sample construction and material specifications

8/10/2019 Sample Construction and Material Specifications

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SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL

SPECIFICATIONS The following paragraphs provide general guidelines on developing construction andmaterial specifications for specific projects. Generally, the owner would hire services of adesigner to perform a project-specific design. The design should be performed in

accordance with the procedures outlined in this manual.The general guidelines given below should be modified to incorporate specificStoneTerraTM facing unit criteria and special project-specific requirements and to provideconsistency with construction drawings. ny unnecessary requirements given below maybe deleted depending upon project details.The physical and mechanical properties of StoneTerraTM facing units and geogridreinforcement properties are important in providing satisfactory long-term performance of the StoneTerraTM MS! wall systems.The " #$%-&', (S" )-*art +ormat and (S" *age +ormat were utilied to provide thegeneral conditions and formats.

PART 1: GENERALI. Summary Description

. This section includes StoneTerraTM MS! retaining wall systems consisting of geosynthetic reinforcement high tensile strength polymeric sheet materials calledgeogrids placed between two horiontal layers of StoneTerraTM Segmental (oncretefacing /nits and unifying compacted soil bac0fill. 1or0 shall consist of furnishing allmaterials, labor, equipment, field supervision, and installing a StoneTerraTM MS! wallsystem in accordance with given specifications. ll installations should conform toproject drawings provided by the 2wner or the 2wner3s !ngineer.4. 5elated Sections%. Section 66666666 - Site *reparation#. Section 66666666 - !arthwor0

II. Reference Standards . ny reference standards that are not applicable to the project should be deleted. "f there is a conflict between the given specifications and reference standards, the 2wner3s!ngineer should ma0e the final determination of applicable documents.4. merican ssociation of State 7ighway and Transportation 2fficials S7T2%. 85+9 9esign Specifications, S" /nits, %st !dition, #$$'# Tas0 +orce #' 5eport, "n-situ Soil "mprovement Techniques, 9esign Guidelines for /seof !:tensible 5einforcements for Mechanically Stabilied !arth 1alls in *ermanent

pplications, %;;$). Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling andTesting, %;&<(. merican Society for Testing and Materials STM

%. STM 9 =## > Standard Test Method for Gradation of soils#. STM 9 =#= > Standard Test Method for 9etermination of tterberg 8imits of Soils). STM 9G?% > Standard Test Method for 9etermination of Soil p7=. STM 9<;&, 9%;;' > Standard Specification for Moisture 9ensity 5elationship for Soils, Standard *roctor and Modified *roctor Methods



?. STM ())-;; - Standard Specification for (oncrete ggregates<. STM 9)$)= > Standard Specification for *olyvinyl (hloride *@( *lastic *ipe'. STM 9%#=& > Standard Specification for (orrugated *lastic *ipe&. STM (%?$ > /se of (ement in (oncrete 4loc0s;. STM (#<$ > /se of dmi:tures in (oncrete%$. STM (=;= > /se of dmi:tures in (oncrete

%%. STM (&$? > Schmidt 7ammer Test for the determination of (ompressive Strengthof (oncrete9. Geosynthetic 5esearch "nstitute G5"%. G5" GG%-&' - Standard of *ractice for Geogrid 5ib Tensile Strength#. G5" GG#-&' - Standard of *ractice for Geogrid Aunction Strength). G5" GG?-&' > Standard of *ractice for Geogrid *ullout=. G5" GS-<-&& > Standard of *ractice for "nterface +riction 9etermination by 9irectShear?. G5" GG=-;%- 9etermination of 8ong-Term 9esign Strength of Stiff Geogrids<. G5" GG=4-;%- 9etermination of 8ong-Term 9esign Strength of +le:ible Geogrids'. G5" GT'-;# - 9etermination of 8ong-Term 9esign Strength of Geote:tiles&. G5" GG-) B4-;% - Tension (reep Testing of Stiff B +le:ible Geogrids

;. G5" GT?-;# - Standard of *ractice for Tension (reep Testing of Geote:tiles!. Cational (oncrete Masonry ssociation C(M%. T!D #-= - Specification for Segmental 5etaining 1all /nits+. StoneTerra, "nc.

