sample pages from the american coal industry, 1790–1902

7/27/2019 Sample pages from The American Coal Industry, 17901902

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HERMAN HAUPT, HE COAL BUSINESSON HE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.

A COMMUNICAION ADDRESSED OHE PRESIDEN, DIRECORS, AND

SOCKHOLDER S OF HE PENNSYLVANIARAILROAD, ON HE COS OFRANSPORAION(1857)

Hrm Hut, Te Coal Business on the Pennsylvania Railroad. A CommunicationAddressed to the President, Directors, and Stockholders o the Pennsylvania Railroad, onthe Cost o ransportation (P, PA: . K. P. G. Cos, ).

T P R Rros xrc t trct fs o

Psy ro tt t trsortto o co or r cou b qut ro-tb. W t Psy Rro rc ts crtr to costruct cross t stt, co tr c ws ot mjor cosrto. By t s, tou,t tr btumous cofs wstr Mry, Psy Oo y wt strk stc o t Psy Rros mjor . How-r, s co ws y buky commoty, ts u s mjor sourc otr c ws bt mo rro rs. Som ru tt t rofts m crry trct co rty sort stcs to y out rscou ot b rct t btumous tr. Otrs, k t ormr cr o t Psy Rro, Hrm Hut (), btt t ustr omstc mrkts or btumous co wou cotu torow, mk t crry tr tt mr qut roftb. As t P-

sy Rro ws ru ur ts tot rt ccty t m-s,Hut so ru tt boost ts co to wou romot t o-trmfc roscts or t . I Hut m s cs rcty to tmmt stockors mt tt Te Coal Business on the

Pennsylvania Railroad, rrouc r. As r, moy cosquttt yss o t costs o t co tr trm ttcrry btumous cou y somy. Huts rumt ts ocumt


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Te American Coal Industry, 17901902: Volume 2

so rct o o s r tors o rro mmt tt ssou cr ow tos but cour oums orr to mxmz trrt ccty. Ts strty o or t Psy Rro; ts rtto oub t mout crr , rs crsby mor t r ct. As otr rros rus to coy t PsyRros succss ow tos/-oum rt, t to trto omr u mrkts ccrt.


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Herman Haupt, The Coal Business on thePennsylvania Railroad. A Communication Addressedto the President, Directors, and Stockholders of thePennsylvania Railroad, on the Cost of Transportation

(1857)

INRODUCORY.

Philadelphia, Fbrury , .o the President, Directors, and Stockholders o the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-

pany.

Having b strumt t orzto o rous co umbr

coms ow orto, or bout to commc orto o or r tPsy Rro; xrt mys or yrs to cour t st-mt o ct suc coms or t uros o stbs busss

wc I cosr sst to t succss stsctory orto o yourro, I o tt o ooy w b rqur or ts commucto. A roo src mbrc ry t yrs t rous o cs o Assstt E-r, Surtt, C Er Drctor, s ow trmt, my cocto wt t ro s cs. I so wtrw tr try or

rty rom sr o t coms wc I ssst orz. Personalinterests ot sust ts commucto; but I st rt sr to st Psy Rro bcom strumt o mor xt utty to t

ubc, ms o urtr o t rsourcs o t Stt, sourc o

m rmurto to ts stockors. I so ur mrt obtoss r s ossb to rotct tos wo st ct o my rcomm-to rom t cosqucs o t rroous ws wc r rt rrc to t cost o trsortto uo t Psy Rro.

Ts commucto s b rss to t Stockors s w s to tPrst Drctors, bcus t / oo s rt most tm tto roft c b r rom t trsortto o co o t Psy


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Rro; ct, t s b rty ssrt tt co s crr t oss to tComy, to c t trsts o us; so o s ts cr-to b m, so wy s t b ssmt by wsr ubctos otrws, tt tr s rso to b tt t s b, st s, crtby my wos oo oos r o u, wo, by trt suc ws,o muc justc to Bor o Drctors wo uormy o qut to toost xtrm, curt t busss rofts o t Comyby rtcousy r to r crs or trsortto t t mrkt

u o t rtc w br.I t oow s I o ot xct y cosrto cosquc o

st srcs or xrc. I sr tt o ssrto s b crt uss t bsust by roo, tt o rsuts b mtt uss t rocss o rso oro ccuto by wc ty r obt s so sm tb tt youc b stsf bot wt t rmss cocusos. I w or to mk

rcty obous subjct wc must b mtt to b o muctrst mortc. I o to ro tt co c b crr o t Psy-

Rro t rts tt w b t t sm tm stsctory to ortors, y rmurt to t trsortrs, tt t trsts o bot ts csssr tf, tt t Psy Rro Comy c mos tots rcts urs o touss to t s o stockors, wt t sm tm crs t rus o t Stt, corr morttbfts uo t ubc ry.

I t b tt t bor wc s b x uo t rrtoo t oow s s ot b try ost, tt ty w b ou tory t tm occu tr rus, ty r rwt rsctuy submt-t or your cosrto.

H. HAUP. /

Is the bituminous coal business o su cient importance to the Pennsylvania Rail-road Company to justiy any eforts to retain or increase it? What is the capacity othe Pennsylvania Railroad with the present equipment o cars and engines? Whatwould be its capacity with an increased equipment? At what cost can a coal businessbe accommodated, and what will it pay?

