sander aquarium systems · working principle of sander’s protein skimmers sander’s skimmers use...
TRANSCRIPT
Sander Aquarium Systems
Protein Skimmers
Helgoland
Fresh-Skim
For more than 50 years, Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH has been
developing and producing innovative products for the water treatment in
seawater aquaria.
Founded in 1961 by Erwin Sander, the company initially developed and produced
small ozone generators for water treatment in seawater aquaria. In the following
years, looking for an efficient reactor to introduce ozone into the system, Erwin
Sander developed and constructed his first protein skimmer.
In 1971, the company won a contract to redesign the aquarium of the Institute for
Marine Science in Kiel: two recirculation systems of 40 m3 each were equipped
with protein skimmers and ozone technology. This event was a milestone in the
company’s history: the transition from serving the hobby aquarist to working for
public and show aquaria as well, with water volumes of several cubic meters.
Expanding towards bigger and more complex water treatment systems for public
show aquaria in the 80s and 90s opened a world-wide market for Sander.
In 2000, the production of skimmers for freshwater aquaria began, and ozone
treatment of pond installations was expanded.
Sander means:2
In 2009, facing world-wide demand in energy savings and higher efficiency in
order to reduce production and running costs, Sander developed a new generation
of protein skimmers: the Helgoland LE range. LE is short for Low Energy – these
skimmers feature an integrated system for the production and blending-in of
bubbles that offers increased efficiency and reduced power consumption.
Today, Sander’s skimmers are in use in domestic environments as well as in large
and public show aquaria all over the world. In recent years, development efforts
have resulted in skimmers of various sizes and enclosure materials.
Many applications benefit from sophisticated water treatment using Sander’s
advanced skimmers – including fish farming and pisciculture systems,
transportation of fish on wellboats, aquaculture, and scientific research.
50+ Years of Aquarium Systems3
Working principle of Sander’s protein skimmers
Sander’s skimmers use very fine air bubbles as the central filtration element. An active
zone builds up on the bubble surface, to which protein compounds adhere very easily
due to their molecular structure. These form two molecular »ends« – a hydrophobic moiety
which attaches to the bubble surface, and a hydrophilic moiety which reaches into the
surrounding body of water. Various pollutants, in turn, accumulate around the hydrophilic
part – in particular, organic materials such as bacteria , viruses and other pollutant
particles .
A conglomerate of air bubble, protein molecules and pollutants forms and floats to the
water surface due to the bubble’s buoyant force. The protein compounds’ surface activity
causes a firm foam structure to build up, enclosing the pollutants. This foam is discharged
via the foam tube. In this way, pollutants are removed not only from the aquarium, but
completely from the water cycle.
In this way, the protein skimmer opens a »window« in the cycle of materials. This fact
distinguishes the protein skimmer substantially from any other mechanical filter.
Left: Air bubbles, protein
compounds and pollutants –
including bacteria and viruses.
Center: Protein compounds attach
to the air bubbles.
Right: Pollutants attach to the
protein compounds and form a
conglomerate.
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
34
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
Substances that may be removed from the water using protein skimming:
· Protein compounds
· Various organic compounds
· Reduction of bod and cod (biological and chemical oxygen demand) –
cod in the foam is concentrated by a factor of about 100
· Precursors of the toxins, ammonium and nitrite
· Fine suspended solids
· Residual feed and feces
· Bacterial biomass and microalgae
· metabolic products from the biofilter
Sander protein skimmers are ideal reaction vessels for the application of ozone. All
Sander protein skimmers are equipped with an ozone inlet. The use of ozone supports and
enhances the effiency of the skimming process and offers valuable benefits – including
oxidation of nitrite, degermination and formation of stable foam.
The beaker on the left contains
clear water from the aquarium
(the so-called process water).
On the right, the beaker is filled
with water from the foam head.
5
Gas balance
Sander protein skimmers effectively enhance the cycle of gases in the water. Animals
breathe oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This reduces the water’s pH. In the skimmer,
carbon dioxide is largely blown out, and oxygen is re-introduced. The water from the
skimmer’s outlet is constantly slightly oversaturated with oxygen.
