Safety of female students on campus

Context:

The incident of BHY girl s eve teasing and groping on campus regularly.

Even after several complaints, the administration did not take any action

against the miscreants.

To make their voices heard the girls protested and were baton charge by

police. The shivering incident injured several innocent young girls.

Steps to take Rights for female students on campus:

1) Furnishing details of ladies hostels;

The college authorities to inform the nearest police station about location

of the hosted and request the Sub Inspector to visit the college often.

2) Women committees:

Every University should maintain women committee for take care if women

issues on campus.

3) Women grievance cell:

To address the complaints filed by girls and lady faculty, the women cell

itself looks after these issues and encourages the student to lodge

complaint fearlessly.

4) Discrimination:

In hostel timings for boys and girls should end, not only in hostels in Delhi

but entire country, National policy should be drafted on the same.

5) Fee disparity should end in girls hostels in the country.

6) Police should ensure security of girls on campus and hostels.

7) University or college administration should be made accountable for any

mishap or harassment of girls on campus or college.

8) Remove the rules of dress codes in Universities.

Corruption in India

Corruption in India is an issue that adversely affects the country s economy

and the credibility of central, state and local government agencies.

According to 2016 results of the corruption perceptions index of

transparency international India ranks in 79th

place out of 176 countries.

Contributes to Corruption:

The largest contributes to corruption are entitlement programs of social

spending schemes enacted by the Indian government examples includes

the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and the

National health mission.

Other areas of corruptions include India s trucking industry which is forced

to pay billions of rupees in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and

police stops on interstate highways.

The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulatoions.

i) Complicated tax and licensing system.

ii) Numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracy.

iii) Discretionary powers.

iv) Monopoly of government controlled institutions on certain goods and

service delivery.

v) Lack of transparent laws and processes.

1) Corruption in Politics:

Corruption in India is problem that has serious implications for protecting

the rule of law and ensuring access to justice.

Many politicians were accused of various crimes under India s First

Information Report procedure.

Ex: i) 2G Spectrum scam (2.17 lakh crores)

ii) 2010 Common Wealth Games scam (2,70,000 Crores)

iii) Adarsh Housing Society scam

iv) Coal mining scam (1.86 lack crores)

vi) Cash for Vote scams.

2) Bureaucracy:

In India found that more than 92% of the people had firsthand experience

of paying bribes or peddling influence to get services performed in a public

office.

3) Land and property:

Official are alleged to steal state property.

In cities and villages throughout India groups of municipal and other

government officials elected politicians, judicial officers, real estate

developers and law enforcement officials, acquire, develop and sell land in

illegal ways.

Apart from this slum dwellers who are allocated houses under several

housing schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana an Rajiv

Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri, Awas Yojana etc, rent out these houses to

others.

The earn money due to severe unemployment and lack of study source of

income.

4) Tendering process and Awarding contracts:

Corruption in government funded projects is big concern.

The World Bank study finds that the public distribution programs and social

spending contracts have proven to be a waste due to corruption. Ex:

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

This welfare scheme was widely criticized as no more effective than other

poverty reduction program in India.

5) Hospitals and Health care:

In government hospitals, corruption is associated with non-

availability/duplication of medicine obtaining admission, consultations with

doctors and receiving diagnostic services.

National rural health mission is another health care related program that

has been subjected to large scale corruption alignments.

6) Science and Technology:

CSIR the council of Scientists and Industrial Research has been flagged on

going effects to root out corruption in India.

7) Income tax department:

There have been several cased of collusion involving officials of the income

tax department of India for preferential tax treatment and relaxed

prosecutions in exchange for bribes.

8) Driver licensing:

A study found that India s driver licensing procedure was a highly distorted

bureaucratic process.

And allow drivers to be licensed despite the low driving ability through

promoting the usage of agents.

9) Black Money:

Black Money refers to money that is not fully or legitimately the property of

the owner.

A government white paper on black money in India suggests two possible

sources of black money in India.

1) The first includes activities not permitted by such as.

a) Crime

b) Drug trade

c) Terrorism

d) Corruption

2) The Secondary:

Wealth that may have been generated through lawful activity but

accumulated failure to declare income and pay taxes.

Some of this black money ends up in illicit financial flow across

international borders such as deposits in tax heaven countries.

Business and Corruption:

Public servants have very wide discretionary powers offering the

opportunity to export undue payments from companies ordinary citizens.