Ts r qustos uo wc rt rsty o oo xsts,

rrc to wc t os ot r tt ror orts b m totrm t cts or to rst tm suc sm tb orms to b tos wo r ot mr wt trct ccutos to oow t

rocss o rso ry t rsuts.It s o tt t oow s w b r rom ts objcto. T cts

furs c ry b rf by comrso wt t sttstc tbsccomy t Rort o t Psy Rro Comy or ,


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Haupt, Te Coal Business on the Pennsylvania Railroad

wc t wrtr s t r o xm by rmsso o t Prs-t otr o crs o t Comy.

T trsortto busss o t Psy Rro s orz urour rtmts, t xturs wc cu t wo xss otrsortto; ts rtmts r st, Couct rsortto,Mot Powr, Mtc o Wy, Mtc o Crs.

T qurs wc tury rst tmss or cosrto r, C crs to co b ccommot wt t rst qumt ocrs s, to wt xtt?

How muc wou ts crs to crs t xss c ot rtmts, o t suosto tt o to qumt s rqur? /

How muc wou t cost o trsortto b crs to crs s sou b urcs or t busss?

It must b rcty obous tt co busss s r to b stbso t Psy Rro, t c oy b o by trsort t suc rtss w mt t comtto o otr octs, t s or t PsyRro Comy to cosr wt ts rts r, wtr ty w or tComy roft o trsortto, ty w ot or rct roft,

wtr tr r y rct or ct ts su ct to justy tComy crry co t rts tt r ot cry rmurt. T wosubjct s b to b cu ts sm trrotors.

. W roc to qur wt s t ccty o t rst qumt o t

Psy Rro or trsort to.T umbr o tos ctuy crr ur y o mot, w tumbr tt cou b crr wt t sm qumt, ur smr cr-cumstcs, ur ry otr mot.

T rtst umbr o tos mo y mot ws Ar, moutto , tos. T umbr o tos tt cou b mo or t sm s-tc t sm rcto ur t yr, ws tw tms , quto ,. T umbr o tos ctuy crr ws ,, so tt, xct orsow cct obstructos, , tos mor cou b crr

wtout crs o qumt. T rcors so sow tt t rtst to- ws crr ur t mot wc t st trou busss wsccommot. T trou to st Ar ws , tos, t r

or t yr ,. As muc rr to c b crr wt t sm qu-mt or sort t or o stc, t s obous tt t to soub crs to t ccty o t qumt by rts crr sortr s-tc, t t wo t o t ro, s rom t Ay Mouts, / tto ccty wt umbr o crs s wou b crs.I, t, , tos mor cou b crr stc qu to t Ar


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r, wc ws ms, t wou b ror to cocu tt or ,tos cou b crr t sm crs t stc wr ruc to ms.

It must b obsr, owr, tt t mxmum to cossts o rtcrr bot wys, wrs crs co wou b crr oy o rc-to. It bcoms rom ts crcumstc muc mor cut mttr to rrt t to ccty or co o t rst qumt o crs s.

I ts ccuto t wstwr to must b srr, sc t smuc ss mout t t stwr to, c wys b ccommo-t rtur crs.

It s so mortt to cosr ot mry t ctu to mo, butso t stc crr; otr wors, t m o to.

By sct t oow tb, t w b s tt t rtst umbr otos ws mo stwr t mot o Dcmbr (, tos), t rstc crr ms. But t rtst m ws m Ar, ,,tos crr o m, t r stc crr o t Psy Rrob ms. /

os Est. M Est. Ar st.J. , ,, Fb. , ,, Mr. , ,, Ar, , ,, My, , ,,

Ju, , ,,

Juy, , ,, Au. , ,, St. , ,, Oct. , ,, No. , ,, Dc. , ,,

) , ) ,, , r ,,

It s ot to b suos tt t Psy Rro s rr t bsoutrcto ts mmt; by rtr stc o, uo, rtur crs by o t ys o u trou t strts o P-

, by ct suc rrmts wt t Stt tt t o c b

crs to t tos, s ow o otr ros, mty crs rtur t your, t s crt tt muc rr umbr o tos cou b trsort; buttk t Ar m s t msur o t bsout ccty o t cr qu-mt, t w u m o ,, ms. T ctu m ws,,. T rc ,,. I ts m sou b moy t trsortto o co rom t Ay Mout to Hrrsbur, ms, t wou ow o crs o , tos, to P,


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ms, o , tos; s t busss wou b rty trou rty oc, ts robb tt t st , tos to cou b crr wt t rstqumt o crs r ow or wtr obstructos, o uo, otr cotcs. /

Ts crs s muc ss t t wrtr xct, t rsuts ct uormty o cr-momt tt s commb to t mmt, must b rty to t rctors o t Comy; but w t cus o tsrurty s qur to, t rs tt t must b crt try to co. Tco to ws , tos, or r ct. o t wo to ot ro. Wtout ts tr, wc my cosr o o u, most scour- jurous o wou b xrc t to rcts o t ro or . T co busss, trou t mtus t byt r o t to-tx, cm most oortuy to s t crt ot Comy cotu ts r t rs; xcus o t mouts or tos o otr ros, t rcts rom ts busss wr ry rofts, s

w b sow rr. , tos c sy b to t to o styr; t qusto, w t y, w b cosr ts c. It s robb ttwtout t r o t m-tx, ot mor t , tos cou bcrr st yr, tt muc.

