sale

4/10/15, 7:44 PMSale, Greater Manchester - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Page 1 of 10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester

Sale

Sale Town Hall

Sale shown within Greater Manchester

Population 55,234 (2001 census) density 12,727/sq mi (4,914/km2)OS grid reference SJ785915 London 162 mi (261 km) SE Metropolitan borough TraffordMetropolitan county Greater ManchesterRegion North WestCountry EnglandSovereign state United KingdomPost town SALEPostcode district M33Dialling code 0161Police Greater ManchesterFire Greater ManchesterAmbulance North WestEU Parliament North West EnglandUK Parliament Altrincham and Sale West

Wythenshawe and Sale EastList of places: UK England Greater Manchester

Sale, Greater ManchesterFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sale is a town in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.[1] Historically in Cheshire, it is on the south bank of theRiver Mersey, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Stretford, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Altrincham, and 5.2 miles(8.4 km) southwest of Manchester. In 2001 it had a population of 55,000.

Evidence of Stone Age, Roman, and Anglo-Saxon activity has been discovered locally. In the Middle Ages, Salewas a rural township, linked ecclesiastically with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, whose fields and meadowswere used for crop and cattle farming. By the 17th century, Sale had a cottage industry manufacturing garthweb,the woven material from which horses' saddle girths were made.

The Bridgewater Canal reached the town in 1765, stimulating Sale's urbanisation. The arrival of the railway in1849 triggered Sale's growth as a commuter town for Manchester, leading to an influx of middle class residents; bythe end of the 19th century the town's population had more than tripled. Agriculture gradually declined as serviceindustries boomed.

Sale's urban growth resulted in a merger with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, following the Local GovernmentAct 1929. The increase in population led to the granting of a charter in 1935, giving Sale honorific borough status.Since then, Sale has continued to thrive as a commuter town, supported by its proximity to the M60 motorway andthe Manchester Metrolink network. Sale Water Park contains an artificial lake used for water sports. Sale Sharksrugby union and Sale Harriers athletics club were founded in Sale, although both have now relocated elsewhere.

Contents1 History2 Governance3 Geography4 Demography

4.1 Population change5 Economy6 Culture

6.1 Landmarks and attractions6.2 Events and venues6.3 Sports

7 Education8 Religion9 Transport10 See also11 References

11.1 Notes11.2 Bibliography

12 External links

HistoryA flint arrowhead discovered in Sale suggests a prehistoric human presence at the location,[2] but there is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Romanperiod. A 4th-century hoard of 46 Roman coins was discovered in Ashton upon Mersey, one of four known hoards dating from that period discovered within the Merseybasin.[3][4] Sale lies along the line of the Roman road which runs between the fortresses at Chester (Deva Victrix) and York (Eboracum), via the fort at Manchester(Mamucium);[3] the present-day A56 follows the route of the road through the town.[2] After the Roman departure from Britain in the early-5th century, Britain wasinvaded by the Anglo-Saxons.

Some local field and road names,[5] and the name of Sale itself, are Anglo-Saxon in origin, which indicates the town was founded in the 7th or 8th centuries. The OldEnglish salh, from which "Sale" is derived, means "at the sallow tree",[6] and Ashton upon Mersey means "village or farm near the ash trees".[7] Although the townshipsof Sale and Ashton upon Mersey were not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, that may be because only a partial survey was taken.[8] The first recordedoccurrences of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey are in 11991216 and 1260 respectively.[9] The settlements were referred to as townships rather than manors, whichsuggests further evidence of Anglo-Saxon origins as townships were developed by the Saxons.[10]

Sale

Coordinates: 53.424N 2.322W



The dovecote is all that survives ofSale Old Hall.

1777 map of area around Sale showing thetownships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey and theseparate village of Cross Street (Baguley andWythenshawe Hall are in the southeast)

View of the Bridgewater Canal,looking north towards Stretford. Therailway runs parallel with the canal.

The manor of Sale was one of 30 held by William FitzNigel, a powerful 12th-century baron in north Cheshire. He divided it between Thomas de Sale and Adam deCarrington, who acted as Lords of the Manor on FitzNigel's behalf.[11] On de Sale's death, his land passed to his son-in-law, JohnHolt; de Carrington's land passed into the ownership of Richard de Massey, a member of the Masseys who were Barons ofDunham. Sale descended through the Holt and Massey families until the 17th century, when their respective lands were sold.[11]Sale Old Hall was built in about 1603 for James Massey, probably to replace a medieval manor house, and was one of the firstbuildings in northwest England to be made of brick.[12][13] It was rebuilt in 1840 and demolished in 1920, but two buildings in itsgrounds have survived: its dovecote, now in Walkden Gardens, and its lodge, the latter now occupied by Sale Golf Club.[12]

In 1745, Crossford Bridge which dated back to at least 1367 was torndown.[14] It was one of a series of bridges crossing the River Merseydestroyed by order of the government, to slow the advance of Jacobite forces

during the Jacobite rising. The Jacobites repaired the bridge upon reaching Manchester, and used it to send a smallforce into Sale and Altrincham. Their intention was to deceive the authorities into believing that the Jacobites wereheading for Chester. The feint was successful and the main Jacobite army later marched south through Cheadle andStockport instead.[15]

The extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Runcorn was completed as far as Sale by 1765, and transformed thetown's economy by providing a quick and cheap route into Manchester for fresh produce.[16] Farmers who took theirwares to market in Manchester brought back night soil to fertilise the fields.[17] Not everyone benefited from thecanal however; several yeomen claimed that their crops were damaged by flooding from the Barfoot Bridgeaqueduct.[18] A 1777 map shows the village of Cross Street, on the site of the road now of the same name, dividedbetween the townships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey.[19] The village was first referred to in 1586 and is believedto have originated around this time.[20] The map also shows that Sale was spread out, mainly consisting offarmhouses around Dane Road, Fairy Lane, and Old Hall Road.[19] Sale absorbed Cross Street as it expanded.