Judiciary

According to transparency international, Judicial corruption in India is

attributable to factors such as,

1) Delay in the disposal of cases.

2) Shortage of Judges and complex procedures.

All of which are exacerbated by a preponderance of new laws.

Anti-Corruption efforts;

1) Right to Information Act:

The 2005 Right to Information Act required government officials of provide

information requested by citizens.

As well as the computerization of services and the establishment of

vigilance commissions.

This considerably reduced corruption and opened up avenues to redress

grievance.

2) Right to Public services, Legislation:

Right Public services legislation is mounting to reduce corruption among

the government officials and to increase transparency and public

accountability.

Anti-Corruption laws in India:

Public servants in Indian can be imprisoned for several years penalized for

corruption under.

a) Indian penal code 1860.

b) The prevention of corruption Act 1988.

c) The Benami transaction (Prohibition)Act 1988 to prohibit benami

transactions.

d) Prevention of money laundering Act 2002.

e) The lokpal and Loakayuktha Act,2013, the institutions of lokpal to

inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries

in India.

Whistle Blowers Protection Act.2011:

Which provides a mechanism to investigate alleged corruption and misuse

of power by public servants and also protect anyone who exposes alleged

wrong doing in government bodies?

A committee headed by the Chairman of Central board of Direct Taxes

(CBDT) has been constituted to examine ways to strengthen to curb

generation of black money in India.

The companies Act, 2013 contains certain provisions to regulate frauds by

co-operations including increased penalties for frauds.

Giving more powers to the Serious Fraud Investigation office.

And also provides for mandatory vigil mechanism which allow directors and

employees to report concerns and whistle blower protection mechanism

for every listed company.

Anti-Corruption Police and Courts:

The Directorate general of income tax investigation.

Central vigilance commission.

Central Bureaus of investigation.

All deals with anti-corruption initiatives.

Certain states such as Andhra Pradesh (Anti-corruption Bureau, AP) and

Karnataka (Lokayuktha) also have their own anti-corruption agencies and

courts.

Civic Anti-Corruption Organization:

A variety of organizations have been created in India to actively fight

against corrupt government and business practices notable organizations

are

Bharath Swabhiman trust: Established by Ramdev, has campaigned against

black money an corruption for a decade.

India against Corruption: Run by Arvind Kejriwal, Kiran Bedi, Anna Hazare.

Jaggore one billion voteres : It was an organization founded by TATA Tea and

Janaagraha to increase Youth registration and corruption.

Association for Social transparency Rights and Actions (ASTRA): It is an NGO

focused on grass root work to fight corruption in Karnataka.

Lok Satta Movement: By Jayaprakash Narayan.

Impact of Corruption:

1) Loss of Credibility:

High level corruption and scams are now threatening to derail the country s

credibility and economic boom.

2) Economic Loss:

Bureaucratic inefficiency also affects growth directly through misallocation

of investments in the economy.

Additionally corruption results in lower income growth for a given level of

income.

The lost opportunity caused by corruption in terms of investments growth

and jobs for India is over US is 50 billion per year.

Way forward:

The only thing that needs to be ensured is proper impartial and unbiased

use of various anti-social regulations to take strong, deterrent and timely

legal action against the offenders, irrespective of their political influence or

money power.

Firm and Strong steps are need to curb the menace and an atmosphere has

to created where the good patriotic intellectuals come forward to serve the

country with pride and honesty for the welfare of the people of India.

Carbon Emission in Tropics

Context: Tropics emit more carbon than they capture now.

Recently a new technology was introduced in measuring carbon density in

forests.

According to the research conducted, it showed tropics are emitting more

carbon than they captured and they are acting as carbon source rather than

carbon sink.

Tropics are the areas where there are many forest areas contributing as

carbon sinks. As deforestation in taking place there is an increase in the

levels of carbon and Greenhouse gases emitted.

Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) on its investigation on causes and

effects come out with deforestation as the cause.

If we have to control temperature from rising to dangerous levels we have

to reduce carbon emissions drastically and increase forests ability by

afforestation and reforestation.

Forests are the only technology which are of inexpensive, safe available and

give additional benefits.

18% of Greenhouse omission are due to deforestation (say WHRC)

Context: To tackle the Indian economy s woes (distress) create more

jobs.

