.05

21-25 21-25 afterafter 15.0515.05

1.0321.032 6.5%6.5% 10%10% Below Below 800800K/mlK/ml

Below Below 400400K/mlK/ml

I class buffalo-cow I class buffalo-cow milkmilk

Up to Up to 8 8 Up to Up to 1919 1.0281.028 7%7% 9%9%

II class goat milkclass goat milk Up toUp to 8 8 Up toUp to 19 19 1.0281.028 3.2%3.2% 8%8% Below Below 15001500K/mlK/ml

Below Below 400400K/mlK/ml

Key indicators in purchasing raw Key indicators in purchasing raw milkmilk

The raw milk should be clean, without The raw milk should be clean, without admixtures from other kinds of milkadmixtures from other kinds of milk

The milk should not contain alienThe milk should not contain alien substancessubstances The milk should not contain pathogenic The milk should not contain pathogenic

microorganismsmicroorganisms The milk should not be adulteratedThe milk should not be adulterated The purchase of raw milk The purchase of raw milk ((colostrumcolostrum)) from from

cows until the seventh day of the calving is not cows until the seventh day of the calving is not allowedallowed

Gradual improvement of the Gradual improvement of the parametersparameters

Directive Directive 92/46/ЕС 92/46/ЕС provisions a transitional provisions a transitional period in which Bulgaria will adjust to period in which Bulgaria will adjust to meet all European standards of the raw meet all European standards of the raw milk quality. The requirements stipulated milk quality. The requirements stipulated by the EU will be faced in the following by the EU will be faced in the following stages by yearsstages by years::

Gradual improvement of the Gradual improvement of the parametersparameters

Until 2005 will be purchasedUntil 2005 will be purchased Cow milkCow milk – – of first and top class only of first and top class only Sheep’sSheep’s and goatand goat milkmilk – – of first class onlyof first class only InIn 2006 -2008 2006 -2008The milk classified as first-class should fall offThe milk classified as first-class should fall off InIn 2008 – 2009 2008 – 2009The milk classified as top-class will fall off and by the end The milk classified as top-class will fall off and by the end

of 2009 the milk quality will have to meet the of 2009 the milk quality will have to meet the requirements of the Directive for extraction of milk of requirements of the Directive for extraction of milk of high qualityhigh quality

EVERY MILK PRODUCER EVERY MILK PRODUCER SHOULD KNOW THATSHOULD KNOW THAT

ONLY THE PRODUCTION OF RAW ONLY THE PRODUCTION OF RAW MILK OF QUALITY MEETING THE MILK OF QUALITY MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN STANDARDS WILL GUARANTEE THE STANDARDS WILL GUARANTEE THE PROFITABILITY OF THE FARM!!!PROFITABILITY OF THE FARM!!!

Problems in the production of milk of Problems in the production of milk of high qualityhigh quality

Building fund and raising systems not Building fund and raising systems not comforting the requirements of Ordinance No comforting the requirements of Ordinance No 4444

Outdated, amortized milking equipment/ units, Outdated, amortized milking equipment/ units, refrigerators for preservation of milkrefrigerators for preservation of milk

Bad hygiene in the premises, bad milking Bad hygiene in the premises, bad milking hygienehygiene..

Problems in the production of milk of Problems in the production of milk of high qualityhigh quality

Law education of the staff. Lack of motivationLaw education of the staff. Lack of motivation.. Poor demand for veterinary services and often Poor demand for veterinary services and often

incompetent use of veterinary medicines by the incompetent use of veterinary medicines by the ownersowners..

Improper selection of animals, law average Improper selection of animals, law average productivityproductivity. .

Problems in the production of milk of Problems in the production of milk of high qualityhigh quality

Imbalanced feeding and improper Imbalanced feeding and improper exploitationexploitation..

Lack of investments in innovations and Lack of investments in innovations and modernization of farmsmodernization of farms..

Poor managementPoor management..