Interaction with other filter elements
Sander protein skimmers
· substantially enhance the efficacy of biofilters,
· remove metabolic products from biofilters,
· are ideally suited for the application of ozone,
· lengthen the intervals between backwash procedures for sand filters,
· are optimal for safely recycling outlet water from anaerobic biology (denitrification),
· increase the amount of light incidence throughout the entire spectrum.
Highest efficiency
Sander protein skimmers operate at the highest level of efficiency.
The image above shows an example filter set-up (3D rendering) from an aquaculture
facility.
6
Aquarium hobbyists, specialist retailers, large show aquaria, research and
development, as well as fish farms and aquaculture systems – many users and
applications benefit from clear water.
Sander protein skimmers are in use for a wide range of animals – including small, delicate
invertebrates (e. g. corals); shellfish (e. g. crabs); chondrichthyes (e. g. sharks and rays);
osteichthyes (e. g. wrasses and seahorses); penguins, as well as mammals (e. g. seals and
polar bears).
Marine aquaculture for food fish, and fish farms are other areas of application for which
Sander protein skimmers are ideal.
In fish hatcheries, Sander protein skimmers can provide the desired water quality for eggs,
larvae and fingerlings.
7
Parts of a Sander protein skimmer
The various components of a Sander skimmer are inspected and carefully assembled by
our expert staff , who pay great attention to detail. A standard Sander protein skimmer is
equipped with the parts shown here.
Water inlet
The water inlet is located at the top of the reaction
vessel. Water flows through the reaction vessel from
top to bottom.
Manhole for maintenance
Beginning with Helgoland model 1000, our skimmers
are equipped with a manhole. This provides easy
access to the reaction vessel for maintenance and
inspection work.
Standpipe
The standpipe displays the water level in the reaction
vessel. This standpipe is also used in skimmers with
automatic water level control (optional feature):
A pressure sensor measures the water level in the
skimmer and sends this information to the control
electronics. When the water level in the skimmer
becomes too high, the outlet valve is automatically
opened until the water has dropped to the correct
level. When the water level is too low, the outlet
valve is automatically closed until the default level
is reached. This ensures that the skimmer operates
steadily, even under diffi cult conditions such as
hydrodynamic fluctuations.
Drain valve
Using this valve, the skimmer can be completely
emptied of water easily, e. g. for maintenace.
Inner irrigator
A rotating system of nozzles inside the foam tube is
used to cleanse the tube, using pressurized water.
The edge of the foam tube is cleaned by a scrubber.
Foam head
The foam ejected from the foam tube is collected in
the foam head.
Inner irrigatorInner irrigator
A rotating system of nozzles inside the foam tube is
Foam head
The foam ejected from the foam tube is collected in
Water inlet
The water inlet is located at the top of the reaction
Standpipe
The standpipe displays the water level in the reaction
Manhole for maintenance
Beginning with Helgoland model 1000, our skimmers
Drain valve
Using this valve, the skimmer can be completely
8
Reaction vessel
For best results when making use of the counterflow
principle, reaction containers are adequately sized
to allow for a retention time of 1.5 to 2 minutes (in
normal operation).
Injection unit
The injection unit is made up of the feed water pump
and the injector.
The injector provides a vacuum that causes air to be
drawn into the water. The required amount of air may
be controlled and monitored using an air flow meter.
The injector is designed to ensure a steady stream of
fi ne air bubbles.
The feed water pumps are made from seawater-
resistant plastic.
Foam tube
Foam is transported and ejected through the foam
tube. The pollutant-rich foam is accumulated at the
top of the tube before it is ejected into the foam head.
Water outlet
All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the
ground. Designed as a standpipe with an air vent, this
type of outlet makes sure that the skimmer can never
run dry even when it is idle. Beginning with Helgoland
model 600, the outlet is equipped with a large valve
or shutter. On demand, the outlet pipe can be rested
on the ground using stainless steel threaded rods.