About 300 acres (120 ha) of "wasteland" known as Sale Moor was enclosed in 1807, to be divided between the landowners in Sale. This was part of a nationwideinitiative to begin cultivation of common land to lessen the food shortage caused by the Napoleonic Wars.[21] Records of poor relief in the town start in 1808, a timewhen the region was in the grip of an economic depression.[22] Poorhouses, where paupers could stay rent-free, were built in the early-19th century, reflecting the poorstate of the local economy.[23] In 1829, Samuel Brooks acquired 515 acres (208 ha) of land in Sale about a quarter of the township from George Grey, 6th Earl ofStamford.[24] The area later became known as Brooklands after the land owner.

The Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway opened in 1849,[25] and led to the middle classes using Sale as acommuter town, a residence away from their place of work.[26] This resulted in Sale's population more than tripling by the end ofthe 19th century.[27] The land in Sale Moor was the cheapest in the town because the soil was poor and difficult to cultivate,which was part of the reason the area was common land until the early 19th century. However, when the railway opened, SaleMoor was close to the station and became the most expensive area in Sale. Villas were built in Sale Moor, and a few in Ashtonupon Mersey as the demand for land increased.[28] They were often decorated with stained glass or different coloured bricks inan attempt to make them "mansions in miniature" for the aspiring middle-class.[29]

Pressure from an increasing population led to the town being supplied with amenities such as sewers, which were built in 18751880;[30] and Sale was connected to the telephone network in 1888.[31] As in the late-19th century, the early-20th century saw agreat deal of construction work in Sale. The town's first swimming baths were built in 1914,[32] and its first cinema, The Palace,was opened during the First World War.[33] The end of the war in 1918 resulted in a rush of marriages, which highlighted a

shortage of housing.[34] The local councils of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey took the initiative of building council housing, and rented it to the local population at belowmarket rates. By the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Sale had 594 council houses.[34] The building programme was interrupted by the start of the war.[32]additional private housing development brought the total of inter-war houses built in Sale to around 900, including large housing estates like Woodheys Hall estate inAshton.

Sale was never officially evacuated during the war, and even received families from evacuated areas, although it was not considered far enough from likely targets to bean official destination for evacuees.[35] The town's proximity to Manchester, an industrial centre directed towards the war effort, did result in a number of bombing raids.Incendiaries dropped on Sale in September 1940 caused no casualties, but did damage a house. In a bombing incident the following November, four people were injuredand a school was damaged; on 22 December 1940, twelve people were injured by bombs.[35] On the night of 23 December, much of Manchester suffered heavybombing in what became known as the Manchester Blitz. Six hundred incendiary bombs were dropped on Sale in three hours. There were no injuries, but Sale TownHall was severely damaged.[35] On 3 August 1943, at 11:50 pm, a Wellington Bomber on a training exercise crashed in Walton Park in the south-west of the town. Ofthe six-man crew, consisting of five members of the Royal Australian Air Force and one member of the Royal Air Force, the pilot and the bomb-aimer were killed.[36]

Sale's shopping centre was redeveloped during the 1960s, as part of the town's post-war regeneration. In 1973, the shopping precinct in the town centre, which hadgrown up in the mid-19th century, was also redeveloped and pedestrianised in an attempt to increase trade.[32] The construction of the M63 motorway (subsequentlyrenamed the M60) in 1972 led to the creation of Sale Water Park. To minimise the risk of flooding, the new road was built on an embankment, for which the necessarygravel was extracted from what is today an artificial lake and water-sports centre.[37] Opportunities for leisure were increased when the old swimming baths, demolishedin 1971, were replaced in 1973 by a new complex built on the same site.[32]

Governance



The coat of arms on Sale Town Hallare of the former Sale MunicipalBorough Council, which wasdissolved in 1974.

Shops along Northenden Road in Sale

Sale compared2001 UK census Sale[58] Trafford[59] EnglandTotal population 55,234 210,145 49,138,831Foreign born 6.7% 8.2% 9.2%White 95.1% 89.7% 91.0%Asian 1.9% 4.6% 4.6%Black 0.7% 2.3% 2.3%Christian 78% 76% 72%Muslim 1.4% 3.3% 3.1%No religion 13% 12% 15%Over 65 years old 17% 16% 16%

Historically, Sale was a township in the ancient parish of Ashton upon Mersey in the hundred of Bucklow and county ofCheshire.[1] Throughout the Middle Ages it was governed by the Lord of the Manor. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act1834, Sale was joined with the Altrincham Poor Law Union, an inter-parish unit established to provide social security.[1] Theunit changed its name to Bucklow Poor Law Union in 1895.[1] Sale adopted the Local Government Act 1858 in November 1866,and Sale Local Board was formed to govern the township at the beginning of 1867.[38] Members were elected to the local boardby the town's ratepayers. A household had one vote for every 10 (800 as of 2015)[39] of rateable value.[40] Under the LocalGovernment Act 1888 Sale became an urban district of the administrative county of Cheshire. The local board was replaced bySale Urban District Council in 1894. The parish of Ashton upon Mersey became an urban district in 1895.[41] In 1930, theAshton upon Mersey UD was merged into Sale UD under a county review order.[40][41]

In December 1933, Sale Urban District submitted a petition to the Privy Council in an attempt to gain a charter of incorporation.At the time, Sale UD had the largest population and highest rateable value of any urban district in the country.[42] The petitionwas successful and on 21 September 1935 Sale UD was granted borough status, and became the Municipal Borough of Sale.[41] Following the Local Government Act1972, on 1 April 1974 the Municipal Borough of Sale was abolished. Sale became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, a local governmentdistrict of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[32][41] The town's education, town planning, waste collection, health, social care and other services areadministered by Trafford Council.[43]

