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Hole Watch Training

What is the Confined Space?

•Limited Openings

•Not designed for continuous occupancy

•Oxygen Deficiency

Hole Watch Training

•Confined Space Examples

•Vessels

•Tanks

•Exhaust Ducts

•Storage Bins

•Vats

•Trenches

•Sewers

Hole Watch Training

•Confined Space Hazards

• Hazardous Atmosphere

• Engulfing Material

• Heat Related Illness

• Falls

• Other Serious Health or Safety Hazard

Hole Watch Training

• Confined Space Hazards

Oxygen Deficiency

o Difficulty Breathing

o Ringing Ears

o Sleepy/Exhausted

o Lightheaded/Happy

Hole Watch Training

• Confined Space Hazards

Signs and Symptoms

• Toxic Chemicals

o Irritation

o Itching or Burning

o Nausea or Dizziness

o Difficulty Breathing

Hole Watch Training

Hole Watch Training

•The duty of the hole watch is to monitor the entrants and the physical conditions of a confined space and the surrounding area.

•The hole watch is stationed at the entrance to the confined space and he wears a red vest.

Hole Watch Training•The hole watch shall be in continuous, visual, audible or radio contact with the entrants at all times.•The hole watch shall attend the field safety meeting.

•The hole watch knows the hazards associated with the entry.•The hole watch should monitor the entrants for signs or symptoms associated with the hazards.

Hole Watch TrainingMonitor EntranceConfined Space safety depends on control at the point of entry/exit. • The hole watch shall track personnel entering and leaving the confined space. • He shall verify that the entrants record their entry/exit on the permit. • The hole watch will remain at the entrance as long as there are personnel in the confined space.

Hole Watch TrainingEmergency Notification

• The hole watch is responsible for the safety of the entrants.• The hole watch shall, when necessary initiate Emergency Response via his radio or an air horn. • The hole watch shall notify entrants to exit a confined space in the event of an emergency. • The hole watch shall notify entrants to exit a confined space in the event of a change in entry conditions. • He shall account for all entrants.

Hole Watch TrainingEntrance Management

• The Hole Watch is responsible to maintain control of the entrance to the confined space:• The hole watch shall not allow unauthorized personnel to enter a confined space. • The hole watch can only leave when he has been properly relieved or all entrants have exited the confined space. • The hole watch is responsible to hang "Do Not Enter" signs and entry barriers when the entry is complete or he is leaving the area and all entrants are out of the confined space.

CONFINED SPACE PERMIT

REQUIRED

Do not allow entry to confined spaces such as tanks, columns, vessels, boilers, furnaces or sewers unless all requirements of the Confined Space Entry General Instructions and the Job Safety Analysis are met.

Hole Watch Training

•Field Safety Meeting

•Special Permit Posted

•Entry Permit Posted

•Hole Watch Present

•Permit Conditions Met

•Rescue Plan in Place

WHEN PLANT ALARM SOUNDSWHEN PLANT ALARM SOUNDS

•Ensure all entrants are out of the confined space.

•Barricade entry and hang “Do Not Enter” tag.

•All non-essential personnel should report to the nearest safe assembly site specified on the map.

• Review your specific route to your safe assembly area when you are assigned to a work or job site.

• Observe wind direction and hazardous areas before reporting to your assembly area, use alternate route or site if necessary.

• Remain at your assembly area until notified of “All Clear” signal.

Hole Watch Training

In the event a hole watch must initiate an emergency response, he should:

•Sound the air horn

•Identify Himself

•State exact location

•Explain the type and size of problem

•Identify type of assistance needed

Hole Watch Training

Hole Watch Training

•The hole watch must never enter a confined space to assist an entrant.

•More than 60% of all confined space fatalities occurred when an unauthorized person rushed into a hazardous environment without protective equipment.

•Workers are not allowed to break the plane of an entry, unless all permit requirements have been met and a hole watch is on duty.

Safe Work Practices

Work permits must be obtained before beginning work within the facility.

* Designated Operations or Maintenance representatives approve permits.

* Permits are valid only for the length of time designated.

* Permits include specific safety conditions that must be followed.

* Special Work Permits require gas testing at least once per shift to insure safe working conditions.

* Permits will be suspended if conditions change or an emergency develops.

Hole Watch Training

Hole Watch TrainingConfined space entries require a red Special

Work permit and a green Entry permit.

•Permits must be valid and posted at the work location while any work is being performed.

•The hole watch, under the authority of the Entry Supervisor is responsible to enforce the conditions of the permit.

