sains tips

7/31/2019 Sains Tips

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1. INSTRUCTIONS

1.1 Teachers should explain the suggested techniques on how to answer questions

to the pupils.

1.2 Ensure that pupils can identify the Master Keys which are the manipulated

variables or what to change (MV / wtc) and the responding variables or what to

observe (RV / wto). Clarify about the fixed variables or what to keep the same

(RV) too.

1.3 Pupils should be exposed to the method of identifying parameters and patterns of

(MV / wtc) and (RV / wto)

1.4 Enable pupils to write (MV / wtc) and (RV / wto) in the master key diagram found

in the questions.

1.5 Teachers can use the time frame suggested in the module table.

1.6 Discuss the answers and correct the mistakes. The result can be filled in the

assessment form.

2. INTRODUCTION

In answering science questions, pupils are normally confused and not clear about the

Science Process Skills terminology. To make it easier, we teachers, should come to

an agreement where the usage of the correct methods and techniques are essential.

The following suggestions could be helpful for several Science Process Skills.

2.1 Manipulate variable (MV) / What to change (wtc) :

Things which are being changed during the experiment.

Question : 1. Based on the investigation, state what to change.

Answering format : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations

Answer : 1. Amount of sunlight.

2.2 Respond variable (RV) / What to observe (wto) :

Things which are being observed, measured or recorded during and after theexperiment

Question : 1. State what to observe in this experiment.

Answering format : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations.

Answers : 1. Height of the plants.

2. Size of the rabbits.



2.3 Constant / Fix variable (FV) / What to keep the same (wts) :

Things which are being kept the same before, during and after the experiment.

Question : 1. State what is kept the same in this experiment.

Answering format : 1. (Parameter) + objects / materials / situations.

Answers : 1. Type of the plant. / Place of experiment. / Amount of water.

2.4 Hypothesis / Relationship

Suggested statements that explain the relationship between the (MV / wtc) and

(RV / wto) which are not being verified by an experiment .

Questions : 1. What is the hypothesis of this experiment?

2. State one hypothesis based on this investigation?

Answering format : 1. As / If / When the (MV / wtc) increased / decreased, the

(RV / wto) increased / decreased.

2. The more / less the (MV / wtc), the more/ less the(RV / wto).

Answers : 1. As / If / When the amount of sunlight increases, the height

of the plant increases.

2. The more amount of food, the bigger the rabbit.

2.5 Aim:

Purpose of the investigation or things to find out.

Questions : 1. What is the aim / purpose of the investigation above?

2. What can you find out from this investigation

Answering format : 1. To investigate / find out the relationship between the (MV/

wtc) and (RV / wto).

2. To investigate / find out the effect of (MV / wtc)

on (RV / wto).

Answers : 1. To investigate / find out the relationship between the

amount of sunlight and height of the plants.

2. To investigate / find out the effect of the amount of sunlightand the height of the plants.

2.6 Predict:

The ability to forecast about what will happen based on the given data or prior

knowledge.



Questions : 1. Predict the length of the string if a 5 kg load is used.

2. What will happen to the plant if it is covered with

a black plastic?

Answers : 1. The length of spring…

2. The plant will die.

3. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data

given.

2.7 Trend

Questions : 1. State the trend / pattern of the height of the plant.

Answering format : 1. Increasing / Decreasing / Same

Answer : 1. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data

given.

2.8 Conclusion

Questions : 1. Write down a conclusion for the investigation above.

2. What can you learn from the investigation?

Answering format : 1. As / If / When the (MV / wtc) increased / decreased,

the (RV / wto) increased / decreased.

2. The more / less the (MV / wtc), the more / less the

(RV / wtc)

Answers : 1. As / If / When the amount of sunlight increases, the height

of the plant increases.

2. The more the amount of food, the bigger the rabbit.

3. *depends on the result of the investigation or from the data

given.



Conclusion that is based on irregular trend.

Examples

Questions : 1. Write down a conclusion for the investigation above.

2. What can you learn from the investigation?

Answering format :

1. The (RV / wto) is the highest when the (MV / wtc) is from … to …

Answer : 1. The number of chilli is the highest when the amount of fertilizer is

from 4 to 6 gram.