Outer irrigator
A separate system of nozzles can be activated to
clean the inside of the foam head and the outside of
the foam tube. This system is operated using fresh
water and can be controlled manually using a valve or
automatically using a timer switch.
Foam tubeFoam tube
Foam is transported and ejected through the foam Foam is transported and ejected through the foam
Outer irrigatorOuter irrigator
A separate system of nozzles can be activated to A separate system of nozzles can be activated to
Reaction vesselReaction vessel
For best results when making use of the counterflow For best results when making use of the counterflow
Water outletWater outlet
All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the
resistant plastic.resistant plastic.
The The
drawn into the water. The required amount of air may drawn into the water. The required amount of air may
9
Acrylic glass
Our skimmers with a
diameter of 250 mm to
500 mm are made from
acrylic glass.
Materials
Sander protein skimmers are made from four diff erent choices of enclosure material –
whichever is best suited to size and site of application (indoor or outdoor).
Polypropylene (PP)
By default, skimmers
with a diameter of 600
mm and greater are made
from polypropylene. This
high-quality, seawater-
resistant material is ideal
for indoor applications.
Fresh-Skim 200 and
Helgoland 500·2100
Helgoland 1750·3000 and
Helgoland 1500·4000
10
Polyethylene (PE)
For outdoor applications,
skimmers of 600 mm
or greater diameter
can be manufactured
from polyethylene. This
high-quality material is
UV resistant as well as
seawater-resistant.
Steel
For applications that
must withstand extreme
conditions such as those on
wellboats, skimmers are
custom-made from steel.
Steel skimmers are provided
with a seawater-resistant
coating.
For applications that
must withstand extreme
conditions such as those on
wellboats, skimmers are
custom-made from steel.
Steel skimmers are provided
with a seawater-resistant
must withstand extreme
conditions such as those on
wellboats, skimmers are
custom-made from steel.
Steel skimmers are provided
with a seawater-resistant
Fresh-Skim 700·3000 and
Helgoland 2900·4000
Helgoland 3000·4500
11
3 1,20,37
BasicDesign
LE Design(Low Energy)
250
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
300
500
600
700
850
1000
1200
1500
1750
2000
2500
3000
4 1,50,45
11 50,7
16 6,71,1
25 90,85
19,7 6,71,1
34 90,85
36 13,61,1
56,5 181,46
74 272,7
25,4 6,71,1
41,5 90,85
47 13,61,1
63 181,46
90 272,7
141 422,7
192 603,8
251 854,85
59 13,61,1
78 181,46
113 272,7
170 423,8
240 603,8
314 854,85
471 1207,6
678 18015
70 13,61,1
94 181,46
135 272,7
212 423,8
289 603,8
377 854,85
589 1207,6
848 18015
81,7 13,61,1
110 181,46
158 272,7
247 423,8
336 603,8
440 854,85
668 1207,6
989 18015
989 18015
Water flow rate (m3/h)(1.5 minutes retention time)
Air intake rate (m3/h)
Power consumption (kW)
989 (1.5 minutes retention time) 15
Power consumption
180 Air intake rate
Technical Specifi cations
Custom design
Our many years of experience allows us to off er expert custom solutions for the most
diverse applications, including systems for lower animals, facilities for sharks, as well as
setups for breeding food fi sh.
Each application requires a unique layout; each client has individual requirements. It is our
goal to fulfi l these requirements. Sander not only provides the skimmers, but also all the
accessory equipment, as well as engineering and project management tasks.