For national elections, Sale was in the parliamentary constituency of Altrincham and Sale from 1945 until 1997, when it was split between Altrincham and Sale Westand Wythenshawe and Sale East. The Altrincham and Sale West constituency is one of the Conservative Party's two seats in Greater Manchester. The Sale area consistsof five electoral wards, which between them have 15 of the 63 seats on the council. The wards are Ashton upon Mersey, Brooklands, Priory, Sale Moor, and St.Mary's.[44] As of the 2012 local elections, the Conservative Party held nine of the seats and the Labour Party held six.[45]

GeographyAt (53.4246, 2.322), Sale lies respectively to the north and south of the neighbouring towns ofAltrincham and Stretford, and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Manchester city centre. The district of Wythenshawe is to thesoutheast. Sale is in the Mersey Valley, about 100 feet (30 m) above sea level on generally flat ground. The River Mersey, whichruns just north of the town,[2] is prone to flooding during heavy rains, so the Sale Water Park, close to the town's northernboundary, acts as an emergency flood basin.[46] The man-made, and thus more controllable, Bridgewater Canal runs through thecentre of the town.

Sale's local drift geology consists of sand and gravel deposited about 10,000 years ago, during the last ice age.[47] The bedrock isBunter sandstone in the west and Triassic waterstone in the east.[48] United Utilities obtains the town's drinking water from theLake District.[49] Sale's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowesttemperatures (13.2 C (55.8 F) and 6.4 C (43.5 F)) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6

millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.[50][51]

The town's main districts are Ashton upon Mersey in the northwest, Sale Moor in the southeast, and Brooklands in the southwest. The main commercial area is Saletown centre, in the central northern area of the town, but smaller commercial centres are also found in Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor. Brooklands is the mostdensely populated area. Most of the parks, including Worthington and Walton, are in the central and southern areas, leaving Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor with ashortage of accessible green space.[52][53][54]

Sale's built environment is varied, with a mixture of modern and old buildings. Some terraces, semi-detached houses, and villas, survive from the Victorian period,[55]although many of the larger houses have been converted into flats.[56] Many semi-detached houses survive from the 1930s, when there was a need for new housing inthe town as a result of a growing population and an increasingly wealthy middle class.[57] Interspersed with these older structures are newer housing developments, suchas the estates built in Ashton upon Mersey and the east of Sale during the 1970s.[32]

DemographyAs of the 2001 UK census, Sale had a population of 55,234. The 2001 population density was12,727 inhabitants per square mile (4,914/km2), with a 100 to 94.2 female-to-male ratio.[60] Ofthose over 16 years old, 30.0% were single (never married), 51.3% married and 7.8%divorced.[61] Although the proportion of divorced people was similar to that of Trafford andEngland, the rates of those who were single and married were significantly different from thenational and Trafford averages (Trafford: 44.3% single, 35.6% married; England: 44.3% single,34.7% married).[62] Sale's 24,027 households included 32.2% one-person, 37.8% marriedcouples living together, 8.3% were co-habiting couples, and 8.5% single parents with theirchildren, these figures were similar to those of Trafford and England.[63] Of those aged 1674,22.3% had no academic qualifications, similar to that of 24.7% in all of Trafford butsignificantly lower than 28.9% in all of England.[59][64] Sale had a much higher percentage ofadults with a diploma or degree than Greater Manchester as a whole. Of Sale residents aged 1674, 26.7% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacherstatus, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, or health visitor,compared to 20% nationwide.[59][64]

5325!29"N 219!19"W



Sale compared2001 UK Census Sale[72] Trafford[73] EnglandPopulation of working age 40,272 151,445 35,532,091Full-time employment 45.5% 43.4% 40.8%Part-time employment 11.6% 11.9% 11.8%Self-employed 7.8% 8.0% 8.3%Unemployed 2.5% 2.7% 3.3%Retired 14.3% 13.9% 13.5%

The main thoroughfare of Saleshopping centre

Originally a working class town, there was an influx of middle-class people in the mid-19th century when businessmen began using Sale as a commuter town.[26] Sincethen, Sale has had a greater proportion of middle class residents than the national average. In 1931, 22.7% of Sale's population was middle class compared with 14% inEngland and Wales, and by 1971, this had increased to 36.3% compared with 24% nationally. Parallel to this increase in the middle classes of Sale was the decline of theworking class population. In 1931, 20.3% were working class compared with 36% in England and Wales; by 1971, this had decreased to 15.4% in Sale and 26%nationwide. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers. The change in social structure in the town was at a similar rate tothat of the rest of the nation but was biased towards the middle classes, transforming Sale into the middle class town it is today.[65]

Population change

According to the hearth tax returns of 1664, the township of Sale had a population of about 365.[66] Parish registers show that the area experienced steady populationgrowth during the 17th and 18th centuries, more so during the latter half of the 19th century (due to the Industrial Revolution). This later growth was less rapid than thatseen in neighbouring areas such as Altrincham, Bowdon, or Stretford.[67] The increase in growth in the latter half of the 19th century also coincides with the arrival ofthe railway, indicative of Sale's growth as a commuter town.[68] A huge increase in population in 19211931 is accounted for by the administrative merger of Sale withAshton upon Mersey in 1930.[69] Steady growth thereon is evident until 1981, when the decline of industry in Trafford and the Greater Manchester area accounts for areduction in the town's population. This follows the general population trend for Greater Manchester, with residents relocating to new jobs.[70] The table below detailspopulation changes since 1801, including the percentage change since the last census.