State of the diary sectorState of the diary sector in WSPin WSP

MUNICIPALITYMUNICIPALITY Farms number Farms number

1 1 groupgroup 2 2 groupgroup 3 3 groupgroup

BerkovitzaBerkovitza 1 7 ? 1 7 ?

VarshetzVarshetz 1 6 ? 1 6 ?

Chiprovtzi Chiprovtzi 1 2 ? 1 2 ?

GG..DamyanovoDamyanovo - - ? - - ?

Average number of animalsAverage number of animals 34 17 34 17

ConclusionsConclusions andand recommendations recommendations

The requirements for hygiene of milk and the building fund cause the The requirements for hygiene of milk and the building fund cause the

highest influencehighest influence

There is no clarity on the direct marketing practicesThere is no clarity on the direct marketing practices

There is no clarity on the milk processing on a farm levelThere is no clarity on the milk processing on a farm level

There is no nationally represented organisation protecting small and There is no nationally represented organisation protecting small and

medium-sized milk producers and processorsmedium-sized milk producers and processors

There is a conflict between legislative norms, regulating organisations of There is a conflict between legislative norms, regulating organisations of

cow milk producerscow milk producers

ConclusionsConclusions andand recommendations recommendations Ordinance NoOrdinance No 44 44

This ordinance shall apply for big animal breeding farms onlyThis ordinance shall apply for big animal breeding farms only The ordinance does not stipulate requirements for the necessary The ordinance does not stipulate requirements for the necessary

pastures and meadows for ruminants – cattle and sheep animalspastures and meadows for ruminants – cattle and sheep animals The ordinance is not applicable in case of traditional animal-The ordinance is not applicable in case of traditional animal-

breeding systemsbreeding systems. . For exampleFor example – – breeding of sheep flocks breeding of sheep flocks in in mobile pens – “egretzi” – on reaped fieldsmobile pens – “egretzi” – on reaped fields

There are no requirements provisioned for animals summer There are no requirements provisioned for animals summer camps located in the mountaincamps located in the mountain

Fattening of calves and lambs using pastures in the mountains is Fattening of calves and lambs using pastures in the mountains is omittedomitted

The ordinance describes “paper” norms for breeding animals The ordinance describes “paper” norms for breeding animals disregarding the fact that the norms depend on the applied disregarding the fact that the norms depend on the applied breeding methodbreeding method

The ordinance should trace the way of developing of both big and The ordinance should trace the way of developing of both big and small farmssmall farms

ConclusionsConclusions andand recommendationsrecommendations

Introduction of adjustments to the Bulgarian legislation Introduction of adjustments to the Bulgarian legislation that will make possible two thingsthat will make possible two things:: The processing of milk on the farm levelThe processing of milk on the farm level Application of direct marketingApplication of direct marketing

Establishment of a national organisation of small-sized Establishment of a national organisation of small-sized milk-processors, practicing processing on the farm and milk-processors, practicing processing on the farm and supplying directlysupplying directly

Initiation of milk-processors groups on a regional level Initiation of milk-processors groups on a regional level exercising traditional farming practicesexercising traditional farming practices

Future developmentFuture development

Introduction of good farming practices for Introduction of good farming practices for use of pastures, the manure and use of pastures, the manure and selection of appropriate systems of selection of appropriate systems of breeding and milkingbreeding and milking

Modernization of the building fund, the Modernization of the building fund, the pertaining premises, machinery and pertaining premises, machinery and equipmentequipment..

Future developmentFuture development

Introduction of good hygiene practices in Introduction of good hygiene practices in SME - FSME - F

Investments in farms allowing for the Investments in farms allowing for the improvement of the efficiency, increase improvement of the efficiency, increase of the competitive power, know-how and of the competitive power, know-how and use of consulting servicesuse of consulting services

Quality and clean milk – a Quality and clean milk – a guarantee of the futureguarantee of the future

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention!!

RAASRAAS – – MontanaMontana