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The History of Transportation

Science & Tech 11Class Project

Semester 1, 2010 / 2011

Main Sources:http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/

bl_history_of_transportation.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology

The History of Transportation

You will be marked on how well you • research, • record, • format,• and EDIT your information

Main Sources:http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_history_of_transportation.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology

5500 BCThe First Wheel 

• The oldest wheel found in archeological excavations was discovered in what was Mesopotamia and is believed to be over fifty-five hundred years old.

 • Humans realized that heavy

objects could be moved easier if something round, for example a fallen tree log, was placed under it and the object rolled over it.

 Antonio 

The first wheel

4000-3500 BCHorses

• first horses were all wild

• they were hunted used for their meat and skin for leather

•  4000 BC people in central asia began to tame horses

• used to carry things 

 Gerry

Horse central asia

3500 BCRiver Boats

• first boats built out of inflated and stretched animal skins and clay pots

• early wood boats included rafts, canoes, and dugouts

• Egyptians used reeds to caulk seams

• little is known about how these ships were actually put together

 

Ancient Egyptian boat  called a "dory"

by MVG

3000 BC Chariots

• The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of horse carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples.

• The critical invention that allowed the construction of light, horse-drawn chariots for use in battle was the spoked wheel.

• The earliest spoke-wheeled chariots date to ca. 2000 BC and their usage peaked around 1300 BC

 

Jayden 

181-234 AD - Wheelbarrow

Connor  

A Wheelbarrow For Freight.

• Chuko Liang of China is considered to be the inventor of the wheelbarrow.

• The wheelbarrows were used to transport supplies and injured soldiers

• Chinese wheelbarrows had two wheels 

• required two men to propel and steer

770 ADHorseshoes

• Inventor is unknown• Early asian horsemen  used

horse booties made from leather and plants

• First centuary, Romans made leather and metal shoes called "hipposandals"

• 1000 AD European horseman had begun nailing metal shoes to horses hooves

Rhett 

1492 leanardos flying machines

• 1487 made his first drawing of a air craft

• in 1490 leonardo produced drawings for the first ornithopter

• Later he stoped working on flaping wing design and started on fixed wing design.

• He also made a helicopter  and parachute designs.

• Almost all of leonardos designs were built in recent years to test

Justin  

1620 first Submarine• Designs for underwater boats or

submarines date back to the 1500s and ideas for underwater travel date back even further. However it was not until the 19th century that the first useful submarines began to appear.  

•  The first American submarine is as old as the United States itself. David Bushnell (1742-1824), a Yale graduate, designed and built a submarine torpedo boat in 1776. The one-man vessel submerged by admitting water into the hull and surfaced by pumping it out with a hand pump.

Antonio  

first submarine (turtle submarine)

1662                              Blaise Pascal's Public Bus

•  1662 Blaise Pascal invented the first public bus

• It was horse drawn• It had a regular route

schedual and fare system 

 Rhett 

1783 Paddle Wheel Steam BoatThe use of paddle wheel in navigation first appears in the mechanical treatise of the Roman engineer Vitruvius. Vitrivius described multi-gear paddle wheels working as a ship odometer.  The first mention of paddle wheels as a means of propulsion came from a 4th-5th century military treatise.

Sean 

A modern paddle wheel steam boat.

1783 Hotair Balloon

• Hot air balloons first flew in the air by two brothers named, Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1783.

• The materials they used are very different from us, but we still use their basic principles.

• These Balloons can fly because they are buoyant, this means they are lighter than the air it displaces.

 Jessica

1769 Self Propelled Road Vehicle

Rhett

• Built by French engineer Nicolas-Joseph Cugnotin 1769

•  Designed to pull heavy artillary

•  Moved at a walking pace and had to stop every 12-15 minutes to raise the steam pressure

• It could pull up to 5 tonnes

1790 Bicycle

• also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle

• introduced in the 19th century

•  twice as many as automobiles.

