sandy township comprehensive plan.elibrary.pacounties.org/documents/clearfield_county/846;...

SANDY TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.

PREPARED BY: NORTH CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA

REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

I SANDY TOWNSHIP COWREHENS IVE PLAN

J Prepared By:

NORTH CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

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The preparation of th i s report was funded through a State Planning Assistance Grant from the Department of Community Affairs .

August 19 81

TABLE OF CONTENTS

History 1

Slope and Topograpby

Ex i s t ing Land U s e Res iden t i a l Comer c i a l I n d u s t r i a l Pub l i c and Semi-Publtc Vacant

Population Study Pa$ t Trends Recent Trends Populat ion P ro jec t ions

Housing Study

Exis t ing I n f r a s t r u c t u r e E l e c t r i c Telephone Gas Sewer Water Refuse Disposal

Exis t ing Community Fac i l i t i es Recreat ion and Open Spnce Mnnicipal Building Po l i ce P ro tec t ion F i r e P ro tec t ion sct-001s Library Hospi ta l s Nursing Homes

Exis t ing Highways and Transpor ta t ion Regional and I n t e r s t a t e Highways Local Highways

Economy Region C l e a r f i e l d County Sandy Township

Fiscal Study Revenues Expenditures

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11 11 11 18

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25 25 25 25 26 26 27

28 28 29 29 30 31 33 23 34

36 36 36

40 40 4 1 49

58 58 59

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

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Goals and o b j e c t i v e s

Future Land U s e Res iden t i a l Comnercial Indust r i a l Publ ic and Semi-public Vacant Summary

Major Thoroughfare Plan

Development Program Sewer System Water Service Po l i ce P r o t e c t i o n F i r e P ro tec t ion Recreation I n d u s t r i a l Development Local Road Improvement Municipal B o i l d ing

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67 67 69 70 70 71 7 1

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75 75 76 76 76 76 76 77 77

Guide for Implementation of t h e Plan 78

Addendum 86

J o i n t Planning Commission 86

95

Establishment of a Sandy Township-DuBois

Sandy Township Manager 9 1

Establishment of Treasure Lake as a Municipal i ty 95 ,Establishment of a Sandy Township Water Authority

LIST OF TABLES

1. Slope C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

2. Population Losses znd Gaines

3, B i r t h s and Deathes

4. Natural Population Change

5. Migration

6. Type of Housing S t r u c t u r e

7. Persons per Household

8. Household S ize

9. Age of Housing

I$. School Buildings and Enrollment Information

11. Manufacturing I n d u s t r i e s f o r C l e a r f i e l d Co.

12. Retail Trade - C l e a r f i e l d County

13. Wholesale Trade - C l e a r f i e l d County

14. Selected Services - C l e a r f i e l d County

15. Financial. S t a t i s t i c s f o r Manufacturing I n d u s t r i e s i n Sandy Township, DubcAs and C l e a r f i e l d County

16. Employment S t a t i s t i c s f o r Manufacturing I n d u s t r i e s i n Sandy Township, Dubois and C l e a r f i e l d County

17. Retail Trade - Sandy Township

18. Wholesale Trade - Sandy, Township

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20. Revenues - Sandy Township

21. Expenditures - Sandy Township

22. Future Land U s e

Selected Services - Sandy Township

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LIST OF MAPS

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Sandy Township i n R e l a t i onsh ip t o Pennsylvania and t h e Nor theas te rn United S t a t e s

Slope

Ex i s t ing Land U s e

Community F a . c i l i t i e s

Ex i s t ing Highways

T r a f f i c Volume

Future Land U s e

Proposed Highways

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35

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F i.gures

1. Employment - Ten Year Review - C l e a r f i e l d Co. 45

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Wages and S a l a r i e s - Ten Year Review - C l e a r f i e l d Co.

Value of Product ion - Ten Year Review - C l e a r f i e l d Co.

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4. Percentage Change - Ten Year Review - C l e a r f i e l d Co. 45

Char ts

1. Populat ion P ro jec t ions 20

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HISTORY

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Nine tracts of land acquired as a p a r t of t h e Indian Purchase i n t h e year of 1873 provided t h e s i t e f o r t h e City of DuBois. P a r t of t h e c i t y w a s l oca t ed on t h e "Great Beaver Meadow'', which is t h e p re sen t f l a t area east of L ibe r ty Boulevard, another p a r t w a s covered by one of t h e f i n e s t s t ands of timber east of t h e P a c i f i c coas t . Cherry, maple, a s h , o a k , hemlock and p ine trees ranging i n t runk diameter from 18 inches t o 6 f e e t w e r e t h e predominant trees.

Among t h e earliest settlers i n t h e t e r r i t o r y w a s George Sha f fe r , and h i s t h r e e sons. They e s t ab l i shed t h e i r home about May 12, 1812.

The f i r s t road through t h e country w a s c a l l e d "Old S t a t e Road", and t h e second, a t o l l road w a s t h e "Erie and Waterford Turnpike", which gene ra l ly followed t h e Susquehanna River westward through Waterford and thence t o E r i e .

I n t h e e a r l y yea r s t h e r e was no market f o r t imber; thus, t h e earliest timber a c t i v i t y w a s based on t h e need f o r c l e a r i n g of land f o r farming and t h e cons t ruc t ion of homes.

Matthew I r v i n opened -a s t o r e i n Luthersburg i n 1824. Further merchant a c t i v i t y w a s e s t ab l i shed by 1850. This r e s u l t e d from peddlers who f i r s t c a r r i e d t h e i r goods on t h e i r backs and later used wagons, e s t a b l i s h i n g t r a d i n g p o s t s i n t h e area. They spec ia l i zed i n goods no t so ld i n I r v i n ' s s t o r e .

C l e a r f i e l d County's f i r s t census w a s taken i n 1810 and showed 845 persons. approximately 200 percent o r a t o t a l of 2,342 persons.

The 1820 census ind ica t ed a t e n year populat ion inc rease of

Early i n d u s t r i e s e s t a b l i s h e d p r i o r ' t o 1824 included a g r i s t m i l l on Stump Creek b u i l t by Jacob Ogden; John Brubaker's d i s t i l l e r y near Rockton; P e t e S e y l e r ' s foundry,and a blacksmith shop owned by John Carlisle. Other e a r l y i n d u s t r i e s and t h e d a t e s e s t ab l i shed include:

1. Benjamin Bonsall , Tanner - 1824 2. Henry Goodlander, Show Manufacturer - 1837 3. Enos Sha f fe r , Fu rn i tu re - 1840-1850 4 . George Kirk, Po t t e ry - Unknown 5 . 6. J . C . Smith, Matches - 1860

Four sawmills opened between 1840 and 1845

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Lumbering w a s s t a r t e d near DuBois i n 1859 by Andrew Liddle and i t proved t o be a .major economic f a c t o r u n t i l about 1900.

The f i r s t o f f i c i a l school w a s t h e Sandy School b u i l t i n 1860. Beightol School w a s t h e f i r s t school b u i l t wi th pub l i c money. It w a s l oca t ed i n Brady near DuBois. I n 1876 t h e f i r s t school i n DuBois w a s cons t ruc ted . The f i r s t church w a s t h e Evangel ical Church b u i l t about 1874 o r 1875. . .

John DuBois w a s descended from t h e House of DuBois e s t ab l i shed i n France p r i o r t o 1066. I n 1660, t h e DuBois family migrated t o America. The f a t h e r of John DuBois inves ted i n land i n Williamsport and cons t ruc ted a lumber m i l l i n t he e a r l y 1800s. A t t h e age 9f 15, John began buying l a r g e tracts of land around DuBois. It w a s no t long a f t e r t h i s he began c u t t i n g logs around DuBois and took them t o Williamsport f o r mi l l i ng . I n 1870, he so ld t h e Williamsport holdings and moved t o DuBois where a m i l l w a s opened and a f l o u r i s h i n g lumber bus iness w a s operated u n t i l 1895 when t h e timber supply w a s exhausted.

Coal mining picked up t h e i d l e l a b o r e r s when lumber m i l l s c losed . The abundance of c o a l inf luenced the cons t ruc t ion of t h e Buffalo, Rochester and P i t t sbu rgh Rai l road i n DuBois i n 1883. I n 1904 t h e Buffalo and Susquehanna Rai l road w a s completed t o DuBois.

Sandy Township

I n 1877 a c i t i z e n s group w a s formed i n t h e area surrounding DuBois f o r t h e s o l e purpose of reques t ing t h e formation of a p o l i t i c a l area t o be c o n t r o l l e d by a l o c a l governing group. Following pub l i c meetings t o t h i s e f f e c t , and a reques t t o t h e C lea r f i e ld County Courts , by decree of t h e Court of Quarter Session of C l e a r f i e l d County, i n 1878 an area w a s formed from por t ions of Brady and Huston and named Sandy Township; t h e name being der ived from t h e presence of Sandy Lick Creek i n t h e area.

Early development around DuBois included t h e f i r s t s t o r e i n West L ibe r ty owned and operated by John Hoover. By 1868, a foundry, a genera l s t o r e , a pos t o f f i c e and a s a w and s h i n g l e m i l l w e r e e s t ab l i shed .

I n 1874 l a r g e c o a l d e p o s i t s w e r e d iscovered i n t h e area and mining began. founded i n 1876 and w a s owned and operated by t h e Jones Brothers . company employed 30 men and shipped about 120 tons of c o a l d a i l y . a t e l y , t h e opera t ion w a s i n continuous l i t i g a t i o n which ended wi th t h e shoot ing of one of t h e claimants and, i n 1878, t h e mine w a s c losed permanently. I n 1876 t h e Sandy Lick Gas, Coal and Coke Company w a s founded and operated t h e Sandy Lick mines. shipped 500 tons of c o a l d a i l y .

The f i r s t mining company c a l l e d t h e "Contennial Col l iery", w a s The Unfortun-

They employed 100 men and

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The Rochester mines w e r e opened and shipped t h e i r f i r s t c o a l i n The company w a s owned by B e l l , L e w i s and Gates and even tua l ly 1877.

merged w i t h t h e Rochester and P i t t sbu rgh Coal and I r o n Company. ou tpu t w a s about~300,OOO tons annually and t h e c o a l w a s excellent f o r coking. The company, a t t h e i r peak per iod, a l s o operated 56 beehive coke ovens.

Their

During t h e e a r l y twent ie th century, t h e c o a l i ndus t ry w a s t h e area's Simultaneously with t h e deve.lopment of t h e c o a l i ndus t ry , major economy.

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n took i ts r i g h t f u l place i n t h e b a s i c economy. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad e s t ab l i shed major f r e i g h t yards i n t h e town- s h i p area. p l a n t s i n t h e area.

The

Other i n d u s t r i e s were encouraged by t h i s a c t i v i t y t o e s t a b l i s h

Two events that occurred a f t e r t h e l a te 1920s have g r e a t l y inf luenced t h e p re sen t development of t h e area. F i r s t w a s t h e in t roduc t ion of t rucks as a major means of t r a n s p o h i n g goods. b e n e f i c i a l program f o r a community; however, t h e area su f fe red twofold - once because r a i l r o a d a c t i v i t y s u b s t a n t i a l l y dec l ined , and aga in , when t h e development of t h e t rucking industry i n t h e planning area d i d no t keep pace and balance t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p i c t u r e .

Normally, t h i s would be a

The second f a c t o r inf luencing development has been t h e problem of providing adequate i n t e r s t a t e highway f a c i l i t i e s . long su f fe red from a s t a t u s of i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y . The cons t ruc t ion of I n t e r s t a t e 80 has m a t e r i a l l y r e l i eved t h i s problem and f u r t h e r cons t ruc t ion of major highway f a c i l i t i e s through t h e north-south c o r r i d o r between t h e Pennsylvania Turnpike a t Somerset and t h e c i t i e s of Buffalo, Syracuse, and Rochester i n New York S t a t e , w i l l t o a g r e a t e x t e n t , provide e x c e l l e n t access t o t h e rest of t h e s ta te and t h e nat ion.

Sandy Township had

Map I i l l u s t r a t e s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p of t h e DuBois-Sandy A r e a t o t h e s ta te of Pennsylvania and t h e no r theas t e rn United States. It i s evident from Map I t h a t Inters ta te 80 is a major f a c t o r i n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of r a w materials and f i n i s h e d products t o and from t h e area t o major popula- t i o n , i n d u s t r i a l , and import and export cen te r s .

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I CITY OF DUBOlS . . . SANDY TOWNSHIP AND

THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

I SLOPE AND TOPOGRAPHY

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Sandy Township is s i t u a t e d i n t h e northwestern most corner of C l e a r f i e l d County and i s cha rac t e r i zed by deep and narrow v a l l e y s . The major v a l l e y i n t h e Township is formed by Sandy Lick Creek, t h e headwaters of which i s i n t h e northern corner of t h e Township, a t an e l e v a t i o n of approximately 1,575 f e e t . The creek flows due south t o Sabula a t which po in t a dam w a s b u i l t c r e a t i n g Sabula Lake. p o i n t , t h e creek flows westward through the c e n t e r of DuBois then ou t of t h e Township j u s t south of F a l l s Creek.

From t h i s

The e l eva t ion of Sandy Lick Creek a t its exiG2rig po in t is approximately 1,400 f e e t and is t h e lowest po in t i n t h e e n t i r e township. The h ighes t po in t is approximately 2,020 feet i n t h e northern po r t ion of t h e Township.

The Township as a whole, is a p l a t eau d i s sec t ed with deep and narrow va l l eys . f o r development. c u l a r l y rugged series of v a l l e y s and h i l l s ranging i n e l eva t ion from 1,450 feet t o 2,000 f e e t .

The r idges are narrow and o f f e r only l imi t ed areas The northwestern s e c t i o n of t h e Township i s a p a r t i -

I n order t o eva lua te t h e land area i n terms of p o t e n t i a l use, a s l o p e a n a l y s i s has been made. The t o t a l area has been de l inea ted i n t h r e e s l o p e ranges: 1 t o 10%; 10 t o 20%; and over 20%. The b e s t land f o r municipal development is contained i n t h e 0 t o 10% range. The i n t e r - mediate s lope range could kupport s c a t t e r e d residences and some "cluster" development, when l i m i t e d t o t h e area not exceeding a 15% slope. Land over 15% should be combined with the land i n t h e 20% s lope range and reserved f o r conservation, refoygst-tion, wild l i f e refuge and r e c r e a t i o n purposes. Map 2 d i s p l a y s t h e topography of t h e township.

Approximately 20% of t h e Township land i s ' i n t h e f l a t s l o p e range; 27% i n t h e moderate range; and 53% i n t h e s t e e p c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . t h a t about two-thirds of t h e moderate range land can be success fu l ly developed, it is estimated t h a t about 40% of t h e t o t a l land area has a p o t e n t i a l f o r f u t u r e development while t h e remaining 60% should be reserved as : f o r e s t and r e c r e a t i o n area. i n Table 1.

Assuming

Slope c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s are summarized

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SLOPE

Under 10%

10% - 20% Over 20%

TABLE 1 SLOPE CHARACTERISTICS

f ACRES

6,680

9,020

17 ., 700

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33,400

% OF TOTAL

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SOURCE: U . S . G . S . Maps and Sandy Township 1965 Comprehensive Plan.

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EXISTING LAND USE

a Each type of land u s e i n Sandy Township has been i d e n t i f i e d and de l inea ted on t h e map e n t i t l e d "Existing Land Use". land has been c l a s s i f i e d i n t o s e c t i o n s which include: commercial, i n d u s t r i a l , pub l i c and semi-public and vacant.

(Map 1). The r e s i d e n t i a l ,

C lea r ly ind ica t ed on t h e map is t h e f a c t t h a t major t ransporta- t i o n and employment o p p o r t u n i t i e s have played a l a r g e p a r t i n t h e e a r l y development of t h e township.

The in f luence of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i s evidenced by r e s i d e n t i a l and commercial development following t h e roads r a d i a t i n g from t h e c e n t e r of DuBois (i.e., Routes 219, 119, 255). The in f luence of employment is evidenced by t h e gene ra l bui l t -up cha rac t e r of t h e land ad jacen t t o and w i t h i n reasonable commuting d i s t a n c e t o major employment oppor- t u n i t i e s . Other i n f luences a f f e c t i n g the development includes t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of pub l i c water and sewer. occurred where both f a c i l i t i e s have been approved.

The g r e a t e s t development has

Res iden t i a l

Res iden t i a l development i n Sandy Township has increased s ign i - f i c a n t l y s i n c e 1965. According t o t h e 1965 Comprehensive Plan, t h e r e w e r e 1,409 r e s i d e n t i a l u n i t s i n 1963 compared t o an estimated 3,000 u n i t s i n 1980. Even though t h e number of housing u n i t s increased 56 percent , t h e r e i s s t i l l a r e l a t i v e l y unlimited supply of good land a v a i l a b l e f o r f u t u r e development. This is p r imar i ly due t o t h e f a c t t h a t over 40% of t h e land is r e l a t i v e l y f l a t having a s l o p e of less than t e n percent (Map 2). l o t s and crowded condi t ions is present only i n The development of t h i s s e c t i o n was hampered by uneconomical sub- d i v i s i o n plans r e f l e c t i n g excessive street area and narrow l o t s . Since t h e enactment of subdivis ion r egu la t ions , t h i s has n o t been a problem as evidenced by t h e remainder of t h e r e s i d e n t i a l areas which r e f l e c t 1 a r g e r . l o t s with ample open space.

The problem of s m a l l t h e Sandy area.

Commercial Land U s e

There are approximately 150 commercial es tabl ishments i n Sandy Township. Approximately ha l f of t hese commercial uses comprise of highway r e l a t e d f ac i l i t i e s loca ted along t h e major roadways. These establ ishments have formed commercial c o r r i d o r s along Routes 219, 119, 322 and 255 which are o r i en ted t o s e r v e t h e needs of t h e

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t r a v e l e r . Another m j o r c o m e r c i a 1 ewtbty is t h e DtlBois M a l l which attracts people t o t h e area from approximately a fo r ty - m i l e rad ius . Other commercial e n t e r p r i s e s are spo t loca ted throughout t h e township and c a t e r s more t o t h e everyday needs of t h e c i t i z e n s .

I n d u s t r i a l Land U s e

A t p resent , t h e r e are n ine i t .dustrSes loca t ed i n Sandy Town- ship. They occupy approximately 7 5 percent of t h e land zoned f o r i n d u s t r i a l use wi th t h e remainder of t h e land expected t o be used f o r expansion of t h e s e i n d u s t r i e s . These i n d u s t r i a l areas are loca ted i n s e c t i o n s of t h e townsh"p which have e x i s t i n g services necessary t o ope ra t e a manufacturing f i rm. I n t h e f u t u r e , i n d u s t r i a l expansion should occur i n areas which have s e r v i c e s a v a i l a b l e o r t h e Beaver Meadow I n d u s t r i a l Park loca ted in DuBois.

Publ ic and Semi-PubPic Land U s e

Approximately 11 percent of t o t a l land area Sn Sandy Township This category provides is used f o r publ ic and semi-public purposes,

space f o r schools , churches, municipal needs, small parks and similar uses p lus t h e State Game Lands.

Vacant Lands

I n Sandy Township, 6.8 percent of t h e land is c l a s s i f i e d as vacant. This category c o n s i s t s of t h e f loodp la in areas and con- se rva t ion d i s t r i c t s . Development should occur i n these areas only i f i t is deemed necessary.

Summary

s h i p during t h e p a s t decade, t he re i s s t i l l land a v a i l a b l e f o r f u t u r e development. For t h e most p a r t , t h i s development would de- pend upon an inc rease i n populat ion and economic a c t i v i t i e s . This development should occur i n areas where sewer and water se rv ices are ava i l ab le . Also t o ensure order ly growth, t h e zoning and subdiv is ion r egu la t ion should be enforced.

Eventhough a l o t of development has taken p l ace i n Sandy Town-

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POPULATION STUDY

One of t h e b a s i c i n g r e d i e n t s of planning is a determinat ion of land The purpose of such a study is t o promote t h e most appro- u se p a t t e r n s .

p r i a t e u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e land i n term of t h e area's heeds and o b j e c t i v e s .

To perform t h i s t a sk , i t is necessary t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e p a s t , p re sen t , and f u t u r e popula t ion of t h e area. i ts composition and c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and its spa t ia l d i s t r i b u t i o n w i l l i n f l u e n c e . t h e p a t t e r n of land use. From such s t u d i e s , information is obtained f o r e s t ima t ing r e s i d e n t i a l space requirements f o r va r ious dwell ihg types c o n s i s t e n t wi th e x i s t i n g and a n t i c i p a t e d family formations, income l e v e l s , and needs i n each segment of t he l i f e s t y l e .

The s i z e of t h e populat ion,

I n a d d i t i o n t o land use purposes, populat ion information can be va luable i n o the r ways. of labor f o r c e which is , o r may become, va luable i n t h e community. Educat ional information may be va luable i n i n d i c a t i n g the gene ra l educat ion l e v e l of t h e community, an important f a c t o r i n determining t h e i n d u s t r i a l and c u l t u r a l p o t e n t i a l of a community. va luab le i n i n d i c a t i n g t h e q u a l i t y composition of t h e l o c a l popula t ion , p a r t i c u l a r l y wi th r e spec t . t o i t s p o r e n t i a l s t a b i l i t y .

Age and sex u i s t r i b u t i o n can i n d i c a t e t h e type

Marjltal s t a t u s information is,

P a s t Trends

The populat ion of Sandy Township has increased about 43.6% during t h e p a s t t h i r t y (30) yea r s , from a populat ion of 5,245 i n 1950 t o an est imated populat ion of 7,535 i n 1980. During t h e same t i m e per iod , DuBois and C l e a r f i e l d County populat ions decreased 19.5% and 3.4%, r e s p e c t i v e l y , while t h e S t a t e ' s populat ion displayed an inc rease of 12.6%. The l a r g e s t i nc rease i n Sandy Townshig occurred during the 1970's when t h e populat ion l e v e l increased by 40.3%'or 2,175 persons. Table 2 shows the l o s s e s and ga ins f o r t h e years 1950 through 1980.

Recent Trends

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I Prel iminary populat ion f i g u r e s f o r Sandy Township i n d i c a t e an inc rease

of 40.6% i n populat ion from 1970 t o 1980. t i o n changes t h a t have occurred. Cne f a c t o r t h a t must be considered i n populat ion a n a l y s i s is the r e l a t i o n s h i p between b i r t h s , dea ths , and populat ion change. S t a t i s t i c s f o r t he years 1960-1980 were used f o r t h e populat ion a n a l y s i s . (Table 3)

Table 3 d i s p l a y s t h e popula-

11. r

Table 2

POPULATION LOSSES AND GAINS FOR 1950 THROUGH 1980

19 50 1960 19 70 19 80 Pop. % Change Pop. % Change Pop. % Change Pop. %Change

Sandy Township 5,245 -0.9 5,322 1 .5 5,360 0.7 7,600 ' 41.8

DuBois 11,497 -4.8 10,667 -7.2 10,112 -5.2 9,290 - 8.1

Clearf i e l d 85,957 -6.7 81,534 -5.1 74,619 -8.5 83,578 12 .o

P Pennsylvania* 10,498 6.0 11,319 7.8 11,800 4.0 11,866 0.6 h,

* i n thousands

SOURCE: U. S. Census of Populat ion.

1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980*

Sandy Township Births Deaths

89 94

. 98 80 79 .

84 71 66 83 76 95 73 78 82 79 75 90 58 106 81

39 45 48 40 40 33 40 61 48 47

60 66 48 54 58 73 62 62 64 59

TABLE 2

BIRTHS AND DEATHS

DuBois Births Deaths

236 190 199 204 179 192 144 145 170 167 160 147 131 110 141 118 131 131 152 139

140 151 '

134 148 142 153 159 152 126 129

129 121 142 132 125 102 94 115 111 120

*1980 f igures e s t imated from the years 1970-1979 SOURCE: Department of Health

1 3 .