H scrt t cr ccty, t s cssry to cosr wtr tmot-owr rtmt cou crry t crs to. o rob ts sub-

jct torouy, t wou b cssry to t moty m o s o

c so o t ro otr t ot urs t tbur sttmts.I t bsc o suc t, t oow cosrtos r rst: A, orry t stwr rt sss or t str so o t Psy- Rro. I Dcmbr, t stwr momt ws , tos, qutto , tos r um; t ctu momt or t yr ws ,. Trc wc sows t crs o t suosto tt t mot-owr Dcmbr ws work to t mt o ts ccty wou b , tos, wcs most rcsy t sm s t crs o to tt t cr qumtcou ccommot. It must b obsr, owr, tt tr s rt r-c btw t mot-owr / rqur to ccommot stwrto o t str o t wstr so o t ro; rc ory tr to o or o t ormr, s w b sow rr cosr-

t cost o trsortto, wt to qumt.Our xt qury w b rct to cost o transportation.I orr to urst t subjct ur cosrto, t s cssry to

k t m qusto romty w, wc s ts. Ow to t com-tto o otr octs, t co busss o t Psy Rro cotb cotu or crs t cr or trsortto xcs crt mts.Is ts mt su cty to y t Comy r roft?


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9/24


tos crr o m, t wo xs o ts tms o t wo busss ot yr ws 43100 o m r to r m. Ts rsut sows tt crsto crr wtout crs qumt, s b ccommot t

r ct. o t r xs o t rb tms. /

MAINENANCE OF WAY.

Wr t mtc o wy xss rtst w t st to wscrr o t ro, ow muc ty xc t r?

A r orto o t mtc o wy xss r t o tto crr, suc s ts, tr, rrs o -crs, too workms

ouss, brs, rmo o sow, txs o r stt, wtcm, rrs o toos.Ts tms r t sm, or ry t sm, wtr t to my b. Toy tms o xs ts rtmt wc c b suos to b ct by crs t tos crr, r bor mtr or rrs o trck ro rs.

T mot o Ar, wc t st busss ws o, s so t motw, rom t cts o t wtr rost, t mt b xct tt, wtout ycrs t busss o t ro, t rr-xss wou b t t st

ot. Dur t mot o Jury, but tt work c b o o t trck, t xss wr $,; Ar, ty wr $,. T r or t

wo yr ws $,. L out t wtr mots o Dcmbr, Jury,Fbrury, so Mrc, ur wc but tt work s o o trck-rrs,t r or t bc o t yr ws $,, wc xcs t xss

Ar; t xturs My, Ju, Auust, Stmbr Octobr,wr c rtr t Ar, tou t to m wr ss. Ittus rs tt t moty xturs or bor mtrs or trck rot ct rctby by mort crs o to.

T oy tm srousy ct by crs o to s t wr o r.I xm t moty sttmt, t rs, s mt b xct,tt t moty xturs or rs br o roorto to t to. Ty

ry rom $ to $, o mot. T Psy Rro s s yt toow to urs y rb t o ts subjct. T oy ro wc xbts,or ro o yrs, / t ct o to o rs s t R Rro,

wr ts mortt subjct s rc t ttto t srs. T rcost o rw rs or t st yrs, rom to , cus, sb 82100 cts r to, or t wo ro, cu t wr rom rturcrs s. T stc b ms, t cost r to r m ws 3100o m. T rtst xtur or rws y o yr, w rmout o w trck ws , ws 810 o m r to r m. O-tr o m r to r m, rom t xrc o t R Rro, wou


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r to b r r owc or wr o rs, ts my b ruc,by mro t quty o t ro t mo o scur t jots.

At ts rt, t wr o rs o t Psy Rro, rom t totto o ,, tos crr o m, wou b $,. T ctuxtur or ts tm, , ws oy $,. T wo xsso mtc o wy wr $,. T oy tm ssby ct by crs to b wr o rs, t rct o t rb xss ts rtmt wou b ss t r ct. I otr wors, oy r ct. ot mtc o wy xss, o t Psy ro, wou r to bcrs by crs t to, t otr tms b ry ry costt.

T xt qury s, o t xss o rrs o rt crs crs ro-orto to t to, wt r ts xss r to r m?

MAINENANCE OF CARS.

As t rrs o crs r ot m or t xss o rrs cr ut rt ccts, or wr wc rr t xs cssry, t s mossb totrc t cocto btw t to crr t wr wc t occ-sos. For xm, t xtur or cr rrs o t Psy Rro

ws rtst t mot wc t smst to ws crr, wsbow / t r t mot wc t rtst to ws crr.

It s t oo o my o t most xrc rro mrs, ttcrs trort ry s muc w st xos to t wtr s w

us. T woowork w crty rot s st, t ro w rust mor rywr t rubb rts r ot ubrct.

It s so obous tt crs r ot uy o, t to o wtsu ct to mk u t fccy w ot rcby to t xs ocr rrs. For ts rsos, t s ror to cocu tt crs tocrr umbr o crs, cot crs roortoby t xsso cr rrs, but to o t ossbty o mk too ow stmt o tsxss, ts cosrtos w b out o w, t crs to- w b cr wt t r o t wo busss.

T wo xtur or rrs o rt crs o t PsyRro or , s b $,. T umbr o tos crr o m,,,, t xss r to r m wou b 10 m.

O t R Rro, t cost o rrs o rt crs r to r ms b 5 m, or co crs 96100 o m r to o bs. r m.

It my ry sy b ssum, tror, tt or to busss o tPsy Rro, wt crs o qumt, 10 m r to rm wou b m owc or t rtmt o mtc o crs.


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MOIVE POWER.

I wt roorto wou t mot owr xs b crs, by crs t to crr?