%. 9esign Manual for StoneTerraTM MS! 1all Systems, Aune #$$&

III. Definitions . StoneTerraTM /nit > segmental concrete unit with shear 0eys generally made of Esurplus concreteE in the yard of ready mi: concrete supplier.4. Gravity Soil Mass - (ompacted structural fill placed immediately behind the wall,which contributes to the gravity mass of the wall structure.(. 9rainage +ill - +ree-draining, well-graded, coarse-grained aggregates placed

immediately behind the bloc0s to relieve hydrostatic pressures or seepage forces and toprevent clogging of aggregate drainage medium if a geote:tile fabric is not used.9. 5etained Soil - Cative soils or compacted structural fill situated immediately behinddrainage fill. The primary function of the gravity wall is to retain this soil mass withoutfailure.!. 8eveling *ad F 1all +oundation - 9ensely compacted and free draining crushed roc0pad for distributing the weight of bloc0 wall over a wider area and for providing a wor0ingsurface during construction.+. +oundation Subgrade - (ompetent native soil subgrade or compacted structural fillsubgrade for supporting the bloc0 wall structure as approved by a qualified geotechnicalengineer.G. 9rainage F 9ischarge *ipe - *erforated pipe with adequate flow capacity placed at the

rear base of the wall to discharge collected water into a suitable receptacle by gravityflow. 8ocation of discharge pipe behind the wall depends upon the drainagerequirements of the wall structure and the design of drainage system.



7. 9rainage Swale - small depression adjacent to the top of the wall to collect surfacewater run-off and discharge by gravity flow.". Geote:tile filter > filter fabric with adequate permittivity or porosity placed againstthe retained soil mass or between drainage media and retained soil mass to minimieclogging of drainage media.A. 4ac0slope - 5etained soil slope behind the wall. Slope inclination, , is measured

countercloc0wise from the horiontal plane.D. +oreslope F Toeslope - 9ownslope in front of the toe of wall.8. 5einforced 4ac0fill > (ompacted structural fill placed behind the 9rainage +ill or directly behind the StoneTerraTM units as outlined on the plans.M. GeoSynthetic 5einforcement > 7igh tensile strength polymeric sheet materials calledgeogrids or geote:tiles manufactured for soil reinforcement purposes.C. Geogrid /ltimate Tensile Strength > 4rea0ing tensile strength when tested inaccordance with G5"-GG%, as modified by S7T2 Standard Specification for 7ighway4ridges %;;; "nterim, using a single rib having the greater of ) junctions or & inches andtested at a strain rate of %$ percent per minute based on this gauge length. @aluesshown are minimum average roll values.2. Geogrid Aunction Strength > 4rea0ing tensile strength of junctions when tested in

accordance with G5"-GG#, as modified by S7T2 Standard Specification for 7ighway4ridges, %;;; "nterim, using a single rib having the greater of ) junctions or & inches andtested at a strain rate of %$ percent per minute based on this gauge length. @aluesshown are minimum average roll values.*. Geogrid 8ong-Term 9esign Strength > The ma:imum allowable stress level of thepolymeric grid used in the internal stability design calculations of the retaining wall./ltimate Tensile Strength reduced by the effects of installation damage and durability.H. Geogrid 8ong-Term llowable 9esign Strength > 8ong-Term 9esign Strength reducedby the +actor of Safety for design uncertainties.

I. System Description . 9esign 5equirements - 9esign the retaining wall system in accordance with the

design guidelines presented in the StoneTerraTM MS! 1all 9esign Manual, %st !dition,Aune #$$; provided by StoneTerra, "nc. !ngage and pay for the services of a 9esigner to design and develop 9esign 9ata for the retaining wall system.4. *erformance 5equirements > The contractors, material suppliers, and wall systemsuppliers shall have sufficient past project e:perience and shall be approved by the2wner3s !ngineer at least two wee0s prior to the bid opening.



PART (: PR)D*+TSI. ,anufacturers

. StoneTerra, "nc. is the sole manufacturer of StoneTerraTM Segmental (oncrete +acing/nits.4. Geogrids shall be manufactured by66666666666666666.(. Substitutions > See section 66666666666666666666666.

II. ,ateria"sA. StoneTerraT, Se&menta" *nit%. The StoneTerraTM units shall have minimum #&-day compressive strength of #,#$$ psi.7igher concrete compressive strength can result in higher cost for the bloc0s. Thema:imum absorption of %$ pcf and adequate freee-thaw protection absorption byweight J <K shall, in general, satisfy the listed STM standards (%=$ and (%#<#.#. ll individual StoneTerraTM units shall be free of crac0s and other defects that wouldinterfere with the placement and loc0ing of units. Specifically, all shear 0eys shall be freeof any damage.). StoneTerraTM unit dimensions such as height, width, depth, and batter shall match thedetails shown on the approved plans. tolerance of L%F# inch for all dimensions e:ceptheight may be used. tolerance of L%F= inch shall be used for height.=. rchitectural features such as surficial finishes and the color of StoneTerra TM unitsshall match the details shown on the approved plans.?. StoneTerraTM units shall have following dimensions select whatever is applicable.(olor application can result in higher cost for the bloc0s. Generally the bloc0s arevarious shades of gray.%. StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor#. StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor). StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor=. StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor?. StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor<. StoneTerraTM 66666666666666666a. Sie b. 1eight c. (olor