CPearf i e l d Co. Births

1,717 1,726 1,608 1,506 1,401 1,399 1,247 1,284 1,278 1,296

1,286 1,212 1,207 1,146 1,138 1 p 102 1,199 1 9 201

1,218 1 s 200

Deaths

842 9 38 916 950 956 927 921 950 955 917

907 .892 890 902 954 896 895 839 844 894

Pennsylvania Births Deaths

240,172 120,543 226,393 122,989 221,537 126,199 218,515 123,845 204,105 125,670 195,869 126,820 188,706 125 ;494 185,729 130,802 185,046 126,704 192,154 126,564

180,939 126,597 163,110 127,136 153,272 126,483 151,458 122,943 148,942 120,459 148,004 120,882 153,415 118,853 151,438 119,279 157,533 117,097 160,026 122,629

I)

I I' I i c I E I

I

I I L I P I E

r

I' e

An i nc rease i n populat ion can come from a n a t u r a l i nc rease (excess of b i r t h s over dea ths) o r from in-migration. F a i l u r e t o d i s t i n g u i s h between t h e two can r e s u l t in masklng the t r u e n a t u r e of t h e populat ion t rend . For example, t h e census might show a s u b s t a n t i a l i nc rease i n populat ion f o r an area. b i r t h rate and might a c t u a l l y The n a t u r a l populat ion change f o r Sandy Township, DuBois, C l e a r f i e l d County 8

and Pennsylvania are presented i n Table 4. 1960 through 1970 show an average of 1.86 b i r t h s f o r each dea th i n Sandy Township. For DuBois., C l e a r f i e l d County and Pennsylvania, t h e averages w e r e 1 .27 ,1 .56 and1.64 r e spec t ive ly . For t h e per iod 1971 through 1980, t h e b i r t h s per death f i g u r e s were 1 .34 , 1 .14, 1.13 and 1 .28 f o r Sandy Township, DuBois, C l e a r f i e l d County and Pennsylvania, r e spec t ive ly . These f i g u r e s i n d i c a t e a propor t iona te ly g r e a t e r n a t u r a l i nc rease i n Sandy Township than i n t h e o t h e r areas, but no t s i g n i f i c a n t l y enough t o account f o r t he l a r g e growth t rend evident in populat ion.

However, t h e inc rease might come from a high h ide an out migrat ion of a d u l t s .

Calcu la t ions f o r t h e per iod

14.

Table - 4

NATURAL POPULATION CHANGE

SANDY TOWNSHIP

Bi r ths Deaths Natura l Increase % B i r t h s t o Deaths

DUBOIS

B i r t h s Deaths Na tu ra l Increase

i- % B i r t h s t o Deaths cn

CLEARFIELD COUNTY

B i r t h s Deaths Natura l Increase % B i r t h s t o Deaths

PENNSYLVANIA

B i r t h s Deaths Natura l Inc rease % B i r t h s t o Deaths

1961-19 7 0 T o t a l

820 44 1 379

1 .86

1 , 826 1 , 4 3 4

39 2 1.27

1 4 , 4 6 2 9 ,272 5 ,190

1 . 5 6

2 ,058 , 226 1 ,255,630

802 , 596 1 . 6 4

SOURCE: PA S t a t e Heal th Data Center.

1971-1975 Tota l

407 2 86 1 2 1

1 . 4 2

6 89 6 49

40 1.06

5 ,989 4,545 1 ,444

1 . 3 2

797 , 7 2 1 623,618 174,103

1 . 2 8

. .

- 0-

1 9 76

75 7 3

2 1 . 0 3

1 1 8 10 2

16 1 . 1 6

1 , 1 0 2 896 206

1 . 2 3

1 4 8 , 0 0 4 1 2 0 , 882

27 , 1 2 2 1 .22

1977 19 7 8

90 58 62 6 2 28 - 4

1 .45 0 . 9 4

1 3 1 1 3 1 9 4 115 37 16

1 . 3 9 1 . 1 4

1 , 1 9 9 1 , 2 0 1 895 839 30 4 36 2

1 . 3 4 1 , 4 3

153,415 1 5 1 , 4 3 8 1 1 8 , 8 5 3 119,279

34,562 32,159 1 .29 1.27

1 9 7 1-19 80 1 9 79 19 80 T o t a l

10 6 8 1 817 6 4 59 606 42 22 2 1 1

1 . 6 6 1 . 3 7 1.35

15 2 139 1 ,360 1 , 1 9 1 111 1 2 0

4 1 19 169 1 .37 1 .16 1 .14

1 , 218 1 9 zoo 11,909 84 4 894 8 , 9 1 3 374 30 6 2,996

1 . 4 4 1 .34 1 , 3 4

157,533 1 6 0 , 0 2 6 1 ,568,137 117,097 122,629 1 , 2 2 2 , 3 5 8

1 .35 1 . 3 1 1 . 2 8 40,436 37,397 345 , 779

4 I 9 I I J . I 4 I 1 I

I I J I @I I 1

0

1 0

Table 5 displays information relating to population changes, including figures for migration. It can be seen that an out-migration of 6.4% occurred in Sandy Township during the 1960's. comparable period of 1970 through 1980 indicated a 36.6% increase attributed to in-migration. It appears, therefore, that in-migration is presently accounting for the major portion of the population increase during the past decade.

Estimates for the

16.

Sandy Township

Population 1960 Net Natural Increase 1961-197G

Theoretical Population, 1970 Actual Population, 1970

Out-Migration Above, as % of 1960 Population.

Population 1970 Net Natural Increase 1971-1980

Theoretical Population 1980 Population 1980

In-Migra t ion Above, as of 1970 Population

5,322 379

5 , 701 5,360

- 341 - 6.4

5,360 211

5,571 7,600

+1,964 36.4

17

Populat ion P ro jec t ions

J

1 I 'c 1

A p ro jec t ion of f u t u r e populat ion is an important p a r t i n es t imat ing land use needs, s i z e of f u t u r e markets, s e r v i c e s to be provided by u t i l i t i e s , t h e need f o r schools , sewers, h o s p i t a l s , water, parks , highways and o t h e r pub l i c s e rv i ces . Publ ic o f f i c i a l s need such information f o r determining t a x po l i cy , zoning and o t h e r matters.

A p red ic t ion of t h i s type must be based on a populat ion p ro jec t ion . An important d i s t i n c t i o n must be made between p ro jec t ions and p red ic t ions . A 'predic tor a t tempts t o estimate t h e f u t u r e . only p a r t i a l l y by t h e p a s t and exe rc i se s h i s personal i n s i g h t and knowledge of t h e area of p red ic t ion . The p ro jec to r , by c o n t r a s t , exe rc i se s l i t t l e personal i n s i g h t , bu t assumes t h a t t he e x i s t i n g s o c i a l , economic and p o l i t i c a l f o r c e s w i l l remain f a i r l y similar t o those t h a t shaped populat ion growth and composition i n the pas t . base f o r t h e p red ic t ion . Y e t , i n t he f i n a l a n a l y s i s , human judgement must make the f i n a l determinat ion.

I n so doing, h e is guided

The p ro jec t ion should a c t as a f i rm

It should be s t r e s s e d t h a t no ' technique f o r a n t i c i p a t i n g t h e f u t u r e is i n f a l l i b l e . The inf luences t h a t might a f f e c t t h e f u t u r e populat ion of an a rea are too numerous and var ied t o be r e f l e c t e d by even t h e most mathematically soph i s t i ca t ed techniques. I t should be r e a l i z e d a l s o t h a t a populat ion inc rease does not necessa r i ly mean economic growth. r e l a t i o n s h i p between economic h e a l t h and populat ion growth is much more complex. I n some cases , a dec l ine i n populat ion might be good i n order t o raise pe r c a p i t a income l e v e l s and br ing the labor fo rce i n l i n e wi th employment oppor tun i t i e s . .

The

I t should a l s o be noted t h a t population estimates f o r small areas are s u b j e c t t o more e r r o r than es t imates f o r l a r g e , h ighly populated areas. A s l i g h t e r r o r i n the estimate of a t rend movement i n a l a r g e c i t y , f o r example, might have l i t t l e p r a c t i c a l e f f e c t on the f i n a l r e s u l t s . i n t he case of a s m a l l town, such an e r r o r might have a s e r i o u s impact on t h e v a l i d i t y of r e s u l t s .

However,

The l eng th of t h e f o r e c a s t w i l l have an inf luence on t h e p ro jec t ion . Obviously, t he condi t ions t h a t are l i k e i y t o p r e v a i l wi th in t h e next t e n yea r s can be est imated wi th g r e a t e r assurance than those t h a t might develop over a longer period of t i m e . The t i m e period used i n t h i s s tudy is t h i r t y yea r s , 1980 t o 2010. The f a c t t h a t short-range f i g u r e s are l i k e l y t o be more accu ra t e should not d e t r a c t from the d e s i r a b i l i t y of t h e long-range estimate. I f nothing else, such estimates fu rn i sh a base f o r f u r t h e r r ev i s ion .

For purposes of t h i s s tudy, t he weighted average t rend a n a l y s i s method w a s used. This method takes a h i s t o r i c a l look a t the p a s t populat ion t o p ro jec t f u t u r e populat ions. It can be seen t h a t on ly a s l i g h t increase i n populat ion w a s reported f o r Sandy Township f o r t h e years 1950 through 1970.

18.

I n comparison, between t h e yea r s 1970 through 1980 t h e populat ion increased 41.8 percent . completion of 1-80 which Increased em?loyment oppor tun i t i e s . Because of t h i s i nc rease in .popu la t ion , i n t h e Rast decade as compared t o t h e decades of t h e 1950's and 1960's, a weighted average w a s a t t ached t o t h e f i g u r e s t o balance t h e popula t ion growth. From t h i s average, f u t u r e popula t ion f i g u r e s w e r e p ro jec ted . The p r o j e c t i o n s are shown on.Chart 1. I f p re sen t t r ends cont inue, t h e p r o j e c t i o n i n d i c a t e s a populat ion of 7,900 i n 1985, 8,300 i n 1990, 9,000 i n 2000 and 9,800 i n 2010 f o r Sandy Township. This r ep resen t s a populat ion growth of approximately 30% over t h e next t h i r t y years . This i nc rease w i l l have important impl ica t ions as to t h e l e v e l of s e r v i c e s and f a c i l i t i e s which w i l l be needed i n t h e fu tu re . O f f i c i a l s must be made aware of t h i s s i t u a t i o n so t h e i r dec i s ion and p lans can be designed t o provide f o r t h e s e needs.

Most of t h i s growth can be cont r ibu ted t o t h e E 0

c

19.

! 8 , 0 0 0

7 , 0 0 0

POPULATION PROJECTIQN

1 Y E A R

1 20.

Sandy Township h a s received a l a r g e p a r t of t h e populat ion growth i n western C l e a r f i e l d . County during t h e p a s t decade. With continued i n d u s t r i a l and commercial expansion, t h i s - p o p u l a t i o n growth can be expected t o continue i n the f u t u r e , e s p e c i a l l y s i n c e Sandy Township contains a s i g n i f i c a n t amount of developable land surrounding DuBois, t h e only c i t y .in C l e a r f i e l d County.

The impact of t h i s populat ion inc rease can be seen i n the rise i n t h e number of new houses. t he Township and by 1980, t h i s number had increased t o 3,009 u n i t s accord- i n g t o t h e 1980 housing census. This r e p r e s e n t s an i n c r e a s e of 56% o r 1,086 housing u n i t s .

I n 1970, a t o t a l of 1,923 housing u n i t s e x i s t e d i n

The major development h a s occurred i n areas contiguous t o the City of DuBois. This is evidenced by the Sandy area t o t h e south, Oklahoma and Sha f fe r t o t h e east , Clear Run t o the north and Adrian t o the w e s t . S a t e l l i t e communities have a l s o developed as evidenced by West L ibe r ty i n t h e southern p o r t i o n of t h e Township and Sabula i n the e a s t e r n p a r t of t h e Township.

Since no t a l l d e t a i l e d 1980 f i g u r e s f o r Rousing are n o t a v a i l a b l e a t t h i s t i m e , t he 1970 f i g u r e s w i l l be used i n a format t h a t w i l l al low f o r easy updating as soon as , t h e information becomes a v a i l a b l e . Estimated 1980 f i g u r e s w e r e der ived from bu i ld ing permits and a windshield survey.

The majori ty of t h e r e s i d e n t i E l u n i t s i n Sandy Township are classi- f i e d as single-family u n i t s . I n 1970, t he re w a s a t o t a l of 1,689 s ing le - family u n i t s compared t o approximately 2,572 u n i t s i n 1980. Even though many r e s i d e n t s l ive i n s i n g l e family houses, t he g r e a t e s t impact of housing starts can be seen i n the rise of mobile homes. During t h e 1970s, the number of mobile homes i n Sandy Township increased 175 pe rcen t . This s h i f t can be p a r t l y a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e r ise i n bu i ld ing c o s t s and mortgage rates. Table 6 d i s p l a y s t h e type of s t r u c t u r e i n Sandy Township.

TABLE - 6

Type of S t r u c t u r e

S ing le Family Multi-Family Mobile Home -- T o t a l

19 70 1,689 109 125 1,923

19 80 2,572 8 4 344 3,000

% Inc rease + 52 - 22 + 175 -k 56

SOURCE: U. S . Census 1970 and Building Permits

0

The number of persons i n the households and the s i z e of the housing u n i t s are s i g n i f i c a n t i n determining the e x i s t i n g u t i l i z a t i o n of t he housing s tock and the poss ib l e demands f o r c e r t a i n types of housing i n the fu tu re . As seen i n Table 7, the major i ty of the households i n the area conta in four persons, while Table 8 d isp lays t h a t t he average s i z e of the u n i t s is f i v e rooms. This seems t o i n d i c a t e t h a t a r e l a t i v e l y high proport ion of one and two person households are now occupying housing u n i t s l a r g e r than what they might need. This type of s i t u a t i o n can lead t o a s c a r c i t y of housing u n i t s f o r fami l ies moving i n t o t h e area. These l a r g e r u n i t s could poss ib ly be converted i n t o mul t ip l e u n i t s t o house smaller fami l ies .

J I

Number of Persons Per Household

1

2

e I

3

4

5

6 o r more

TABLE 7 -

Size of Households 1980

Number of Persons Percentage of Persons

475 6.3

1,630 21.4

SOURCE: U. S. Census, 1980.

1,509

1,736

1,150

1,100

19.9

22.8

15.1

14.5

22

TABLE 8 - I Household Si-ze

Number of Rooms Number of Housing Units Percentage of Households

1 6 0.3

2 24 Q.8

3 87 2.9

4. 403 13.7

5 677 22.9

6 or more 1,754 59.4

SOURCE: U. S. Census, 1980.

Another f a c t o r i n determining the v i t a l i t y and charac te r of a community and i t s a b i l i t y t o attract new development i s the housing condi- t i on . The 1970 Census made no attempt t o d i s t ingu i sh between sound, d e t e r i o r a t i n g and d i l ap ida ted housing u n i t s . Since 1980 Census da t a is not a v a i l a b l e a t t h i s t i m e , t he age of t he housing and t h e windshield survey done i n May, 1980, w i l l b e used t o determine homing condition.

Data on Conditions i s sketchy and o f t e n outdated o r subjec t ive .

As shown on Table 9, approximately 37.5 percent of the e x i s t i n g u n i t s were b u i l t p r i o r t o 1940. condi t ion, b u t given cons t ruc t ion techniques, i t i s probable t h a t they are d e t e r i o r a t i n g ( i . e . , have some minor r e p a i r s such as plumbing, chipped p a i n t and l o s t sh ing le s ) . Comparing t h i s d a t a wi th the information obtained from t h e windshield s tudy, i t w a s es t imated t h a t approximately 100 houses are i n substandard condi t ion and 400 houses i n need of some minor r e p a i r . It i s recognized t h a t many of these s t r u c t u r e s could be upgraded t o s tandard condi t ion wi th a l i t t l e work. It is recommended t h a t the governing body of Sandy Township enac t a housing code t h a t would se t i n t o p r a c t i c e maintenance requirements which, when enforced, would r e s u l t i n an o v e r a l l upgrading of bui ld ing condi t ions. '

These u n i t s are not necessa r i ly i n poor

1

23.

TABLE 9

I I1 L I 4 I 1 I

a I

I J I *

Age of Housing

Year B u i l t Number of Units

1939 o r Before 1,110

1940 - 1949 19 4

1950 - 1959 27 2

1960 - 1969 305

1970 - 1980 1,077

SOURCE: 1980 Preliminary Census of Housing.

I n summary, the populat ion growth experienced i n Sandy Township during the p a s t decade has s t r a i n e d the e x i s t i n g housing inventory. encouraging bui ld ing and r e h a b i l i t a t i n g e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s , Sandy Township w i l l be a b l e t o absorb the inc rease i n population.

By

24.

INFRASTRUCTURE

. I n f r a s t r u c h i r e might be defined as bas i c services necessary f o r development t o take p lace and which genera l ly f a l l i n t o two broad ca t egor i e s r e l a t i n g e i t h e r t o u t i l i t i e s o r t r anspor t a t ion . inc lude i t e m s such as t h e provis ion of water, sewage t reatment , r e fuse d isposa l , gas , e l e c t r i c i t y , and telephone serv ices . Transportat ion i n f r a s t r u c t u r e involves ra i l , a i r and water t r anspor t a t ion f a c i l i t i e s as w e l l as major highway networks (See s e c t i o n on t r anspor t a t ion ) . Whether o r no t s p e c i f i c u t i l i t i e s o r t r anspor t a t ion f a c i l i t i e s are needed depends on the type of development and i t s r e l a t i v e loca t ion . E l e c t r i c power, water, sewer and t r anspor t a t ion access are t h e most bas i c types of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e necessary f o r development of a p a r t i - c u l a r s i te . Of t h e four , e l e c t r i c i t y is the only completely f l e x i b l e type of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t h a t does not r equ i r e a l a r g e c a p i t a l investment on t h e p a r t of the community. The remaining t h r e e w i l l most l i k e l y r equ i r e some s o r t of investment, even though t h e r e are a l t e r n a t i v e s .

Ut i l i t ies

E l e c t r i c Power

Sandy Township is provided e l e c t r i c a l s e r v i c e by Pennsylvania E l e c t r i c (Penelec) and by United E l e c t r i c Cooperative, Inc. (Unilec). Penelec serves the developed sec t ions of Sandy Township while Unilec, a r u r a l electric cooperat ive, se rves the out ly ing sec t ions . Present s e r v i c e from both companies is more than adequate f o r e x i s t i n g needs. v ious ly , electric power is the only completely f l e x i b l e u t i l i t y . The systems can be expanded t o meet the needs as development occurs. This does not mean t h a t the system is limitless. Spec i f ic i n d u s t r i a l requirements may not be m e t and f u t u r e energy shortages may a f f e c t t h e a b i l i t y of t h e power companies t o meet f u t u r e meeds.

As s t a t e d pre-

Telephone Services

Telephone s e r v i c e is provided t o the area by t h e B e l l Telephone Company of Pennsylvania.

Gas Service

National Fuel G a s loca ted i n DuBois provides n a t u r a l gas se rv i ce t o t h e densely populated areas of Sandy Township.

i 1

25.

I

1 I 'I I I 8 I 4 I

0

1 I I

I J I

I 1

e

a!

Sewer Service

Sewage c o l l e c t i o n and d i sposa l i s provided t o t h e area by t h e Sandy

The Sandy Township Sewer Authority provides service through t w o systems; t h e DuBois Sewer System and the Slab Run Sewer System.

The DuBois Sewer System serves the City of DuBois and approximately 988 customers i n Sandy Township. c i t y t o provide t h i s service. i ts own l i n e s , treatment s e rv i ce is purchased from t h e City. is based on the number of ga l lons used and a percentage of t h e c o s t of opera t ing t h e p lan t . $20,000 a qua r t e r f o r t h e service.

Sandy Township and has secondary treatment with b io log ica l f i l t r a t i o n . The p l an t w a s designed t o handle an average d a i l y flow of s i x mi l l i on ga l lons a day (MGD), bu t t h e f ede ra l government has set a perimeter on t h e system of 2.2 MGD. I n 1979, t h e average d a i l y flow w a s 2.42 MGD so a tap-on ban w a s put i n t o e f f e c t . Due t o maintenace work on t h e l i n e s t o reduce i n f i l t r a t i o n , i n 1980 the average d a i l y flow w a s - 1 . 9 2 - W . The c i t y has r ecen t ly received a par t ia l release on the tap-on ban from the Department of Environmental Raources (DER), bu t t h e ban w i l l not be e n t i r e l y l i f t e d u n t i l the f a c i l i t y ge t s t e r i o r a r y treatment. r a ry treatment, DER w i l l increase the per imeter t o 3.5 MGD. Without t h e t e r i o r a r y treatment system, Sandy Township w i l l have t o f i n d some o ther means of coping with the ex t r a sewage crea ted by f u t u r e development.

development, i n f i l t r a t i o n and l ack of coordinat ion between t h e Township and c i t y .

funds t o buy equipment t o f l u s h out the l i n e s and doing a f e a s i b i l i t y study on the bene f i t s (cos t , e t c . ) of t h e t e r i o r a r y treatment system.

The Slab Run Sewage P lan t is located i n F a l l s Creek Borough, but is owned by Sandy Township. i n the v i c i n i t y of Exi t 1 6 of I n t e r s t a t e 80. is 70,000 ga l lons p e r day which f a r exceeds the average d a i l y flow of 25,000 ga l lons per day. o r extended a i r , depending on the pos i t ion of t he valves.

A t p resent , t he only problem with the system is i n f i l t r a t i o n and f u t u r e plans cons i s t of general mainhenance and expansion when necessary.

Township Sewer Authority o r by ind iv idua l on-lot systems.

The township has a con t r ac t with the Although t h e Township owns and maintains

This c o s t

Present ly , t h e Township pays t h e c i t y approximately

The sewage treatment p l an t is located on lower Quarry Avenue i n

With t e r io -

Problems of the system include: t h e tap-on ban which l i m i t s f u t u r e

Future plans f o r the system include continuing maintenance, obtaining

The p lan t provides se rv i ce t o 28 customers The capaci ty of t he p l an t

The t y p e of treatment i s contac t s t a b i l i z a t i o n

Water Service

panies i n Sandy Township. streams provide water t o the reservoi r which is located i n Home Camp (Union Township), seven miles east of DuBois. c i t y of 615 mi l l ion ga l lons per day.

The DuBois Water Company suppl ies water t o approximately t en com- Anderson Run, Montgomery Run and f i v e smaller

The r e se rvo i r has a capa- The f i l t r a t i o n p lan t is located i n

26.

t h e Galnett s e c t i o n of Sandy Township. four (4) m i l l i o n ga l lons per day which exceeds She average d a i l y flow of two (2) mil l ion ga l lons per day.

Exis t ing problems of t h e system are s i l t a t i o n i n t h e r e s e r v o i r and too many water companies i n the--Township. be jo ined toge ther t o form one water a u t h o r i t y which would work c l o s e l y wi th t h e DuBois Water Company.

Future p lans c o n s i s t of cons t ruc t ing t h r e e impoundment r e s e r v o i r s , two on Baker Run and one on t h e Sandy Lick Creek.

The capac i ty of t h e p l a n t is

These companies should

.

Refuse Disposal

two p r i v a t e con t r ac to r s , V a r i s c h e t t i and Facchine. f o r h i s own service. a t t h e l a n d f i l l s i te i n Brockport.

Refuse d i sposa l is provided t o the r e s i d e n t s of Sandy Township by Each r e s i d e n t pays

A t p resent , t h e con t r ac to r s d i spose of t h e r e f u s e

i

27.

EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES

0

I

a I

There are approximately 2,200 acres of land in Sandy Township used for public and semi-public purposes. It is generally within this category that land used for community facilities is found. ties include the Township Building, recreation facilities, fire and police facilities, schools, nursing homes, and hospitals. (Map 4) An ancillary use would include State Forests and Game Land Areas. Sandy Township is 51.4 square miles.