Problems:

Economic growth decelerated to a 3 year low of 5.7% in June quarter of

2012-13.

Current account deficit hit a four-year high of 2.1% of GDP.

Industrial production grew by a meager (lack in quantity or quality) 1.2% in

July 2017 compare to earlier.

Investment demand growth has declined from 7.4% to 1.6%.

Solutions:

Short term measures for providing income relief.

1) Boost contribution activities in low cost housing and rural roads.

2) More expenditure under MGNERA.

3) NPAS in banking system should be eased.

As equality has been increasing fast, India is becoming one of the most

unequal societies in the world which can t be curbed by short term

measures.

Thus fundamental causes must be addressed and holistic treatment in

necessary.

Why are jobs not being created in the Indian economy?

As the lack of skills for decent jobs is one of the causes of slow growth in

employment an low skilled jobs, labor intensive, middle level jobs in MSME,

high level jobs in IT sector and cyber security create decent jobs for

generation of more jobs in Indian economy.

1) Requires growth of more enterprises who convert their labor into

income and incomes are sufficient they can save into financial assets

(bank deposits, bonds and stocks)

Note: Small and medium enterprises generate more jobs than large capital

intensive enterprises but we have not done enough to encourage this

segment.

2) Biggest opportunity for generating more jobs in manufacturing lies in

exporting simpler consumer goods to world market, an area which China

has long dominated.

3) Modernization of industries involve shift away from labor intensity, but

if it allow an increase in scale of operations, total jobs could increase.

4) Rather than looking for secure ways employment, exploring

entrepreneurship through startups create more jobs.

Way forward:

Indian economy is facing two diseases in combination, a laissez faire

approach to industrial and trade policies since 1990 s and knotted-up

administration so system thinking is essential for stimulating sustainable

growth and effects of policies they become fixes that back fire as skilling

mission rush to demonetize and some free trade agreements etc.

Conclusion:

A whole of Government approach is required for co-ordinated

implementation at several levels at center in the states and on the ground

which will truly make it easier to do business in India.

Context: World Bank warns of learning crisis in education in countries

like India.

Underlining that schooling without learning is not just a wasted

development opportunity but also injustice to children worldwide.

World Bank group President Young Kim – This learning crisis in a moral and

economic crisis.

according to world development report 2018,

Learning to realize education promise – India ranks 2nd

after Malaysia in list

of 12 countries.

Where a 2nd

grade student couldn t read a single word of short text.

2nd

grade student couldn t perform two digit subtraction India tops the list

of 7 countries.

Millions of young students lots opportunity and lower wages in later life

because primary and secondary schools are failing to educate them to

succeed in life.

Without learning education will fail to deliver on its promise to eliminate

extreme poverty, conflict, gender or disability.

Even the average student in grade had a 50% chance of answering a grade 1

question correctly compared with about 40% in grade 2.

The report recommends concrete policy steps to help developing countries

resolve this dire learning crisis in areas of stronger learning assessments

and mobile strong social move to push for education changes that

champion Learning for All

What ails India s Public Health care?

India s health care suffers from quality, quantity, footprint, access and

affordability.

a) Quantity Problem;

India spends only about 1.5% of GDP on public health care. This allocation is

a fundamental problem that impacts infrastructure; supply of critical

equipment and consumables the number of hospitals and the retained staff

of doctors, specialists, nurse and assistants.

b) Quality Issue:

India suffers from an acute shortage of secondary and tertiary hospitals

shortfall in specialists and specialized equipment and a rigid regulatory

frame work combined with corrupt enforcement. All this leads to low

medical system in the country.

Also inadequate facular system from preventive health and primary care.

c) Foot print:

NITI Aayog has proposed for a complete repeal and replace of medical

council of India which is in charge of medical education and medical

professionals in the country. It has been accused as a bribe taking

organization for accreditation of medical colleges.

It is combined with an acute shortage of post graduate seats for medical

education where in MBBS doctors are not allowed to legally treat many of

the diseases.

d) Access and Affordability:

Primary health care centers (PHCs) which are supposed to feed medical

cases that require treatment to specialized hospitals are not present in

many villages, if present are under manned.

It is affecting not only the filtering of patients but also deeply impacts

prevention and early detection.

Solutions:

a) Government Initiatives:

It has taken an initiative for increasing the number of drugs under price

control by which all procedures and protocols fall under this umbrella.