Population growth in Sale since 1801Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Population 819 901 1,049 1,104 1,309 1,720 3,031 5,573 7,916 9,644 12,088 15,044 16,329 28,071 38,911 43,168 51,336 55,749 57,824 56,052 55,234 % change +10.0 +16.4 +5.2 +18.6 +31.4 +76.2 +83.9 +42.0 +21.8 +25.3 +19.6 +8.5 +71.6 +38.6 +10.9 +18.9 +8.6 +4.4 3.1 1.5

Source: A Vision of Britain through Time (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&add=N)[27][69][71]

EconomyDuring the medieval period, most of the land was used for growing crops and raising livestocksuch as cattle.[74] The produce from arable farming would have been sufficient to support the localpopulation, but the cattle would have been sold to the ruling classes.[75] Agriculture provided themain source of employment for Sale's residents until the mid-19th century. Industry was slow todevelop in the area, as in most of what would become Trafford. This was partly because of thereluctance to of the two main land owners in the area, the Stamfords and the de Traffords, toinvest.[76] Although weaving was common in Sale during the late 17th and early 18th century, by1851 only 4% of the population was employed in that industry.[77]

Along with the rest of the region, Sale's economy during the early-19th century was weak, a stateof affairs which persisted until the arrival of the railway in the middle of the century.[23] Despite the dominance of agriculture, there was a growing service industry;Sale and Ashton upon Mersey experienced a growth in numbers employed in retail and domestic services in the first half of the 19th century.[68] By 1901, less than 20%of Sale residents were employed in agriculture.[68] Employment was available in work houses for those who could not find work elsewhere. Sale was part of theAltrincham Union, which ran the nearest work house in Altrincham.[78]

The main shopping centre in Sale, the Square Shopping Centre, was constructed in the 1960s. Following the Trafford Centre'sopening in 1998, it was expected that the centre would suffer, but it has since prospered.[79] In 2003 the Square Shopping Centreunderwent a 7 million refurbishment, a major part of the redevelopment of Sale's town centre. It was sold for 40M in 2005, bywhich time the Square had experienced an increase in trade and demand for tenancy that had led to an increase of 70% in rentalincome.[80] The town's economy expanded to the extent that in 2007, at a time when the rest of south Manchester wasoversupplied with office space, Sale's available office and commercial space was at an all time low because of high demand.[81]

According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 1674 was 18.4% property and businessservices, 15.9% retail and wholesale, 11.1% manufacturing, 10.9% health and social work, 9.1% education, 7.8% transport andcommunications, 6.1% construction, 6.3% finance, 4.5% public administration, 3.8% hotels and restaurants, 0.7% energy andwater supply, 0.5% agriculture, 0.2% mining, and 4.7% other. Compared with national figures, the town had a relatively high

percentage of residents working in property, business services and finance. The town had a relatively low percentage working in agriculture, public administration, andmanufacturing.[82] The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 1674, 2.6% students were with jobs, 3.3% students without jobs, 4.9% looking afterhome or family, 5.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons.[72] The 2.4% unemployment rate of Sale was low compared withthe national rate of 3.3%.[73]

CultureLandmarks and attractions

Sale has three Grade II* listed buildings two churches (St. Martin and St. John the Divine) and Ashton New Hall and eighteen Grade II listed buildings.[83] Thecenotaph outside the town hall was designed by Ashton upon Mersey sculptor Arthur Sherwood Edwards and is a Grade II listed building.[83] It commemorates the400 men from Sale who died in the First World War and the 300 who died in the Second World War. The memorial consists of a statue of a mourning Saint George on



The artificial lake at Sale Water Parkhas been used for water sports since1980.

Sale Waterside with the entrance to the WatersideArts Centre on the left, the Robert Bolt Theatre inthe middle, and offices used by Trafford council onthe right.

top of a granite pedestal. Costing 600 (30 thousand as of 2015),[39] it was funded by public subscription and unveiled in May 1925 in front of a crowd of10,000.[84][85]

The oldest surviving building in Sale is Eyebrow Cottage.[86] Built around 1670, it was originally a yeoman farmhouse and is one of the earliest brick buildings in thearea. Its name is derived from the decorative brickwork above the windows. It was built in Cross Street, which at the time was a separate village from Sale.[19] Of thetwenty-one conservation areas in Trafford, two are in Sale: Ashton upon Mersey and Brogden Grove.[87]

A bronze bust of James Joule, the physicist who gave his name to the SI unit of energy, is in Worthington Park. Originally atower was to have been erected in his honour, but lack of donations led to the production of the bust as a substitute; it wasunveiled in 1905.[88] Joule moved to Sale in the 1870s for his health; he died at his home at 12 Wardle Road in 1889, and isburied in Brooklands Cemetery.[89]

The area has several parks and green spaces. Worthington Park, originally called Sale Park, was opened in 1900. It features abandstand, gardens, play areas, and a skate ramp and is maintained by Trafford Council and The Friends of Worthington Park.[90]Opened in 1939, Walton Park is in the southwest of the town and features a miniature railway.[36] Sale Water Park is an artificiallake, created from a 35-metre (115 ft) deep gravel pit left during the construction of the M60. It opened in 1980 and is a venue for water sports, fishing and birdwatching. The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife refuge, a Local Nature Reserve that provides a home for migratory birds.[91]

Events and venuesSituated next to the town hall, the Waterside Arts Centre houses a plaza, a library, the Robert Bolt Theatre, theLauriston Gallery, and the Corridor Gallery. The centre, which was opened in 2004, regularly hosts concerts,exhibitions and other community events. Performers have included comedian Lucy Porter, Midge Ure, FairportConvention, The Zombies and Sue Perkins.[92] In 2004, the centre received the British Urban RegenerationAssociation Award for its innovative use of space and for reinvigorating Sale town centre.[93]

Sale has a Gilbert and Sullivan society, formed in 1972, which performs at the Altrincham Garrick Playhouse. Thegroup is directed by Alistair Donkin, a former principal comic for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Members ofthe group have won several awards at The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival.[94] Sale Brass is a traditionalbrass band based in Sale, formed in about 1849 as the Stretford Temperance Band. Its first recorded performancewas at the 1849 opening of the railway between Manchester and Altrincham.[95]

SportsThe rugby union side Sale F.C. has been based in Sale since 1861 and at its present Heywood Road ground since 1905. One of the oldest rugby clubs in the world, its1865 Minute Book is the oldest existing book containing the rules of the game.[96] The professional Sale Sharks team was originally part of Sale F.C. but split from it in2003. Sale Sharks now play their matches at Salford City Stadium, although they retain the use of the Heywood Road ground for training and for the staging of homegames involving their reserve team, Sale Jets.[97] The town is also home to the Ashton upon Mersey and Trafford Metrovick rugby union clubs.[98][99]