Sandy Township facili-

TheFotal area of

RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE Population growth and energy conservation in Pennsylvania and neigh-

boring states creates an urgent need for serious consideration of an over- all recreation program. often destroys natural recreation features. open space preservation should be integrated with new development activities.

Population growth and its resulting development Conservation programs and

Sandy Township is advantageously situated along 1-80 in close proxi- mity to State Game Lands, National Forest Land, and thousands of acres of scenic natural forest land that provides many opportunities for all kinds of recreation activity. sports including excellent hunting of both small and big game.

Th'e climate is excellent for summer and winter

from the

1. 2. 3 . 4 . 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 .

10.

The general topography of the Township and surrounding area is conducive to the development of a major all-year, all-age playground and recreation facility. Implementation of this potential would require full cooperation

following Federal, Stt'ate, and local organizations:

Governor's Office of Policy and Planning The Pennsylvania Fish and Game Commission The Department of Environmental Resources Department of Community Affairs Department of Interior Department of Agriculture The Department of Land and Water Conservation The Clearfield County Commissioners Various other Federal governmental agencies concerned with recreational development programs. The local school boards, municipal recreational commissions, planning commissions and other governing bodies of Sandy Township, the City of DuBois, and neighborhing communities.

28.

Through the e f f o r t s of a l l of these groups and/or agencies , acquis i - t i o n , f inancing, and program development couEd be achieved.

Exis t ing r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s ava i l ab le t o t h e c i t i z e n s of t h e Township have, f o r t h e most p a r t , been provided through p r i v a t e organiza- t i o n s o r the school d i s t r i c t . equipment, b a l l f i e l d s , t enn i s cour t s and p r i v a t e l y owned sportsmen's c lubs and golf courses. Sandy Townshi:?, i n f a c t , owns only one playground, loca ted a t the Adrian F i r e House. The faci l i t ies loca ted a t t h i s s i t e inc lude swings and o the r ch i ld ren ' s play equipment. The Sandy Township Recreation Committee a l s o provides a six-week summer playground program f o r t h e youth of t h e area. These se rv ices , a t present , are cont rac ted ou t t o t h e DuBois Area YMCA and are located a t t h e Adrian F i r e House, OBlahoma School, Wasson Avenue School a d the Sabula Grange.

These f a c i l i t i e s include; playground

Future r ec rea t ion plans include:

1. bui ld ing a s h e l t e r a t the Adrian s i te , 2. applying f o r DCA funds t o acqc i r e approximately twelve acres

of land i n the Oklahoma s e c t i c n of t he Township f o r development of a complete r ec rea t ion area, and

po r t ion of t he Township. 3. development of another r ec rea t ion s i t e i n the nor theas te rn

MUNICIPAL, BUILDING ,

The Sandy Township Municipal Building is located on Chestnut Avenue i n Sandy Township. The s t r u c t u r e houses the municipal s t a f f cons i s t ing of t h r e e supervisors , two secretarles, zoning o f f i c e r , and tax c o l l e c t o r , and t h e Sandy Township Pol ice Department.

POLICE PROTECTION

Po l i ce pro tec t ion i n Sandy Township i s provided by the Sandy Township Police Department and the Pennsylvania Stkite Pol ice , DuBois Barracks.

The Sandy Township Po l i ce Department is located i n the municipal A t present , t he re are four fu l l - t ime po l i ce bui ld ing on Chestnut Avenue.

o f f i c e r s who have a l l a t tended Basic Pol ice Training School. ment a v a i l a b l e t o the o f f i c e r s include: wi th rad ios , l i g h t s , etc.; p lus the Towriship has a con t rac t with the City of DuBois for r ad io service and the answering of telephone c a l l s including the 911 system. Future plans f o r the Department include:

The equip- t h ree p a t r o l vehic les equipped

r

1- 2. a t r a i n i n g program, f o r a l l o f f i c e r s , on the Model 1000 Smith

purchasing a Vascar Speed Timing Device,

and Wesson Breatholyzer.

29 0

I 1 I e I

J I d I 1 I

The Pennsylvania S t a t e Po l i ce Barracks is loca ted two m i l e s no r th of I n t e r s t a t e 80 on Route 219, i n Sandy Township. The barracks is made up of two troops; Troop C has j u r i s d i c t i o n i n t h e County, wh i l e Troop S has j u r i s d i c t i o n on t h e I n t e r s t a t e . The two t roops are loca ted i n t h e same bui ld ing and have v i r t u a l l y t h e same number of personnel as w e l l as t h e same type of equipment a v a i l a b l e t o them. Each t roop c o n s i s t s of twenty o f f i c e r s and two female po l i ce communications opera tors w i th in these twenty o f f i c e r s , t h e r e are two scuba d ive r s and one weight d e t a i l o f f i c e r . and one j eep wi th f i r e ex t inguisher and medical/emergency equipment.

The t roops each have eleven p a t r o l cars wi th r ad io r epea te r s

Future plans f o r t h e DuBois Barracks include:

1. 'standard updating of po l i ce t r a in ing ( f o e . , f i r e , crime, weight,

2. equipment purchases. e tc )

FIRE PROTECTION

F i r e p ro tec t ion i s provided t o t h e c i t i z e n s of Sandy Township by fou r volunteer f i r e companies. They are: The Adrian Volunteer F i r e mmpany; t h e Oklahoma Volunteer F i r e Company; Sandy Township Volunteer Hose Company; and t h e Sabula Volunteer F i r e Company.

The Adrian Volunteer F i r e Company is loca ted east of t h e City of DuBois i n t h e Adrian sec t ion of Sandy ffownship. The company c o n s i s t s of seventy volunteers , a l l of whom attended t h e Basic S t a t e F i r e f igh t ing School f o r for ty- f ive hours of i n s t ruc t ion .

Equipment a t t h e f i r e s t a t i o n includes: a 1980 Pearce Pumper with a 1,000 ga l lon capac i ty i n exce l l en t condi t ion; a 1978 four-wheel d r i v e Chevrolet 3/4 ton Mini-Pumper wi th a 250 ga l lon capac i ty i n exce l l en t condi t ion; and a 1974 Chevrolet Rescue Van i n exce l l en t condi t ion. Future p lans f o r t he s t a t i o n include expanding t h e bui ld ing t o accommo- d a t e the t h i r d t ruck.

The Oklahoma Volunteer F i r e Company is loca ted i n t h e unincorporated v i l l a g e of Oklahoma, l y ing w e s t of t h e City of DuBois. Its loca t ion enables t h e company t o serve t h e western and northwestern sec t ions of t h e Township. The company c o n s i s t s of t h i r t y volunteers , a l l of whom at tended t h e Basic S t a t e F i r e f igh t ing School f o r for ty- f ive hours of i n s Gruc t ion.

Equipment housed a t t h e f i r e s t a t i o n includes: a 1978 Mack Pumper wi th a 1,000 ga l lon capac i ty i n exce l len t condi t ion, a 1964 Dodge with a 1,000 ga l lon capac i ty i n f a i r condi t ion; and a 1978 Chevrolet' (6 x 6) Pumper wi th a 250 ga l lon capac i ty i n exce l l en t condi t ion. Future plans f o r t h e s t a t i o n include rep lac ing t h e 1964 Dodge.

The Sandy Township Volunteer Hose Company is loca ted j u s t east of U.S. Route 219, i n t h e unincorporated town of Sandy, southeas t of t h e Ci ty of DuBois. Its l o c a t i o n enables i t t o serve t h e southeas te rn s e c t i o n of Sandy Township. a t tended t h e Basic S t a t e F i r e f i g h t i n g School f o r fo r ty - f ive hours of in s t ruc t ion .

The company c o n s i s t s of s i x t y vo lun tee r s , a l l of whom

The t rucks housed a t t h i s l oca t ion include: a 1964 Chevrolet Rescue Panel Van i n good condi t ion ; a 1964 Chevrolet Tanker wi th a 1,000 ga l lon capac i ty i n fair t o good condi t ion ; a 1974 Bodge Power Wagon (FW Drive) wi th a 250 ga l lon capac i ty i n good condi t ion ; a 1974 Ford D i e s e l w i th a 1,000 ga l lon capac i ty and s i x a i r packs i n exce l l en t condi t ion ; and a 1960 Dodge Tanker wi th a 1,600 ga l lon capac i ty i n poor condition. Future p lans in- c lude rep lac ing t h e 1960 Dodge and resur fac ing t h e f i r e h a l l f l o o r .

The Sabula Volunteer F i r e Company is t h e newest company i n Sandy Township. no r theas t of t h e City of DuBois. whom a t tended fo r ty - f ive hours of Basic'State F i r e f i g h t i n g School.

The s t a t i o n is loca ted i n t h e Sabula s e c t i o n of Sandy Township, There are f i f ty-one volunteers , a l l of

Equipment loca ted a t t h e s t a t i o n include: a 1952 GMC FWD Pumper wi th a 750 ga l lon capac i ty i n good condi t ion ; a 1974 GMC Hi-Pressure Pumper wi th a 750 ga l lon capac i ty i n good condi t ion ; a 1970 Ford wi th 1974 Tanker Assembly with a 1,500 ga l lon capac i ty i n good condi t ion ; a fo ld ing canvas 2,500 ga l lon tank po r t ab le i n good condition; and a 1949 American LaFrance Pumper wi th a 750 ga l lon per minute capac i ty t h a t needs motor work. p lans inc lude purchasing a .1 ,000 ga l lon per minute pumper with a 3,000 g a l l o n capac i ty and f i x t h e American LaFrance.

Future

The f i r e p ro tec t ion i n Sandy Township a t present is adequate, b u t as t h e area continues t o grow and ga in population, more p ro tec t ion w i l l be needed. t h e need arisee.

The f i r e companies should consider p o s s i b i l i t i e s of expansion as

SCHOOLS

Sandy Township is a p a r t of t h e SuBois Area J o i n t School D i s t r i c t , which inc ludes , i n add i t ion t o Sandy Township and t h e Ci ty of DuBois, t h e Boroughs of F a l l s Creek and Trou tv i l l e , and t h e Townships of Brady, Bloom, Union, and Huston. The school program i n t h i s d i s t r i c t is housed i n t e n structures, two secondary and e i g h t elementary.

Table d i sp l ays information on t h e publ ic school bu i ld ings and enrollment i n t h e D i s t r i c t .

I *

i 1.

DuBois a l s o has one p r i v a t e High School t h a t se rves t h e D i s t r i c t . Central Chr i s t i an High School, loca ted on Hospi ta l Avenue i n DuBois, handles grades 9-12, and has a present enrollment of 275 (see Table 10 f o r more d e t a i l s ) .

31.

Pro j ected Grade Class Year Addis. / and. of Site Present SCHOOL Level ROOmS Capacity Built Renovas. Building Acreage Enrollment Enrollment 1985

High School 9-12

Middle School 7-8

Highland . Elementary K- 6

C.G. Johnson Elementary Sp. Ed. Annex K- 6

Juniata Elementary K- 6

Luthersburg

Oklahoma

Elementary K- 6 N

Elementary K- 6

Penf ield Elementary K- 6

Sykesvil l e Elementary K- 6

Wasson E 1 emen t ary K- 6

Central Christian High School 9-12

44

34

15

3 2s

21

9

22

8

10

26

17

1, 500

1,022

525

90 520

73s

.315

540

210

31 5

87 5

325

1963

1909

1977

1969 1955

1966

1978

1952

1964

1979

1977

1960

1979

1978

-

1976 1978

1976

-

1976

1975

-

-

Excel lent

Excel lent

Excellent

Excellent Excellent

Excellent

Exce 11 en t

Excellent

Excellent

Excel lent

Excel lent

Exce 11 ent

17.0

19.5

29.0

2.5

5.0

14.0

4.5

4.0

16.8

so .o

5 .o

1,426

704

33s

25 552

49 8

187

417

165

191

467

284 '

1,400

850

350

2s 5 so

so 0

19 5

470

175

200

500

275

There are a l s o two post-secondary schools in t h e Sandy Township/ DuBois area. and the DuBois Business College.

The DuBols Campus of t he Pennsylvania State Universi ty c o n s i s t s of t h r e e s t r u c t u r e s loca ted off of Route 255 i n DuBois. The school is a two year branch campus of Penn S t a t e , and a t present , has an enrollment of 620 day s tudents .

They are the DuBois Campus of Pennsylvania S t a t e Universi ty

The DuBois Business College is located on Beaver Drive i n DuBois and A t p resent , t h e r e are 215 o f f e r s a two year Associate Degree in Business.

s tudents enro l led i n the school.

LIBRARY

The l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s f o r Sandy Township are provided by t h e DuBois Publ ic Library located on South Brady Street i n DuBois. The l i b r a r y is a newly b u i l t f a c i l i t y and provides exce l len t s e rv i ces . The re s iden t s of Sandy Township pay a nominal f e e of ten d o l l a r s a year per family f o r t h e use of the f a c i l i t y .

Expansion of t h e s t r u c t u r e and an increase i n t h e f a c i l i t i e s and volumes should be planned i n accordance with pol icy and procedure of t h e S t a t e as s e t ' f o r t h i n the State Publ ic Library Assis tance Law, t h e Library Services and Construction Act of 1964, and t h e Bureau of Library Development, and t h e Pennsylvania Department of Publ ic Ins t ruc t ion . program, t h e maximum a i d and support t o t he l o c a l l i b r a r y board could be achieved.

By following t h i s

HOSPITALS

DuBois Hospi ta l , and Maple Avenue Hospital . These f a c i l i t i e s provide exce l l en t hea l th ca re se rv i ces t o the r e s iden t s of t he area.

There are two h o s p i t a l s located i n t h e DuBois/Sandy Township area;

DuBois Hospi ta l is loca ted on Hospi ta l Avenue i n t h e City of DuBois. The f a c i l i t y , with a highly qua l i f i ed medical s t a f f , has a compliment of 138 beds and e igh t bas s ine t s . A t present , t h e h o s p i t a l is expanding. When t h e expansion is completed, t h e r e w i l l 3e; a fou r th and f i f t h f l o o r a d d i t i o n which w i l l house a four bed hospice u n i t , a p e d i a t r i c s u n i t and a family- centered materni ty u n i t , and a fourteen u n i t medical arts center ( t o be b u i l t ac ross t h e s t r e e t ) . The hosp i t a l is a l s o applying t o t h e Health Serv ice Agency f o r a f ixed C.A.T.-SCAN and a p e d i a t r i c i n t ens ive care u n i t .

r

1

I r

The Maple Avenue Hospi ta l is located on Maple Avenue i n DuBois. The f a c i l i t y has 103 beds and four teen iass inets and a fu l l - t ime equivalent s t a f f of 260. an add i t ion being constructed. bond.

A t p resent , t he ex i s t ing s t r u c t u r e is being renovated and This is being financed through a tax- f ree

33.

NURSING HOMES

I I L

0

I c

The Chr i s t of King Manor Nursing Home is loca ted on West Long Avenue i n Sandy Township. w i th one hundred beds wi th e igh ty beds c e r t i f i e d f o r in te rmedia te nursing care and twenty beds c e r t i f i e d f o r s k i l l e d nursing care.

This publ ic ly owned, non-profit f a c i l i t y is equipped

The DuBois Nursing Home is located on South 8 t h S t r e e t i n DuBois. This non-profit f a c i l i t y is equipped with one hundred e ighty beds wi th s i x t y beds c e r t i f i e d f o r intermediate nursing care and one hundred twenty beds c e r t i f i e d f o r s k i l l e d nursing care.

These two nursing homes provide exce l len t service t o t h e r e s i d e n t s of t he area.

3 4 .

SANDY TOWNSHI..

- iiAap4- COMMUNITY FACILITIES

P - Municipsii Buildhg

& - State Police

I P

L - F D P ~ Department

- Public Schools

EXISTING HIGHWAYS AWD.TRANSPORTATION

0

i c 1

I

Regional and I n t e r s t a t e Highways .

Sandy Township include: and S t a t e Route 255.

Highways t h a t have a d i r e c t a f f e c t on t h e economic well-being of I n t e r s t a t e 80, U.S. Route 322, 219, and 119

I n t e r s t a t e 80 provides t h e major east-west access t o Sandy Town- sh ip . township and one loca ted i n t h e western s e c t i o n of t h e township, supply Sandy Township wi th good access east t o New York City and w e s t t o Ohio.

w a s t h e major east-west highway before t h e cons t ruc t ion of 1-80. Present ly , t h i s road i s mainly used f o r s h o r t d i s t ance t r i p s and l o c a l t r a f f i c .

U.S. Route 219 provides access from Sandy Township southward t o t h e Pennsylvania Turnpike, and then on t o Maryland and West Virginia . It is a l s o t h e major access road nor th t o Bradford, PA, and Buffalo, NY. This road has long been proposed as a multi-lane, l imi ted access highway, bu t progress towards cons t ruc t ion has been slow. Mosr of U. S. Route 219 is two-lane wi th some problems of congestion and hazardous roadways. The highway present ly traverses the downtown sec t ion of DuBois, bu t t h e recommended l imi t ed access co r r ido r would by-pass t h e cen te r of DuBois, g r e a t l y reducing t r a f f i c problems.

U.S. Route 119 o r i g i n a t e s i n the southern p a r t of Sandy Township and proceeds southward t o Greensburg then on t o Uniontown and West Virginia .

S t a t e Route 255 or ig ina ted i n t h e City of Dudois and travels genera l ly northward through S t . Marys and terminates i n Johnsonburg,

Map - 5 disp lays t h e highways i n t h e area.

Two interchanges, one loca ted i n t h e eas t e rn sec t ion of t h e

U.S. Route 322 b i s e c t s t h e southern por t ion of t he township and

Local Highways

on U. S. Routes 219, 119, and 322; S t a t e Route 255; Leg i s l a t ive Routes 17030 and 17141 and Township Route 402. highway t r a f f i c t o and from Sandy Township.

The majori ty of t hese roads converge i n t h e City of DuBois. t r a f f i c e x i t s t he c i t y , t h e t r a f f i c flow tends t o decrease. This t rend ind ica t e s t h a t t he bui l t -up area of Sandy Township is adjacent t o the c i t y l i m i t s .

The major concern i n Sandy Township regarding l o c a l highways cen te r s

These rou te s ca r ry most of t h e

A s

36.

I

f

Major Highways Local Highways

- - - 37.

1 e

T r a f f i c volumes i d e n t i f y with reasonable accuracy t h e amount of

The h ighes t t r a f f i c count w a s a t through- t ra f f ic versus l o c a l traffic. , The numbers represent an annual twenty-four hour average f o r 1980. t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of Routes 219 and 255 i n t h e City of DUBO~S where 10,800 veh ic l e s w e r e counted. From t h i s po in t , t h e t r a f f i c is d i s - persed i n a l l d i r ec t ions . Map 6 d isp lays t h e t r a f f i c volume on t h e major highways i n Sandy T o w n s h i .

minor streets. t i o n between t h e s e v e r a l p r i n c i p a l s ec t ions of t h e township and t h e r e s i d e n t i a l areas. The minor streets are considered as l o c a l streets which provide access t o a b u t t i n g p rope r t i e s .

I n t o t a l , t h e r e are approximately 67 m i l e s of l o c a l roads, 72 m i l e s of p r i v a t e roads (Treasure Lake) and 51 m i l e s of State and Federal roads i n Sandy Township. The State and Federal roadsB f o r t h e most p a r t , are paved with a permanent hard sur face ; while, of t h e 139 m i l e s of township and p r i v a t e roads, only 50 percent r e f l e c t an improved su r face (some of these being c inder o r s l a g ) .

Most of t h e roads i n Sandy Township were b u i l t before 1964 and have a right-of-way of 33 1 / 3 f e e t . t i o n s i n 1964, a l l newly developed streets have a right-of-way width of f i f t y f e e t . By enforcing t h e subdivision r egu la t ion to a s su re adequate set backs and right-of-ways, f u t u r e development can take p lace without t he major acqu i s i t i on .

The remainder of t h e roads are c l a s s i f i e d as e i t h e r secondary o r Secondary roads provide t h e p r i n c i p a l means of c i r cu la -

The remaining roads are d i r t .

Since t h e enactment of subdiv is ion regula-

38.

ECOROrn

I

Economic developncFL con t r ibu te s s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o t h e growth and s p a t i a l change i n the z.::zao v i d e employment o p p o r z n d c i e s and a t t r a c t people. me f u t u r e of t h e area, the re fo re , depeiachs t o a l a r g e ex ten t on t h e economic v i t a l i t y of t h e area.

A heal thy and expanding economy w i l l pro-

The growth of h & ? d d t i a l l o c a l i t i e s is a l s o dependent on t h e economy of t h e area as a whole. AdjoPning communities, (io@. City of DuBois), p a r t i c u l a r y , have s i g c G i c a n t c r o s s e f f e c t s on the growth and development of Sandy Township. I t T s important, t he re fo re , t o analyze n o t only t h e economy of i s o l a t e d communities w i th in a n area, but t h e in t e r - r e l a t ion - s h i p s between communities. I n t h i s r e spec t , t he f u t u r e of Sandy Township is bound c l o s e l y with the growth and development of DuBois.

F i n a l l y , t h e d i f f e r e n t s e c t o r s w i th in t h e economic system ope ra t e i n conjunction through a complex network of i n t e r - r e l a t i o n s h i p s . Manu- f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , f o r i n s t a n c e p generate money f o r t h e establ ishment of v i t a l i n t e r n a l t r a d e and s e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s which play an important p a r t i n t h e economic well-being of the area, and promote a hea l thy and enjoyable l i f e s t y l e among area re s iden t s .

For these reasoils, t he following economic a n a l y s i s w i l l d i s cuss t h e r eg iona l , county aid -i-ocal economies, r e spec t ive ly , i n o rde r t o reach a n understanding of those i s c t o r s and condi t ions which c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e economy of Sandy Townshlp a

REGION

Sandy Township lizs i n t h e h e a r t of t h e mountainous Allegheny P la t eau region of Pennsylvania. ' It is p a r t of a six-county North Central Pennsylvania Region tha.t includes t h e count ies of Cameron, C l e a r f i e l d , Elk, J e f f e r son , McKezn ard P o t t e r . I n 1980, t h e North Central Region contained 244,508 peopig d i s t r i b u t e d over 5,095 square m i l e s o r 3,260,800 acres.

Nearly 90% of t h e Land area i s composed of state, f e d e r a l and p r i v a t e f o r e s t s . Agricul ture , which r ep resen t s 8% of t h e landscape, i s di. .,iiiishing e s p e c i a l l y i n the north~rn count ies . The land is too h i l l y , and che s o i l too poor f o r i n t e n s i v e Zz-rming. Only a s m a l l po r t ion of t h e land is i n farms, and t h e amount is s t e a d i l y f a l l i n g . Dairying is t h e primar; sa rce of farm income. This Fs supplemented by pou l t ry r a i s i n g , sale of l i v e s t o c k and o the r cash crops, animal feed. Farms tend t o be small i n physical s i z e and, f o r t h e most p a r t , owner operated.

Major cash crops grown are hay and s m a l l g r a i n f o r

The p r i n c i p a l employment source is t h e manufacturing indus t ry . About 38% of the employment is engaged i n manufacturing; p r imar i ly , i n t h e machinery, appa re l , metals, acd s tone , c l a y , and g l a s s i n d u s t r i e s .

Coal, o i l , and n a t u r a l gas are t h e major r a w materials exported from the area. Although employment i n t h i s category decreased by 50% between 1960-1970, i t has increased during the l a t e 1970's and is supposed t o cont inue t o inc rease during t h e 1980's.

The 1980 populat ion base (est imated by t h e Census Bureau) r e p r e s e n t s This populat ion inc rease ind i - a 5.3% inc rease from t h e 1970 population.

cates a r ecen t r e v e r s a l i n t h e long-term d e c l i n e i n the r eg ion ' s populat ion.

Most of t h e r eg iona l populat ion inc rease has taken p l ace i n t h e townships surrounding t h e major employment c e n t e r s , while the l a r g e r boroughs a c t u a l l y dec l ined s l i g h t l y i n populat ion during t h e p a s t decade.