Number of chilli

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Amount of fertilizer / g



MV : Condition of place / Amount of sunlighty Keadaan tempat / Jumlah cahaya matahari

RV : Condition of plants / Growth of plants / Healthiness of plantsKeadaan tumbuhan / Tumbesaran tumbuhan / Kesuburan tumbuhan

1. The following information shows three plants of the same type that are placed indifferent location. The investigation takes about two weeks.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan tiga tumbuhan yang sama jenis dan diletakkan di tempat yang berbeza. Penyiasatan dijalankan selama dua minggu.

Plant J : in a dark place.Tumbuhan J : di tempat gelapPlant K : in a shady place.Tumbuhan K : di tempat teduhPlant L : in a bright place.Tumbuhan L : di tempat terang

The results are recorded in the table below.Keputusan direkodkan seperti dalam jadual di bawah.

Table 1(a). State the aim of the investigation.

Nyatakan tujuan penyiasatan ini.

To investigate the relatrionship between ____________________________________

and _________________________________________________________________

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara _________________________________________

dan _________________________________________________________________

(b). In this investigation state,Dalam penyiasatan ini nyatakan,

PlantTumbuhan

Condition of placeKeadaan tempat

Condition of plantsKeadaan tumbuhan

JDark

GelapDeadMati

KShadyTeduh

WiltedLayu

LBright

Terang HealthySegar



(i). what is changed : ______________________________________________ dimanipulasikan

(ii). what is observed : _______________________________________________ bergerak balas

MV : Type of plantJenis tumbuhan / pokok

RV : Condition of the plant Keadaan tumbuhan / pokok

2. Diagram 1 shows two plants, M and N which are put in one place. Both plants are notgiven water for a week.Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua tumbuhan, M dan N yang diletakkan di satu tempat.Kedua-duanya tidak disiram air selama seminggu.

Diagram 1

(a). In this experiment, state the things that;Dalam eksperimen ini, nyatakan pembolehubah berikut :

i. is changed : ____________________________________________

dimanipulasikan

ii. is observed : ____________________________________________ bergerak balas

iii. is kept the same : ____________________________________________ dimalarkan

MV : Time / Day (Increases) Masa / Hari (Bertambah)

Plant MTumbuhan M

Plant NTumbuhan N



RV : Number of pupils having (increases) Bilangan murid menghidap selsema (Bertambah)

3. In a study about the number of pupils who have flu, a group of pupils gatheredinformation in the table below.Dalam satu kajian tentang bilangan murid yang menghidap selsema, sekumpulan murid

mengumpul maklumat seperti di bawah.

DayHari

Number of pupils having fluBilangan murid menghidap selsema

MondayIsnin

2

TuesdaySelasa

4

WednesdayRabu

6

Thursdayflu Khamis

FridayJumaat

10

Table 2

(a). State the pattern of the change in the number of pupils who have flu.Nyatakan pola perubahan bilangan murid yang menghidap selsema.

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) Predict the number of pupils having flu on Thursday.Ramalkan bilangan murid menghidap selsema pada hari Khamis.

_____________________________________________________________________

(c). In this investigation, state what isDalam penyiasatan ini, nyatakan apakah

i. changed : ____________________________________________ dimanipulasikan

ii. observed : ___________________________________________ bergerak balas

(d). What conclusion can be made from the study above? Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada kajian di atas?

When the ____________________ increases / decreases, the __________________

_____________________________increases / decreases

Apabila __________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ____________________



____________________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

MV : Time / Year (Increases) Masa / Tahun (Bertambah)

RV : Number of patients (decreases) Bilangan pesakit (Berkurang)

4. In a study about chicken pox, a group of pupils gathered information in the bar chartbelow.Dalam satu kajian tentang demam campak, sekumpulan murid mengumpul maklumat seperti dalam carta bar di bawah.

Number of patientsBilangan pesakit

100 –90 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –

20 –10 –

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Tahun

Diagram 2

(a). Name the thing that isNamakan benda yang i. changed : _________________________________________________

dimanipulasikan

ii. observed : _________________________________________________ bergerak balas

(b). Based on the information gathered, write one statement relating the two things in (a).Berdasarkan maklumat yang didapati, tulis satu kenyataan berhubung dua perkaradalam (a).

If the ___________________ increases / decreases, the _______________________

_____________________________ increases / decreases.



Jika ____________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ____________________

______________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

(c). Based on the bar chart, state the pattern of the change in the number of patients.Berdasarkan carta bar. Nyatakan corak perubahan bilangan pesakit.