. Geosyntetic Reinforcements%. The following geogrids shall be used for soil reinforcement. The type, designstrengths, and placement locations shall match details shown on plans.#. The allowable tensile strength shall be calculated in accordance with guidelines givenin 9esign Manual for StoneTerraTM MS! 1all Systems.%. 66666666666666666

a. /ltimate Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.b. llowable Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.c. Aunction Strength 666666666666lbFft.d. (oefficient of 9irect Sliding6666666e. (oefficient of "nteraction6666666666#. 66666666666666666a. /ltimate Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.b. llowable Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.c. Aunction Strength 666666666666lbFft.d. (oefficient of 9irect Sliding6666666e. (oefficient of "nteraction6666666666). 66666666666666666

a. /ltimate Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.b. llowable Tensile Strength 66666lbFft. minimum average roll value.c. Aunction Strength 666666666666lbFft.d. (oefficient of 9irect Sliding6666666e. (oefficient of "nteraction6666666666

#. (onnection strength data shall be part of submittals as stated in *art @.

+. Draina&e ,ateria"s%. 9rainage fill materials shall consist of free draining, all-weather, coarse-grainedmaterial which is placed behind the StoneTerraTM units as specified on the plans. Thedrainage fill gradation shall be as follows as determined by the STM 9 =## testprocedure

%$$ to '?K passing in a %-in. sieve?$ to '?K passing a )F=-in. sieve$ to <$K passing a Co = sieve$ to ?$K passing a Co =$ sieve$ to ?K passing a Co #$$ sieve#. The !ngineer andFor rchitect may specify a substitute such as a drainage compositeother equivalent geosynthetic drainage materials to be approved by the designer. Thedrainage composite shall be > < o. per sq.yd. polypropylene non-woven geote:tile,

S7T2 M#&&-;<, (lass #, bonded to both sides of a polyethylene net structure,produced by 6666666666666666666. Minimum llowable Transmissivity > Cot less than%.? gallon per minute per foot of width when tested in accordance with STM 9='%<-;?at a confirming pressure of %$,$$$ psf.

). The drainage collection pipe shall be installed as shown on the plans. The pipe shallbe a perforated or slotted, *@( or corrugated 79*! pipe. The pipe shall be wrapped infilter fabric. The pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with STM 9)$)=.



D. Reinforced ac/fi"" ,ateria"s%. 5einforcement bac0fill materials shall consist of granular materials G*, G1, S1, S*,SM meeting the following gradation as determined by STM 9 =## test procedure%$$ to '?K passing in a #-in. sieve%$$ to '?K passing a )F=-in. sieve%$$ to #$K passing a Co = sieve

$ to <$K passing a Co =$ sieve$ to )?K passing a Co #$$ sieve#. The ma:imum aggregate sie shall be limited to N inch unless appropriate values for geogrid installation damage have been used.). The plasticity inde: of materials passing Co. #$$ sieve shall be less than #$.=. The p7 value shall be in the range of # to %# as determined by STM G?% procedure.

E. Accessories%. Geote:tile +ilter +abric> polypropylene non-woven geote:tile produced by 6666666 or equal as approved by the designer with grab tensile strength STM 9=<)# of

666666lbFft and water flow rate STM 9==;% of66666666.#. !rosion (ontrol 4lan0et > The StoneTerraTM MS! wall designer must include a

reinforced, polymeric, permanent erosion control blan0et on all soil structureFslopefacings behind, in front, and adjacent to the retaining walls. ll components shall be inertto chemicals normally encountered in a natural soil environment. The tensile strengthshall be not less than6666666666 STM 9?$)?-;?. The durability criteria shall includeretaining a minimum of &$ percent of strength after %,$$$ hours of ultraviolet e:posureSTM 9=)??-;#.

PART 0: +)NSTR*+TI)NI. #ua"ificationsThe contractor and the site supervisor shall have successful completed several projectsincluding the installation of StoneTerraTM MS! wall systems. The contractor shall carryadequate insurance and bond.II. Eca$ation% *rior to the beginning of e:cavation, a StoneTerraTM supplier3s representativee:perienced in StoneTerraTM wall construction shall assist the contractor regarding wallfoundation e:cavation, specifically the preparation of foundation subgrade for designwall batter and other e:cavation procedures related to subgrade preparation, placementof bloc0s, and installation of the drainage envelope behind the wall.

% The contractor shall provide adequate e:cavation support during construction inaccordance with local, state, and federal safety regulations. "t shall be the contractor3sresponsibility to ensure site safety during e:cavation and other construction activities.



% The subgrade shall be e:cavated to meet design requirements shown on gradingplans. !:cavations shall be made vertically to the plan elevation and horiontally to thedesigned geogrid lengths so that over-e:cavation is minimied. 1idth of e:cavationshould allow for wall base and drainpipe.