CLEARFIELD COUNTY

C l e a r f i e l d County con ta ins 1,139 square m i l e s wi th a 1980 est imated Over 83% populat ion of 80,184, 71.2% of which is r u r a l and 28.8% urban.

of t he land area is i n f o r e s t , and 5.9% is i n crop and pas tu re land.

Manufacturing

These b a s i c i n d u s t r i e s are t h e pr ime movers i n t h e o v e r a l l economic mechanism. Changes i n t h i s segment have s i g n i f i c a n t impacts on o t h e r economic a c t i v i t i e s , s o c i a l condi t ions , and populat ion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .

An examination of r ecen t t r ends i n manufacturing provides a p i c t u r e of t h e e x i s t i n g economic s i t u a t i o n i n terms of t h e manu- f a c t u r i n g indus t ry . I n 1978, t he re were 7,361 persons employed i n t h e County's 109 manufacturing es tab l i shments , a decrease of 195 jobs , o r 2.6% below 1977. The l a r g e s t provider of manufacturing jobs i n the County w a s t h e Apparel and Other Finished Products indus t ry . It employed 1,189 workers i n twelve p l a n t s , represent ing 16.2% of the county t o t a l . (12%) w e r e t h e eleven Stone, Clay, G l a s s and Concrete Products es tabl ishments . The four teen Food and Kindred Products p l a n t s were t h i r d wi th 861 employees (11.7%)- Next w a s t h e lone Trans- p o r t a t i o n Equipment manufacturer, wi th 785 workers (10.7%). There w e r e four o the r manufacturing ca t egor i e s which ind iv idua l ly accounted f o r a t least 5% of t o t a l county employment. These w e r e t h e E l e c t r i c a l and E lec t ron ic Equipment group with 747 employees ( lO. l%) , t h e one Measuring, Analyzing and Cont ro l l ing Instruments group wi th 595 employees (8.1%), t h e Fabricated Metal Products group, w i th 679 employees (9.2%) i n s ix p l a n t s , and t h e Non-Electrical Machinery group, wi th 454 workers (6.2%) 2n eleven p l a n t s . t he manufacturing i n d u s t r i e s i n C lea r f i e ld County.

Manufacturing is t h e lead ing indus t ry i n C lea r f i e ld County.

I n second p lace , wi th 887 employees

Table - l i d i s p l a y s

I r I i 1

41.

a I I I J I 1 I 'c

I n 1978, manufacturing wages and salaries i n C l e a r f i e l d County t o t a l e d $78.7 m i l l i o n , an inc rease of $ 4 . l m i l l i o n , o r 5.5% s i n c e 1977. The Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products i ndus t ry w a s t h e l a r g e s t con t r ibu to r t o wages and salaries wi th $12.8 m i l l i o n o r 16.2 percent . I n d u s t r i e s t h a t made up a t least 5% of t h e t o t a l f o r wages and salaries included: Food and Kindred Products w i th $9.6 m i l l i o n (12.1%); t h e Apparel and Other Related Products group, wi th $6.5 m i l l i o n (8.2%); t h e Non-Electrical Machinery group, $6.8 m i l l i o n (8.6%), and t h e Fabricated Metal Products group, $8.4 m i l l i o n (10.6%).

The va lue of product ion generated by C l e a r f i e l d County manu- f a c t u r e r s i n 1978 reached $383.4 mi l l ion . This w a s $40.1 m i l l i o n (11.7%) more than 1977 and a record high. Because of t h e confiden- t i a l i t y requirements, the d o l l a r amounts w i l l only b e mentioned f o r t h e fol lowing s i x manufacturing groups: Food and Kindred Products, $121.2 mi l l i on (31.6%); Stone, Clayj Glass and Concrete Products, $43.5 m i l l i o n (11.3%); Fabricated Metal Products, $38.9 mi l l i on (10.2%); Non-Electrical Machinery, $28.3 m i l l i o n (7.4%); Leather and Leather Products, $22.2 mi l l i on (5.8%); and Lumber and Wood Products, $19.5 m i l l i o n (5.1%). centage change of employment, wages and salaries, and va lue of produc t ion from t h e i r 1969 base year l e v e l s . 1970 and 1971 employment decl ined, bu t r e g i s t e r e d an inc rease i n 1972 and 1973. During 1974 and 1975, employment su f fe red a setback; however, by 1977, it had regained a l l of t h e loss su f fe red i n t h e two recess ion years . year period wi th a 20.3% gain over 1969. Both wages and salaries and va lue of production followed genera l ly upward courses during t h e 1969-1978 per iod and ended t h e decade wi th r e spec t ive increases ' of 124.8% and 184.4% over 1969, I n terms of personal income, an average C lea r f i e ld County manufacturing worker earned $5,725 i n 1969. I n 1978 , t h i s average w a s $10,697.

wages C lea r f i e ld County.

Figure 4 d e p i c t s t h e annual per-

It can b e seen t h a t i n

It decl ined i n 1978 but s t i l l ended t h e ten-

F i g u r e s i through 4. disp lay a ten-year review of employment, and salaries, va lue of production, and percentage change f o r

42.

TOTAL ALL INDUSTRIES

Food and Kindred Products

Apparel and Other Finished Products

Lumber and Wood Products

Furn i ture and .P Fix tu res ?

Paper and Al l i ed Products

P r in t ing and Pub 1 i s h i ng

Table 11 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES FOR CLEARFIELD COUNTY - 1978

Number of Establ ishments . Tota l Employment Wages and S a l a r i e s * Value of Production*

il % $ % $ % a w

109 7,361 78,742 383,427

-

861 1 1 . 7 9,565 12.1 121,216 31.6 14 12.8

1,189 16.2 6,472 8 .2 15,425 4 .O 12 11.0

5.1 25 22.9 295 4.0 2,641 3.3 19,511

15 0.2 124 0.1 349 0.1 3 . 2.7

1 1.0 216 2.9 D D - - .

8 7.3 208 2.8 1,519 1.9 4,174 1.1

0.5 1,962 3 2.7 11 0.1 16 9 0.2 Petroleum Refining

Rubber and Misc. Plastics

Leather and Leather Products

1 1.0 2 0 .1 D - D -

279 3.8 3,156 4 .O 22,166 5.8 3 2.7

Stone, Clay, Glass

and Concrete Products 11 10.1 887 12.0 12,784 16.2 43,514 11.3

D - ‘Tcformation Not Available

* - In Thousands

Primary Metal I n d u s t r i e s

Fabricated Metal Products

Non- Elec t r i c a1 Machinery

E l e c t r i c a l and E lec t ron ic

c. Machinery fc

Transportat ion Equipment

Measuring, Analyzing and Control Instruments

Misc. Manufacturing

Table 11 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES FOR CLEARFIELD COUNTY - 1978 (Cant.)-

Numb er of Es t a b lis hmen ts T o t a l Employment Wages and Sa la r i e s*

#

4

6

11

2

1

1

3

%

3.7

5.5

10.1

1.8

1.0

1.0

2.7

!I

103

679

454

747

785

595

35

% -

1.4

9.2

6.2

1 0 . 1

10.7

8.1

0.5

$

1,145

8,364

6,756

D

D

D

211

Value of Production*

$

3 , 214

38,942

28,292

D

D

D

545

% - 0.9

10.2

7.4

c

-

-

0.2

SOTJRCE: Pennsylvania I n d u s t r i a l census, 1978

D - Information Not Available

* - In Thousands

CLEARFIELD 17 - 12

EMP LOYMENB WAGES AND SALARIES EM P LOYWMT EMPLOYMENT FIGURE I

8,000

7,000

4,000

3,000

2 ,ow I

i 1,000 1 !

0 I

i 19

~~

3 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 6

MILLIONS F I G U R E 2 MI LLlONS 96

84

72

60

48

36

24

12

0 1969 70 -PI 72 73 74 75 76 77

I

VALUE OF PRODUCTION MILL IONS FIGURE 3 MI LLI ONS

PERCENTAGE CHANGE PERCENT F IGURE 4 PERCENT

480

4 20

360

300

2 4 0

I80

I20

60

0 I! 3 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

45.

210

I80

I50

I20

90

60

30

0

-50

R e t a i l Trade

0

Table 12 d i sp lays c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of r e t a i l t r a d e i n C l e a r f i e l d County. Although sales, p a y r o l l and t h e number of employees increased over t h e five-year period, the number of es tabl ishments decreased by 13.5 percent . employees. The inc rease i n sales and p a y r o l l can be a t least p a r t l y a t t r i b u t e d t o i n f l a t i o n . ranks highest f o r t h e six-county area.

This seems t o i n a c a t e l a r g e r es tabl ishments w i th more

I n terms of re ta i l sales, C l e a r f i e l d County

TABLE 12

RETAIL TRADE C l e a r f i e l d County

A. Census Period Change

Year Number of Establishments Sales*

1972 791 1977 6 84

155,554 286,299

Percent Change .-13.4 84.0

* I n Thousands

SOURCE: Census of R e t a i l Trade, 1972, 1977.

B. Regional Comparisons - 1977

Payroll* Employees

15,189 3,363 26,396 4,009

73.8 " 19.2

Number of Employees S a l e s Per Income Per County Pe r Establishment E s t ab1 is hment Establishment

Cameron 3.2 Clear f i e l d 5.9 Elk 4.4 J e f f e r s o n 4.0 McKean 4.6 P o t t e r 2.5

$168 419 26 9 271 2 72 166

$5,339 6,584 5,390 5,961 5,760 5,079

* I n Thousands

SOURCE: Census of Retai l Trade, 1977.

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale Trade i n Clearf i e l d County has increased s i g n i f i c a n t l y during t h e five-year census period. There has been a 9 percent i n c r e a s e i n t h e number of establishments, 191 percent i nc rease i n sales, 114 percent i nc rease i n pay ro l l , and 20 percent i nc rease i n employment. This t r end seems t o i n d i c a t e t h a t wholesale t r a d e is a growing business i n C l e a r f i e l d County.

46.

I n comparison with t h e o the r coun t i e s i n t h e n o r t h c e n t r a l region, C l e a r f i e l d County ranks h ighes t . Table 1 3 d i s p l a y s t h e census period change and r eg iona l comparison of wholesale t r a d e f o r C l e a r f i e l d County.

TABLE 1 3

WHOLESdE TRADE C l e a r f i e l d County


Year Number of Establishments Sales* Payrol l* Employees

1972

1977

100

109

88,588 7,281 899

258,399 15,593 1,087 -

Percent Change 9.0 191.7 114.1 20.9 * i n thousands SOURCE: Census of R e t a i l Trade - 1972, 1977.

B . Regional Comparisons

Number of Employees Income pe r County Per Establishment Sa le s Per Establishment* Employee

Cameron 2.3

C l e a r f i e l d 10.0

Elk 8.5 J e f f e r s o n 10.4

McKean 7.6

P o t t e r 3.8

$ 312

2,370

887

2,256

1,403

526

$ 13,571

14,344

10,209

11,236

12,405

9,648

SOURCE: Census of R e t a i l Trade, 1977.

* i n thousands Selected Service

Table d i s p l a y s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o.f s e l e c t e d services f o r C l e a r f i e l d County. During t h e five-year census per iod, s e l e c t e d services have increased s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n t h e county with a n i n c r e a s e o f ; 19 percent i n t h e number of es tabl ishments , 80 percent i n sales, 68 percent i n p a y r o l l and 22 percent i n employees. can be a t least p a r t l y con t r ibu ted t o i n f l a t i o n and populat ion growth. I n terms of comparison, C l e a r f i e l d County ranks second i n s e l e c t e d .

services i n t h e six-county region.

This i n c r e a s e

47.

P I

I I L I I. I

I

r e

r

i 4 I L I t I r

. .-.. . .

TABLE 1 4

SELECTED SERVICES

Clearf i e l d County


Employees Year Number of. Establishments Sales* Payrol l*

1972

1977

469

561

15,152 3,398

27,398 5,723

Percent Change 19.6 80.8 68.4 * i n thousands SOURCE: Census of Selected Services - 1972, 1977.

B. Regional Comparisons

Number of Employees County Per Establishment Sa le s Per Establishment*

Cameron 3.7

C l e a r f i e l d 1 .6

Elk 1.1

J e f f e r s o n 1.1

McKean 1 .2

Pdt ter 1 .2

$131

48

27

38

34

33

SOURCE: Census of Selected Services - 1977.

* i n ' t housands

741

905

22.1 ' I

Income Per Employee

$10,031

6,323

4,374

5,978

5,075

4,756

48.

SANDY TOWNSHIP

c I

The economy of Sandy Township is bound very c l o s e l y wi th t h a t of t h e Ci ty of DuBois. It i s impossible t o s e p a r a t e t h e economic e f f e c t s of bus iness and indus t ry i n e i t h e r Sandy Township o r DuBois. ope ra t ing e n t i t y , t h e economies of both are interwoven i n t o a n inseparable u n i t .

As an

To some e x t e n t , however, t h e ind iv idua l economic segments a t t r i b u t a b l e t o e i t h e r Sandy Township o r DuBois can be d i s t ingu i shed . where t h i s is poss ib l e , important f n s i g h t s i n t o t h e growth and development of Sandy Township can be gained.

I n those in s t ances

Manufacturing

s i m i l a r t o those of C l e a r f i e l d County. According t o t h e 1978 I n d u s t r i a l Census, 30% of the County's manufacturing i n d u s t r i e s w e r e loca ted i n t h e Sandy Township-DuBois area ( T a b l e l L ) . I n Sandy Township, t h e major i ty of t h e employees worked i n t h e Fabri- ca ted Metal Products indus t ry wi th 305 employees o r 80.8%. Second ranked wi th 49 employees o r 13% w a s Non-Electrical Machinery group. I n DuBois, t he Measuring, Analyzing and Control Instrument group employed 595 employees o r 33.3%. Second w a s t he Electrical and E lec t ron ic Machinery group wi th 473 employees o r 26.5%. Table16 d i s p l a y s t h e employment s t a t i s t i c s f o r manufacturing industr ies- f o r Sandy Township and DuBois.

Most of t h e i n d u s t r i e s loca ted i n t h e Sandy Township area are c l a s s i f i e d as l i g h t manufacturing wi th t h e emphasis placed on f a b r i c a t e d metals. c luding powder m e t a l presses and dyes, m e t a l p l a t e s and h e a t e r s . These products , i n r e t u r n , are used t o support o the r i n d u s t r i e s i n the area, ( i . e . , welding companies, powder m e t a l f i rms. e t c ) .

The type of l a b o r e r s employed i n these i n d u s t r i e s c o n s i s t of both s k i l l e d and unsk i l l ed workers. To improve t h e p roduc t iv i ty l e v e l s of t h e employees, t h e companies should provide on-the-job t r a i n i n g programs. Employers should a l s o encourage workers t o a t t e n d voca t iona l educat ion courses a v a i l a b l e a t t h e Je f f e r son County-DuBois Area Vocational Technical School. t hese s e r v i c e s , employees can improve t h e i r j o b s k i l l s .

The Beaver Meadow I n d u s t r i a l Park loca ted of f of R t e . 255 i n DuBois has ac t ed as a c a t a l y s t i n encouraging i n d u s t r i e s i n l o c a t i n g i n t h e area. The major i ty of t h e i n d u s t r i e s loca ted i n t h e park are c l a s s i f i e d as warehouse commercial ( i . e . U.P.S., Rivers ide) bu t l i g h t manufacturing f i rms are now beginning t o l o c a t e a t t h e s i te . As t h e s e i n d u s t r i e s expand and employ more people, i t w i l l i nc rease the economic s i t u a t i o n of t he area.

Manufacturing i n d u s t r i e s i n t h e Sandy Township-DuBois area are

These f i rms produce a v a r i e t y of products in-

By u t i l i z i n g

.. _..

r i I

L I E I T I i 4 I I, I P I

49.

0

I

In summary, the Sandy Township area is increasing in its importance as an employment center. Both commercial and industrial development have expanded tremendously during the 1970's, creating j obs for alot of the area's unemployed.

50.

Table 15 -

FINANCIAL STATISTICS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES FOR SANDY TOWNSHIP, DUBOIS AND CLEARFIELD COUNTY - 1978

Sandy Township DuBois C l e a r f i e l d County

a % // % i/ %

Number of E s t ab l i s hmen t s 9 8.2 23 21.1 109 -

Number of Employees 377 5 . 1 1 ,784 24.2 7 , 361

Wages and* S a l a r i e s 4,736 6 .O 18,405 23.4 78 , 742

Value of * P r o d u c t i o n 31,888 8.3 110,075 28.7 383 , 427

1

* I n Thousands

Source: Pennsylvania I n d u s t r i a l Census, 1978

51.

Table

EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES I N SANDY TOWNSHIP AND DUBOIS - 1978

CLEARFIELD COUNTY INDUSTRY SANDY TOWNSHIP DUBOIS

# of % of

# of Es t ab l i sh - # of % of Es t ab l i sh - # of

ments Employees Employees ments Emp l o y e e s Emp 1 oy e e s

# of

ments Emp loy ees Emp 1 oy e es Es tab l i sh- # of % of

109 7361 TOTAL INDUSTRIES 9 100.0 23 1784 100 .o 377

Food & Kindred Products

Lumber 6 Wood Products

P r i n t i n g & Publ i sh ing

Petroleum Refining

Rubber LS Misc. P l a s t i c s

Stone, Clay, 6 Concrete Pro duc ts

Primary Metal I n d u s t r i e s

Fabr ica ted Metal Products

86 1 11.7 14 . 7 . 170 9.5 2 0 .6 1

29 5 4 .O

8 20 8 2.8

25

3 11 0 . 1

4 . 1 7 4

84

8 2.0

2 0 .6

7 1 .8

1

4.7

-

1

1

1 2 0.1 2 0 .6 1

11 887 1 2 .o

4 10 3 1 .4

1.0

5.7

1 8 2

3

- -

2 0.6 10 1

6 679 9.2

11 454 6.2

12.9 228 2 30 5 80.8 2

Non-Electr ical Machinery 1 13 .0 2 29 1 .7 49

Electr ical &

Machinery 473 26.5 Elec t ron ic - - 1 -

Snrirce: C l e a r f i e l d I n d u s t r i a l Census ~ ~~~

2 747 10.1

.

, Table 16 -

EMPLOYNENT STAT1 STICS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES I N SANDY TOWNSHIP A.ND DUBOIS - 1978

(Continued) DUBOIS INDUSTRY SANDY TOWNSHIP

# of of Es t ab l i sh - # of % of Es t ab l i sh - // of % of

ments Emp loY ees Emp 1 oy ees ments Employees Employees

Measuring, Analyzing & Control Instruments

To ta l Misc.

1

1

595

12

3 3 . 3

0 . 6

Source: C l e a r f i e l d I n d u s t r i a l Census

CLEARFIELD COUNTY of

% of Es t ab l i sh - of ments Employees Emp l o y ees

1

3

595

35

8.1

0.5

I

Trade

an e f f e c t on t h e l o c a l economy as manufacturing i n d u s t r i e s , they have a s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t on l o c a l employment and t h e flow of cash w i t h i n t h e area. These types of services are c l a s s i f i e d as depen- den t i n d u s t r i e s and must at tract customers both i n t e r n a l l y and from o u t s i d e t h e i r geographic area t o i n c r e a s e t h e l o c a l economy.

Sandy Township is f o r t u n a t e i n t h i s a s p e c t because it is c l a s s i f i e d as a major commercial a r e a ' i n t h e n o r t h c e n t r a l region. Bbth s t r i p and m a l l development have inc reased s i g n i f i c a n t l y du r ing t h e p a s t decade, which i n r e t u r n has augmented t h e flow of cash i n t o t h e area. This development i s expected t o con t inue during t h e coming y e a r s which w i l l enhance t h e l o c a l economy t o a f u r t h e r e x t e n t .

Although t r a d e and service i n d u s t r i e s do n o t have as dynamic

Since commercial s e c t o r d a t a i s no t a v a i l a b l e f o r Sandy Township, t h e information used i n t h i s s tudy w i l l b e based on t h e C i ty of DuBois's commercial s e c t o r and on information gathered from Sandy Township c i t i z e n s .

Retail Trade

s i g n i f i c a n t l y during t h e f i v e yea r s s tudy (1972-1977). Even though t h e number of e s t ab l i shmen t s have decreased by 15.4 p e r c e n t , t h e amount of sales , p a y r o l l , and number of employees have inc reased . This s e e m s t o i n d i c a t e l a r g e r es tabl ishments w i th more employees and a s l i g h t l y i n c r e a s i n g cond i t ion i n re ta i l sales. This can be a t t r i b u t e d t o both i n f l a t i o n and s t r i p development which has taken place. The type of re ta i l t r a d e i n t h e area is q u i t e d i v e r s i f i e d , as shown i n Table - 1 7 .

Retail sales i n t h e DuBois-Sandy Township area have inc reased

54.

TABLE 17

RETAIL TRADE DuBois-Sandy Township Area

A. Census Per iod Change

Year

1972

1977

Pe rcen t Change

Bu i ld ing Material

General Merchandise

Food S t o r e s

Auto Dealers

G a s S t a t i o n s

Apparel & Ace. S t o r e s

F u r n i t u r e

Ea t ing & Drinking

Drug S t o r e s

f i s c .

TOTAL

N u m b e r of Establ ishments Sales* Payro l l* Emp l o y e e s

20 1 37,357 4,407 1,009

170 87,941 9,350 1,511

-15.4 185.9 112.1 49.7

B. R e t a i l Trade S e c t o r s - 1977

DUBOIS-SANDY TOWNSHIP AREA CLEARFIELD COUNTY

Es tab l i shments Sa les* E s t ab li shmen t s Sales* Number of Number of

1 2 7,364 46 21,638

4 14,445

1 4 19,679

21 20,424

20 5,193

19 4,611

1 4 2,488

24

5

37 - 170

4,434

2,831

6,472

87,941

15 D

80 59,197

83 70,614

10 5 40,938

47 1 2 , 365

46 8,965

112 12,997

1 7 D

133 27 , 461 - 684 286,299

* i n thousands D - d a t a wi thhe ld t o avoid i n d i v i d u a l d i s c l o s u r e s .

SOURCE: 1972 and 1977 Census of Retail Trade

55 0

I J I 1 I

Wholesale Trade

The DuBois-Sandy Township area c o n t a i n s 35 pe rcen t of t h e wholesale t r a d e i n C l e a r f i e l d County. During t h e f ive-year census pe r iod , wholesale t r a d e i n DuBois inc reased ; 8 .5 pe rcen t i n t h e number of e s t ab l i shmen t s , 111 percen t i n sales, 72 pe rcen t i n pay- r o l l and 14 pe rcen t i n employment. A l a r g e p o r t i o n of t h i s growth can b e a t t r i b u t e d t o t h e Beaver Meadows I n d u s t r i a l Park which is recognized as a major l o c a t i o n f o r many wholesale t r a d e i n d u s t r i e s i n t h e area. DuBois.

Table - 18 d i s p l a y s t h e wholesale t r a d e f i g u r e s f o r

TABLE 1 8

WHOLESALE TRADE

DuBo i s- Sandy Township

Census Period Change Number of

Year Establishments Sales* Payro l l* Employees

1972 35 31,608 2,265 330

1977 38 66,834 3,898 377

Percent Change 8.5

* i n thousands

111.4 72.1 14.2

Source: Census of Wholesale Trade 1972, 1977.

Se lec t ed Se rv ice (DuBois-Sandy Township)

du r ing t h e five-year census per iod. Although t h e number of employees has decreased by f i v e pe rcen t , t h e number of e s t ab l i shmen t s have increased 21 pe rcen t , sales have increased 75 pe rcen t and p a y r o l l has inc reased 70 percent . The i n c r e a s e i n sales and p a y r o l l can p a r t l y be a t t r i b u t e d t o i n f l a t i o n , wh i l e t h e dec rease i n employees and increase i n e s t ab l i shmen t s is probably due t o smaller scale ope ra t ions . Table - 19 d i s p l a y s t h e s e l e c t e d service f o r t h e DuBois-Sandy Township area.