T tms wc costtut t mot owr xss, r ot sort, u or ts, cts, o tow, rrs to bus, sttory rt, surtc, borrs, wtc swtcm, u, cotto/ wst, rs frm, xss o wtr sttos, u or sttorys, rrs o ocomots, rrs o toos mcry.

Atou, t frst w, t mt b suos tt t mot owr xsswou crs ry t sm roorto s t to, yt t s obous,

rom scto o t st, tt my o ts tms wou ot b ct by crs to co. Fu, o tow, cotto wst, rs frm, rrs o ocomots, r t oy tms tt wou b ssbyct by y crs o to, tt ot rqur w bus wso mcry to ccommot t, t t crs r to r m

wou b ry tr.From xmto o t rcors, t oow cts r ct. T

wo xturs t mot owr rtmt ur t mot o Ar,w t st to ws crr, wr ss t t r o t yr, ss t t mot wc t st to ws crr.

T wo mot owr xss ur t yr, t rt rtmt,mout to $,. T m o t Psy Lcstr

Hrrsbur Rro, ,, tos crr o m. T tot xturr to r m 710 ms.

k t tms wc r ct by crs to, t rs ttt xtur or co Ar ws $,, t r o t yr $,. Tumbr o tos crr ur ts mot xc t r , tos, tr stc crr ws ms, t cost o co or t xcss or tr ws tror 2100 o m r to r m.

T xtur or co o t wo busss o t yr ws $,. Tm o rt u by ocomots o Psy Rro Comy,,,. T cost r to r m 3100 o m.

It rs rom ts rsuts tt crs to, wtout crs oqumt, s to t cosumto / o u r to r m crr, sst t r cosumto o t wo busss.

T y o rs frm, t mot o rtst to, ws$,; t mot o st to t ws $,; t r ws or t

wo yr $,. It os ot r, tror, rom t sttstcs o st yrsbusss, tt t moty uctutos to ct y rt xturs or ws o rs frm.


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T tot sbursmt or rs frm, or t yr t rtrtmt, ws $,. T m b ,, tos o m, txs r to r m s b 810 o m.

T xt tm s rrs o ocomot s, r, s mt b xct,tr s tr bsc o t by wc to trm ow muc t x-turs ts rtmt wou b crs, by mort crs o tocrr wt t mts o t owr, wtout crs t umbro t s. Tt t wr o wt u o, wou b somtmor t wt t o s obous, but o o c suos tt t xso rrs c crs t sm roorto s t to. T motyrcor trows o t o ts subjct. Dur t mot o st to,t rrs o rt s cost $,, or ss t t r o t yr,

wc ws $, muc ss t t mot o tst to, wcws $,. T wo cost o rrs o rt s or t wo yr, ws$,. T umbr o tos crr o m o t Psy Rro Hrrsbur Rro ,,, t cost r to r m 910 ms, wc,or t rsos , s obousy muc mor t wou b curr ttrsortto o crs to wt t ccty o t qumt.

Ts rsuts r bs uo r o t wo busss o t Psy- Rro o bot t Estr Wstr Dsos, t motowr rtmt r rty xcss w to oc busss trs-ort / or o sc rs. T mot owr xss o c

so, w stmt r to r m, r ry rty. O t strso t xss o s or ms ru, b or : Rrs, $ ; u, $ ; stors, $ . ot, $ . O wstr so: Rrs, $ ; u, $ ; stors, $ . ot, $ .As t objct o ts xmto s to trm t cost o crry co

stwr, t ccty o o c so must b cosr. O twstr so frst css cou crry r o bss crs o ross tos, t ru rt b 810 t to t m. O t strso, wr t rs r ry or sc, t sm ccrry tos. I t t cost r ms ru o t str so b $, t umbr o tos u , t cost r to r m w b 10 o m, oub ts rsut, wc s muc mor t ror owc, or

t crs rtur mty, w s t wo cost o u, rrs, stors ostr so, o m r to r m.

o ts must b ws o rs frm, wc r tus tr-m.

T wo umbr o ms ru wt rt trs s b ,,. Two xss o rs frm $,. T r xss r mru or t wo ro cts, wc by , t o o t str


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so, w r to r m 7100 o m ; oub ts rsut or t rturs wt mty crs w mk 34100 o m r to r m.

O t wstr so t xs o u, stors, rrs, b $ r ms, t umbr o tos u to c tr , w rto r m 710 ms, wc b oub to cu rtur trs, mks 310ms r to r m.

T tm o rs frm bot wys b cts. r m, to o tr o wstr so tos, t cost o ts tm w b 910 o m r to r m. /

GENERAL SUMMARY OF RESULS.. Wt t rst qumt o crs s, t to o t P-sy Rro btw t summts o t Ay Mouts P, mt b crs rom fy to sxty tous tos.

. Wt ts mt o , tos crs busss cou b crr t toow cost:

Conducting ransportation.

Brkm couctors r to r m . ms.O tow or crs " " . "

ot .

Maintenance o Way.

Wr rws o rs r to r m, . ms.

Maintenance o Cars.

Rrs o crs, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ms.

Motive Power.

Fu r to r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ms.Ers frm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

Rrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Stors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ".

T bo tms t mot owr rtmt, t w b obsr, rt to y oy to crs to u wt t rst qu-mt o s. Ty r st ow t r furs t t moty rtos


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o xss wou ct, s som o tr xss b st wr tto ws rtst.

T rt o t xss s oy 4100 ms r to r m.T cocuso to wc w r s, tt , tos o / co, to

to t rst busss, cou b crr or t Psy Rro romt summt o t Ay Mouts to Hrrsbur, t ctu cost to tComy o ss t ms r to r m o tt rt o t ro ow ort by t Psy Rro Comy.

