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Samford EcologicalResearch Facility2015/2016 Annual Report
Research, education, outreach and operationsThe Samford Ecological Research Facility (SERF) is a 51hectare property located in the Samford Valley,west of Brisbane. The property was generously bequeathed to QUT by renowned Queensland entomologistDr Elizabeth Nesta Marks AO. SERF is used for research, teaching and learning programs about diversesubjects including soil, water and air quality; groundwater systems; microbiology; plant biology; invertebrateand vertebrate biology; ecology; ecosystem monitoring; population management; vegetation and soilmapping; geographic information systems; sustainable building techniques and experimental design.
Ecological monitoring
SERF has been part of the Australian SupersiteNetwork, a facility of the Terrestrial EcosystemsResearch Network (TERN) since 2012. This is anationwide Australian Government program ofsystematic, automated monitoring of ecosystems.SERF continues to host the National CollaborativeResearch Infrastructure Strategy TERN SouthEastQueensland PeriUrban Grassland Supersite.
ResearchSERF is a unique facility that gives QUT
researchers and students opportunities to
investigate the climate, environment, soil, water,
vegetation and wildlife of a periurban ecosystem.
Research activities at SERF during 2015/16
included ecological monitoring, unmanned aerial
vehicle use, insect behaviour studies and
vegetation and fauna surveys.
Ecological monitoring and research activities
included:
environmental monitoring and data collection of
carbon dioxide and water flux using the OzFlux
Station and weather monitoring station
(Professor Peter Grace, Dr David Rowlings and
Dr Clemens Scheer)
automated greenhouse gas measurement (Dr
David Rowlings and Dr Clemens Scheer)
water quality, flow and nutrient dynamics (Dr
Martin Labadz and Dr David Rowlings)
soil moisture chemistry research (Dr David
Rowlings).
Institute for Future EnvironmentsQueensland University of Technology2 George St, GPO Box 2434Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australiawww.qut.edu.au/ife
Vegetation and fauna surveys
Seventy percent of the SERF property is coveredwith vegetation, providing refuge to native plantsand animals under increasing pressure fromurbanisation. The vegetation is protected andclassified under the Vegetation Management Act1999.
Over time, observation and measurement ofchanges in flora, fauna and biophysical processeswithin important ecological communities helps togauge environmental variability and the significantimpact of urban development.
Research Assistant David Tucker has continued toconduct ongoing monitoring of a range of vegetationand fauna surveys within the one hectare plotestablished at SERF as part of the AustralianSuperSite Network/TERN. Flora are measured forstructural vegetation attributes, sampled for geneticand carbon isotope analysis and collected asherbarium specimens. Seasonal changes in canopycover along parallel transects have also beenmonitored.
Fauna surveys of bird species using acoustic and
visual methods have been a major research focus
at SERF. Recording environmental sounds using
remote ‘song meters’ has revealed birds as the
dominant audible species at SERF (Jason
Wimmer). Visual surveys of a twohectare
ecological sample area using acoustic sensors also
determined the abundance of bird species (Masters
student Dez Wells).
Several undergraduate student projects used
thermal imaging technologies in fauna surveys.
Projects included using line transect surveys with
a thermal imaging camera to detect heated
models that mimic the general mammalian body
temperature of living organisms (Honours student
Jessie Mckee) and investigating the use of
infrared thermography to detect animals as part of
Integrative Biology Capstone field experiments
(undergraduate students Lillie Gill, Sam Mylne
and Russ Beddoes).
Rapid biodiversityassessment methods (such as
acoustic sensing) have become highly desirable in
comparison to traditional fullscale field
assessments. Field survey methods including pitfall
trapping and ground searching (spotlight/call
triangulation) have been compared with remote
acoustic survey results in the detection of frog
species (VRES students Leah Gustafson and
Brendan Doohan). The tadpole population in
Samford Creek has also been sampled to examine
the gene flow, movements and habitat use by the
stream associated frog Mixophyes fasciolatus in
riparian corridors and large remnant forest patches
in the Samford Valley (Masters student Andrew
Schwenke).
Dr E.N. Marks Sustainability Award 2015
Since 2008, QUT’s Institute for Future
Environments has presented an annual
award to recognise a QUT undergraduate
student for a high quality research project
that both maintains the environmental
integrity of SERF and engages the university
and the wider community.
The 2015 Dr E.N. Marks Sustainability
Award was presented to Russell Beddoes,
for his research project examining the effect
of interference in thermal images and the
detection errors this could lead to for
ecological surveys. The research was
carried out both in controlled laboratory
conditions and in the field at the Samford
Ecological Research Facility. Russ has since
become a welcome addition to QUT's
Quantitative Applied Spatial Ecology
research group and will be commencing his
Masters studies in 2017.
Animal ethics compliance
The QUT University Animal Ethics Committeeinspected the SERF site on 7 September 2015 aspart of their obligation to monitor all activitiesrelated to the care and use of animals forresearch purposes. The Committee was informedthat very little animal research or teaching activitywas conducted at SERF. It was recommendedthat an interim report be provided by SERF foralternate years when no formal inspection wasscheduled. SERF was also asked to consider andadvise on any effect related to the use of UAVson wildlife and birds.
Insect behaviour
Three insect enclosure screenhouses were installedat SERF in November 2012, and have beenextensively used by QUT researchers for studyinginsect behaviour. Many experimental studies havefocused on the Queensland fruit fly, Bactroceratryoni.