While price central appears to be a solution in the short term in the long

term it keeps professional profit motivated players out and encourages

participants to create.

b) The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) combined with a new

medical commission which addresses the acute shortage of medical

professionals.

c) A clear cut finding model for payment of medical access is require that

caters to the urban and rural rich and poor and formal and informal

workers.

Funding models:

There are four models of payment.

a) Beveridge Model: Modeled on the general tax payer, payment

system of British National Health service.

b) Bismarck Model: Socially funded insurance schemes.

c) Nationally funded health insurance scheme.

d) Out of packet model.

In India three of the four systems (expect c) are present.

What ails India s Public health system (RSTV policy watch 287)

Reasons for poor public health system are

a) Un controlled population growth and increasing demand.

b) Not properly organized public health system.

Challenges:

a) Huge gap between demand and supply in terms of existing

paramedical staff and infrastructure in rural areas.

b) Lack of Health awareness in rural areas.

c) Spread of corporate hospital only in urban areas leaving rural areas in

distress.

Solutions:

1) The following good and innovative models in taking medical care to

rural areas. There are four things a patient needs consult prescription

drug and diagnosis. Ex: Boat clinic in Assam, Telemedicine in

Rajasthan.

2) Pumping in more money may incentivize the doctors to go and serve

in rural areas.

3) As per the mindset of rural people they delay the disease by taking

rest instead of consulting a doctor, this mindset should change.

Yamuna

Context: No lesson learnt: Immersion remains choke Yamuna again remnants of

idols, other plastic materials choke river after festivals end.

Yamuna River:

The Yamuna also known as the Jumma as a river in Bangladesh is known as

Jamuna. So it is changed into Yamuna.

It is the longest and the second largest tributary river of the Ganges (Ganga)

in Northern India.

It is the longest river in India which does not directly flow to the sea.

Important Tributaries:

Tons river, Yamuna s largest tributary.

Hindon river, originates in the Saharanpur district from Upper Shivalik in

lower Himalayan range.

Ken river, flows through Bunddkhond region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar

Pradesh, it originate near village Ahirgawan in Jabalpur district.

Chambal river, known as Charmanvati in ancient times is Yamuna s longest

tributary flow through Rajasthan and MP.

Sasur Khaderi river, known as Sasur Khaden is a tributary in Fatehpur

district.

Where is Yamuna?

Ghat on the Yamuna river at Mathura,UP, India.

Yamuna rises on the slopes of the Bandar punch massif in the great

Himalayas near Yamnadri (Jamnadri) in western Uttarkhand.

Why is the Yamuna river polluted?

The water of Yamuna is of reasonably good quality through to length from

Yamunotri in the Himlayan to Wazirabad in Delhi, about 375kms

The discharge of waste water through 15 drains between Wazirabad

barrage and Okhla barrage renders the river severely polluted after

Wazirabad.

Different sources of pollution in the Yamuna river:

Industrial effluents.

Domestic waste water.

Pollution from Agriculture.

Solid water and other sources.

Policies and Strategies to improve Yamuna water Quality:

Proper management and treatment of waster water: As waste water

discharges in rivers and destroy marine live; degrades the environment and

cause waste water and water borne diseases. So there is a need of proper

management and treatment to reduce or remove the wastage.

Conserve water and use its effectively: AS the rural and urban areas

depend on river so their should be proper water conservation and the

usage of paper should be effect and their should be no wastage of water.

Promote waste water treatment and technologies: Treatment techniques

and technologies should be supported by the government.

Drainage water management and treatment: Relic on the natural rainfall.

Recycling and reuse of waste water: As waste water can be recycled

through effective technologies and it can be reused for different purpose

such as irrigation, toilet flushing etc.

Improving the Sewerage system: By cleaning it properly and keeping no

blockage system

Agricultural practice improvement: Bu using limited amount of pesticides

and using required amount of water.

Awareness and knowledge among the people by rallies, posts, plays etc.

VVPAT

Context: EC informed the Supreme Court that it requires 70000 VVPAT.

VVPAT

Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail is a method which provides feedback to

voters that they voted for the planned candidates which they intended for

(sometimes voters intended to vote someone but votes another in

confusion. To solve this issue VVPAT are introduced)

To conduct elections free and fair.

It can be regarded as independent verification system.