Design height (mm)Diameter(mm)
3 1,2250 0,37
4 1,50,45
11 50,7
16 6,7 19,7 6,7 25,4 6,71,1
25 9
1,1
34 9
1,1
41,5 90,85 0,85
36 13,6
0,85
47 13,6 59 13,6 70 13,6 81,7 13,61,1
56,5 18
1,1
63 18
1,1
78 18
1,1
94 18
1,1
110 181,46
74 27
1,46
90 27
1,46
113 27
1,46
135 27
1,46
158 272,7
247 42
2,7
212 42
2,7
170 42
2,7
141 42
2,7
3,8
336 60
3,8
289 60
3,8
240 60
2,7
192 603,8
440 85
3,8
377 85
3,8
314 85
3,8
251 854,85
668 120
4,85
589 120
4,85
471 120
4,85
7,6
989 180
7,6
848 180
7,6
678 180
3
4
11
16
25
Diameter
3
4
11
16
25
19,7
34
36
56,5
74
19,7
34
36
56,5
74
25,4
41,5
47
63
90
25,4
41,5
47
63
90
141
192
251
141
192
251
59
78
113
59
78
113
170
240
314
471
170
240
314
471
678 678
70
94
135
70
94
135
212
289
377
589
212
289
377
589
848 848
81,7
110
158
81,7
110
158
247
336
440
668
247
336
440
668
989 989
Technical details are subject to modifi cations and amendments.
12
Helgoland 1500·4000Helgoland 1500·3500
Fresh-Skim 700·3000
Fresh-Skim 700·2500
Fresh-Skim 200
Helgoland 1000·3500 Helgoland 1000·4500
Helgoland 2500·3500 Helgoland 2500·4200Helgoland 2500·4200
Helgoland 1000·4500
Helgoland 2500·3500
Helgoland 1500·4000Helgoland 1000·3500 Helgoland 1500·3500
Overview of skimmer models
The fi rst number in the model names denotes the diameter, the
second number stands for the design height of the skimmer
(values in millimeters).
Helgoland 2000·4000
Helgoland 600·2500
Helgoland 250·2050
Helgoland 500·2100
Helgoland 1750·3000 Helgoland 2000·4500
Helgoland 3000·4500
Helgoland 2000·4500Helgoland 1750·3000 Helgoland 2000·4000
HelgolandHelgoland Helgoland
Helgoland 3000·4500
Helgoland 850·3000
Size comparison of Sander protein skimmers
Helgoland 2500·4200
Helgoland 1000·4500
Helgoland 3000·4500
Helgoland 2000·4500
Helgoland 1500·4000
Helgoland 2000·4000
Helgoland 2500·3500
Helgoland 1500·3500 Helgoland 1000·3500
Helgoland 1000·3500
Helgoland 1750·3000
Fresh-Skim 700·3000
Helgoland 600·2500
Helgoland 250·2050
Fresh-Skim 200
Helgoland 500·2010
Fresh-Skim 700·2500
Choosing your setup
Helgoland series · Ozonizers
Fresh-Skim series · Ozonizers
9
20
12
50
33
100
48 60
76
200
123
405
170
224
340
76
102
356
143
524
189
271
424
577
754
125
177
236
340
520
722
942
1413
2035
211
283
407
636
866
1130
1767
2545
245
330
475
742
1010
1319
2002
2969
*1
*1
**2
**2
5
5
5 10
10
10
10
20
10
12
20
10
10
20
10
30
10
16
30
30
40
10
10
12
20
30
40
60
80
120
12
16
20
40
60
60
100
150
12
20
30
40
60
80
100
150
250
200
2000
Design height (mm)
Design height (mm)
Diameter(mm)
Diameter(mm)
2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
300
300
500
500
600
700
700
850
850
1000
1200
1500
1750
2000
2500
3000
What does my aquarium need?
This sizing table provides a guide for chosing the ideal skimmer model and matching
ozonizer. All of the suggested ozonizers are from Sander’s Multizon range, except
for the setups marked with an asterisk (*).
This information is subject to change; we can off er no warranties. Details may change depending on the type of
aquarium – this recommendation is for aquarium setups. For aquaculture systems and special applications (e. g.
wastewater), please contact us – we will be happy to off er our advice.