The screenhouses have been used to investigatehow male and female Queensland fruit flies findeach other to mate and the importance of host fruitpresence (PhD student, Ms ThiliniEkanayake). Experimental fruit fly lure traps havealso been tested in the enclosures prior to fieldtesting in the open environment (Lona vanDeldon). A new study began on the ecological andbehavioural aspects of the wasp, Diachsmimorphakraussii, which is a larval parasitoid of theQueensland fruit fly. The study will investigate thewasp’s host foraging behaviour and the role oflearning experience in the host location experience(PhD student Aeadd Muhmed).
Unmanned aerial vehicles
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or‘drones’) in the field of ecological research isincreasing. QUT’s Australian Research Centre forAerospace Automation (ARCAA) carried out anumber of drone missions at SERF to train QUTtechnical and research staff and test the integrationof various payloads and sensor technologies. Testflights were used during integration of themultispectral camera on a multirotor UAV to conductlivestreaming via Skype of thermal imagery.Undergraduate students were also trained in the useof a fixedwing UAV fitted with a multispectralcamera for the planning and data capture forproducing future highresolution data products. Theutility of this training and methods development willbe to quantify changes in vegetation growth overlarge spatial and temporal scales.
SERF continues to play a significant role inQUT’s educational programs and providesdiverse opportunities for students to conductexperiments in the field and gain practicalresearch experience.
Many students from QUT’s Science andEngineering Faculty visited SERF to study thesite’s flora, fauna and ecosystem ecology using avariety of field survey methods. Students incourse BVB202 Experimental Design andQuantitative Methods used transect and quadratmethods to measure tree density while studentsin course EVB102 Ecosystems and theEnvironment learned soil survey methods.
With its diverse range of wildlife, SERF is theperfect setting for students to examine a numberof animals. Students in course BVB223 InsectLife collected insects and inspected insect trapsto examine a variety of specimens from the site,contributing to their understanding of fieldentomology. Students in course BVB214Vertebrate Life conducted a field vertebrate studylooking for reptiles and mammals in leaf litter,pitfall traps and Elliot traps.
As in previous years, urban planning studentsconducted a site appraisal of SERF to prepare afictional concept planning proposal for a longterm sustainable residential development.Students in course ENB274 Design ofEnvironmentally Sustainable Systems wererequired to incorporate the natural resourcevalues of the site into their proposal to minimiseany development’s impact on the site’s flora andfauna.
Education Outreach
SERF is not just a facility for QUT academics and
students. Every year, it is visited by a broad range
of people, including researchers from other
institutions, politicians and public servants.
Visitors during 2015/16 included descendants of
Georg Atthow who purchased the SERF land and
lived in the Slab Hut and representatives from
TERN SuperSite, Millen Farm Group and Samford
Museum.
SERF also held a public information session on 15
October 2015 to provide an overview of the
university's site activities and research projects. At
the evening, speakers included Field Technican
Marcus Yates, Research Assistant David Tucker,
Principal Research Fellow (Autonomous Systems)
Dr Matt Dunbabin who spoke about UAV research
and Dr Paul Cunningham who discussed fruit fly
research at SERF.
During 2015/16, SERF's research was featured on
several media programs. Our ecoacoustics
research was highlighted on both ABC Catalyst (12
July 2016, Dr Susan Fuller and Jessie
Cappadonna) and Scope, a children's science
show (10 September 2016, David Tucker). SERF's
water monitoring research was also featured on
Totally Wild, a children's wildlife show (1 June
2015, Dr Martin Labadz).
Weatherexposed parts of The Barracks receivedmaintenance including oiling of the verandaflooring and staining of timberwork around thedecks. Insulation of the garage workshop roofwas also carried out to complement an upgrade ofthe wall shelving, and installation of a hygienicstainless steel bench with accompanying sink.This workshop is well used by researchers forequipment maintenance and field study samplepreparation.
Contact
Juan CooperDistributed Sites ManagerE: [email protected]: +61 7 3138 0195
Samford Ecological Research Facility148 Camp Mountain RoadSamford, Queensland, 4520, Australiawww.serf.qut.edu.au
CRICOS No.00213J / October 2016
During 2015/16, improvements continued to bemade to SERF’s infrastructure and naturalhabitat and involved weed eradication,revegetation, a controlled burn off andmaintenance of The Barracks building.
SERF Site Technician Marcus Yates, with theassistance of Charlie Sparks of ForestryMaintenance Systems, has progressed thearduous task of eradicating of the estimated88,500 woody perennial environmental weedsidentified within the 35 forested hectares atSERF. The weeds concentrated on, in order ofdensity, included Lantana camara (Lantana),Ochna serrulata (Mickey Mouse bush), Sennapendula (Eastern Cassia), Asparagus africanus(Climbing Asparagus Fern), Asparagusaethiopicus (Ground Asparagus Fern), Celtissinensis (Chinese Elm) and Corybia torreliana(Cadagie).
Revegetation of areas on either side of the mainentrance after road works has now beencompleted. After waiting for optimum weatherand subsoil moisture conditions for plants to beestablished, a variety of plants, shrubs and treesnative to the Samford area were planted.
Operations & management
Continue establishing the SERF herbarium.Complete the weed eradication program byJune 2017. As of August 2016, approximately85% or 31 hectares of forest at SERF had beencleared of woody perennials weeds.
2016/2017 goals
After advice from the Rural Fire Brigade, acontrolled burn off of old tree debris located on thepasture land near the south western boundary ofthe SERF property was carried out on 11 February2016. The burn off reduced the fire hazard posedby stacks of old dry timber and to enable the entirepasture area to be slashed regularly. Firefightersremained on site until the area was safe to leave. Apatch of debris was left untouched to provide acontinued refuge for small birds in the pasturedarea.