Se lec t ed service i n t h e DuBois-Sandy Township area have increased

56.

I

TABLE 2 SELECTED SERVICES

DuBois-Sandy Township

Number of Sales* Payro l l* Employees Year Establ ishments

1972 1 1 4

197 7 138

Pe rcen t Change 21.0

3;951 1,143 290

1,944 275 6,947 - 75.8 70.1 - 5.1

* i n thousands

Source: Census of Se lec t ed Services 1972, 1977.

57.

SANDY TOWNSHIP

FISCAL STUDY __e--

I I

I I

*r e

L I 3 I 1 I I

I d I 1 I

D

c

a A s p a r t of t h e a n a l y s i s of t h e economic s t r u c t u r e of Sandy Township,

scal s tudy is an important element of b a s i c planning r e sea rch . The f i s c a l s tudy provides an overview of t h e community's a b i l i t y to provide s e r v i c e s f o r its c i t i z e n s . The a n a l y s i s concen t r a t e s on i d e n t i f y i n g t r e n d s i n revenues, expendi tures , a s ses sed v a l u a t i o n of t a x a b l e real p rope r ty , market v a l u e s , and t a x rates. community's f i s c a l s i t u a t i o n is a comparison of yea r s .

The method used t o examine t h e

To analyze revenues and expendi tures , t h e two must be viewed simultaneously over an extended pe r iod of t i m e . 1970 and 1975-1980. Generally, it i s assumed t h a t revenues and expendi tures should be kept i n balance. I d e a l l y , revenues would always a t least m e e t t h e needs of expendi tures . p a l i t y would need t o draw on i ts reserves t o m e e t ope ra t ing expenses. This type of s i t u a t i o n would be undes i r ab le and would e v e n t u a l l y l ead t o one of two t h i n g s : a n o v e r a l l r educ t ion i n services o r a f i n a n c i a l crisis yea r when revenues would have t o be inc reased d rama t i ca l ly . a n a n a l y s i s of t h e municipal revenues, i n s i g h t can be gained as t o t h e sou rces providing day-to-day ope ra t ing funds. s o u r c e f o r a l l m u n i c i p a l i t i e s is t a x revenues. Tax revenues u s u a l l y make up more than h a l f of t h e t o t a l municipal revenues. such as l i c e n s e f e e s , permits , sewer charges, and p a r t i c u l a r l y g r a n t s re- p r e s e n t t h e smaller p o r t i o n of t o t a l revenues.

The y e a r s s t u d i e d w i l l i n c l u d e

By n o t maintaining t h i s balance, a munici-

Through

The most v i s a b l e revenue

Miscellaneous revenues

A category-by-category a n a l y s i s of revenues and expendi tures fol lows. The a i m of t h e a n a l y s i s is t o determine whether t h e r e has been any major s h i f t s i n money received and spending po l i cy .

REVENUES

non-tax r e c e i p t s (miscellaneous revenues). Major sources of t a x r e c e i p t s are real estate t axes and A c t 511 taxes . Non-tax r e c e i p t s c o n s i s t of g r a n t s , refunds and charges. These r e c e i p t s provide a supplementary sou rce of income and cannot b e depended upon t o produce a s t eady cash flow yea r a f t e r yea r .

The Revenue S t r u c t u r e of t h e Township c o n s i s t s of t a x r e c e i p t s and

- . T o t a l Taxes Collected

This category i s composed of rea l es ta te t a x e s , occupat ion taxes and a l l " A c t 511" tax. Overa l l , t axes as a p o r t i o n of t o t a l revenues has remained s t a b l e i n Sandy Township. I n t h e y e a r s s t u d i e d , t o t a l t a x e s c o l l e c t e d accounted f o r 47 t o 66 pe rcen t of t h e t o t a l revenue. The lowest percentage w a s 47.2 pe rcen t i n 1979, wh i l e t h e h i g h e s t percentage w a s 66.9 i n 1976.

58.

Real Estate - R e a l Estate tax revenues as a component of t o t a l t axes generated t h e h i g h e s t percentage of t o t a l revenues. The amount of real estate t a x has inc reased and decreased du r ing t h e la te 1970s. I n 1978, t h e percentage w a s h i g h e s t (40.5%) w h i l e 1980 had t h e lowest percentage (31.1%).

Occupation - There i s no t a x l e v i e d i n t h i s ca t egory f o r Sandy Township . A c t 511 - A c t 511 broadened t h e spectrum of t a x a b l e s a v a i l a b l e t o m u n i c i p a l i t i e s . E s t a t e Transfer Taxes, Earned Ircome Taxes-,and Occupational P r i v i - . l edge Taxes. average of 29 p e r c e n t of t o t a l revenue from,Act 511.

I n Sandy Township, A c t 511 taxes inc lude ; R e a l

I n t h e y e a r s s t u d i e d , Sandy Township r ece ived a n

T o t a l Miscellaneous Revenues

Miscellaneous Revenues are composed of a l l o t h e r revenues received by t h e Township. i t e m s such as l i c e n s e s and permit f e e s , f i n e s and f o r f e i t s , highway service revenues, etc. state and f e d e r a l g r a n t s and s ta te highway a i d .

The range is q u i t e d i v e r s e , i nc lud ing minor

The bu lk of t h e miscel laneous revenues come from

I n t h e y e a r s s t u d i e d , t h e Township r ece ived a n average of 25 pe rcen t of t h e i r t o t a l revenues from state, f e d e r a l and county g r a n t s and s ta te highway a i d . r ece ived by Sandy Township f o r t h e y e a r s 1970, 1975 through 1980.

Table 20 d i s p l a y s t h e revenues

EXPENDTTURES

T o t a l Operation and Maintenance

This category is composed of a l l Township expend i tu re s except f o r C a p i t a l Outlay. (Table 21)

General Government - The General Government ca t egory is composed of g e n e r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and c o s t of t a x c o l l e c t i o n . I n 1975, t h e percentage w a s 7.5 pe rcen t , wh i l e 1977 had t h e h i g h e s t w i t h 32.2 percen t .

S a n i t a t i o n - The S a n i t a t i o n category is made up of s a n i t a r y sewer and sewage t r ea tmen t , and r e f u s e c o l l e c t i o n and d i s p o s a l . cen tage s p e n t du r ing t h e y e a r s s t u d i e d ranged from a low i n 1976 of .1 p e r c e n t t o a h igh i n 1970 wi th 6.5 pe rcen t .

The per-

IP*blic S a f e t y - This category inc ludes p o l i c e expend i tu re s , f i r e p r o t e c t i o n and p r o t e c t i v e in spec t ion . This category h a s remained . r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e over t h e yea r s s tud ied .

P’ I f I I I I I, 1

I r

i 1 I I, I P I

59.

S t r e e t s and Highways - For t h e s i x y e a r s s t u d i e d , Sandy Township's expendi ture f o r t h i s category v a r i e d considerably. I n 1970, t h e percentage w a s 42.7 pe rcen t wh i l e 1976 had t h e lowest percentage w i t h 20.7 pe rcen t . The d i f f e r e n c e s i n percentage are because of f a c t o r s r e l a t i n g t o snow removal, paving and g e n e r a l maintenance.

Parks and Recreat ion - This category inc ludes municipal parks and r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s and accounts f o r on ly a small f r a c t i o n of t h e o v e r a l l budget.

I 1-

Summary

I n conclusion, Sandy Township has been a b l e t o keep revenues i n balance wi th expendi tures . This type of s i t u a t i o n i s d e s i r a b l e because t h e township does n o t have t o draw on its reserves t o m e e t ope ra t ing expenses. mi l l age rate i n 1980 because of an excess i n revenues. This t a x r educ t ion , i n r e t u r n , w i l l encourage r e s i d e n t s and bus inesses t o l o c a t e i n t h e township.

I n f a c t , t h e Township was a b l e t o reduce t h e

.

60.

w TABLE 20

SA??DY TOWNSHIP REVENUES FOR T H E YEARS 1970, 1975-1980

1970 1975 - 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 c % I % li % e % // % II x I %

Tota l Taxes Col lec ted

Real E s t a t e Occupation

"ACT 51 1"

T o t a l Miscellaneous Revenue

Licenses and Permits

F ines and F o r f e i t s

Revenues f ron u s e of Ploney and Proper ty

S t a t e & Federa l Grants

S t a t e Highway Aid

County Grants

Parking F a c i l i t i e s

Departmental S e r v i c e s

San i t a ry Sewer Rents and Charges

Waste and Refuse Disposa l

Highway Se rv ices

Pub l i c Se rv ice E n t e r p r i s e s

Other

TOTAL REVENUES

105,915 61.1 287,459 62.3 351,714 66.9 414,672 58.1 462,167 63.4 472,188 47.2 439,488 61.4

44,630 25.7 166,707 36.1 186,497 35.5 246,813 34.6 294,947 40.5 240,242 24.0 222,488 31.1

61,285 35.4 120.752 26.2 165,217 31.4 167,859 23.5 167,220 22.9 231,946 23.2 217,000 30.3

67.426 38.9 173,748 37.7 173,614 33.1 298,257 41.9 265,909 36.6 527,844 52.8 215,808 38.6

2,009 1.2 7,409 1.7 ' 7,796 1.5 16,998 2.4 22,884 3.2 12,933 1.3 15,000 2.1

3,725 2.1 9,777 2.2 8,556 1.6 14,703 2.1 18,278 2.5 19,306 1.9 14,000 2.0

252 0.1 3,107 0.7 7,856 1.5 3,683 0.5 5,330 0.7 281,288 28.1

146 0.1 58,019 12.6 79,532 15.1 148,007 20.8 171,590 23.6 183,770 18.4 102,084 14.3 78,824 11.0 35;F80 20.6 60,531 13.1 66,834 12.7 39,350 5.5 9,500 5.5 15,000 3.2

38 0.1 20,461 2.9 731 0.1 2,452 0.5

3,753 0.8

13,569 7.8

10,372 2.2 1,802 0.2 21,000 2.9

2,545 1.5 3,328 0.7 2,972 0.6 92,603 13.0 47,827 6.6 29,816 3.0 5,550 .8

173,341 461,207 525,328 712,929 728,076 1,000,032 7 15,296

*Estimated from budget

TABLE 2 SlLUDY TOWNSHIP EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEARS 1970, 1975-1980

1975 1976 1977 1978 ‘ 1979 1980 1970 ii x t % ii % ii % i! % B % :i %

T o t a l Opera t ion and Plaintenance

General Government

S a n i t a t i o n

Health Se rv ices

P o l i c e

Fir.e

P r o t e c t i v e Inspec t ions

S t r e e t s and Highvays

Parks and Recrea t ion

Pub l i c Se rv ice E n t e r p r i s e

I n t e r e s t

Other Expenditures

T o t a l C a p i t a l Outlay

To ta l Expenditures

146,805 81.9 312,872

22,696 12.7 45,959

11,726 6 . 5 12,710

1,658

19,962 11.2 38,255

4,922 2.7 17,107

2,277

76,585 42.7 121,452

1’,108 0.6 1,416

75.7

11.1

3.1

0.4

9.3

4 . 1

0.5

29.4

0.3

328,839

84,349

1 8 2

4,821

33,344

15,004

983

85,042

37,158

80.1

20.5

0.1

1 . 2

8 . 1

3.7

0 . 2

20.7

9.1

623,094

215,161

15,627

68,201

4,298

2,215

21 7,407

6,947

93.2

32 .2

2.3

10 .2

0 . 6

0 . 3

32 .5

1.1

654,131

193,937

17,776

92,373

70,807

9,602

160,061

5,357

86.9

25.7

2.4

12.3

9.4

1 . 3

21.3

0.7

958,714

76,190

31,825

127,033

38,096

111,115

320,247

5,972

93 .7

7.5

3.1

12 .4

3.7

1.1

31.1

0.6

506,389 81.5

92,105 14.8

13,305 2.1

128,977 20.8

33,646 5 .4

10,100 1 . 6

156,236 25.3

4,000 0.6

6,248 1.5 31,213 4.7 21,973 2.9 20,863 2.0

300 0 .2 10,970 2.7 9 , 6 4 0 2.3 27,291 3.6 5,381 0.5

9,506 5 . 3 54,820 13.3 58,316 14.2 62,025 9.3 54,954 7.3 321,992 31 .5 68,000 10.9

32,517 1 8 . 1 100,418 24.3 81,811 19.9 45,309 6 . 8 98,857 13 .1 63,665 6 . 3 114,500 18.5

620,889 179,322 413,290 410,650 668,403 752,988 1,022,379

*Estimated from budget

The t a x s t r u c t u r e of t h e township is another important a spec t of t h e f i s c a l s tudy t h a t i l l u s t r a t e s where tax r e c e i p t s are coming from, and t h e i r p o t e n t i a l amounts and com3ined inc idence of burden c a r r i e d by t h e community taxpayers . annual government expendi tures and i n he lp ing des ign and c o n s t r u c t pro- jects t h a t could be r e a l i s t i c a l l y sup?orted by t h e t a x base and e f f o r t s of t h e people.

Such information is important i n planning

Table 21 d i s p l a y s t h e t a x s t r u c t u r e i n Sandy Township f o r 1970 and 1975 througc1980.

Table 21 Tax S t r u c t c r e i n Mil lage

Year School Township County T o t a l

1970 47 3 15 65

P 045 1975 65 !!7x 8.5 ‘ / a 1 3 61 /+5/ 86.5 - 1976 65 m S/ 14 b/5f 1 3 #e /L./ 92

- /

1977 72 0 76 14 & / y 1 5 e / & 101

1978 76 o 7 2 14 e 1 3 15 15 105

1979 80 7 3 Y t 14 j 3 - k 15 44 109

1980 90 7~yy.t 12 10 ‘/L 15 e 1 3 117

u lq r-3 7 2 4 -t sy Q d h / 4 @ i7 SOURCE: C l e a r f i e l d County Assessor Of f i ce

63.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

L I 4 I 1 0

I :c

The f a c t o r s which in f luence t h e growth and development of a community are h igh ly complex and i n t e r r e l a t e d . On a broad scale such v a r i a b l e s as c u l t u r a l va lues , t h e state of t h e economy, t h e rate of popula t ion growth and technologica l innovat ions are beyond t h e c o n t r o l of t h e l o c a l governmental agencies r e spons ib l e f o r land use r egu la t ions . scale, development dec i s ions such as land va lue , c r e d i t supply and compe- t . i t i on are inf luenced by l o c a l f a c t o r s . Township and pub1ic .dec is ionsguide development p a t t e r n s . Therefore , i t is necessary t o e s t a b l i s h goa l s and o b j e c t i v e s f o r t h e community.

On a more narrow

The governmental network of Sandy

Local o f f i c i a l s have t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o guide t h e development of t h e i r community by promoting t h e goa ls and o b j e c t i v e s of community resi- den t s . P ro fes s iona l planning p r a c t i c e s r e q u i r e t h a t s p e c i f i c s t r e n g t h s and weaknesses be i d e n t i f i e d , and agreed upon, and then incorpora ted i n t o t h e l a w s which the community l ives by. This is a l o g i c a l procedure and i s a l s o embodied i n t h e l e g i s l a t i o n of t h e s ta te of Pennsylvania.

The information presented thus f a r i d e n t i f i e s t h e e x i s t i n g cond i t ions ev ident i n Sandy Township and e s t a b l i s h e s a reasonable b a s i s f o r p ro jec t ing f u t u r e condi t ions . From t h i s assessment c e r t a i n gu ide l ines emerge f o r t h e development of t he community i n t h e fu tu re . A framework of goa l s and ob- j e c t i v e s is a necessary ing red ien t t o b r ing some coherence t o t h i s process . ’

It is t h e i n t e n t of Sandy Township t o determine community improvements based on s t a t e d ob jec t ives and t o u t i l i z e p o t e n t i a l l y success fu l techniques f o r accomplishing these ob jec t ives .

The fol lowing set of goa ls and r e l a t e d o b j e c t i v e s is concerned wi th providing t h e r e s i d e n t s of Sandy Township wi th a s a f e and hea l thy environment i n t h e f u t u r e .

housing, community f a c i l i t i e s and i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , conservat ion, and economic v i t a l i t y . Housing

This includes goals f o r t h e f u t u r e development of

1. Preserve those areas of t h e township which make i t a s a f e and wholesome environment i n which t o l i v e .

2. Ensure s a f e and economic dwelling.

3. Promote and coord ina te e f f o r t s t o e l i m i n a t e . o r r e h a b i l i t a t e sub- s t a n t i a l housing.

4 . Make s u r e a l l housing development upholds the r egu la t ions of t h e zqning and subdiv is ion ordinances.

6 4 .

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e

P 1 t

1. Provide increased p o l i c e and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n t o keep up wi th growth pressures .

2. .Maintain e f f e c t i v e educa t iona l and r e c r e a t i o n a l programs, suf- f i c i e n t t o m e e t t h e needs of t h e inc reas ing populat ion.

3. Promote a wide range of l e i s u r e t i m e a c t i v i t i e s , inc luding outdoor r e c r e a t i o n , l i b r a r i e s , sce3ic v i s t a s and h i s t o r i c p re se rva t ion .

4 . Upgrade and main ta in pub l i c u t i l i t i e s i n land areas where indus t ry , commercial es tab l i shments and r e s i d e n t s could l o c a t e .

I n f r a s t r u c t u r e

1.

2.

3.

4 .

5 .

6 .

Encourage t h e provis ion of pub l i c sewerage and water t o areas of development.

Upgrade and maintain systems t o ensure adequate service.

Improve ope ra t ions of systems t o ensure service t o r e s i d e n t s .

Upgrade and maintain l o c a l roads t o provide good access t o employment and r e t a i l c e n t e r s f o r area r e s i d e n t s , and t h e e f f l c i e n t movement of s u p p l i e s and products of i n d u s t r i e s .

Upgrade l o c a l roads t o capac i ty and s a f e t y s tandards .

Make s u r e a l l new roads are cons t ruc ted i n accordance wi th sub- d i v i s i o n r egu la t ions .

Environment

1.

2.

3.

4.

5 .

Minimize f u t u r e p o l l u t i o n and d e s t r u c t i o n of t h e environment.

Promote a n e f f i c i e n t and hea l thy use of developed land .

Preserve f o r e s t and open land and those areas of p a r t i c u l a r s cen ic , geo log ica l and h i s t o r i c i n t e r e s t .

Promote v i t a l community resources from t h e e f f e c t s of mining and lumbering ope ra t ions and o t h e r resource e x p l o i t a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s .

Balance t h e need f o r t h e p r o t e c t i o n of proper ty va lues and t h e environment wi th t h e need f o r economic v i t a l i t y , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e e x t r a c t i o n of n a t u r a l resources and t h e development of i ndus t ry .

65.

I Economic V i t a l i t y I - "

1. Cooperate wi th publ ic and r i v a t e agencies i n promoting new and d i v e r s i f i e d economic growth.

I I

*

J I 4 I 1

2. Encourage t h e l o c a t i o n of new retai l t r a d e t o appropr i a t e areas i n t h e township.

. The above mentioned goa ls and ob jec t ives w i l l be used as a framework f o r f u t u r e development by t h e township o f f i c i a l s .

6 6 .

FUTURE LAND USE

t I

The purpose behind t h e Future Land U s e P l an is t o a s s u r e o r d e r l y development of a l l land w i t h i n Sandy Township. S ince cond i t ions t h a t a f f e c t t h e c i t y o f DuBois a l s o a f f e c t Sandy Township, i t is extremely important t h a t f u t u r e land use proposals f o r t h e township b e o r i e n t e d towards those f o r DuBois. Cooperation is needed between t h e two muni- c i p a l i t i e s i n o rde r t o achieve compa t ib i l i t y of land use. The proposa ls regarding l and use are based on and r e f l e c t t h e f ind ings of t h e surveys on topography, e x i s t i n g land use, economy, populat ion, highways and community f a c i l i t i e s and i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . E f fec tua t ion of land use proposa l s r e q u i r e s t h e admin i s t r a t ion and enforcement of zoning, subdiv is ion and planned r e s i d e n t i a l development crdinances as t h e minimum necessary requirements t o a s s u r e development ir accordance wi th land use proposals . An a d d i t i o n a l b a s i c need is t h e development of a pub l i c improvements program t h a t d e f i n e s t h e long range p l ans of t h e township.

The major c a t e g o r i e s of f u t u r e land use inc lude r e s i d e n t i a l , commercial, i n d u s t r i a l , pub l i c and semi-public and vacant . (Map 7 ).

Res iden t i a l Land

There are approximately 21,500 zcres of land i d e n t i f i e d f o r r e s i d e n t i a l development i n Sandy Township. Thls area is c l a s s i f i e d i n t o f i v e d i f f e r e n t zones. They are: r e s i d e n t i a l urban d i s t r i c t , r e s i d e n t i a l a g r i c u l t u r a l d i s - t r i c t , r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i c t , r e s i d e n t i a l s l o p e d i s t r i c t and planned res iden- t i a l development d i s t r i c t .

During t h e p a s t decade, Sandy Township has been c l a s s i f i e d as a dynamic growth area. It is p a r t of t h e Accelerated Growth Area of t h e North Cent ra l reg ion . There have been more proper ty turnovers and subdiv is ions i n t h e Township than i n any o t h e r munic ipa l i ty i n t h e county. It is f o r t h i s reason t h a t r e c o b e n d a t i o n s f o r f u t u r e development i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i c t s should be designed a long b e n e f i c i a l and advantageous l i n e s . Appropriate minimum l o t s i z e s , type of dwell ing and.housing d e n s i t y should a l l correspond w i t h the o f f i c i a l zoning ordinance. Also, i n t h e cons t ruc t ion of pub l i c

. housing, a r c h i t e c t u r a l design should r e f l e c t t h e r u r a l s m a l l town character of t h e community. This approach f avor s t h e development of smaller housing complexes of 20-30 u n i t s , and 2-3 s t o r i e s high. These developments must be loca t ed i n areas appropr i a t e t o t h e provis ion of municipal s e r v i c e s and t h e development of pub l i c i n f r a s t r u c t u r e .

i 1

Other areas of development should occur when p o s s i b l e a t sites which have s e r v i c e a v a i l a b l e . I f s e r v i c e s are no t a v a i l a b l e , development should be c u r t a i l e d as much as poss ib l e . area" and would no t be developed u n t i l i t w a s economically f e a s i b l e .

This area would b e def ined as a "holding.

67 .

1.

68. . -. . . -- - . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I n areas of s t e e p s lope , development poses a g r e a t t h r e a t t o t h e s o i l and w a t e r condi t ions . RecommenC.ed uses should be l i m i t e d as much as p o s s i b l e t o s i n g l e family homes, camps and municipal and u t i l i t y bu i ld ings .

A g r e a t d e a l of land i n Sandy Township is used f o r lumbering and coal mining. It is necessary , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t strict c o n t r o l s be ex- e rc i zed over t h e lumbering ac t iv i t les t o minimize s o i l e ros ion and o t h e r excess ive run-off t h a t could cause f looding i n t h e lower areas. Coal mining a l s o creates damage t o streams; t h e r e f o r e , i t should be c o n t r o l l e d t o reduce t h e chance of e ros ion and a c i d mine drainage.

Treasure Lake, t h e major planned r e s i d e n t i a l development, has grown so r a p i d l y t h a t i t is d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e owners t o provide adequate recrea- t i o n a l s e r v i c e s . It is t h e r e f o r e advised t h a t a system be developed which would ensure s e r v i c e s t o t h e r e s i d e n t s . Recommendations would inc lude : i nc reas ing t h e "users fee" o r opening t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s and r e s t a u r a n t t o t h e publ ic .

I n summary, r e s i d e n t i a l development should occur i n areas t h a t w i l l promote t h e h e a l t h and s a f e t y of t h e r e s i d e n t s .