It detects if any election fraud is occurred

It provides for record of votes, if any disputes over EVMs it can be used.

Need:

Supreme Court has asked the EC to use VVPAT in coming general elections

in 2019.

Supreme Court observed that VVPAT will sort out dispute if any occurred it

can be used for free and fair elections.

Advantages of VVPAT:

It is useful to maintain accuracy of votes.

It is a simple machine and it can be operated easily by voters as well as

polling officer/team.

It will run on batteries.

It is a way for witness, when recounting is necessary.

Transparency and free and fair elections can be achieved by using VVPAT.

Supreme Court s say:

In 2013, SC asked the EC to introduce paper trails in 2014 elections.

It believes that VVPAT system ensures transparency and confidence in

voters.

Challenges:

VVPAT are too costly to use them in the entire country at a time.

Polling officers must have entire knowledge on VVPAT, as they are the only

authority to guide people in polling booth.

Votes printed on rolls of papers in more difficult to count than standard

paper ballots.

Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)

1) The EVMs currently display the total number of votes polled, followed by

votes secured by the individual candidates.

2) In the VVPAT system, when a vote is cast, a slip will be printed showing the

name of the candidate, voter serial number and poll symbol.

3) Voter can see printout but not take it out. He can verify his vote was

registered correctly. The paper trail can be used during a recount.

Conclusion:

Right to vote is a constitutional Right; state should ensure that peoples vote

power should not be misused as it is a people s weapon in a democratic

country to elect their representatives.

EVMs are better but EVMs with VVPAT are best as they have much

transparency.

Core Banking in Hindi

Context: Banks have been asked to update data bases in Hindi and customers

should not be compelled to fill forms only in English.

The Home Ministry asked all banks of private and public sector to enable

core banking facility in Hindi.

What is Core Banking facility

A core banking system or facility is the software used to support a bank s

most common transactions in a common language.

Need for promoting Core Banking in Hindi

As per the official languages Act 1963 there was no provision for punitive

action for not using Hindi as official language for communication.

But the language could only be promoted through persuasion and

encouragement, crores of people speak Hindi and is necessary to promote

Hindi core banking facility in Hindi.

Recent recommendations of parliamentary standing committee included

the financial services in Hindi.

A mobile App Lila that would help people learns Hindi and the App has

dictionary with over four lakh words.

Software would help banks transact in Hindi which already developed by

Infosys.

Some banks in Gujarat and Maharashtra have done it ATMs already have a

Hindi option.

Service for Swacchtha (Swacch Bharat Abhiyan)

What is Swachhata HI Seva:

It is way of Shramadan for Swacchata for accelerating and giving fill up to

Swacch Bharat Abhiyan efforts to achieve an open defecation free and

clean India by October 2nd

, 2019.

Period between September 15th

to October 2nd

.

Need for the campaign:

The Swacch Bharat Abhiyan is presently at an inflexion point.

Now is the time for a momentum shift to make every on rededicate

themselves to the cause of cleanliness.

Implementation of process:

The President of India administered the Swacchata Hi Seva pledge to all

Indians on September 15th

.

People have come together and cleared public places like bus stands,

railway stations, parks, monuments and places of historical and cultural

importance.

All politicians, movie stars, sports personalities, corporates, artists and faith

leaders have offered Shramadan in different parts of urban and rural India.

School children and young people came out in large numbers and taken

Swacchata Pledge, held cleanliness drive, Swacchata rallies, written essays,

drawn paintings and short films.

Benefits of the Campaign:

It reinvigorated the spirit of Swacchata in every one heart.

It has made Swacch Bharat mission a true Jan Aandolan or mass movement

Recalling Lal Bahadur Shastri vision for prosperous, self-reliant India.

Lal Bahadur Shastri believed that the country could only progress

economically if planners had a celar concept of rural development in

context of growing unemployment.

He believed that rural economy should be given priority to flow youth into

cities looking for jobs.

Vocational education was key to this was his strong belief.

Making of new India should be aim and goal of everyone in 1964 he said in

the long run the economic condition of country will improve only if we plan

economy in scientific manner, agriculture and industry should get equally

importance along with industrial revolution green revolution and white

revolution will increase economic standard of people.

Efficiency of administration is important.

It was Shastri to constitute ARC.

Educational reforms were also need.

Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan is more relevant today.

Economic development and employment generation should be guiding

force in our planning for the future.