Sale Harriers Manchester Athletics Club was formed in 1911, but is now based in nearby Wythenshawe. The club has produced successful athletes such as Olympic goldmedallist Darren Campbell[100][101] and Commonwealth Games gold medallist Diane Modahl,[102] both former residents of the town. Sale Sports Club encompassesSale Cricket Club, Sale Hockey Club, and Sale Lawn Tennis Club.[103] The Brooklands Sports Club is home to Brooklands Cricket Club, Brooklands ManchesterUniversity Hockey Club, and Brooklands Hulmeians Lacrosse Club. It also provides facilities for squash, tennis, and bowling. Sale United FC plays at Crossford Bridgeand was recognised as Trafford's Sports Club of the Year in 2004. Sale Golf Club and Ashton on Mersey Golf Club have courses on the outskirts of the town,[104][105]and a municipal pitch and putt is based at Woodheys Park.[106] Trafford Rowing Club has a boathouse beside the canal.[107] The Sale leisure centre has badminton andsquash courts, a gymnasium, and three swimming pools.[108] The Walton Park Sports Centre has a sports hall for activities such as 5-a-side football.[109] Tennis, crown-green bowls, golf putting, and football facilities are available at the town's parks. Sale Water Ski Club is based at Sale Water Park.

EducationSale's first school was built in 1667 and was used until the first half of the 18th century.[110] The second school in Sale was built some time in the 18th century, one ofabout 30 non-grammar schools founded in Cheshire around this time.[110] By 1831, there were two private schools with the children's parents paying fees for theireducation in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey.[111] At the same time, there were also four Sunday schools in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey, operated byvarious religious denominations, including Congregationalists, Methodists, and Unitarians. The first school-chapel built in Sale as part of a school was constructed byPrimitive Methodists in 1839, and still survives. The second school-chapel in the town was St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1866, and was replaced by thecurrent school in 1899.[112]

Trafford maintains a selective education system assessed by the Eleven Plus exam. Sale has one grammar school, two secondary modern schools and nineteen primaryschools. Sale Grammar School is a specialist school in science and the visual arts.[113] It consists of two parts, one for 1116 year olds and 900 pupils, and the other asixth form college with 300 students. The school was described in its 2006 Ofsted report as "outstanding with an outstanding sixth form".[114] Ashton on Mersey Schoolis a foundation secondary modern school and specialist sports college.[115] It has 1,300 pupils aged 1116 and 80 students in its sixth form. In its 2008 Ofsted report itwas rated "outstanding".[116] Sale High School, formerly Jeff Joseph Sale Moor Technology College, is a foundation secondary modern school for 1116 year olds andspecialist technology college.[117] It has 1,000 pupils and in its 2006 Ofsted report was rated as "satisfactory".[118] Manor High School provides secondary education topupils with special needs.[119] It has 140 students aged 1116 and 20 members of its sixth form and was rated as "good" in its 2007 Ofsted report.[120]



St Martin's Church in Ashton uponMersey is the oldest church in thetown.

Originally built in wood, Sale stationwas rebuilt in brick in the late 1870s.

ReligionSale is a diverse community with a synagogue and Christian churches of various denominations. The church buildings weremostly constructed in the late 19th or early 20th century in the wake of the population boom created by the arrival of the railwayin 1849,[121] although records show that the Church of St Martin in Ashton upon Mersey dates back to at least 1304.[122] Beforethe English Reformation, the inhabitants of Sale were predominantly Catholic, but afterwards were members of the Church ofEngland. Roman Catholics returned to the area in the 19th century in the form of Irish immigrants.[121] Two of the three GradeII* listed buildings in the town are churches. The Church of St Martin, which was probably originally an early 14th-centurytimber framed structure, was rebuilt in 1714 after the church had been destroyed in a storm.[123][124] The Church of St John theDivine was built in 1868, to the design of Alfred Waterhouse.[125] There are three Grade II listed churches in Sale: the Church ofSt Anne (http://www.stannesale.com/); the Church of St Mary Magdalene; and the Church of St Paul.[83]

As of the 2001 UK census, 78.0% of Sale residents reported themselves as Christian, 1.4% Muslim, 0.7% Hindu, 0.6% Jewish,0.2% Buddhist and 0.2% Sikh. A further 12.9% had no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion, and 5.9% did not state theirreligion.[126] Sale is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury,[127] and the Church of England Diocese of Chester.[128] Sale and District Synagogue is part ofUnited Synagogue under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of Britain, Jonathan Sacks.[129] The only mosque in Trafford is the Masjid-E-Noor in Old Trafford, three miles(5 km) away.[130]

TransportThe first turnpike road in the area was the latter-day A56 Chester Road between Manchester and Crossford Bridge (on the borderbetween Sale and Stretford). Turnpike trusts collected tolls from road users and used the proceeds to maintain the highway. Therewas a toll booth on the Sale side of Crossford Bridge. Another section of road between Altrincham and Crossford Bridge wasturnpiked in 1765.[131] The commencement of "swift packet" services on the newly opened Bridgewater Canal in 1776 madecommuting from Sale into Manchester both practical and convenient, with boats travelling at a relatively swift 10 mph(16 km/h).[132] However the arrival in 1849 of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway[25] sounded a death-knellfor both the canal packet services and turnpike trusts. Many trusts went into terminal decline, mirroring a national trend. By 1888almost all roads and highways were the responsibility of the local authority.[131] Sale's railway station, originally named SaleMoor,[25] was renamed to Sale in 1856.[133] Three years later Brooklands railway station was opened, followed in 1931 by theopening of Dane Road railway station along with the electrification of the entire line.[134] The line was renovated in the early1990s and is now part of the Metrolink.[134]