Commercial Land

There are approximately 2,170 acres of land i d e n t i f i e d f o r commercial u se i n Sandy Township. Most of t h i s land is o r i e n t e d t o t h e moto r i s t s ; t h e r e f o r e , a l a r g e percentage must be a l l o c a t e d t o parking and s e r v i c e areas. The major commercial area i n Sandy Township is loca ted a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 255 and Shaf fer Road. The DuBois Mall, Sandy Plaza and a v a r i e t y of e a t i n g es tab l i shments are loca ted i n t h i s area. Commercial areas along Routes 219, 255, 119 and 322 a l s o are o r i e n t e d towards t h e moto r i s t . Neighborhood shops loca ted throughout t h e township provide t h e r e s i d e n t s wi th t h e everyday e s s e n t i a l s . a c t i v i t i e s a r e o r i e n t e d t o w a r d s t h e shopper, f u t u r e recommendations should be d i r e c t e d towards a t t r a c t i n g people i n t o t h e area.

S ince t h e ma jo r i ty of t h e commercial

The major commercial area, a t p re sen t , has a problem of t r a f f i c conges- t i o n a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 255 and Shaf fer Road. Due t o t h e growth i n t h e number of commercial es tab l i shments , t h e t r a f f i c volume and amount of c r o s s t r a f f i c has increased tremendously, causing a dangerous s i t u a t i o n . P lans t o widen t h i s i n t e r s e c t i o n to f h r e e l anes t o inc lude a tu rn ing l a n e , as mentioned i n t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e c t i o n of t h e p lan , w i l l g r e a t l y reduce t h e hazard. These two requirements w i l l a t t ract ?eople and ensure them s a f e t y whi le they shop.

Adequate space f o r parking should a l s o be provided f o r shoppers.

The areas de l inea ted as commercial c o r r i d o r s should enforce c o n t r o l s '

which would cont inue t h e movement of t - e f f i c 3n t h e highways, encourage reverse f ron tage and minimize t h e nunber of highway access po in t s . Off-

I

street parking, loading areas and a minimum se tback of t h i r t y f e e t would a l s o be requi red .

The land used f o r neighborhood commercial areas should be l imi t ed t o shops providing t h e everyday e s s e n t i a l s f o r r e s i d e n t s of t h e area. Controls on development would inc lude minimum l o t s i z e s , o f f - s t r e e t parking and similar r egu la t ions . Continued eva lua t ion of t h e s e areas (i.e. Sandy, West L ibe r ty , Oklahoma) should be made and, when deemed necessary, a d d i t i o n a l areas should be e s t ab l i shed . Some a d d i t i o n a l areas f o r cons ide ra t ion could inc lude t h e Sabula, Adrian and Singing H i l l s s e c t i o n s of t h e township.

I n d u s t r i a l Land

There are approximately 2,000 a c r e s of land i d e n t i f i e d f o r i n d u s t r i a l u se i n Sandy Township. Approximately 75 percent of t h i s land i s a l r eady developed wi th t h e remainder of t h e land expected t o be used f o r expansion of e x i s t i n g i n d u s t r i e s . The des igna t ion of land f o r i n d u s t r i a l use w a s inf luenced by e x i s t i n g i n d u s t r i a l uses , t h e need f o r i n d u s t r i a l expansion, t h e a d a p t a b i l i t y of t h e land f o r i n d u s t r i a l purposes by reason of t rans- p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s and topography, and t h e presence of o r t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r t h e ex tens ion of sewer and water s e r v i c e s i n t o t h e areas.

In t h e f u t u r e , i n d u s t r i a l expansion should occur i n areas which have s e r v i c e s a v a i l a b l e o r t h e Beaver Meadow I n d u s t r i a l Park loca ted of f of Route 255 i n DuBois. The park conta ins 211 a c r e s of land t o be used f o r i n d u s t r i a l purposes. This t ract has sewer and w a t e r l i n e s , is ad jacent t o t h e r a i l r o a d t r a c k and 'has exce l l en t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n access t o I n t e r s t a t e 80 and o the r p a r t s of t he S t a t e . These s e r v i c e s w i l l a t t r a c t p o t e n t i a l f i rms t o t h e area. A l l v a r i e t i e s of business and i n d u s t r i a l uses can be accommodated i n t h e u n i f i e d development p lan of t h e park. The Beaver Meadow I n d u s t r i a l Park o f f e r s an oppor tuni ty t o expand and d i v e r s i f y t h e economic base of t h e DuBois area.

Future i n d u s t r i a l development, i f i t is housed i n one of t h e i n d u s t r i a l areas o r t h e i n d u s t r i a l park, should be con t ro l l ed t o p r o t e c t t h e h e a l t h , s a f e t y , and we l fa re of t he c i t i z e n s and whenever an i n d u s t r i a l d i s t r i c t i s ad jacen t t o a r e s i d e n t i a l area, bu f fe r zones should be requi red t o serve as a v i s u a l s c reen and n o i s e f i l t e r .

Pub l i c and Semi-public Land

Approximately 3,300 acres of land is i d e n t i f i e d on t h e "Future Land U s e " map f o r pub l i c and semi-public purposes. Major land areas inc lude : t h e municipal bu i ld ing , p o l i c e and f i r e s t a t i o n s , schools , churches, nursing homes and s i m i l a r uses . Land a l s o a v a i l a b l e under t h i s category inc ludes t h e S t a t e G a m e Lands loca ted i n t h e northwest s e c t i o n of t h e township.

Future p l ans should include: maintaining a s u f f i c i e n t l e v e l of community s e r v i c e s t o keep up with populat ion growth ( i s e e , see community f a c i l i t i e s s e c t i o n ) and preserving t h e S t a t e G a m e Lands, These publ ic and semi-public areas are deemed necessary t o p r o t e c t a s u f f i c i e n t open land area i n t h e town- s h i p .

70

Vacant Land P 1 Vacant land accounts f o r approximately 6.8% of t h e t o t a l land area

i n Sandy Township. This category inc ludes f loodp la in areas and t h e conserva t ion d i s t r i c t s . be l imi t ed t o those uses which would fo l low t h e f loodp la in ordinance r egu la t ions . This is t o ensure t h a t a l l ac t iv i t ies i n t h i s area are designed t o s p e c i f i c a t i o n s which w i l l reduce t h e p o s s i b l e hazards of f looding. The conserva t ion areas could be developed i n conjunct ion wi th o t h e r r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s t o provide p i c n i c areas, t ra i l s and green- b e l t s throughout t h e township and thus serve as a t o t a l r e c r e a t i o n a l need.

Future development i n t h e f loodp la in areas must

Future land uses are summarized on Table 2 2 .

Table - 22

Future Land U s e Summary

Acres % of Tota l

Res iden t i a l 2 1 , 457 69

Commercial 2 , 170 7

I n d u s t r i a l

Public/Semi-Public

Vacant

1 , 997

3 , 2 4 3

1 , 928

6

11

7

TOTAL 3 0 , 795 100

Summary

It is recommended t h a t t h e Land Use Plan ac t as a guide t o f u t u r e growth and development of t h e township. Zoning and sub-divis ion ordinances are t h e prime l e g a l means through which a land use program can be e f f ec tua ted . The achievement of a l l t h e proposals mentioned would enhance proper ty va lues and encourage sound economic development i n t h e f u t u r e . have been made wi th cons ide ra t ion given t o t h e program f o r t h e Ci ty of DuBois. It is abso lu te ly necessary t h a t some type of cooperat ion be achieved t o ensure f o r t h e compa t ib i l i t y of land use.

A l l t h e proposa ls

71.

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I I L I

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MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PROGRAM

The proposed major highway program f o r Sandy Township is displayed on Map 8. The primary concern of t h e township i s t h e realignment of U. S . Route 219. Although development of t h i s c o r r i d o r has been delayed by funding c o n s t r a i n t s , t h e r e is now a p o s s i b i l i t y of i ts being developed as a t o l l road. I n gene ra l , t h i s proposed rou te would b e a major, l i m i t e d access expressway which would by-pass t h e City of DuBois. r o u t e would alleviate some of t he t r a f f i c congestion through t h e City, while providing good access t o many mun ic ipa l i t i e s i n t h e region. It would open, by means of interchanges, acres of land f o r economic development and r e c r e a t i o n a l use; and it would r e q u i r e a minimum of property damage i n right-of-way a c q u i s i t i o n . The right-of-way would a l s o b e s u b j e c t t o development c o n t r o l thus a s su r ing a f r e e flow of t r a f f i c r ega rd le s s of t h e e x t e n t of development t h a t would occur by reason of i ts cons t ruc t ion . p l a n is supported by t h e County Planning Commission and North Cen t ra l Pennsylvania Regional Planning and Development Commission.

Th i s proposed

This

The Local Program

It i s ind ica t ed as p a r t of t h e t r a f f i c flow a n a l y s i s t h a t t h e r e i s a need f o r t r a f f i c relief on t h e major roads l ead ing out of t he ,City of DuBois. It is noted i n t h e PennDOT 12-year p l an t h a t Route 219 south from 1-80 t o t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 255 and Sha f fe r Road be widened to t h r e e l anes . This proposal would allow veh ic l e s t o c ros s t r a f f i c without c r e a t i n g a t r a f f i c problem.

In a d d i t i o n t o t h e above mentioned proposals, l o c a l road and highway improvements should be coupled w i t h c a r e f u l planning of new neighborhood and access roads. Sandy Township con ta ins approximately 67 miles of town- s h i p roads, only h a l f of which are paved. roads should focus on improvement and paving of e x i s t i n g streets and r equ i r ing new roads t o m e e t . subdivis ion r egu la t ions .

Future development of township

The following improvements t o highways and l o c a l roads i n t h e township are recommended.

1. Reconstruct i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 219 and Dixon Avenue. 2. Reconstruct i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 219 and Brady S t r e e t . 3. Widen Route 219, t o 3 lanes , from L ibe r ty Boulevard t o 1-80. 4 . Widen Route 255, t o 3 lanes , from Liberty Boulevard t o Sha f fe r Road. 5. 6. Reconstruct i n t e r s e c t i o n of Route 219 and 322. 7. Widen and r econs t ruc t Adrian Furnace Road (Township Road 350)

Widen Maple Avenue, t o 3 lanes , from Third S t r e e t t o Sha f fe r Road.

72.

73.

c

f r m o

Ro:oct Eose Map h.ourca Contsrvotion and Dovelopmow

-P

Carrying Out t h e Major Thoroughfare Improvements

a iI

iI

The c a r r y i n g o u t of an adequate major thoroughfare p l an f o r t h e municipal i ty m u s t be accepted as a long-range undertaking wi th t h e i n d i v i d u a l improvement being gradual ly accomplished over t h e years . The p r o h i b i t i v e c o s t s of new cons t ruc t ion w i l l r e q u i r e t h e Township t o focus on street improvement p r o j e c t s . The procedures which should be followed t o a i d i n t h e o rde r ly and economic attainment of t h e necessary thoroughfare improvements are presented i n t h e following paragraphs.

S t r e e t Dedications

The easiest and least c o s t l y method of acqu i r ing a new major thoroughfare is through ded ica t ion a t t h e t i m e t h e land is subdivided. I n l i g h t of t h e expense t o taxpayers o f road improvements t o major subd iv i s ions , Township p o l i c y should r e q u i r e the paving of streets f o r ded ica t ion by t h e subdivider . e f f i c i e n t c i r c u l a t i o n , bo th w i t h i n the subd iv i s ion and t h e Township, i s an important cons ide ra t ion i n any subd iv i s ion review.

Proper design of cartways and access p o i n t s t o i n s u r e s a f e and

Building Setback Lines

I n accordance with t h e major thoroughfare planning, i t is d e s i r a b l e t o p r o h i b i t new bu i ld ings o r o the r s t r u c t u r e s from encroaching upon t h e recommended right-of-way f o r each e x i s t i n g road designated as a major thoroughfare. Such a procedure is t h e least c o s t l y means of p r o t e c t i n g f u t u r e t r a f f i c c o r r i d o r s , wh i l e d e f e r r i n g a c q u i s i t i o n of rights-of-way u n t i l actual c o n s t r u c t i o n ' i s contemplated. To accomplish t h i s , a l l new s t r u c t u r e s should follow t h e r egu la t ions of the zoning ordinance i n regards t o set-back r egu la t ions .

J I

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74.

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DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM P I

S e t f o r t h i n t h e preceding chap te r s are many recommendations f o r phys ica l improvements. The degree t o which these recommendations are achieved year-by- y e a r is es t ab l i shed by the f i n a n c i a l l i m i t a t i o n s of t h e municipal i ty; t hus , t h i s program envis ions c a p i t a l improvement budget ing as a cont inuing process . The long range improvement program genera l ly e s t a b l i s h e s t h e p r i o r i t y given t o each i t e m . However, i t is recognized t h a t a sequence l i s t i n g does not prec lude t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of one o r more of t h e improvements be ing i n i t i a t e d o r completed p r i o r t o those l i s t e d i n advance. The list Lncludes some i t e m s never completed and some that may be completed i n one year . I n gene ra l , t h e l i s t inc ludes t h e p r o j e c t s t h a t should be considered wi th in a 10 t o 20 yea r per iod . However, t o i n d i c a t e t h e list of a complete c a p i t a l improvement need, would i n e f f e c t i n d i c a t e a s ter i le and r i g i d program, f a i l i n g t o recognize t h a t some discovery o r event of tomorrow could r equ i r e an add i t ion t o t h e list. Therefore , i t is recommended t h a t t h e list be eva lua ted annual ly and adjustment be made as deemed necessary t o maintain a cur ren t program.

P r i o r i t y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Improvement Program C a p i t a l Improvements

Sewer Serv ice Water Serv ice Po l i ce F i r e Recreat ion I n d u s t r i a l Development Local Road Improvement Municipal Bui lding

I n i t i a t i o n Date

19 81 19 8 1 19 81 19 81 19 81 1981 1981 1981

Sewer System

The DuBois Sewer P l an t is p resen t ly overloaded due pr imar i ly t o storm w a t e r i n f i l t r a t i o n . A t a p o n ban e s t ab l i shed i n 1979 by DER has s e r i o u s l y r e s t r i c t e d t h e ex tens ion of sewer s e r v i c e t o new development i n Sandy-Township. s e r v i c e is a n important aspec t t o t h e f u t u r e development of t he Township. Without i t , development w i l l be l imi t ed . Due t o increased maintenance work on t h e l i n e s , D u B o i s h a s now rece ived a pa r t i a l release on the sys t em. A t p resent a f e a s i b i l i t y s tudy is being done by Chester Engineers, t o determine t h e c o s t / b e n e f i t of expanding t h e p l an t t o t e r i o r a r y t reatment , by expanding t h e system, t h e tap-in can be removed. I f t h e ban is n o t l i f t e d , Sandy Township w i l l have t o decide on another way t o provide sewerage t o areas of development ( i . e . package t rea tment p l a n t s , sewer system, e t c . )

Sewer

75.

Also, a j o i n t s e w e r a u t h o r i t y between DuBois and Sandy Township shcmld be formed. This would h e l p alleviate t h e problems p l u s ensure o rde r ly growth i n t h e f u t u r e .

A t p re sen t , t h e Slab Run P l a n t is l o s i n g money because of l ack of customers . Future p l ans should include encouraging development i n t h a t area t o make t h e p l a n t c o s t - e f f i c i e n t and maintaining t h e system.

Water Service

There are approximately th i r ty -n ine (39) w a t e r companies ope ra t ing i n Sandy Township a t p re sen t . Each one of these companies maintains i t s own l i n e s and purchases w a t e r from the DuBois Water Company. These companies should b e consolidated t o form one w a t e r a u t h o r i t y . This a u t h o r i t y should work c l o s e l y with t h e DuBois Water Company. should continue and expansion should occur when t h e need arises. addendums . )

Regular maintenance on t h e l i n e s (See

Po l i ce P ro tec t ion

The e x i s t i n g program c o n s t i t u t e s the necessary requirements f o r e f f i c i e n t and adequate p o l i c e p ro tec t ion . t h e Department of Community A f f a i r s (DCA), f u t u r e budgeting should allow f o r increased personnel and equipment t o match t h e f u t u r e growth and development of Sandy Township.

According t o the f e a s i b i l i t y study done by

F i r e P ro tec t ion

F i r e p r o t e c t i o n is provided t o Township r e s i d e n t s by fou r volunteer f i r e companies. ensure s a f e t y t o area r e s i d e n t s . f i r e t r a i n i n g school i n DuBois. equipment when needed (see Community F a c i l i t i e s s e c t i o n ) .

It i s recommended t h a t the f i r e f i g h t e r s have proper school ing t o The firemen should a t t end the newly constructed

Future plans should a l s o inc lude upgrading f i r e

Recreation

The planning commission recognizes t h e need f o r more r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s i n t h e Township. is extremely d i f f i c u l t t o s i t u a t e r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s i n a l l neighborhoods. Future p l ans should include: 1) using p r i v a t e f a c i l i t i e s and l o c a l schools t o a g r e a t e r e x t e n t t o f u l f i l l t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l needs, 2) encourage developers t o se t a s i d e land i n t h e i r subd iv i s ion f o r f u t u r e r e c r e a t i o n a l development, 3 ) upgrading the e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s , 4 ) b u i l d i n g a s h e l t e r a t t h e Adrian s i t e , 5 ) apply f o r DCA funds t o acqu i r e approximately twelve acres of land i n the Oklahoma s e c t i o n of t h e Township f o r development of a complete r e c r e a t i o n area, and 6) developing another r e c r e a t i o n s i t e i n t h e no r theas t e rn p o r t i o n of t he Township.

Due t o the sprawling na tu re of t he Township, i t

I n d u s t r i a l Development

I n d u s t r i a l development includes t h e improvement of t h e p u b l i c i n f r a - s t r u c t u r e , such as roads and sewerage, t o promote t h e expansion of e x i s t i n g i n d u s t r i e s , as w e l l as t o i n i t i a t e new and d i v e r s i f i e d i n d u s t r i e s w i t h i n the Township. I n d u s t r i a l expansion should b e encouraged t o provide jobs f o r the r e s i d e n t s .

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Local Road Improvement

The l o c a l road improvement inc ludes a l l township road paving, real ignment , i n t e r s e c t i o n improvement, i n s t a l l a t i o n of drainage s t r u c t u r e s , and curbs and g u t t e r s as necessary. Program i n i t i a t i o n is immediate and should follow a maintenance program. ordinance before they are taken over by the township.

A l l roads should m e e t t he requirements of t h e subdiv is ion

Municipal Bui lding

The municipal bu i ld ing i s i n adequate condi t ion , b u t shou ld be maintained t o ensure i ts s tandard condi t ion.

A s mentioned before , t he above s t a t e d recommendation should b e reviewed year ly so adjustments can be made t k a t are deemed necessary.

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GUIDE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN

The implementation of the Sandy Township plan set forth in this report shall require concerted action by many agencies, groups, associations, and citizens. Hit or miss actions will not suffice, therefore a plan of action must be followed. and/or persons with administrative responsibilities must become the motiva- ting force that will create physical reality from well conceived plans.

Township Supervisors -- The legal power for enactment and enforcement of codes and ordinances rests with the Township Supervisors. They are the PO- licy making group and have the power to put the "Wheels in Motion" and provide the financing necessary.

This will require guidance at many levels, and the groups

.

Township Manager -- The chief executive officer of the municipality. in constant touch with the Township Supervisors and is conversant with all

He is

phases of Township development. rectives and policy of the Township Supervisors rests with the Township Man- ager. (See addendums.)

The responsibility of carrying out the di-

Township Engineer -- Construction decisions are made by the Engineer. sewers, water lines, street line establishment and general construction super- vision are some of his responsibilities. found the Department of Inspections which handles building permits, zoning inspection, building code inspection, and all inspections required by electric, plumbing and housing codes.

Health Officer -- Aids in the administration of plumbing and housing codes and general township inspection regarding public health. sponsibility f o r sewage disposal, garbage collection and insect control and how they affect the public health.

Streets,

Under his jurisdiction is usually

He also has a prime re-

- Planning Commission -- All proposals that, in any manner, affect the development and/or redevelopment of the Township should be referred to, and reviewed by, the Planning Commission. Following their review a summary should be made regarding the proposals, potential effect .on the community and a recommendation for acceptance or rejection as the case may be, and forwarded to the governing body.

The Planning Commission should assume a positive position in the community. They should provide guidance to the Citizens Advisory Committee and should have representation thereon. In this way, close liaison could be maintained between the Commission and the many neighborhood committees at work in the Township.

Continued review of the Comprehensive Plan is the responsibility of the Planning Commission. periodical updating of the Plan-and its implementation tools. ning could also be promoted through the maintenance participation. This too, is a responsibility of 'the Planning Commission. (See addendums. )

Changing conditions and modes of operation could require Continued plan-

of citizen interest and

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Zoning O f f i c e r -- H e i s t h e duly authorized r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e l o c a l governing body and is given t h e power and a u t k o r i t y t o enforce t h e p rov i s ions of t h e Zoning Ordinance. H e must examine a l l a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r bu i ld ing o r use permits and should he f i n d t h a t a s i t u a t i o n e x i s t s i n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e a p p l i c a t i o n and t h e Zoning Ordinance r e q u i r i n g a zoning i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , s a i d a p p l i c a t i o n s h a l l be r e f e r r e d t o t h e Zoning Board of Adjustment.

NEIGHBORHOOD COMMITTEES

The following are t h e major s u b j e c t s t h a t should be s tud ied a t t h e neighborhood level:

1.

2. T r a f f i c and Parking 3. Schools: Aid from t h e school admin i s t r a to r s and t h e School Board. 4 . Recreation: Consult t h e Recreation Board, and t h e School Baord. 5. Finance: Sources: Taxes, Bonds and Municipal Authority. 6. Urban Renewal:

Housing: Authority.

S o l i c i t a i d from reah estate personnel and t h e County Housing

A. Clearance of substandard s z r u c t u r e s B. Reconstruction and improvement of run-down s t r u c t u r e s C. Conservation of good s t r u c t u r e s D. Promote neighborhood a n a l y s i s and encourage i n d i v i d u a l i n i t i a t i v e

toward improvement

Neighborhood Committees should consul t t h e Redevelopment Authori ty f o r f u r t h e r advice and guidance.

REDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

This i s t h e o f f i c i a l agency authorized by l a w t o apply f o r and receive Federal and S t a t e a i d f o r urban renewal p ro jec t s . The C l e a r f i e l d County Rede- velopment Authority w a s appointed by t h e County Commissioners, cha r t e red by t h e Commonwealth and could be pu t i n t o a c t i o n by f ind ings of t h e Township Planning Commission which, t oge the r with a request by t h e Twonship Supervisors would enable t h e County Authori ty t o act on t h e i r b e h a l f i i n c a r e i n g out p r o j e c t proposals .

ZONING HEARING BOARD

A l l appeals from d e c i s i o n s of the Zoning O f f i c e r are r e f e r r e d t o t h i s Board. They h a v e . t h e power t o permit s p e c i a l exceptions and t o g ran t va r i ances t o t h e zoning ordinance as provided by t h e Second C l a s s Township Code. Through cooperat ion wi th t h e Planning Commission, necessary amendments t o zoning should b e prepared and submitted t o Township Supervisors f o r ac t ion .

RECREATION BOARD

A l l matters p e r t a i n i n g t o parks , playgrounds, indoor s p o r t f a c i l i t i e s , and o t h e r less a c t i v e programs f o r l e i s u r e time should be r e f e r r e d t o t h i s Board f o r eva lua t ion and recommendation. s igned t o provide r e c r e a t i o n f o r every c i t i z e n r e g a r d l e s s of age.

They should be t h e impetus behind a program de-

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VOLUNTARY REHABILITATION PROGRAM

Community improvemnt is accomplished through three major activities -- redevelopment, rehabilitation, and conservation. Approximately 85% of the Program can be achieved through conservation and rehabilitation, and 15% through redevelopment. is dependent upon voluntary actions. leadership in the Voluntary Improvement Program by lending full support and encouragement to all citizens by enforcing sanitary refuse and garbage collection; by emphasizing street cleaning and general community housekeeping; and establishing good housekeeping codes and ordinances such as housing code, building code, zoning ordinance, and subdivision regulations. will serve to encourage individual home owners to initiate a "clean up, fix up, and paint up" campaign in their neighborhoods.