•  A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle

 

Gerry

walking machine

1801Richard Trevithick's Steam Locomotive

Full scale replica of Richard Trevithick's Steam locomotive, in the National Waterfront Museum

Elijah

• Worlds first railway: 21,2,1804. from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon, Wales

• An earlier model of the steam locomotive was designed by John Fitch during the 1780's-90's

• Most models of steam locomotive use a steel fire-tube boilers

•  Richard Trevithicks designed the first steam locomotive in the United Kingdom

 

1807 First Steamboat

• the era of the steamboat began in america in 1787

• John Fitch (1743-1798)made the first successful trial of a forty five foot steamboat

•  fitch later built a larger vessel that carried passengers

Gerry

John Fitch - Design Sketch ca. 1787

1839Early Hybrid Cars

• Robert Anderson was the first known person to create an electric car

• His vehicle couldn't go too far, and had a limited battery power that was hard to keep charged.

• By 1870 Sir David Solomon invented a lighter more efficient vehicle, but this car still faced difficulties in battery recharging

  

• Ferdinand Porsche developed the first efficient working vehicle by combining gasoline and the system of electric cars.

• this is an example of the full working car.

Jessica 

1862 Gasoline Engine Automobile 

Antonio

• Alphonse Beau de Rochas, a French civil engineer, patented but did not build a four-stroke engine (French patent #52,593, January 16, 1862).

• The very first self-powered road vehicles were powered by steam engines and by that definition Nicolas Joseph Cugnot of France built the first automobile in 1769

First four-stroke gas engine

•1867The First Motorcycle  In 1876 Sylvester Howard Roper attached a two-cylinder steam-engine to a bicycle and the world's first motorcycle was born In 1885 Gottlieb Daimler strapped a gas engine to a wooden bicycle and the world's first gas powered motorcycle was born. if it weren’t for the invention of this gas-powered wooden gadget 124 years ago, we might still be getting around by horse and buggy.

Zack

1871 The First Cable Car

• January 17, 1871 the first cable car was patented in sanfrancisco by a man by the name of Andrew Hallidie

 • It was a mechanism by

which cars were pulled by an endless steel cable between the rails over the steam driven shaft in the powerhouse. 

Ray 

A cable car

1889 First Escalator• An escalator is a staircase

that does all the work for you,  moving up and down on a conveyor belt to take you up or down in  a building.

 • This machine was first

made in 1889 by Leamon Souder , this was only the first of four different designs he came up with including 2 spiral designs.

Jessica 

This is an example of what the first wood escalator looked like in 1889 by Leamon Souder.

1899 Zeppelin

   

• Invented by Count Ferndinand von Zeppelin, he was born July 8 1838 in Konstanz Prussia.

 • Took nearly a decade to

develop • Made the first directed flight on

July 2nd 1900, first commericial flight in 1910 over lake Constance

 • Count Zepplin died on March

8th 1917

Ray

Zepplin in flight.

1903The First Engined Airplane

Jayden 

• This machine powered the first, heavier than air, self-propelled, maneuverable, piloted aircraft; the Wright 1903 Flyer, flown at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in December, 1903.

• At the time of the brothers first flight, most of their contemporaries did not use gasoline powered internal combustion engines for flight.

• The completed engine developed about 12 horsepower. For comparison, a modern lawn mower engine develops about 6 horsepower!

1907 First Helicopter• The very first piloted helicopter was

invented by Paul Cornu in 1907 however, this design was not successful.   

• French inventor, Etienne Oehmichen built and flew a helicopter one kilometer in 1924.   

• One of aviation's greatest designers, Russian born Igor Sikorsky began work on helicopters as early as 1910.  

• By 1940, Igor Sikorsky's successful VS-300 had become the model for all modern single-rotor helicopters. He also designed and built the first military helicopter, XR-4, which he delivered to Colonel Franklin Gregory of the U.S. Army.

 

Jonathan

            VS-300

1908Assembly Line

•   An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner using optimally planned logistics to create a product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods

• Idea came from some one who saw at a slaughter house people repeating the same thing over and over.

Justin 

Ford Assembly line, 1913.

1908Hydrofoil Boats

• Early hydroplanes had mostly straight lines and flat surfaces aside from the uniformly curved bow and sponsons.

• The curved bow was eventually replaced by what is known as a pickle fork bow, where a space is left between the front few feet of the sponsons to induce air under the hull, to enable the boat to float on air bubbles.