Following the completion of a tramway between Manchester and Stretford in 1901, the British Electric Traction Company applied to Parliament for an extension to Sale.The proposal was amended to continue the line further south, into Altrincham. The line through Sale was owned by Sale Urban District Council and leased to theManchester Corporation. Services to Sale commenced in 1907. A branch along Northenden Road from the line to Sale Moor was created in 1912. Sale Moor's line hadonly a single track which in 1925 resulted in a head-on collision between two tramcars, injuring eight passengers.[135] Bus services were first introduced to the area inthe 1920s, but became more widespread in the 1930s.[136] The buses did not suffer the drawback of being limited to tracks and were therefore more practical than thetram services, which from the 1930s went into decline. The tramlines along Northenden Road were removed between 1932 and 1934, and throughout Sale in the1940s.[135]

The Metrolink system connects Sale with other locations in Greater Manchester. Trams depart the town's three stations at least every 12 minutes between 07:00 and22:30 every day.[137] The nearest main line railway station is Navigation Road in Altrincham, from where trains run to Manchester Piccadilly, Stockport and Chester.Bus routes operated by various companies provide services to Manchester and to Altrincham.[138] The A56 road runs between Chester and North Yorkshire via Sale,Manchester, and Burnley,[2] and the M60 motorway which encircles Manchester can be accessed via junction 7, just to the north of Sale. The M56 and M62motorways are about 4 miles (6 km) away, and the M6 motorway, which runs between Warwickshire and Gretna, is about 7 miles (11 km) to the west. ManchesterAirport, the busiest airport in the UK outside the London area,[139] is 4 miles (6 km) to the south.

See alsoList of people from TraffordManchester Mummy

ReferencesNotes

1. "Greater Manchester Gazetteer" (http://web.archive.org/web/20110718144349/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzs.htm). Greater Manchester County Record Office. Placesnames S. Archived from the original (http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzs.htm) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2008.

2. Swain (1987), p. 9.3. Nevell (1997), p. 20.4. Nevell (1992), pp. 59, 75.5. Swain (1987), p. 12.6. Dodgson (1970b), p. 4.7. Swain (1987), pp. 1213.



7. Swain (1987), pp. 1213.8. Redhead, Norman, in: Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner (2004), p. 18.9. Nevell (1997), pp. 32, 3839.

10. Swain (1987), p. 11.11. Swain (1987), p. 20.12. Swain (1987), p. 22.13. Nevell (2008), p. 61.14. Swain (1987), p. 27.15. Swain (1987), pp. 42, 44.16. Swain (1987), p. 44.17. Swain (1987), p. 47.18. Swain (1987), pp. 4445.19. Swain (1987), p. 40.20. Nevell (1997), p. 56.21. Swain (1987), pp. 5152.22. Swain (1987), pp. 6162.23. Swain (1987), p. 68.24. Swain (1987), p. 59.25. Nevell (1997), p. 97.26. Swain (1987), p. 85.27. Nevell (1997), p. 87.28. Swain (1987), p. 91.29. Swain (1987), p. 98.30. Swain (1987), p. 116.31. Swain (1987), p. 84.32. Swain (1987), p. 134.33. Swain (1987) p. 112.34. Swain (1987), pp. 119, 123.35. Swain (1987), p. 133.36. "Walton Park" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080107122513/http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/cme1829.htm?scheme_name=lgnl&scheme_category_id=461). Trafford.gov.uk.

Retrieved on 2 March 2014.37. Swain (1987), pp. 135136.38. The London Gazette: no. 23204. p. 24 (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23204/page/24). 1 January 1867. Retrieved on 12 August 2008.39. UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2014), "What Were the British Earnings and Prices Then? (New Series)

(http://www.measuringworth.org/ukearncpi/)" MeasuringWorth.40. Swain (1987), p. 119.41. Youngs (1991), pp. 6, 33, 64464642. "Charters for Two New Boroughs: Celebrations at Sale and Radcliffe". The Times. 23 September 1935. p. 15.43. "Our constitution" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/about-your-council/about-us/our-constitution.aspx). Trafford Council. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.44. "Wards in Trafford" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWards.asp). Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. 2007. Retrieved on 17 April 2007.45. "Ashton upon Mersey: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=6C9779DE-373F-4863-B38E-

5FF88D5B04A9&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012."Brooklands: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=626BE443-D6CA-42C2-AC33-570A3605E130&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012."Priory: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=6F1D0FA5-8E5E-4FDE-AA5B-F5D3B9C290C6&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012."Sale Moor: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=296D91B3-D04A-4650-A806-C3CD582B3B41&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012."St Mary's: Councillors in this Ward" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DemServWard.asp?ward_id=C96FA20B-E7A7-4E89-B309-C2E570690308&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 8 May 2012.

46. "Exploring Greater Manchester" (http://www.mangeogsoc.org.uk/egm/5_1.pdf) (PDF). Manchester Geographical Society. 1998. Retrieved on 6 May 2007.47. Nevell (1997), p. 1.48. Nevell (1997), p. 3.49. "Drinking water quality report" (http://web.archive.org/web/20080129135541/http://www.unitedutilities.com/external/waterquality/index.aspx?viewmode=summary&PC1=M33+3HF).

United Utilities. Archived from the original (http://www.unitedutilities.com/external/waterquality/index.aspx?viewmode=summary&PC1=M33+3HF) on 29 January 2008. Retrieved on26 December 2008.

50. "Manchester Airport 19712000 weather averages" (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/manchester_airport.html). Met Office. 2001. Retrieved 12 August2008.

51. Met Office (2007). "Annual England weather averages" (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html). Met Office. Retrieved 23 April 2007.52. "Brooklands Ward Profile" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=3B6804A6-9924-46FD-AF73-C80A72819945). Trafford Council.

2007. Retrieved on 30 June 2007.53. "Ashton-on-Mersey Ward Profile" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=877523D9-2EEF-41A7-BC4E-E50F346DD3DD) (PDF).