A large percentage of conservation and rehabilitation Public officials should provide the

Such an example

It is recommended that the Planning Commission and the Township Super- visors review the governmental operation in the light of the seven major elements of a Workable Program and that any adjustment found necessary be made and a comprehensive pattern for progress be established.

CODE ENFORCEMENT

The personnel available to carry out the Code Enforcement Program of the Township includes the Engineer, the Health Officer, the Zoning Officer, the Police Chief and the Supervisor given the responsibility for directing public health and safety.

A comprehensive method.of tabulating and recording inspections, findings, and actions would facilitate a full and complete evaluation of the program.

It is recommended that the inspection program be evaluated annually to ascertain its continued adequacy and that permanent records be maintained to include a minimum of: The number of inspections, the date of each, the findings, action required and taken, and the follow-up, if any.

PUBLIC EDUCATION

During the process of preparing and publishing this report, the Planning Commission has conducted public meetings for the purpose of presenting the Plan and its various component parts t o the citizens at large. standing, as a result of this, has been much improved and continued efforts on the part of all municipal agencies shall be necessary in order to implement comprehensive plans. 3

Public under-

I

Another important means of public education is the local newspaper. Excel- lent coverage has been provided by the newspaper during the planning period and they have indicated a desire to continue this service. It shall be the responsibility of the Planning Commission and the local governing body to prepare and submit articles for newspaper reproduction; and to be sure that newspaper repre- sentatives are present at meetings during which portions of the planning program are to b.e discussed.

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It is recognized t h a t pub l i c support i s necessary i n t h e changing of a p l an from a p i c t u r e t o a phys ica l s t r u c t u r e of concre te and steel. newspaper is an exce l l en t means of achieving t h i s pub l i c support . t h e r e f o r e , important t o recognize t h a t a t least 50 percent of t h e activit ies involved i n planning on a cont inuing b a s i s should be aimed toward achiev ing an adequate pub l i c r e l a t i o n s program.

The l o c a l It is

SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS

The c o n t r o l of subdiv is ion development through subdiv is ion r egu la t ions is’ an e s t ab l i shed p r a c t i c e i n forwardlooking count ies , ci t ies, townships, and boroughs throughout t h e United S t a t e s . Such r egu la t ions are fundamental i n s u s t a i n i n g t h e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s of planning and zoning f o r t h e b e n e f i t of t h e community as a whole. This has been recognized i n t h e Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by t h e Leg i s l a tu re which bas adopted enabl ing l e g i s l a t i o n permit- t i n g t h e governing bodies of count ies , c i t ies , townships, and boroughs t o enac t subdiv is ion r egu la t ions .

A l l over Pennsylvania new homes, streets, schools , i ndus t ry and u t i l i t i e s are p lac ing i n d e l i b l e p a t t e r n s on r a w land. t h e s e new f a c i l i t i e s f i t i n t o the o v e r a l l p a t t e r n , each community w i l l reap e i t h e r headaches o r rewards i n the years t o come. I n t h e p a s t , premature and unplanned subdiv is ion of land r e s u l t e d not only i n d o l l a r and cent l o s s e s t o proper ty owners and l o c a l government, but i n lowered s tandards of community l i f e . a f f a i r between t h e real e s t a t e developer and the prospec t ive home owner is of v i t a l concern t o the t o t a l community.

Depending on how poorly o r wise ly

That i s why t h e subdiv is ion and developemnt of land as a p r i v a t e bus iness

Urban and suburban areas are faced wi th problems which can be t r aced d i r e c t l y t o mistakes made i n the o r i g i n a l subd iv i s ion of land . once f ixed upon the land, are both d i f f i c u l t and c o s t l y t o c o r r e c t . o f problems do these mistakes create f o r communities? and alignment create t r a f f i c congestioa,hamper t h e smooth flow of t r a f f i c , encourage acc idents , and n e c e s s i t a t e expensive street widening later on. Some areas are so crowded wi th houses and people t h a t p o l i c e and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n becomes more c o s t l y , p l ac ing a d d i t i o n a l t a x burdens on t h e community. Sa fe w a t e r supply and sewage d i sposa l f a c i l i t i e s may b e lacking , thereby c r e a t i n g complete d i s r ega rd f o r e x i s t i n g community u t i l i t i e s , r equ i r ing t h a t muicipal i - t ies la ter d i g up and r e su r face streets i n order t o i n s t a l l l a r g e r sewer and w a t e r mains, s o t h a t subdiv is ions may have adequate s e r v i c e . It may b e t h a t necessary land w a s no t reserved f o r schools and playgrounds, f i r e s t a t i o n s , o r parks .

These mistakes, What kind

S t r e e t s of improper width

Such sites, once subdiv is ions have sprung up are c o s t l y t o buy.

Munic ipa l i t i e s t h a t have had ex tens ive subd iv i s ion without r egu la t ions r e q u i r i n g t h a t b a s i c improvements such as streets, sidewalks, curbs , g u t t e r s , drainage f a c i l i t i e s , s e w e r and w a t e r be i n s t a l l e d by developers , have s e r i o u s l y s t r a i n e d t h e i r f i n a n c i a l pos i t i on . The average t a x base is no t geared t o t h e g r e a t improvements required. The pub l i c demands improvements -- and t h e govern- i n g body does not have t h e resources t o comply wi th their reques ts . a few of t h e problems c rea t ed by e r r o r s of t h e p a s t and the f a i l u r e t o recognize t h e long-range e f f e c t of land subdivis ion. w i l l e l imina te many s i m i l a r problems i n the f u t u r e .

These are

R e a l i s t i c subdiv is ion r egu la t ions

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Elements of Poor Subdivis ion Planning

Some of t h e p r i n c i p a l elements of poor planning t h a t can b e overcome by properly drawn and administered Subdivision Regulations include:

a. b.

d. e.

f .

g. h. i.

C.

j.

k. 1. m.

n.

Gridiron street p a t t e r n s without a r e s i d e n t i a l subdivis ion. Heavily t r a v e l e d streets wi th in a r e s i d e n t i a l subdivis ion. Angular i n t e r s e c t i o n s t h a t encourage t r a f f i c accidents . Non-abutting c ros s streets leading t o acc iden t s . Numerous subd iv i s ion en t r ance streets from p r i n c i p a l c o l l e c t o r streets o r main highways. Dead end and improperly planned streets, o r improperly s i z e d c i r c u l a r turn-arounds, o r no turn-arounds. Ribbon type shopping d i s t r i c t s adding t o parking problems. Small uneconomical blocks and too many streets. Lack of o f f - s t r e e t parking space f o r r e s i d e n t i a l , commercial, pub l i c and i n d u s t r i a l a c t i v i t i e s . S to res and commercial a c t i v i t i e s l oca t ed "hit-or-miss" a m i d r e s i d e n t i a l areas. Lot no t perpendicular t o streets. Schools l oca t ed on heavi ly t r ave led streets. Small corner l o t s c r e a t i n g t r a f f i c hazards and not adequate f o r t h e bu i ld ing proposed. Excessively deep l o t s .

Elements of Good Subdivision Planning

Good planning f o r t h e f u t u r e well-being of a community is assured i f t h e subdivis ion r egu la t ions are so drawn and s o administered t h a t t he following may be obtained:

a. b.

C .

d.

e.

f . g* h.

i. j.

k.

1.

m.

The r e s e r v a t i o n and p ro tec t ion of rights-of-way f o r major throughfares. Curved street p a t t e r n s i n r e s i d e n t i a l subdivis ions based on contour l i n e s and leading t o a q u i e t family-type r e s i d e n t i a l development. Diversion of heavy and th rough- t r a f f i c from r e s i d e n t i a l areas. Sa fe perpendicular street i n t e r s e c t i o n s , pe rmi t t i ng clear v i e w i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s . Limited number of main en t r ances , t o subdivis ions discouraging heavy t r a f f i c and leading t o a slower-paced t r a f f i c w i th in t h e r e s i d e n t i a l subdivis ion. Quiet w e l l designed family-type streets wi th in a subdivis ion. The provis ion of l o c a l streets f o r l o c a l t r a f f i c only. S t r e e t s t h a t f i t t he topography of t h e land r a t h e r than a g r i d i r o n p a t t e r n which r e s u l t s i n excessive and impossible grades f o r automobiles i n severe weather. The design of blocks t o be long and economical wherever poss ib l e . The provis ion of crosswalks t o community f a c i l i t i e s where t h e r e is an except ional ly long block. An organized shopping c e n t e r , i f t h e r e is a need f o r such, with a l l commercial f a c i l i t i e s located i n one c e n t r a l l oca t ion . Adequate o f f - s t r e e t parking space provided for commercial and o the r uses. Wide c o m e r l o t s providing a clearer view of automobile t r a f f i c approaching corners and thus inc reas ing t r a f f i c s a f e t y .

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Lots perpendicular t o t h e s t r e e t providing more economical u t i l i z a t i o n of t he land and a more va r i ed placement of s t r u c t u r e s on l o t s . Provis ion f o r necessary i n t e r i o r school , r e c r e a t i o n , and park areas away from main t r ave led streets.

Adminis t ra t ion of Subdivis ion Regulations

It is u s e l e s s f o r a community t o adopt Subdivis ion Regulations un le s s i t has , p r i o r t o i t s adopt ion , clearly determined how and by what means they w i l l be adminis tered. The success o r ' f a i l u r e of subdiv is ion r egu la t ions rests square ly wi th i t s admin i s t r a t ion . s ta te c l e a r l y who w i l l be r e spons ib l e f o r t he enforcement and adminis t ra t ion . It should a l s o provide t h e means whereby admin i s t r a t ion may be f i n a n c i a l l y supported.

The Subdivis ion Regulat ions should

General Comments

I n o rde r t o d ischarge t h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o i n s u r e sound community growth, t h e l o c a i government must see t h a t subd iv i s ion does n o t take p l ace i n a haphazard fash ion , bu t is t a i l o r e d t o a sound plan of development. Adequate subdiv is ion r e g u l a t i o n s are t h e backbone of such a p lan .

Good subd iv i s ion r e g u l a t i o n s provide a p ro tec t ion n o t only t o t h e l o c a l government b u t a l s o t o t h e developer , t h e i n v e s t o r , and t h e home owner. From t h e developer 's viewpoint, a w e l l designed subd iv i s ion w i l l b e more appea l ing t o lending i n s t i t u t i o n s and t o p rospec t ive buyers. It w i l l a l s o c r e a t e a l a r g e r propor t ion of l o t s which can be so ld a t b e t t e r p r i c e s . It is important t o both t h e inves to r and t h e homeowner t h a t t he neighborhood be l a i d ou t i n such away t h a t i t is p ro tec t ed a g a i n s t r ap id de t e r io ra t ion . : The safe-guarding of the cha rac t e r of a development, th rough. p rov i s ions of adequate l o t w id th and s i z e , street widths and design, community f a c i l i t i e s , and s e r v i c e s , and p r o t e c t i v e covenants, s u p p l i e s a s t a b i l i t y t o t h e home owner's investment and provides s e c u r i t y i n one of t h e most important a s p e c t s of family l i f e .

It is recognized t h a t subd iv i s ion c o n t r o l , be ing new t o some communities, w i l l be quest ioned by some c i t i z e n s and.developers as t o t h e i r necess i ty . It should be poin ted out t h a t good subdiv is ion p r a c t i c e s cannot be assured wi thout a reasonable , well-drawn and comprehensive subdiv is ion r e g u l a t i o n ordinance i n e f f e c t and adminis te red .

ZONING

Zoning is an e x e r c i s e of t h e Po l i ce Power which e s t a b l i s h e s con t ro l over the type and cha rac t e r o f development which may take p lace i n a community. The l e g a l purpose f o r zoning as e s t a b l i s h e d i n S t a t e Law is "To promote t h e h e a l t h , s a f e t y , and g e n e r a l we l f a re of t he community.. . t o lessen congest ion. i n t h e streets; secure s a f e t y from f i r e , panic , and o t h e r dangers; provide adequate l i g h t and a i r ; avoid undue concent ra t ion of populat ion and f a c i l i t a t e t h e provis ion of municipal se rv ices" .

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Zoning has t h r e e c e n t r a l purposes :

-1. To promote p u b l i c h e a l t h by reducing housing congestion. 2. To p r o t e c t . l a n d values by preventing the in t roduc t ion of

e n t e r p r i s e s which would cause t h e d e t e r i o r a t i o n of r e s i d e n t i a l neighborhoods, and

3. To reduce t h e c o s t s of municipal government.

Equally important purposes underlying zoning are: The area regu la t ions -serve t o reduce f i r e hazards; and i f o f f - s t r e e t parking requirements are included, t h e e f f e c t w i l l be t o reduce t r a f f i c congestion formerly caused by on-street parking; thus i n t u r n t r a f f i c s a f e t y w i l l be promoted.

The r e l a t i o n of zoning t o o t h e r a s p e c t s of housing r e g u l a t i o n is e s p e c i a l l y apparent when t h e purposes of zoning are compared with t h e purposes underlying b u i l d i n g cons t ruc t ion r egu la t ions . bu i ld ing codes have t h e same ob jec t ives of p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t s a f e t y and h e a l t h hazards. Zoning, of course, is a l s o an i n t e g r a l p a r t of a n o v e r a l l planning program. which may b e occupied on p r i v a t e land. p l e t e s t h e p i c t u r e by covering street layout and t h e l o c a t i o n of parks and pub l i c bui ldings.

Both zoning and

The Zoning Ordinance r e g u l a t e s l and use and t h e area The o v e r a l l planning program com-

PLANNED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

T r a d i t i o n a l zoning and subdivis ion requirements have sometimes l e d t o uninspired and unwise development p a t t e r n s . The r i g i d r e s t r i c t i o n s imposed by t h e s e r egu la t ions o f t e n fo rce t h e developer t o maximize t h e use of h i s land with l i t t l e concern f o r t h e environment, physiographic c o n s t r a i n t s , o r innovat ive design.

The Pennsylvania Munic ipa l i t i e s Planning Code ( A c t 247) provides t h e enabl ing l e g i s l a t i o n f o r l o c a l governments t o enact Planned Res iden t i a l Development (PRD) Ordinances, which combine elements of both t h e zoning and the subdivis ion and land development ordinances i n t o a more f l e x i b l e and innovat ive design approach. The purposes f o r adopting a PRD ordinance include :

a. To meet t h e growing demand f o r a l l housing types. b. To add design f l e x i b i l i t y . c. To encourage innovations i n r e s i d e n t i a l development. d. To encourage a more e f f i c i e n t use of land and pub l i c services. e. To provide a procedure which can relate t h e type, design, and

layout of t h e development t o t h e si te.

Bas i ca l ly , PRD regu la t ions e s t a b l i s h c e r t a i n general o v e r a l l s tandards f o r dens i ty , water supply, sewage d i sposa l , percentage of open space, and so on. The developer is permitted considerable f l e x i b i l i t y w i th in these e s t a b l i s h e d cri teria, given t h e approval of PRD plans by t h e Board of Super- v i so r s . PRD is, however, only an opt ion which is a v a i l a b l e t o t h e developer meet ingcertain cri teria. It is no t a form of development s p e c i f i c a l l y

.mandated by a l o c a l ordinance.

8 4 .

Properly designed and adminis tered, a PRD can b e n e f i t bo th the developer The PRD genera l ly permits t h e developer t o i n c r e a s e and t h e munic ipa l i ty .

h i s o v e r a l l dens i ty i n r e t u r n f o r a percentage of t o t a l land used f o r and devoted t o common open space. The developer b e n e f i t s by having increased des ign f l e x i b i l i t y and fewer roads and u t i l i t y l i n e s . b e n e f i t s by a c e n t r a l i z a t i o n of s e r v i c e areas, less maintenance, and more b e n e f i c i a l use of developable land area.

The munic ipa l i ty

There are s e v e r a l key c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of PRD des ign t h a t provide oppor tun i t i e s f o r e f f e c t i v e and e f f i c i e n t development.

a .

b.

C.

d.

e.

f .

g *

The s c a l e and f l e x i b i l i t y of a PRD p r o j e c t both pe rmi t s and r equ i r e s p lac ing uses a t t h e most appropr i a t e l o c a t i o n s on t h e si te. It is c r i t i c a l t o provide f o r t h e s a f e and e f f i c i e n t movemeEt of automobiles and goods from or,e p a r t of t h e development t o another . PRD design permits t h e developer t o s e p a r a t e pedes t r i an and veh icu la r t r a f f i c by using the open space network. Shopping areas and high dens i ty areas should be placed i n l o c a t i o n s which do not c r e a t e congest icn o r d e t r a c t from low dens i ty r e s i d e n t i a l neighborhoods. PRD design p e r m i t s more e f f i c i e n t placement and d i s t r i b u t i o n of u t i l i t i e s . PRD s c a l e and design al lows f o r t h e incorpora t ion of d i f f e r e n t housing types t o meet varying market demands without adversely a f f e c t - ing the a t t r a c t i v e n e s s of any ind iv idua l type. I n . o r d e r t o be worthwhile, r e c r e a t i o n areas must be s u i t e d t o t h e r e s iden t s , both i n terms of type and loca t ion .

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ADDENDUMS

This s e c t i o n addresses va r ious problems and needs of Sandy Township as i d e n t i f i e d by the Sandy Township Planning Commission, Clearf i e l d County Planning Commission and the North. Central Pennsylvania Regional Planning and Development Commission. w e l l being of the Township and implementation should be i n i t i a t e d immediately.

These va r ious needs are vi ta l t o the o v e r a l l

A. ESTABLISHMENT OF A SANDY TOWNSHIP-DUBOIS J O I N T PLANNING COMMISSION

Since 1970 the population of DuBois decl ined by 8.5%. During the same pe r iod , however , t he populat ion of Sandy Township increased by 40.6%. This r e s u l t e d i n a n e t i nc rease of 8.5% f o r t he Sandy Township-DuBois area. During t h i s same t i m e per iod, Pennsylvania increased by only 0.6%. To f u r t h e r i l l u s t r a t e t h i s high rate of growth, housing u n i t s increased 4.1% i n DuBois and 56% i n Sandy Township, f o r a n e t change of 21.8% during the p a s t decade. Thus, i t is c l e a r l y ind ica t ed t h a t t h e Sandy Township-DuBois area has experienced acce le ra t ed growth during the p a s t decade . This high rate of populat ion growth is p a r a l l e l e d by t h e cont inuing development of commercial and i n d u s t r i a l es tabl ishments , and t h e need f o r schools , roads, p o l i c e and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n , adequate sewer and water f a c i l i t i e s , and many o the r services.

The d a t a i l l u s t r a t e s t h e opportunity f o r Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission. t he p o t e n t i a l b e n e f i t s of t h i s proposal, (2) procedures i n e s t a b l i s h i n g the Commission, and (3 ) recommended gu ide l ines which t h e Commission should follow.

The remainder of t h i s s e c t i o n w i l l focus on (1)

1. P o t e n t i a l Benefi ts

I

A s mentioned previously, t he re i s a desperate need f o r expanded p u b l i c services and improved planning i n the Sandy Township-&Bois area. A j o i n t planning commission could provide a s t r u c t u r e f o r improved planning of municipal s e r v i c e s , coordinated development p o l i c i e s , and reduced development and maintenance cos t s . The following th ree p o i n t s no te the p o s s i b l e b e n e f i t s of a j o i n t planning commission and how these b e n e f i t s w i l l a f f e c t Sandy Township and DuBois. Examples of t he b e n e f i t s w i l l follow.

. ..

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a. Uniform Standards

It i s suggested t h a t t h e Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission adopt uniform s t anda rds , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n d e a l i n g with developments having a d i r e c t e f f e c t on both m u n i c i p a l i t i e s . This p o l i c y could include admin i s t r a t ive procedures and regu- l a t i o n s such as road ordlnances and cons t ruc t ion s t anda rds , zoning and subdivis ion ordinances, and bu i ld ing and housing codes.

b. Coordination of Improvements and Construction

Obviously, any area growkg at the rate of t he Sandy Township- DuBois area w i l l experience a n acce le ra t ed need f o r a l l community services. A t t h e same t t m e , improvements of the p re sen t f a c i l i t i e s w i l l a l s o be necessary. A coordinat ion of improvements and cons t ruc t ion a f f e c t i n g both m u n i c i p a l i t i e s w i l l s ecu re t imely p rov i s ion of important community services where they are most needed.

c. Cost Reductions

Perhaps the most important b e n e f i t of a Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission would be the p o t e n t i a l c o s t reduct ions f o r maintenance, cons t ruc t ion and supe rv i s ion of both p r i v a t e and pub l i c p r o j e c t s i n the Sandy Township-DuBois area. A well-ordered j o i n t e f f o r t t o encourage p o s i t i v e growth and b e n e f i c i a l development may spur p r i v a t e investment i n the area.

2. Examples

As mentioned previously, a growing area w i l l need new and improved roads. t he roads of t he area. Jniform s t anda rds , cooperat ive maintenance, and coordinated cons t ruc t ion would r e s u l t i n both t i m e and c o s t savings. Any new cons t r ac t ion , widening, r e p a i r i n g , snow removal and even purchase of road equipment performed cooperat ively would b e cos t e f f e c t i v e .

A l l of t he above mentioned b e n e f i t s would g r e a t l y e f f e c t

b . I n d u s t r i a l and Commercial F a c i l i t i e s

A planning commission ca2 have an important r o l e i n determining t h e type and l o c a t i o n of commercial and i n d u s t r i a l es tabl ishments . Since t h e e f f e c t s of any new development w i l l b e f e l t by adjacent communities , a j o i n t planning of chese cons ide ra t ions is v i t a l t o wholesome growth of t he e n t i r e area. The development of uniform s t anda rds i s c r u c i a l i n t h i s r e spec t . j o i n t zoning l a w s and bu i ld ing codes would provide more d e s i r a b l e and o rde r ly development with b e n e f i t s accruing t o both munici- p a l i t i e s .

Perhaps t h e formation of

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f .

Housing

As mentioned earlier, the number of housing u n i t s i n the Sandy Township-DuBois area has increased dramatical ly during the p a s t decade. Construction of new housing, whether s i n g l e o r multi- family u n i t s , i s a major concern of a l l l o c a l governments. The primary b e n e f i t s i n t h i s case r e s u l t from uniform s t anda rds f o r bu i ld ing codes and zoning.

P o l i c e and F i r e P ro tec t ion

I n an area growing a t an acce le ra t ed rate, increased p o l i c e and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n w i l l be one of t he p r i n c i p a l concerns of t h e c i t i z e n s . A j o i n t coordinat ion of services could prove t o be c o s t e f f e c t i v e . A cos t shar ing of equipment purchase and personnel has been demonstrated t o reduce o v e r a l l cos t s . F i n a l l y , the establ ishment of j o i n t p o l i c e and f i r e companies could a l s o prove t o be b e n e f i c i a l f o r similar reasons.

Water and Sewer Services

The w a t e r and sewer systems i n the Sandy Township-DuBois area p resen t ly r ep resen t a most p re s s ing problem. There are c u r r e n t l y th i r ty -n ine p r i v a t e water companies i n Sandy Township, a l l of which purchase t h e i r water from the c i t y of DuBois. The cu r ren t proposals t o combine these sepa ra t e systems i n t o one w a t e r a u t h o r i t y f o r Sandy Township could be expedited by t h e Sandy Township Planning Comission. Moreover, success fu l formation of t he a u t h o r i t y could be t h e f i r s t s t e p i n eventual ly e s t a b l i s h i n g a j o i n t w a t e r a u t h o r i t y between Sandy Township and DuBois. The b a s i s of e s t a b l i s h i n g such an a u t h o r i t y would be one of t he many assets of a j o i n t planning commission.