Ts cocuso w b rr s bsurty by tos wo r tr-m to stmt t cost o trsortto o otr wy t by tk txss o t wo busss o ro o sm to; but momtsrcto must stsy y rso o orry tc tt tr r rymy tms o rmt xs rro tt r ot t ct by crs o busss, t sou rqur ry tt rumt to ro tt trs r ru wt t crs o t xs w b ry ry t sm s t crs wr f. o t xtt o t ccty o t qumt o crs s, tr s ot rmrkb ts rsut.

Byo t mt o , tos t crcumstcs r rt; or tccommoto o ts crs busss to crs s mustb ro. It s obous tt tr r st my tms o xs wc tsto busss w ot ct, tt t sou cost muc ss t torry busss o t ro wc s crb wt t costt s w s t

rb xss. o trm t cost o ts busss, t oow tms rrst:

Conducting ransportation Department.

Art o t rb xss r to r m . . . . . . . . . . ms.Mtc o wy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mtc o crs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

Motive Power on Eastern Division.

Fu, rrs stors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ms.Ers frm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

. /

Motive Power on Western Division.

Fu, rrs stors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ers frm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.


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ot cost o crry co o t str so wt to qumto crs s, xcus o trst o ct, r to r m ..

O t wstr so, t tot cost r to r m wou b . ms.Ts furs r b to b rb, but t must ot b orott tt

ty br o cssry rto to t r xss o t rur busss.I t stmt tt s b m, ts costt xss wc r otcrs by crs o to b out o w try, tss obousy ror, or t rso tt t qusto to b trm, s smyt wt crs cost c roos crs busss b ccommot, orr to trm wtr t busss w y rmurt rts wt tmts tt c b or by t srs or ortors.

Ts rsuts rst ot mossb or ursob. T cost o crry- co o t R Rro, wr t s cr wt ts roorto o tcostt s w s t rb xss, s oy ms r to r m, tross to t tt. T cost o t Estr Dso o t Psy Rro,

wt qu mout o to, sou ot b m rtr.It s mror to comr rts cr o rt ros wtout tk

to cosrto t rc o crcumstcs. T rst crs o tBtmor Oo Rro, som otr ros, r o ct s rso

wy t rts o t Psy Rro sou ot b ruc. It s s wr ow crry t owr rts r m t otr ros. o tos wo ookmry t t surc o ts, ts k o rso my r usb; / but

t must b rmmbr tt t Btmor Oo Rro s ro o rs sr curs, wt oy ms o sco trck st o Cumbr, co to, cosrby xc mo o tos, ro wcs cosquty rc ts ccty or trsortto, t sr o tComy to ccommot ts r crs trou busss, t crso co b cssry crs. For my yrs t Btmor OoComy crr co t ss t o ct r to o , bs. r m, t ws cr to b rmurt o tt ro by tos wo wr mosttmty coct wt ts mmt. From t rsuts o cru t stto o t cts o rs, by J. Dutto St, Esq., CEr, ubs t Rort o t R Rro Comy or st

yr, t s ry cr tt t Btmor Oo Rro s ry rc

t mt o ts ccty o t s trck ortos, t Comy os otsr, cou ot ccommot crs co busss, ty srt, ut t oub trck s btw Cumbr Btmor.

T Psy Rro s rt osto. T ccty o t robtw t Ay Mout Coumb, wt ts o turouts

ortos o oub trck, ts sc rs, t us o t tr, myb cosr rom t sm utorty s ry qu to mo o tos. Its


16/24


ccty s su ct to trsort s muc s t Coumb Rro c, wt tsotr busss, rmo. T tos o t Stt ro r srous rwbck,but s w outt w soo b or by t Lbo Vy Rro, t s

robb tt rrmts c b m to s cy xtousy toP t co tt rcs Hrrsbur; o oubt t R RroComy wou crry t t r rt r m cr or t wo stc.

O t P Coumb Rro, t Psy RroComy ro crs y couct trsortto xss, t Stt

ros ro mot / owr. T crs t mot owr xsso ts ro rom crs to sou ot b s rt s o t WstrDso o t Psy Rro, wr t Ay Mout s to borcom wt t rs, sou, tror, b ss t 210 ms rto r m, wc cus rtur crs mty. T wr o rs b 33100 o m, t wo cost o crs busss o t Coumb Rro soub but 3100 ms r to r m, or bout cts or t wo ro; mtc o wy xss b st ow t o m, t cost to t Stt

wou b but cts, cu rtur crs mty. W cr wt tcostt xss, to, t cost o t orry busss s rort tbout 10 cts.

It my b trst, cocto wt t trsortto or t Sttro, to qur to t rt roorto o t mtc o wy mot owr, t mtc o crs, couct trsortto

xss o t Psy Rro or .T wo mot owr xss o t rt rtmt wr $,.T m o rt or Psy Rro Hrrsbur Rro,,, tos o m; t wo cost r to r m, 710 ms.

T wo mtc o wy xss o Psy Rro, wr$,; t m ,, tos, o m, t cost r to r m, 310ms. T sum o ts two tms s ms.

T couct trsortto xss o t rt rtmt, xcuso tos o otr ros, wr $,.. T m, ,,. T cost

r to r m, 810 ms.T mtc o cr xss wr $,; t m, ,,

tos o m, t cost r to r m ss t 210 ms.