_____________________________________________________________________

MV : Time / Year (Increases) Masa / Tahun (Bertambah)

RV : Number of tiger (Decreases) Bilangan harimau (Berkurang)

5. The following table shows the number of tigers found in a jungle.Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bilangan harimau yang dijumpai dalam sebuah hutan.

Year Tahun 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Number of tiger Bilangan harimau 26 22 18 14

Table 3

(a). What is the aim of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?

To investigate the relationship between the ______________________________ and the __________________________________________________________________

Untuk menyiasat hubungan antara _____________________________________ dan

_____________________________________________________________________

(b). Based on the investigation, state the following that is:Berdasarkan penyiasatan ini, nyatakan maklumat berikut:

i. changed ( manipulated variable):dimanipulasikan

_______________________________________________________________

ii. measured (responding variable):

bergerak balas _______________________________________________________________

(c). Predict the number of tigers in 2008?

Ramalkan bilangan harimau pada tahun 2008?

____________________________________________(Jawapan dalam bentuk angka)

(d). What can you conclude from the investigation?



Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat daripada penyiasatan ini?

When the ________________ increases / decreases, the ______________________

________________________ increases / decreases.

Apabila ___________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka ___________________

___________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

MV : The amount of water sprinkled on the bread (Increases) Jumlah air yang direnjis ke atas roti

RV : The number of mould spots on the bread (Increases) Bilangan tompok kulat di atas roti (Bertambah)

6. A group of pupils carried out an investigation on three pieces of bread of the same size.They sprinkled different amount of water on the bread as shown in Diagram 3.Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan ke atas tiga keping roti yang sama saiz.Mereka merenjis ke atas roti dengan jumlah air yang berbeza seperti yang ditunjukkandalam Raj ah 3 di bawah.

Bread K Bread L Bread M Roti K Roti L Roti M

Sprinkled with one Sprinkled with three Sprinkled with sixteaspoon of water teaspoon of water teaspoon of water Direnjis dengan Direnjis dengan Direnjis dengansatu sudu air tiga sudu air enam sudu air

Diagram 3

The condition of the bread after three days is shown in Table 4.Kedaan roti selepas tiga hari ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.

BreadRoti

K L M

Number of mould spotsBilangan tompokan kulat

3 6 15

Table 4

(a). In this investigation,Dalam penyiasatan ini,



i. what is changed : ________________________________________________ dimanipulasikan

ii. what is observed : ________________________________________________ bergerak balas

(b). What can you conclude from the investigation ? Apakah kesimpulan daripada penyiasatan ini ?

When the _____________________________________ increases / decreases, the

_____________________________________________ increases / decreases.

Apabila ______________________________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka

____________________________________________ bertambah / berkurang.

MV : Number of owls (Increases) Bilangan burung hantu (Bertambah)

RV : Number of rats (Decreases) Bilangan tikus (Berkurang)

7. Aimiliyana carried out an investigation to find out the relationship between sourcesof food and the number of consumers. The investigation involved rats and owlsin a paddy field. The investigation took 4 weeks.

Amiliyana menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mencari hubungan di antara sumber makanan dan bilangan pengguna.Penyiasatan ini melibatkan tikus dan burung hantu di kawasan sawah padi.Penyiasatan ini mengambil masa selama 4 minggu.

Diagram 4

The observations were recorded in the following table.Penyiasatan direkodkan dalam jadual di bawah.

WeekMinggu

1 2 3 4

Number of owlBilangan burung hantu

5 7 9 11

Number of ratBilangan tikus

35 28 22 17

Table 5

(a) State two things that are observed in the investigation.Nyatakan dua perkara yang diperhatikan dalam penyiasatan ini.



_____________________________________________________________________

(b) State the pattern of the change in the number of rat..Nyatakan corak perubahan pada bilangan tikus.

_____________________________________________________________________

(c). State the relationship between the things that you have mentioned in (a).Nyatakan hubungan di antara dua perkara yang telah kamu nyatakan di (a).

If the ______________________________ increases / decreases, the ____________

________________________________ increases / decreases.

Jika _______________________________ bertambah / berkurang, maka _________

___________________________________ bertambah / berkurang.(d) Predict the number of rat in week 5

Ramalkan bilangan tikus pada minggu kelima.

_____________________________________________________________________

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