Trafford Council. 2007. Retrieved on 30 June 2007.54. "Sale Moor Ward Profile" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=FF97C56E-3D0A-4A0C-B528-A7E3007204B1) (PDF). Trafford

Council. 2007. Retrieved on 30 June 2007.55. Swain (1987), pp. 9193.



55. Swain (1987), pp. 9193.56. Swain (1987), p. 122.57. Swain (1987), pp. 124126.58. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).

ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS06 Ethnic group (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks06--ethnic-group.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

59. "Trafford Metropolitan Borough key statistics" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310453&enc=1). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 August 2008.

60. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS01 Usual resident population (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

61. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS04 Marital status (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks04--marital-status.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

62. "Trafford Metropolitan Borough marital status" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1238940917890&enc=1&dsFamilyId=83). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 April2009.

63. "KS20 Household composition: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081222123306/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8349&More=Y). Statistics.gov.uk. 2 February 2005. Retrieved on 2 March 2014."Trafford Metropolitan Borough household data" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310468&enc=1&dsFamilyId=165). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 5 August2008.

64. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS13 Qualifications and students (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks13--qualifications-and-students.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

65. "Sale social class" (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_SOC&data_cube=N_SOC_redist&u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&add=Y). Vision ofBritain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008."Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 1 and 2" (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_rate_page.jsp?u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_SOC&id=0). Vision ofBritain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008."Percentage of Working-Age Males in Class 4 and 5" (http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_rate_page.jsp?u_id=10027550&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_SOC&id=2). Vision ofBritain. Retrieved on 1 August 2008.

66. Nevell (1997), p. 59.67. Nevell (1997), p. 85.68. Nevell (1997), p. 86.69. Swain (1987), p. 139.70. "Trafford Metropolitan Borough key statistics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110527132527/http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/Products/BVIR/9AC95DA0-C6A1-4b9b-9A0D-

D305DE72FFC8/ManchesterSalford.pdf) (PDF). audit-commission.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.71. "Greater Manchester Urban Area" (http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp). United Kingdom Census 1991. Retrieved on 30 October 2008.72. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).

ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS09a Economic activity all people (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks09a--economic-activity---all-people.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

73. "Trafford Local Authority economic activity" (http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1196696953015&enc=1&dsFamilyId=107). Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 3 November2007.

74. Swain (1987), p. 15.75. Swain (1987), pp. 14, 16.76. Nevell (1997), pp. 8586, 8891.77. Nevell (1997), pp. 8990.78. Swain (1987), p. 61.79. " 'Bright future' for town centre" (http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/408906_bright_future_for_town_centre). Manchester Evening News (M.E.N. Media). 25

September 2002. Retrieved 28 August 2008.80. Thame, David (22 November 2005). "Sale shops fetch 40m" (http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/184679_sale_shops_fetch_40m_.html). Manchester Evening News

(M.E.N. Media). Retrieved 20 August 2008.81. "Sale's sales boom" (http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1024971_sales_sales_boom). Manchester Evening News (M.E.N. Media). 20 November 2007. Retrieved

23 August 2008.82. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).

ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS11a Industry of employment all people (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks11a--industry-of-employment---all-people.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

83. "Planning and building control: listed buildings" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/Download.asp?c=docman2&f=pdf&id=5AD074D0-A2CF-4964-8188-E2333AA27652)(PDF). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 31 July 2008.

84. Wyke (2004), pp. 393394.85. Hulme, Charles. "James Prescott Joule: Worthington Park, Sale" (http://www.johncassidy.org.uk/joule.html). Retrieved 15 February 2010.86. Nevell (1997), pp. 2, 778.87. "Conservation Areas in Trafford" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/environmentandplanning/planning/conservationareas/conservationareasintrafford/). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on

23 March 2012.88. Wyke (2004), p. 394.



88. Wyke (2004), p. 394.89. Swain (1987), p. 96.90. "Worthington Park" (http://web.archive.org/web/20080207083345/http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001154/). GreenFlagAward.org.uk. Archived from the original

(http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001154/) on 7 February 2008. Retrieved on 24 December 2008.91. "Broad Ees Dole" (http://www.merseyvalley.org.uk/site/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=72). Mersey Valley Countryside Warden Service. Retrieved on 27 April

2007.92. "Take a trip to Sale Waterside" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080107122513/http://www.trafford.gov.uk/news/issues/76/articles/sale_waterside.asp). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2

March 2014.93. "Economic regeneration: Trafford Metropolitan Borough" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716115108/http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/Products/BVIR/F589FE32-CE15-426f-

A871-D72E6B53F297/TraffordMBCEconomicRegeneration21July2005REP.pdf) (PDF). Audit Commission. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.94. "Sale Gilbert and Sullivan Society" (http://www.salegass.org.uk/). SaleGASS.org.uk. Retrieved on 11 June 2007.95. "Sale Brass" (http://www.salebrass.co.uk/about/history.html). salebrass.co.uk. Retrieved on 28 March 2008.96. "Sale F.C." (http://www.salefc.com). Sale F.C. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.97. John Gardiner. "Sale FC history" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927141644/http://www.salefc.com/history.htm). Salefc.com. Retrieved on 2 arch 2014.98. "Ashton-on-Mersey RUFC contact details" (http://www.ashton-on-merseyrufc.co.uk/ContactUs.htm). Ashton-on-MerseyRUFC.co.uk. Retrieved on 28 August 2008.99. "A brief history of Trafford MV" (http://www.traffordmv.co.uk/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=4&Itemid=26). TraffordMV.co.uk. Retrieved on 7 May

2007.100. Rowbottom, Mike (7 August 2006). "An email conversatiom with Darren Campbell: 'Athletics mattered to me almost more than life itself' "

(http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/an-email-conversatiom-with-darren-campbell-athletics-mattered-to-me-almost-more-than-life-itself-410854.html). The Independent(London). Retrieved 5 August 2008.