T sum o t st two tms s ms.T r o t wo rt busss o t Psy / Rro,

obt by ts tms, s 310 cts r to r m.T cr trsortto xss xc t sum o t ro,

mot owr, by r ct., b t roorto o to .


17/24


Ts roorto, owr, os ot ct t qutb so o rctsor t Coumb Rro, s t mout o ct t rt rt-mts o t src orms sst mt t ccuto.

As ts subjct s o o rt trst to t Psy Rro Com-y, t wrtr w or to scrt t roortos wc t rtrcts sou b or t Coumb Rro t orry busss.T rort o t C Commssors or ot b yt rc, tccutos w b bs o t rort o :

T rcts o t Coumb Rro rom rt wr r ct. o two rcts.

T m o rt, , tos ms = ,, tos o m.

T wo cost o mot owr ws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,T cost, r tr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $T r umbr o rt crs u r tr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proorto o mot owr or rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,

Wo cost o mot owr r to r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 ms.

It must b obsr tt t r umbr o crs u ws oy , wrs frst css cou u ry oub tt umbr wt scrcy ycrs xs, w strbut r to r m or t wo ro. /

T mtc o wy xss wr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,Proorto u to rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Pr to r m or rt ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

k t cost o t ro, wtout qumt, t ,,, t trstwou b $,, t roorto cb to rt. . . . . . . . . . . $, rt s, wt ot room toos, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,Itrst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

$,Itrst o ct r to r m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 ms.

It must b obsr r so tt t to o t Coumb Rro ws oy, tos, wrs t ccty o oub trck ro wt ru rt o . xcs o mo o tos to to ssr busss. A toto wou rty ruc ts owc r to r m or ct.

A totr t tms or t Stt ro, t rt s

Mot owr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ms.

Mtc o wy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "ot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

I t to sou b oub, ts furs wou b ruc to bout ms.


18/24


It s b ry sow tt t couct trsortto xss o tPsy Rro Comy mout to 810 ms r to r m, ormtc o crs 210 ms, tot, ms.

o ts must b , s t cs o t Stt ro, t trst o tct st ts rtmts, roxmt stmt o wc s soows: /

Real Estate required by ransportation Business.

O t ro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,Pttsbur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,ot, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,,

Cr rr sos mcry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Stto wrouss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Frt crs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,o wc must b subscrtos to urouct ros, s to

br busss o t wo , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,$,,

Au trst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Crb to rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Amout r to r m, ,, ms, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 ms.

A ts tms, wc rrst xss o Psy Rro Com-

y or Stt ro,

Couct trsortto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ms.Mtc o crs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ct ccout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

. "A or ro mot owr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

I t ross rcts sou b btw t Psy Rro Com-y t Stt t roorto o ts furs, t Stt sou rc r ct., t Psy Rro Comy r ct.

I t trs crr t u commt o crs or wc crsto co wou or t cts, t mot owr roxss r to wou / b ruc, t roorto o t Psy-

Rro Comy crs. It s robb tt t owc o rct. wc t Psy Rro Comy cm s tr u ot Stt ro, s s r t qutb roorto s t c b scrt.


19/24


Ts rmrks t cocusos bo stt y to t orry rtto or t Coumb Rro, ot to crs suc rtcs co.

It s uortut tt w Psy s so rty bt or r m-t rosrty to t co ro trsts, orts sou b m by rtscoct wt t mmt o t Stt works to scour t crso t btumous co tr by rrsttos wc y tt ctz ot Stt wt mmory rct c s to b try rroous. Is t ot, orxm, sm bsurty to ssrt tt to b m to t bussso t Coumb Rro o , tos o co, t crs w cost s mucs t ormr r o t wo busss o t ro? Yt suc ssrtos rcotuy m, uo suc ccutos o t xss t C Com-mssors rty bs tr russ to mk ructos wc t

rotcto crs o t tr o t Stt mrty m.T ror mr o mk ccuto o t cost o crry co o

t Coumb Rro to to t rst busss, t rqur tr urs t rc s, bs uo t xss o t Psy- Rro, but t my b stsctory to mk t ccuto wt t furs t rorts o t Coumb Rro s r s ty r cb.

I t mtc o wy rtmt t s b scrt rom trorts o t R Rro Comy tt 33100 o m r to r m s ror owc or wr o r.

T otr tms o trck xss r ot rctby crs by crs to, but c tm qu to wr o rs, wc w mk two ro xss 66100 m r to r m. /

A ocomot o t frst css costs o t Coumb Rro, $ rtr, oub ts sum or rtur wt mty crs, wc s muc mor t

ror owc; ow so u trs o crs, tos st mtywst. Aso trs r um to c c wy, o-tr o ttm so. Ts wou u owc or t mot owr xss.T rsuts r , tos to c , t cost o cts r to.

A trst o cost o , cts r to, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cts.A or ro wr o rs, ms, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "ot cost to t Stt o crry co, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

Ts s o t suosto tt w s r ro or t crs bus-ss; but s t s u oy crs s r tr, t s robb tt, tos mor cou b u wtout crs t umbr o s, t cost o ss t trty cts r to, st o , s s b rrst.Ts ccutos r too sy m to xcus y o rmtt ms to bms by t sttmts o xss so rquty o c rorts.


20/24


T ror so o rcts btw t Psy Rro Comy t Stt, or co trsort or t Coumb Rro, os ot rto rst uo rcsy t sm rcs wc or t so o t or-ry rt rcts. I ts ccuto, t fx ct sou ot tr s mt, t wou r ror tt t rcts o ts crs bussssou b roorto to t rb xss o c rty, cu- t rb ct wc t rqurs. I ts bss b mtt, t oowfurs w ct t roortos:

For State Road.

