saharah moon chapotin office of agricultural research & transformation bureau for food security...
TRANSCRIPT
Saharah Moon Chapotin
Office of Agricultural Research & Transformation
Bureau for Food Security
U.S. Agency for International Development
Global Food Security Research Strategy
Feed the Future Global Food Security Research Strategy
FTF Research Strategy aims to:
• Increase agricultural productivity and reduce environmental impact
• Improve markets, institutions and policies• Raise smallholder incomes and resilience• Increase availability of and access to
nutritious foods
Specific Objectives:
• Problem-focused agricultural research• Global & regional/country-level public
goods research• Adaptive research at country-level• Integrates biophysical sciences, social
sciences, policy research• Capacity building is underlying theme
Cross-cutting themes - to foster inclusive, sustainable agricultural productivity gains and improvements in child nutrition
• Resilience to climate change• Sustaining natural resource base• Gender awareness/inclusivity
Using poverty & nutrition lens, identify key production systems where hunger and poverty are significant…
Defining FTF Research Priorities
Sub-national poverty ca. 2005 (<$1.25/day)
Prevalence
Number
Source: Stan Wood et al. (IFPRI) 2009.
Source: USAID and IFPRI, using Harvest Choice maps
Child stunting
Dixon, 2001
Farming Systems
This process led to focus on:
What? Sustainable Intensification
Where? Agro-ecologies in Focus Countries• Spillovers to region
Who? Leveraging partnerships• US Universities• International Agriculture Research Centers• National Agriculture Research Systems• Private Sector
Implementing the Research Strategy:
• Building the research portfolio
• Identify and engage partners
• Link outputs to country-level programs & processes
Building a Research Portfolio
• Identify researchable constraints to production
• Establish criteria for selection of priorities• Build pipeline of short, medium, long term
impact• Manage risk with portfolio approach – fewer
high risk, more lower risk investments
Investment criteria
• Relevance to poverty, women and children and food security• Likelihood of success: Technical merit and pathways for adoption• Cost/Benefit considerations• Economic sustainability for producers/adopters• Natural resources sustainability: water, soil, ecosystem and
climate change• Institutional sustainability and impact on capacity: engagement of
national and regional partners • Time Frame: timeline, milestones• Risks: potential impacts on vulnerable groups, environment or
breakdown in key pathways
Consultative Process
In collaboration with BIFAD, USDA, APLU
• January 2011 – Meeting at Purdue with research community
• May 2011 – Global e-consultation on research strategy
• June 21-23, 2011 – Forum for stakeholders in Washington, DC
FTF Research Themes
• Advancing the Productivity Frontier
• Transforming Key Production Systems
• Enhancing Nutrition and Food Safety
Advancing the Productivity Frontier• Overcoming major crop and livestock productivity
constraints: increase yields and incomes
• Breeding and genetics for major crops & livestock
• Livestock infectious diseases
• Aquaculture systems management
• Livestock feed improvements (availability/quality)
• Policies and partnerships for technology adoption
Increasing crop resilience to climate change
Abiotic stress tolerance research to address major emerging global challenges:
– Rising temperatures– Water availability– Climate variability– Population pressure– Resource use– Land availability
Methods: conventional breeding & advanced molecular approaches
Insect resistant cowpea in Nigeria
Sou
rce:
Chr
is R
ey,
Uni
vers
ity o
f th
e W
itwat
ersr
and,
Sou
th A
fric
a
Cassava Resistant to mosaic disease in E. Africa
Source: Larry Beach
Banana resistant to black sigatoka disease in E. Africa
Source: Larry Beachj
Insect resistant potato in S. Africa
Sou
rce:
Agr
icul
tura
l Res
earc
h C
ounc
il, S
. Afr
ica
Genetic Engineering of African Staple Crops: Solving production constraints that cannot be solved using conventional breeding
Capacity building in biosafety policy and regulatory science
• Building decision-making capacity on biotechnology
• Enhance capability of partners to develop fully functional biosafety systems– Necessary to evaluate new applications of biotechnology– Ensure that only safe products of biotechnology are
deployed, absence of biosafety framework precludes all adoption
– Includes tools and information to assess safety and make decisions on introduction of new products
• Necessary component of enabling policy environment for technology adoption– also seed laws and IPR
Enhanced Nutrition & Food Safety
• Grain legume productivityo Abiotic stress tolerance, nitrogen fixation, disease/pest
resistance, system integration
• Biofortification of staple crops• Reduce/eliminate mycotoxin contamination• Reduce post-harvest losses• Decision making and behavioral change for
improved nutrition• Improved policies for nutrition and food safety
Transforming Key Production Systems
• Integrate global technology with site specific natural resource, social science, and market research
• Link global research partners with regional & national• Integrate research with development interventions
Rice-Wheat system of South Asia East Africa highlands system Southern & East African maize-based systems West African Sudano-Sahelian systems
rea
South Asia Sub-Saharan AfricaYield Yield
Are
a
Sustainable intensification – more with less
Cereal Systems in the Indo-gangetic Plains
• Home to 900M people (1/7 world population)
• Dominated by rice-wheat, rice-rice, rice cotton systems
• Breadbasket of S. Asia
• Key constraints
o Water availability
o Labor Shortages
o Soil erosion/nutrient depletion
o Available land
o Climate change
Source: IRRI
Intensifying production in South Asian cereal systems
• Retention of Crop Residues
• Minimal/zero Tillage of Soil
• Innovative Cropping Systems
• Mechanization
• Improved Varieties
• Better Policies
Target Interventions Outcomes
• Reduced erosion / run-off
• Improved water and nutrient use efficiency & soil health
• New crops in rotations
• Reduced labor costs
• Climate change adaptation
• Improved total factor productivity (not just yield!)
Capacity Building at All Levels
• Agricultural education, extension, training, policies and research
• Capacity of smallholders to use new scientific innovations and technologies
• Integrate capacity development and research investments for maximum impact and sustainability
• Capacity needs for monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
Global Research Partners
• US Universities– Collaborative Research Support Programs and other
collaborations– Other Competitive Grants Programs (USDA/NIFA, NSF
BREAD, etc.)
• CGIAR• NARS partners in Focus Countries• Private sector companies and institutions• USDA/USAID Norman Borlaug Commemorative
Research Initiative
Linking research outcomes to end-users
• USAID Mission country-level programs – Bring innovations to farmers– Enhance market access (infrastructure, information
systems)– Engage governments (national and local) to adopt and
implement enabling policies– Improve local capacity for research, policy making
• USAID/Washington centrally-funded programs– Building research capacity – Developing global extension platform
www.feedthefuture.gov
Feed the Future the U.S. government’s
global hunger and food security initiative