Coordination of Ordinances and Regulations

Local ordinances and r egu la t ions (e.g., zoning, subdivis ion) can have a very p o s i t i v e e f f e c t on d e s i r a b l e growth and development. Proper admin i s t r a t ion of t hese r egu la t ions , however, is o f t e n d i f f i c u l t t o achieve. A j o i n t commission could work more e f f e c t i v e l y toward the establ ishment of s e n s i b l e r egu la t ions , uniform standards and requirements, and more adequate enforcement procedures.

Although j o i n t r egu la t ions need n o t b e adopted, t h e r e are p o t e n t i a l b e n e f i t s t o such an endeavor. For in s t ance , a j o i n t zoning ordinance would e l imina te the need f o r independent zoning hea r ing boards. It would a l s o permit a n adequate d e l i n e a t i o n of zoning d i s t r i c t s throughout t h e area by reducing t h e burden of exclu- s ionary provis ion. I n e f f e c t , t he f u t u r e land use p l an , implemented i n p a r t through the zoning ordinance, could provide f o r more o rde r ly and appropriate development throughout t he Sandy Township-DuBois area.

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3. Analvsis and Recommendatiors

From the above d iscuss ion , i t appears t h a t a u s e f u l agenda f o r a j o i n t planning commission between Sandy Township and DuBois Ci ty a l ready exists. The p o t e n t i a l b e n e f i t s , whi le complicated by a legacy of mutual m i s t r u s t and p r o t e c t i v e s e l f - h t e r e s t , s e e m worthwhile and f o r t he gene ra l w e l l being. Implementation of many of t hese sugges t ions would undoubtedly t a k e much time and r e q u i r e s u b s t a n t i a l amounts of personal e f f o r t on both s i d e s .

The simple act of e s t a b l i s h i n g a formal r e l a t i o n s h i p f o r exchange of information and d i scuss ion of mutual i s s u e s would, howevers begin a hea l thy process of cooperat ion. i n t o a t r u l y meaningful implement f o r guiding the f u t u r e growth and development of the Sandy Township-DuBois area.

Perhaps such a forum would develop

It is, t h e r e f o r e , t he recommendation of t h i s r e p o r t t o i n v e s t i g a t e and promote t h e formal es tabl ishment of a j o i n t Sandy Township-DuBois planning commission. The remainder of t h i s s e c t i o n addresses t h e governing laws and procedures f o r forming and adminis te r ing such a commission.

4 . Es tab l i sh ing a J o i n t Municipal Planning Commission

This s e c t i o n w i l l o u t l i n e the s t e p s , procedures and goa ls of e s t a b l i s h - i n g a j o i n t planning commission. This s e c t i o n is taken d i r e c t l y from A r t i c l e X I of t he "Pennsylvania Munic ipa l i t i e s Planning Code.''

Sec t ion 1101. For the purpose of promoting h e a l t h , s a f e t y , morals and the gene ra l wel fa re of t he var ious areas i n the Commonwealth through the e f f e c t i v e development of such area, t h e fol lowing powers f o r t he es tab l i shment of j o i n t municipal planning commissions are hereby granted.

L e g i s l a t i v e Funding and Declara t ion of Pol icy -

Sect ion 1102. Crea t ion , Appointment and Operation of J o i n t Municipal Planning Commission - The governing bodies of two o r more m u n i c i p a l i t i e s may by ordinance o r r e s o l u t i o n au tho r i ze the establ ishment and p a r t i c i p a t i o n o r membership i n and support o f , a j o i n t municipal planning commission. The number and q u a l i f i c a t i o n s of the m e m b e r s of such planning commission and t h e i r terms and method of appointment o r removal s h a l l be such as may be determined and agreed upon by the governing bodies . Members of a j o i n t municipal planning commission s h a l l se rve without salary b u t may be pa id expenses, incur red i n the performance of t h e i r d u t i e s . The j o i n t mu2icipal planning

. commission s h a l l e l e c t a chairman whose term s h a l l no t exceed , o n e yea r and who s h a l l be e l i g i b i e f o r r e e l e c t i o n . The

commission may create and f i l l such o t h e r o f f i c e s as i t may determine. Every j o i n t municipal planning commission s h a l l

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adopt r u l e s f o r t he t r ansac t ions , f i nd ings and determinat ions, which record s h a l l be a p u b l i c record. member municipal i ty may from t i m e t o t i m e , upon t h e r eques t of the j o i n t municipal planning commission, a s s i g n o r d e t a i l t o t h e commission any employees of t he municipal i ty t o make s p e c i surveys o r s t u d i e s .

Each p a r t i c i p a t i n g o r

Sec t ion 1103. Finances, S t a f f and Program - (a) The governing

1

bodies of mun ic ipa l i t i e s s h a l l have the a u t h o r i t y to appropr i a t e funds f o r the purpose of con t r ibu t ing t o t h e operat ion of a j o i n t municipal planning commission, with t h e consent of a l l t h e governing bodies , may also receive g r a n t s from the Federal o r S t a t e governments, o r from ind iv idua l s o r foundations , and s h a l l have the a u t h o r i t y t o contact therewith. Every j o i n t municipal planning commission s h a l l have the power t o appoint such employees and s t a f f as i t may deem necessary f o r i t s work, and con t r ac t with planners and o t h e r consu l t an t s f o r t he services i t may r e q u i r e t o the e x t e n t permit ted by i ts f i n a n c i a l resources . Each such commission may a l s o perform planning s e r v i c e s f o r any municipal i ty which is not a member thereof and may charge f e e s f o r the work. A j o i n t municipal planning commission may a l s o prepare and s e l l maps, r e p o r t s , b u l l e t i n s o r o the r material and e s t a b l i s h reasonable charges theref o re . (b) A j o i n t municipal planning commission may provide planning a s s i s t a n c e and do planning work, including surveys, land use s t u d i e s , urban renewal plans, t echn ica l services and o t h e r elements of comprehensive- planning and planning e f f e c t u a t i o n programs i n and f o r any p a r t i c i p a t i n g o r m e m b e r municipal i ty and f o r t h i s purpose may , with the consent of a l l governing bodies , accept and u t i l i z e any funds, personnel o r o the r a s s i s t a n c e made a v a i l a b l e by Fede ra l o r S t a t e government o r any of t h e i r agencies o r from ind iv idua l s o r foundations, and f o r the purposes of r ece iv ing and using Federal o r S t a t e planning g r a n t s f o r provis ion of urban planning a s s i s t a n c e may e n t e r i n t o agreements or con t r ac t s regarding acceptance o r u t i l i z a t i o n of funds o r a s s i s t a n c e .

Sect ion 1104. Preparat ion of Comprehensive P lan - Every j o i n t municipal planning commission s h a l l prepare and maintain a comprehensive p l an in accordance with t h e provis ion of t h i s a c t , f o r t h e guidance of the continuing development of t he area encompassed by the p a r t i c i p a t i n g o r member mun ic ipa l i t i e s .

Sect ion 1105. Munic ipa l i t i e s and Others - Every j o i n t municipal planning commission s h a l l encourage t h e cooperation of the p a r t i c i p a t i n g m u n i c i p a l i t i e s i n m a t t e r s which concern the i n t e g r i t y of the comprehensive plan o r maps prepared by the commission, and, as an a i d toward coordinat ion, a l l m u n i c i p a l i t i e s and p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s upon request f u r n i s h t o the j o i n t municipal planning commission w i t h i n a reasonable t i m e t h e a v a i l a b l e maps, p l ans , r e p o r t s , s t a t i s t i c a l o r o the r information such commission may r e q u i r e f o r i ts work.

Cooperation Among J o i n t Municipal Planning Commission,

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Sec t ion 1106. Munic ipa l i t i e s which are p resen t ly p a r t i c i ? a t i n g i n an e x i s t i n g r e g i o n a l planning commission may e lect t o comply wi th and be governed by t h e p r o v i s i o r s of t h e act.

Establ ished Regional Planning Commission -

Sect ion 1107. r e p e a l by i t of any pr5or enabl ing l a w s r e l a t i n g t o r e g i o n a l planning commission c rea t ed under such l a w s . This act , i n such r e spec t , s h a l l b e deemed a con t inua t ion and c o d i f i c a t i o n of such p r i o r enabl ing laws,

Saving Clzuse - The passage of t h i s act and t h e

SOURCE: Pennsylvania Municipal Planning Code, A c t 247 as amended Pennsylvania Department of Community A f f a i r s .

5. F i n a l Comments

By ob ta in ing the approval of the Sandy Township Supervisors and the DuBois Ci ty Council, a Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission can be e s t a b l i s h e d .

It is suggested t h a t t he Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission c o n s i s t of t e n (10) members wi th f i v e (5) members from each munici- p a l i t y . thus avoiding a t i e i n a vo t ing i s s u e .

It i s suggested t h a t t h e chairman be a non vo t ing member,

It i s upon the agreement of Sandy Township whether o r not t o maintain t h e i r e x i s t i n g planning commission. As of t h i s w r i t i n g , several meetings of the Sandy Township-DuBois J o i n t Planning Commission have been he ld . It has been u n o f f i c i a l l y decided t h a t each municipal i ty would disband t h e i r e x i s t i n g planning commissions. I f t h i s becomes a r e a l i t y the j o i n t commission should adopt uniform b u i l d i n g codes and subd iv i s ion r egu la t ions .

B . SANDY TOWNSHIP MANAGER

1. In t roduc t ion

The inc reas ing p res su re f o r municipal services, t h e s t r a i n on e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s , and the g r e a t e r r e l i a n c e on l o c a l responsi- b i l i t y f o r pub l i c management have l e d to an inc reas ing ly complex admin i s t r a t ive s i t u a t i o n f o r a l l m u n i c i p a l i t i e s , no t only Sandy Township. Local governments are being forced t o address wide ranging and complicated i s s u e s , o f t e n r equ i r ing s p e c i a l i z e d t r a i n i n g n o t a v a i l a b l e from t h e gene ra l population. The age of t he c i t i z e n admin i s t r a to r is , unfortunately, quickly becoming a th ing of t he p a s t .

2. Advantages and Bene f i t s of a Township Manager

This s e c t i o n w i l l d i s cuss the advantages and b e n e f i t s of h i r i n g a township manager. This lis: could a l s o c o n s t i t u t e t h e b a s i c d u t i e s of t he township manager.

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a. Improve Cap i t a l and Annual Budgets

One of t he major concerns of the manager is t h e c a p i t a l and annual budgets . There are a number of similarities and several b a s i c d i f f e rences between t h e c a p i t a l and annual budgets.

I n view of the f a c t t h a t t he c a p i t a l budget is r e l a t e d t o the annual budget as proposed c a p i t a l expendi tures are incorpora ted i n t o the annual budget t h e r e remain more d i f f e r e n c e s than s imilar i t ies between the two. The similarities, by way of comparison and c o n t r a s t , are much less s i g n i f i c a n t than the d i f f e r e n c e s .

The b a s i c s imilar i t ies between the c a p i t a l budget and the annual budget are th ree fo ld . F i r s t of a l l , each budget r ep resen t s a series of goa ls o r items wi th p r i c e tags a t t ached . Second, each budget r e f l e c t s a g iven t i m e frame as t o when t h e goa ls o r i t e m s w i l l be accomplished, acqui red , o r pa id . Third, each budget i d e n t i f i e s , e i t h e r genera l ly o r s p e c i f i c a l l y , t he source of funds t o be a l l o c a t e d and expended. I n t h i s r e s p e c t , such similari t ies are common t o ' h o s t budgets and, t he re fo re , t he d i f f e r e n c e s between the two are of much g r e a t e r s i g n i f i c a n c e .

There are f i v e major d i f f e rences between the c a p i t a l budget and the annual budget. F i r s t of a l l , the c a p i t a l budget i s usua l ly p ro jec t ed over a per iod between four and s i x yea r s . i t e m s are i d e n t i f i e d , scheduled and descr ibed i n terms of c o s t and means of f inanc ing . budget.

C a p i t a l

This i s a d e f i n i t e c o n t r a s t t o t h e

Second, the c a p i t a l budget usua l ly inc ludes a smaller number of i t e m s than t h e annual budget. Even though the items are usua l ly few i n number, t h e i r c o s t s may be h ighe r than the t o t a l annual ope ra t ion and maintenance expenses of the given munic ipa l i ty .

Third, t he c a p i t a l budget o f f e r s a more accu ra t e and s p e c i f i c d e f i n i t i o n of i t s items o r p r o j e c t s . For example, a c a p i t a l budget may de f ine a n i t e m as a "200 horsepower Allis-Chalmers Road Grader cos t ing $45,000," whereas, an annual budget may merely i n d i c a t e "Road Equipment Expenses : $60,000." It would, t he re fo re , b e a b i t more d i f f i c u l t t o i d e n t i f y what items, i n an annual budget, comprised the $60,000 t o t a l placed on t h e form provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Community A f f a i r s . Thus, t he c a p i t a l budget i s more d e s c r i p t i v e i n i d e n t i f y i n g an i t e m o r p r o j e c t .

Thus, these are some of the s imilar i t ies and d i f f e rences between the c a p i t a l budget and the annual budget. a c a p i t a l budget i s a p lan of proposed c a p i t a l ou t l ays t h a t inc ludes a d e s c r i p t i o n of a p r o j e c t o r p r o j e c t s , an e s t ima t ion of t o t a l c o s t s involved, t h e means of f inanc ing , and the schedul ing of p r o j e c t s over t i m e . Subsequently, t he c a p i t a l budget becomes func t iona l when incorporated i n t o the annual budget and when founded on a c a p i t a l improvements program.

I n t h i s r e s p e c t , then,

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The h i r i n g of a township manager would d e f i n i t e l y l e a d t o improved management of t h e annual and c a p i t a l budgets . The manager should s tudy every f i s c a l expense t h a t t h e Township incu r s and r e p o r t t o t he supe rv i so r s the most economically f e a s i b l e way t o manage each i s s u e .

An e f f i c i e n t township manager would save the Township h i s annual s a l a r y . For example, i n 1980 t h e t o t a l ope ra t ion and maintenance c o s t s incur red by Sandy Township t o t a l e d $506,389. A 6% reduc t ion of these c o s t s would r e s u l t i n a n e t sav ings of nea r ly $30,400. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e township manager could genera te a d d i t i o n a l revenue. For example, j u s t one g ran t r ep resen t ing a mere 4% of the budget (o r $20,300) w i l l b a s i c a l l y r e s u l t i n a "savings" of an equiva len t amount. These two examples, ( i . e . , increased e f f i c i e n c y and revenue genera t ion) would r e s u l t i n an annual sav ings of nea r ly $51,000. Thus, i f t he manager's annual s a l a r y w a s $25,500, the sav ings would double t h e annual s a l a r y expense.

b . Monitor Cont inual Expenses

I n conjunct ion wi th improved c a p i t a l and annual budgets , i t is the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t he township manager t o monitor con t inua l expenses. F u l l t i m e monitoring of t hese expenses would a l s o r e s u l t i n s u b s t a n t i a l sav ings and b e t t e r use of the township budget .

c. Advise and Assist Supervisors on Budget P repa ra t ion

The township manager would be a g r e a t asset t o t h e township supe rv i so r s i n p repa ra t ion of t h e i r annual and c a p i t a l budgets . The knowledge gained from f u l l t i m e management of act ivi t ies would r e s u l t i n recommendations of t h e most appropr i a t e spending of the township funds, along wi th methods of reducing township expenses.

d. I n i t i a t e and Moni.tor an E f f i c i e n t Bookkeeping System

I n conjunct ion with a l l of t h e prev ious ly mentioned f i n a n c i a l b e n e f i t s , a f u l l t i m e monitoring of t h e bookkeeping system would r e s u l t i n a more e f f i c i e n t ope ra t ion and c o s t reduct ions . I f needed, a new bookkeeping system could b e i n i t i a t e d and monitored by the township manager.

e. Review, I n t e r p r e t and Organize Pas t Records

Perhaps one of t h e f i r s t d u t i e s of t he new township manager would b e t o review t h e p a s t records. This would obviously make the manager more aware of p a s t and p resen t ac t iv i t ies and problems i n the township. By i n t e r p r e t i n g and organiz ing these records t h e township manager can make dec i s ions which would prevent t he town- s h i p from previous mistakes and poor management.

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f . Maintain More E f f i c i e n t Operation

The township manager would be r e spons ib l e f o r t h e f u l l t i m e supe rv i s ion of a l l on-going ac t iv i t i e s i n the township. I n a d d i t i o n , t he manager would a l s o be t h e con tac t person concerning a l l ques t ions and problems r e l a t i n g t o these act ivi t ies .

g. Marlage Township Personnel

The township manager would be r e spons ib l e f o r superv is ion of t he township employees. I n a d d i t i o n h e would be r e spons ib l e f o r t h e h i r i n g and f i r i n g of t hese employees. Again, f u l l t i m e superv is ion of t hese employees would r e s u l t i n a h igher produc- t i v i t y rate. By sound personnel management, t h e manager would a s s ign the employees i n the most e f f i c i e n t manner, r e s u l t i n g i n a sav ing of township d o l l a r s .

h. Foca l Poin t of Information

Any munic ipa l i ty experiencing t h e acce le ra t ed growth rate of Sandy Township w i l l a l s o experience a g r e a t need f o r information exchange. Residents , p o t e n t i a l commercial and i n d u s t r i a l developers , l o c a l and government o f f i c i a l s are f r equen t ly seeking information involving the ac t iv i t i e s of t h e Township. This duty a lone can keep a township manager busy. I n add i t ion , a l l of the above mentioned groups w i l l f e e l much more comfortable i f they have one permanent contac t person whom they can re la te t o and d e a l with. Obviously, t h e end r e s u l t is a s i g n i f i c a n t l y improved r appor t between Sandy Township and t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t i t must dea l with.

i. Grants Coordinator

Perhaps one of t he more v i t a l b e n e f i t s of t h e township manager would b e t o apply, adminis te r and coord ina te s ta te and f e d e r a l l y funded g r a n t s f o r Sandy Township. Also, i f Sandy Township employs a competent township manager, t h e state and f e d e r a l g r a n t s and loans would be more a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e Township.

3 . Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s

In o rde r f o r Sandy Township t o receive f u l l b e n e f i t of t he above mentioned dutPes, t h e township manager should m e e t t he fol lowing J q u a l i f i c a t i o n s .

. The township manager must possess a bachelors degree i n p u b l i c . admin i s t r a t ion o r a r e l a t e d f i e l d and 3 t o 5 yea r s p ro fes s iona l experience w 5 t h 1 t o 2 yea r s of supe rv i s iona l experience. The candidate should have experience i n municipal f inance , c a p i t a l budgeting and g ran t s coordinat ion. This person must possess e x c e l l e n t w r i t i n g and communication s k i l l s . It i s suggested that t h e s t a r t i n g s a l a r y of t h e Sandy Township manager be nego t i ab le , depending on q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , between $18,000 and $22,000 pe r year .

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4 . F i n a l Comments

With a l l of t h e prev ious ly mentioned f a c t s , i t is recommended t h a t Sandy Township h i r e a township manager. This is no t , by any means, a n e f f o r t t o downgrade the performance of t h e township supe rv i so r s . Thei r p a s t e f f o r t s have been commendable t o say t h e least. The purpose of t h i s proposa l is t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e g r e a t need t o employ a f u l l t i m e township manager to work i n c l o s e r e l a t i o n s h i p wi th t h e township supe rv i so r s as a p ro fes s iona l advisor and admin i s t r a to r .

C. ESTABLISHMENT OF A SANDY TOWNSHIP WATER AUTHORITY

During t h e p a s t s e v e r a l yea r s t h e r e has been much d i scuss ion on t h e es tab l i shment of a Sandy Township Municipal Water Authori ty . There are p r e s e n t l y th i r ty -n ine (39) p r i v a t e water companies i n Sandy Towship , most of which are very s m a l l . I n some cases service, maintenance and p res su re are a l l substandard.

During 1982, t he Sandy .Township Municipal Author i ty , i n coopera t ion wi th t h e Clearf i e l d County Planning Commission, North Cen t ra l Pennsylvania Regional Planning and Development Commission (NCPRPDC) and the Sandy Township Planning Commission, conducted a survey of Sandy Township r e s i d e n t s t o determine t h e p u b l i c ' s opinion on the es tab l i shment of t he Sandy Township Municipal Authori ty .

Unfortunately, the response t o the survey w a s very minimal. The few r e s u l t s t h a t could be t abu la t ed were of l i t t l e va lue .

Despi te t he l a c k of response, i t is s t i l l recommended by the C l e a r f i e l d County Planning Commission, NCPRPDC and the Sandy Township Planning Commission t h a t t he Sandy Township Municipal Water Authori ty b e e s t ab l i shed . The improvements i n p re s su re , service and maintenance would b e s u b s t a n t i a l , a t least .

D. ESTABLISHMENT OF TREASURE LAKE AS A MUNICIPALITY

During t h e p a s t s e v e r a l yea r s t he re has been d i scuss ion as t o whether o r not Treasure Lake should annex from Sandy Township t o form i t s own munic ipa l i ty . A survey w a s undertaken by t h e Sandy Township Planning Commission i n t h e Spring of 1982 t o o b t a i n the views of the r e s i d e n t s on t h i s top ic . The r e s u l t s of t h i s survey are as fol lows:

1. Did you know . . . t h a t t h e maximum t a x mi l lage t h a t t he Township can charge you is 14 and i t is c u r r e n t l y charging you 12 :. . t h a t during t h e s e i n f l a t i o n a r y tines , t h e mi l l age has been dropped from 14 t o 12 and has ' remained t h e r e f o r 3 yea r s? Y e s N o - 760

2. D o you r e a l i z e t h a t t h e maximum, a Borough can charge i n mi l l age is 30 m i l l s ? Yes 264 No - 714

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3. Did you r e a l i z e that t h e Township cannot t ake care of your roads because Treasure Lake is p r i v a t e ? Y e s 796 N o 192

4. A r e you s a t i s f i e d wi th t h e f i r e , p o l i c e , v e c t o r and dog services t h a t are now provided by Sandy Township? Y e s 674 N o - 82

5. Do you f e e l t h a t t h e Property Owners Assoc ia t ion should t ake over the w a t e r and sewage of Treasure Lake r a t h e r than the Township? Y e s 161 N o 635

6. Did you know t h a t your s e c u r i t y p o l i c e have no p o l i c e powers: they are f o r s e c u r i t y only? Y e s - 652 N o 325

7. Sandy Township has o f f e red p o l i c e p a t r o l s ; would you l i k e t o see t h i s s e r v i c e used? Y e s - 613 N o - 240

8. Did you know t h a t i f Treasure Lake becomes a Borough t h e s e c u r i t y g a t e would b e powerless t o keep t h e p u b l i c o u t ? Y e s 585 No 384

9 . Do you f e e l adequately p ro tec t ed from fires when Sandy Tmnship h a s a f i r e h a l l only 4-6 minutes away from you and has e i g h t p i e c e s of equipment plus. mutual a i d a t t h e i r d i sposa l? Y e s 728 No 104 -

10. Do you f e e l t h a t Sandy Township adequately p r o t e c t s your i n t e r e s t s w i th t h e i r planning and zoning ordinances? Y e s 599 No 128

11. Did you r e a l i z e t h a t wh i l e Treasure Lake proper ty taxes are 40% of t h e t a x revenue of Sandy Township, t h a t i t is only 10% of the o v e r a l l budget? Y e s 116 No 809 - -

12. Would you f e e l p ro t ec t ed by a f i r e company t h a t is 6.8 m i l e s away from your g a t e ( v i a I n t e r s t a t e 80) and has a r a i l r o a d c ross ing t o contend wi th and no o t h e r way t o reach you and only two p ieces of f i r e equipment t o b r i n g wi th them and wi th no one else a t t h e i r d i sposa l? Y e s 30 N o 898 -

13. Are you a Homeowner 173 Camper 58 Lot Onwer 872 ? - - 14. The bottom l i n e is , are you i n f avor of Treasure Lake becoming t h e i r

own Borough? Y e s 41 No 972 -

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