Mot owr . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 ms.Mtc o wy . . . . . . . . . 210 "

810 " /

For Pennsylvania Railroad.

Couct trsortto . . . . . 810 ms.Mtc o crs . . . . . . . . . 210 "

"

D roorto o 10 , w t Stt r ct. tPsy Rro Comy r ct.

It wou r, tror, tt so, t roorto o r ct.

to t Stt, r ct. to t Psy Rro Comy, wou t Coumb Rro ry u roorto o t rt busss.

T co ortors o Psy sk oy to b ow to ost tr cot t wtr s cy s co rom otr octs s ost by otr mro-mts. Ts s sm rsob rqust. Wtout ts o ss c b m,o co c b m, t ct st w b ost. T owst rts rsk by ortors w r rofts or t Psy Rro Comy, or t Stt, qutb so b m btw ts rts.

T cost o crry co rom t Ay Mouts to P cb ry trm rom t t ry urs. I mk t ccu-tos, t w b ssum tt to crs s r rqur or t

wo busss.

From t summt o t Ay Mouts to Hrrsbur, ms, t210 ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hrrsbur to Coumb, ms, mot owr, .; crs, .;couct trsortto, .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Couct trsortto crs o Stt ro, 3100 ms, ms . . . .ot, xcus o tos o otr ros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T tos o t Stt Ro r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hrrsbur Lcstr Rro, sy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. /


21/24


Ts mout o $., cus t wo ctu cost r to, o trsortco rom t Ay Mouts to P, xct t trst ow crs s.

A t w co cr, cost $, mk r tr oc wk, wt tos, wou cts r to, s t trst o ct wcrs. A , cost $,, crry tos, ys to Coumb bck, o-tr o t tm, w crry , tos r um, w cts. r to s t owc or trst o ct. A cts. to . ,s . s t wo cost o crry co rom t summt o t AyMouts to P, wt w crs s, cu tos ootr ros, trst o w ct, sum wc, w t ros btwHrrsbur P cost to qutb so o rcts, c bmuc ruc.

I t ro ws xt to t Dwr rot, cts ro ormmty uo rtur crs, t busss tt cou b ccom-mot wt qumt wou b muc crs. I t CoumbRro wr work cocto wt t Psy Rro s oro, o tto ow t Coumb, t wou rqur but ours, t ms r our, btw Atoo P; ts cs, t routr cou ry b m ys st o sx, wc wou r ct.to t cr ccty; , to to ts, t crs sou b ow to crry tos st o , s o otr ros, tr wou b urtr crs o r

ct. to t ccty o umbr.T umbr o crs rqur to crry , tos o yr ru ys, o tos, t rou tr occuy o wk, wou b crs,cost t $ r w cr, $,. I t rou tr c b m ys, t o tos, ru ys, crs w ccommot tbusss, t cost o crs b ruc to $,. At ts rt t ctst / w crs wou b r to t Psy Rro Comyby t rofts o t frst yr.

O mor tur o ts busss rqurs momts cosrto. Axmto o t tbs ubs by t R Rro Comy sows sty comrty uorm crs t ssrs tos o mr-cs corrso wt t crs o co, t ssrs b bout ,

t tos o mrcs r ct. o t tos o co. I ts w b to t Psy Rro, t wou or c , tos o co, ,

ssrs, , tos mrcs crr qu stc; stmtssrs t cts. r m, mrcs t r o cts r bs., wou crs o rcts o $, or c , tos, yry t cost o co trsortto, most su ct to y or tco crs s yr. T xs o ccommot ts crs busss


22/24


xct or tos o t otr ros wou b most ot. Ts rsuts wouct tt xtur or co crs wou rtur ry r ct. rum rct rct rofts o t ct tus st.

Frt crr wstwr t rtur crs costs t Comy so ryot tt t s cut to stmt t. T oy sourc o xs wou b t y o o uo; ow o y or o oor uo, cout so ru ys to t yr, cost o cr $.T u o t tm ost wou b cts r to or t wo stc cr-r. Ts s to umbr crr wstwr btw yro Pttsbur, trcts rom wc r ry roft.

Estwr t cost o umbr wou b bout t sm s co, but t bttrquts o ok cou or to y r rt, t crs omock sou b ruc t busss s sr.

T cts o t cs ow b rst smy trutuy s tyr b to xst. Tr s b o sr to urrt xss or xr-t rofts. It s / robb tt rom t cur osto wc t wrtr soccu rrc to t Psy Rro Comy, to ortors, s tout mor fur mor t y otr rso coct wtt ro uo t cost o trsortto t wys ms o crs- t busss rofts o t Comy. W frst rcomm tootrs stmts o ct co ortos, o xctto o b

rsoy tf wt tm. Suc cocto ws t rsut o subsqut

trmto, bs uo t b tt s ow trsts t trst ot ro cou b bttr c by ct t o c o surtt, rct ms to t orzto o suc coms. T to o tEstr Dso o t Psy Rro stwr s b oy bouto-ourt o mo o tos. Sx or s ur tous tos mor coub crr, yt b wt t mts o t ccty o t ro, tocrs s b ro or t. T co busss cou b crs twoor tr yrs to , tos, y ot ss t $, rct roft,

rs $, mor t crs o ssrs otr rt cos-qut uo t. It s or t Psy Rro Comy to cosr, wtt cts bor tm, wtr ts busss s worty o courmt. occommot t, xtso to t Dwr ot s obousy ssb.