Jonathan

Hydrofoil boat 1910

1926First Liquid Propelled Rocket 

The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants.   Liquid propellants have been used since the first rocket, and are still being used today . On March 16th, 1926, Robert H Goddard used liquid oxygen and gasoline as propellants for his first successful liquid rocket launch. 

Sean

Robert H. Goddard and the first liquid rocket

1940Modern Helicoptors

• Modern helicopters are the most complex flying mechines.

 • The turbine engine advanced

the helicopters capabillities. • The Revolution Helicopter

Corporation created a single-seat helicopter that can be built by a person at home in forty to sixty hours

Daniel

1947First Supersonic Jet Flight

• Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both recognized as being the co-inventors of the jet engine.

• Each worked separately and knew nothing of the other's work. Hans von Ohain is considered the designer of the first operational turbojet engine.

• Hans von Ohain's jet was the first to fly in 1939. Frank Whittle's jet first flew in in 1941.

 Jonathan

1956Hovercraft

 Colin 

• The hovercraft was invented by Christopher Cockerell in 1956.

• The theory behind one of the most successful inventions of the 20th century, the Hovercraft, was originally tested in 1955 using an empty KiteKat cat food tin inside a coffee tin, an industrial air blower and a pair of kitchen scales.

•  Sir Christopher Cockerell developed the first practical hovercraft designs, these led to the first hovercraft to be produced commercially, the SRN1.          1956 Hovercraft

1964Bullet Train

     Bullet Train in China

 Elijah

• The Shinkansen or "bullet train" is a network of high speed railways in Japan

• Test runs have reached 443 km/h, and up to a world record of 581 km/h

• Government approval to build the railway came in 1959

• opened October 1st 1964• Was an instant success hitting

the 100 million passenger mark in three short years

1969 Apollo  11

• The Apollo project became  NASA priority on May 25 1961

•   Mission was to land on the moon • Was used by President Kennedy to

demonstrate the U.S.'s technological superiority to the world.

 • Took 11 years to fufill, finished July

20, 1969 costing 25.4 billion dollars in total

 

Ray

Appollo 11

1970 Jumbo Jet

Daniel 

• The jumbo jet is among the most recognizable aircrast.

 • First commercially flown in 1970.

 • Held the capacity record for 37

years. • Three decks on plane.

 • Has 4 engines.

Jumbo jets can carry around 500 people.

1981 Space Shuttle

The space shuttle was concieved in 1969.  The space shuttle is a reusable launch system and orbital spacecraft operated by NASA.  The Space Shuttle Columbia was first launched on April 12, 1981 when it orbited the Earth 37 times in 54.5 hours. 

Sean

The first launch of theSpace Shuttle Columbia

1998 International Space Station

• The ISS is an internationally developed space station, being assembled in low earth orbit

• it began construction in 1998 and its target date is 2011

• the ISS can be seen from earth by the naked eye

• By far the largest satellite to ever orbit earth

• it completes 15.7 orbits a day

 

Elijah

International Space Station (ISS)

2001 Segway Human Transporter

• Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen

• Segway PTs are driven by electric motors at up to 12.5 miles per hour (20.1)

• Gyroscopic sensors are used to detect tilting of the device which indicates a departure from perfect balance.

Zack

Paul Blart on the segway.

2003 Modern Hybrid Cars

• A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system.

• The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance.

•  A variety of types of HEV exist, and the degree to which they function as EVs varies as well.

• The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.

 Colin

  Cadillac Escalade Hybrid

2004 Maglev Train

• Eric Lithwaite invented the first one.

• uses magnetic levitation from a very large number of magnets

• It is faster and the energy overcomes the air drag

• much quieter then other trains

• derived from magnetic levitation

Connor

Shanghai will be extending its maglev train line to the Hongqiao Airport

1977-PresentDriverless Cars

• A driverless car is a vehicle equipped with an autopilot system, and capable of driving from one point to another without aid from an operator.

• The history of autonomous vehicles started in 1977

• In 2008, General Motors stated that they will begin testing driverless cars by 2015, and they could be on the road by 2018 .

• -Testing for driverless cars will be by 2015, and on the road in 2018

Justin

A robotic volkswagen Passat shown at Standford Univerity