% Start e:cavation at the lowest wall level. "f the wall steps up in one bloc0 height,

the base bloc0 should be installed at the lowest level in order to establish grade and facelocation of the second level.

% 2vere:cavated or filled areas shall be well compacted, observed, tested, andapproved by a qualified geotechnical engineer.

% qualified geotechnical engineer shall evaluate and approve e:cavatedmaterials that are used as bac0fill in the reinforcement one. ll bac0fill materials shallbe protected from the weather.

III. 2oundation Preparation% The foundation trench shall be e:cavated to the dimensions indicated on the

construction drawings.

% qualified geotechnical engineer shall inspect and approve the reinforced oneand leveling pad foundation soil subgrade in order to ensure adequate bearing capacity.Subgrade soil areas not meeting required bearing strength shall be mar0ed in the fieldand the contractor shall remove and replace these areas with approved fill materials.

% +oundation subgrade soils and any bac0fill materials shall be compacted to aminimum of ;?K of Standard *roctor 9ry 9ensity in accordance with STM 9<;& beforeplacing the leveling pad.

1 Le$e"in& Pad Insta""ation

% The leveling pad shall consist of a minimum of < inch thic0 layer of N-inch minuswell-graded aggregate compacted to ;?K of STM 9 %??' modified proctor density,unless specified otherwise by the design engineer.

% StoneTerraTM supplier3s representative e:perienced in StoneTerraTM wallconstruction shall assist the contractor regarding leveling pad preparation for achievingspecified wall batter. The wall designer shall inspect and approve the leveling pad priorto the placement of bloc0s.The cost of the supplier representative and wall designer inspection shall be included inthe installers bid.

% s a minimum, start at the lowest wall level, locate the front face of the wall, runa string about % inch in front and # inches above the base. /se #:< or #:& and steelsta0es to ma0e a form for achieving design batter. Set the front board in line with thestring at base elevation of the wall. 8ocate and place the bac0board at a distance equalto the base width of the wall. Set elevation of bac0board so that design batter can beachieved. 1ithout moving the string line, start leap-frogging the boards in line with thestring and move forward along the length of the wall. "t is best to prepare the entireleveling pad before installing the bloc0s.



1 *nit3"oc/ Insta""ation% bac0hoe is the ideal equipment for bloc0 installation. wire rigging with swivelhoo0s, 2S7 approved and rated for weight of the bloc0s can be attached to the buc0etand used for lifting, moving, and placing the bloc0s.

% The contractor shall carefully place the first course of StoneTerraTM units only

after the leveling pad has been approved by the designer for adequate batter.

% 4loc0 placement should start at the lowest elevation.

% The StoneTerraTM units shall be free of all protrusions and debris before installingthe ne:t course of units andFor placing the geogrid materials.

% t the completion of the placement of each course, a string line shall be pulled toconfirm that the walls geometry is being maintained.

II. Draina&e 2i""% *nit 2i""% and Draina&e Pipe P"acement% The StoneTerraTM units do not require core fill since there are no voids.

% The drainage bac0fill shall be placed within an envelope of %# inches behind thewall and shall consist of a free draining, coarse-grained granular materials, or opengraded materials meeting the requirements of Section #."".(.% unless specified otherwiseby the designer.

% The drainage collection pipe minimum =-inch diameter shall be placedimmediately behind the wall at the bottom of the wall with a minimum of %.?K gradient tomaintain a positive gravity flow into a suitable receptacle unless specified otherwise bythe designer.

III. Reinforced ac/fi"" P"acement

% s shown on the plans, the reinforced bac0fill material shall be placed inma:imum lifts of %$ inches and shall be compacted to a minimum ;?K Standard *roctor 9ry 9ensity in accordance with STM 9<;&.

% 2nly hand-operated compaction equipment shall be used within ? feet of thebac0 face of the StoneTerraTM units. This area shall be compacted to a minimum ;$K ofStandard *roctor 9ry 9ensity in accordance with STM 9<;&-;&.

% Soil density testing shall not be performed within ? feet of the tail of theStoneTerraTM Segmental (oncrete facing units.

% The bac0fill shall be smooth and level so that the geogrid can be placed tight and

in a horiontal plane. t least < inches of material shall be placed over the geogrid priorto operating the trac0ed equipment. Swift turning and high speed of heavy equipmentshall be minimied to avoid fill displacement and damage to geogrids. ma:imum speedof %$mph shall be used for all heavy vehicles.

% The e:cavated trench area in front of the toe of the wall shall be filled andcompacted as the wall is being constructed.



% The fill areas shall be graded or protected so that any surface water run-off isdirected away from the wall face.

sample construction and material specifications

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