101. "About Darren Campbell" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071020010201/http://www.nuff-respect.co.uk/clients_darren.htm). Nuff Respect Sport Managements Agency Online. 2007.Retrieved on 2 March 2014.

102. "Modahl gives BAF ultimatum" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/157362.stm). BBC News. 24 August 1998. Retrieved 5 August 2008.103. "Sale Sports Club" (http://www.salesportsclub.com/cricket/). Sale Sports Club. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.104. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Sale Golf Club" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/communitygroups/Organisation.aspx?GroupID=208). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 28 December

2008.105. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Ashton-on-Mersey Golf Club" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/communitygroups/Organisation.aspx?GroupID=349). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on

28 December 2008.106. "Woodheys park pitch and putt" (http://www.fowp.org/). Friends of Woodheys Park. Retrieved on 26 April 2008.107. "Welcome to Trafford Rowing Club" (http://www.traffordrc.org/). Trafford Rowing Club. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.108. "Sale Leisure Centre" (http://www.traffordleisure.co.uk/centres/sale/). Trafford Community Leisure Trust. Retrieved on 28 February 2014.109. "Walton Park Sports Centre" (http://www.traffordleisure.co.uk/centres/walton/). Trafford Community Leisure Trust. Retrieved on 28 February 2014.110. Swain (1987), pp. 6971.111. Swain (1987), p. 71.112. Swain (1987), p. 74.113. "Sale Grammar School" (http://trafford.childrensservicedirectory.org.uk/kb5/trafford/fsd/organisation.page?record=u3qEh33qTpg). Trafford Family Service Directory. Trafford Council.

Retrieved on 2 March 2014.114. "Sale Grammar School 2006 Ofsted Report" (http://issuu.com/salegrammarschool/docs/sale_grammar_ofsted_report?e=1081094/2860978) (PDF). Sale Grammar School. 22 November

2006. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.115. "Ashton upon Mersey School" (http://www.aomschool.co.uk/). Ashton upon Mersey School. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.116. "Ashton on Mersey School 2008 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/103465). ofsted.gov.uk. 3 December 2008. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.117. "Sale High School" (http://www.salehighschool.co.uk/). Sale High School. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.118. "Sale High School 2006 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/73112). ofsted.gov.uk. 23 December 2006. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.119. "Manor High School" (https://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/admissions/schooldetails.asp?DFESID=358-7008). Trafford Council. Retrieved on 2 May 2007.120. "Manor High School 2007 Ofsted Report" (http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/96611). ofsted.gov.uk. 30 May 2008. Retrieved on 26 December 2008.121. Swain (1987), p. 76.122. Nevell (1997), p. 28.123. "Church of Martin, Sale" (http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=212919). Images of England. Retrieved on 23 February 2008.124. Richards (1947), pp. 2224.125. "Church of John the Divine, Sale" (http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=436249). Images of England. Retrieved on 23 March 2008.126. "Census 2001 Key Statistics Urban area results by population size of urban area" (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152).

ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS07 Religion (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks07--religion.xls) . Retrieved 5 August 2008.

127. "Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury" (http://www.dioceseofshrewsbury.org). DioceseofShrewsbury.org. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.128. "The Church of England Diocese of Chester" (http://web.archive.org/web/20080205054529/http://www.chester.anglican.org/diocese/links/index.htm). Chester.Anglican.org. Archived

from the original (http://www.chester.anglican.org/diocese/links/index.htm) on 5 February 2008. Retrieved on 11 April 2009.129. "List of United Synagogues across the UK" (http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/326_united_synagogues.htm). somethingjewish.co.uk. 7 September 2003. Retrieved on

14 August 2008.130. "Trafford community groups search" (http://www.trafford.gov.uk/communitygroups/Search.aspx?q=mosque). Trafford.gov.uk. Retrieved on 12 August 2008.131. Nevell (1997), pp. 9697.132. Swain (1987), p. 46.133. Swain (1987), p. 89.134. Nevell (1997), p. 100.135. Swain (1987), pp. 119120.136. Swain (1987), pp. 129130.



BibliographyDodgson, J. McN. (1970b). The place-names of Cheshire. Part two: The place-names of Bucklow Hundred and Northwich Hundred. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07914-4.Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde and Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire : Manchester and the South-East. The buildings of England. New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale UniversityPress. ISBN 0-300-10583-5.Kenyon, D (1989). "Notes on Lancashire Place-Names 2, The Later Names". The English Place-Name Society Journal 21: 2353.Nevell, Mike (1992). Tameside Before 1066. Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1-871324-07-6.Nevell, Mike (1997). The Archaeology of Trafford. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. ISBN 1-870695-25-9.Nevell, Mike (2008). Manchester: the Hidden History. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4704-9.Richards, Raymond (1947). Old Cheshire Churches. London: Batsford.Swain, Norman (1987). A History of Sale from earliest times to the present day. Wilmslow: Sigma Press. ISBN 1-85058-086-3.Wyke, Terry; Harry Cocks (2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-567-8.Youngs, Frederic A., Jr. (1991). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol. II: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-127-0.

External links Media related to Sale, Greater Manchester at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sale,_Greater_Manchester&oldid=655818143"

Categories: Sale, Greater Manchester Towns in Greater Manchester Geography of Trafford Post towns in the M postcode area

This page was last modified on 10 April 2015, at 11:23.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use andPrivacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

136. Swain (1987), pp. 129130.137. "Tram Times" (http://www.metrolink.co.uk/tramtimes/Pages/Sale.aspx). Metrolink. Retrieved on 28 February 2014.138. "Rail map for Liverpool and Manchester" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140829/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/system/galleries/download/print_maps/liverpool.pdf) (PDF).

National Rail. Retrieved on 2 March 2014.139. Wilson, James (26 April 2007). "A busy hub of connectivity". Financial Times FT report doing business in Manchester and the NorthWest (The Financial Times Limited).

sale

Documents