2969 150Aquarium Size (m3) Max. ozone production (g/h) of matching ozonizer29693)
12 **2300
9 *1250 9 *1250
12
33
**2300
500
12 **2300
33
48 60 7610 10
500
600
33500
48 60
76
76
102 125
10
10
10
10 10
600
700
48 60 7610 10600
76
123
102
143
125
177 211 245
10
10
10
10
10
10 12 12
700
850
76 102 12510 10 10700
123
170
143
189
177
236
211
283
245
330
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
16
12
20
850
1000
123 143 177 211 24510 10 10 12 12850
170
224
189
271
236
340
283
407
330
475
10
12
10
16
12
20
16
20
20
30
1000
1200
170 189 236 283 33010 10 12 16 201000
224
340
271
424
340
520
407
636
475
742
12
20
16
30
20
30
20
40
30
40
1200
1500
224 271 340 407 47512 16 20 20 301200
340 424
577
520
722
636
866
742
1010
20 30
30
30
40
40
60
40
60
1500
1750
340 424 520 636 74220 30 30 40 401500
577
754
722
942
866
1130
1010
1319
30
40
40
60
60
60
60
80
1750
2000
577 722 866 101030 40 60 601750
754 942
1413
1130
1767
1319
2002
40 60
80
60
100
80
100
2000
2500
754 942 1130 131940 60 60 802000
1413
2035
1767
2545
2002
2969
80
120
100
150
100
150
2500
3000
1413 1767 200280 100 1002500
2035 2545 2969120 150 1503000 2035 2545 2969120 150 1503000
150 Max. ozone production
20001800 2500 3000
20 *1200
50 **2300
20 *1200
50
100
**2300
500
50 **2300
100
200 35610 20
500
700
100500
356
524
20
30
356 20200
405
10
20
200 10700
850
700
405 52420 30850 524 30405 20850
Diameter
**2
*1*1
**2
5
**2
5
5
5
55 1010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
20
12
2020
1010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
16
10
16
30
16
30
30
30
30
40
30
4040
203520352035
1010
10
10
10
12
10
12
20
12
20
30
20
30
40
30
40
60
40
60
80
60
2545
80
120
80
2545120 2545120
1212
16
12
16
20
16
20
40
20
40
60
40
60
60
60
2002
60
100
60
2002
2969
100
150
2002100
2969150 2969150
Diameter
*1*1
**2**2
5
**2
55
1010
20
10
2020
Ozonizer models:
Sander Multizon, except:
* S 1000, ** P 2000
Ozonizer models:
Sander Multizon, except:
* S 1000, ** P 2000
14
A modern, well-working filtration system is a basic requirement for a healthy aquarium with
minimal water consumption. In many cases, however, filters alone are insufficient. Sander
has been developing and producing aquarium technology with the oxidizing gas, ozone, as
the central principle of action.
When correctly applied, ozone will:
· oxidize yellow substance to provide clear water
· reduce peak nitrite concentration
· diminish the emergence of germs
· oxidize substances which are not readily bio-degradable
· boost and stabilize the redox potential
· combat cloudy water
· reduce contamination with organic substances
Ozone is provided by Ozonizers. For large aquaria (water capacity over 20 m3), Sander
offers a variety of models in the Multizon series. These fully automatic ozonizers are built
to very demanding German standards (including din 19627 and certification by tüv, the
German Technical Control Board). Sander’s protein skimmers provide the ideal method for
the application of ozone in aquaria: a contact column (reactor). Ozone concentration is
controlled via the redox potential, for which we offer expert solutions as well.
The combination of skimmer and Multizon ozonizer requires additional accessories.
Please contact us for detailed information.
Your aquarium & Sander’s ozone technology
Sander ozonizer Multizon
15
Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH
Am Osterberg 22
31311 Uetze-Eltze
Germany
Phone +49 (51 73) 9 71-0
Fax +49 (51 73) 9 71-197
E-Mail [email protected]
Web www.aqua-sander.de
© 2012 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH. Illustrations and 3D renderings (including title page): hokolo3d.de · Design: ngin.de Photo credits: PHotocASE — S. 2–3: derProjektor, S. 5: alicante, S. 7: obivan
For more information, expert advice and orders, please contact us at:
+49 (51 73) 97 10aqua-sander.de