Wtr t xtso b m to Lu Is, Grwc or Rcmo so comrty tt cosquc, so tt m room s or or bus-ss o suc mtu wt stm commucto. It s so obous tt s tccty o t rst qumts o crs s s b ry rc,tr c b but tt crs wtout to suy, wc, to uc o t busss o , cot b rocur too soo.

It s b s, mtt tt t cost o crs co busss ot Psy Rro s ot mor t s b rrst, t Psy-


23/24


Rro Comy / sk to obt rom c brc o busss s rts s t w br. Iuc by suc rcs, t o crs o t Comymk tr ow stmts o t cost o m, fx tr ow mrkt u uot co, ss wt ty cosr su ct roft to k t busss , cr tt rms or rt. T cotcs o busss r otcu t stmt; w t s mossb to f y rsosb x-rc rty w to s co, urt ss or ss t cts. r to,t Psy Rro Comy o ot ccut ts src s wort y-t, but somtms ortors to urst tt cts sou bsu ct to cor cost o co ms, rofts o orto, urts o ss,osss trsortto rsmts, cts t cotcs obusss; ts ccutos t cost o m s stmt too ow, t mrkt u too , t rsut s tt ortors s bor tmot but crtty o oss ty mk cotrcts wtout fx sts-ctory rt o cr or trsortto, r trr rom o yt, tsso or cotrcts sss umro, otr Stts or corssuy t mrkt.

A ru or fx rts s b sust to t Psy Rro Com-y, s tt wc s t t sm tm most sm qutb. At wtrcost or trsortto co c b r rom t Cumbr ms P, Nw York, Bosto, or otr ots, t suc rts b stbso t Psy Rro, s w rmt Psy co to b r

t sm cs t t sm cost. Ts wou b s ru, or t Psy- Rro Comy c trsort cr t y o ts comttors, ror rrstto o t cts w o oubt to qutb crs ot Stt ro. As to t Hrrsbur Ro tr c b o cuty; t cost oco trsortto to ts comy b ss t cts r to, t s ot to bsuos tt ty wou rsst y ructo cssry to scur t busss. /

It s rsctuy sust, so, tt t rc o xct rom rybusss tt sss or t Psy Rro t st rts tt t wbr, s ot tt wc uc t ours ortors o ts rtmromt. T crs o tr, t xtso o P, t o-mt o t rcutur mr rsourcs o t Stt, t o o ms cors, t stbsmt o ctors, t crs t outo

t u o rorty o t ro, wr romt objcts w tro ws strt, wr ss s rsos or ts costructo mor ow-ru t t xctto o r s; but so r s co s cocr, ts bfc rsuts ow rom t sm sourc, r busss rs o totr. T rofts o co r so sm tt st ructo

just su ct to roft to t ortor my quru t smts, crs to t t rofts o t trsortr.


24/24

Notes to pages 12353 365

17. State Papers: Tis reerence is unclear. Te American State Papers, which are the col-lection o ederal documents that might provide this inormation, only runs to 1838.Ansted probably meant to reerence an executive or legislative document rom 1850 or1851, but the citation is vague.

18. prejudice against its use on account of its anthracitic nature: see Volume 1, pp. 1516.19. fossiliferous: bearing ossils.


1. nearly ten years Chief Engineer and Director: Haupt served as an assistant engineerrom 1847 to 1849, superintendent o transportation rom 1849 to 1850, general super-intendent rom 1850 to 1852, and chie engineer rom 1853 to 1856.

2. Personal interests ample remuneration to its stockholders: Haupt was no longer anemployee o the Pennsylvania Railroad. He had resigned rom the company in 1856 tooversee the construction o the Hoosac unnel in Massachusetts or the roy and Green-feld Railroad. At this time, Haupt was working as a paid consultant or the PennsylvaniaRailroad.

3. through the impetus given it by the repeal of the tonnage-tax: Since it competed directlywith Pennsylvanias state-owned internal improvements network, the PennsylvaniaRailroads charter included a tonnage tax on all reight carried rom Harrisburg toPhiladelphia. In 1855 Pennsylvanias legislature repealed the tonnage tax o three mills($0.003; see ollowing note) on coal and timber, in exchange or the Pennsylvania Rail-road agreeing to lower the tolls charged on those commodities.

4. mill: A common monetary term or railroad tolls, a mill is one-thousandth o a dollar($0.001).

5. too new to furnish any reliable data on this subject: Te Pennsylvania Railroad had

completed the major portion o its railroad connections between Philadelphia and Pitts-burgh in 1852 only fve years beore Haupt wrote this report.

6. Eastern and Western Divisions: During its initial construction, the managers o thePennsylvania Railroad divided the main line into three sections: the eastern, middle and

western divisions. Te western terminus o the line was at Pittsburgh and the easternterminus at Philadelphia.

7. J. Dutton Steele, Esq., Civil Engineer: Te report on railroad grades rom John DuttonSteele (181086) to the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad is reproduced in theMining

Magazine, 6 (1856), pp. 33743.8. the State provides road and motive power: Te Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad was

the eastern rail link or the main line o the Pennsylvania State Works and was com-pleted in 1834. It was state-owned and operated, hence Haupts point about the divisiono public and private responsibilities at this time. Financial problems plagued the State

Works, and in 1857 the Pennsylvania Railroad purchased the main line, which included

the Philadelphia and Columbia, outright.9. admitting that the cost as high rates as it will bear: Te origins o this quote are unclear.

sample pages from the american coal industry, 1790–1902

Documents