• Maintains Position at entrance• Monitors Conditions (inside and out)• Maintains Communication with

entrants• Attends Pre-entry Safety Meeting• Gives Evacuation Orders• Enforces conditions of the permit

Hole Watch Training

Review: A Hole Watch-

• Initiates EmergencyResponse call

• Performs Head Count• Signs Personnel In/Out • Affixes Do Not Enter Signs• Restricts Unauthorized Personnel• Monitors entrants for signs and

symptoms related to associated hazards

Hole Watch Training

Review: A Hole Watch-

SBG Fall Protection PolicyPurpose: To eliminate injuries caused by falls

•Required for all work above 1.8 meters Unless Scaffolding Erected Completely & green tagged.•Use a Full Body Harness•Lanyard attached to the back D-Ring on harness and a substantial object:

•Non-insulated Pipe > 2” in diameter•Structure or pipe support•NOT Conduit, Instrument Leads, Insulated Pipe, Sharp or Hot Surface

•Lifeline may be required for confined space entry.•Harness, lanyard and equipment should be inspected before and after each use.•DO NOT use damaged harnesses or lanyards.•Damaged harnesses or lanyards should be reported and given to supervision

Heat Related Illness- Happens when your body gets too hot.- Causes

High temperatures and humidity Too much exercise/work Not taking in enough water

- Symptoms Cramps Dizziness Headache Vomiting Unconsciousness

- Prevention Drink plenty of water. Take frequent breaks in the shade Wear loose clothing

If someone has heat related symptoms: CALL the SHARQ Medical Department at 4444.

Safety-First,

Last and Always

Excavations

Excavation Hazards

Cave-ins are the greatest risk

Other hazards include: Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen Inhalation of toxic materials Fire Moving machinery near the edge of the

excavation can cause a collapse Accidental severing of underground

utility lines

Injury and Death

• Excavating is one of the most hazardous construction operations

• Most accidents occur in trenches 5-15 feet deep

• There is usually no warning before a cave-in

Definitions• Excavation – a man-made cut, cavity, trench,

or depression formed by earth removal.• Trench – a narrow excavation. The depth is

greater than the width, but not wider than 15 feet.

• Shield - a structure able to withstand a cave-in and protect employees

• Shoring - a structure that supports the sides of an excavation and protects against cave-ins

• Sloping - a technique that employs a specific angle of incline on the sides of the excavation. The angle varies based on assessment of impacting site factors.

Focus of Training

• The greatest risk at an excavation

• How to protect employees from cave-ins

• Factors that pose a hazard to employees working in excavations

• The role of a competent person at an excavation site

Protection of Employees

Employees should be protected from cave-ins by using an adequately

designed protective system

Protective systems must be able to resist all expected loads to the system

Requirements for Protective Systems

A well-designed protective system Correct design of sloping and benching systems Correct design of support systems, shield

systems, and other protective systems

PlusAppropriate handling of materials and equipment

PlusAttention to correct installation and removal

Equals Protection of employees at excavations

Design of Protective Systems

The employer shall select and construct :• slopes and configurations of sloping and benching

systems• support systems, shield systems, and other

protective systems

• Shield - can be permanent or portable. Also known as trench box or trench shield.

• Shoring - such as metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides

• Sloping - form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation

Protect Employees Exposed to Potential Cave-ins

• Slope or bench the sides of the excavation,

• Support the sides of the excavation, or

• Place a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area

Cave-in Hazard

This excavation has inadequate support posts and egress access

Inadequate protective system

Inadequate Protective System

• This worker is in a trench with no protective system, that is not sloped or benched and has no means of egress

Factors Involved in Designing a Protective System

• Soil classification• Depth of cut• Water content of soil• Changes due to

weather and climate• Other operations in

the vicinity

Shoring

• General• Provides a framework to work in• Uses wales, cross braces and uprights• Supports excavation walls

• OSHA/HSE tables provide shoring data• Must know soil type• Must know depth and width of excavation• Must be familiar with the OSHA Tables

Trench Shield

A trench shield was built around this work area

Hydraulic Trench Support

• Using hydraulic jacks the operator can easily drop the system into the hole

• Once in place, hydraulic pressure is increased to keep the forms in place

• Trench pins are installed in case of hydraulic failure

Materials and Equipment• Equipment used for

protective systems must not have damage or defects that impair function.

• If equipment is damaged, the competent person must examine it to see if it is suitable for continued use.

• If not suitable, remove it from service until a professional engineer approves it for use.

Protection from Vehicles• Install barricades• Hand/mechanical signals• Stop logs• Grade soil away from

excavation• Fence or barricade

trenches left overnight

Hazardous Conditions

The weight and vibrations of the crane make this a very hazardous condition.

They should not be working under this crane.

Spoils• Don’t place spoils

within 2 feet from edge of excavation

• Measure from nearest part of the spoil to the excavation edge

• Place spoils so rainwater runs away from the excavation

• Place spoil well away from the excavation

Other Excavation HazardsWater accumulation

Oxygen deficiency

Toxic fumes

Access/Egress

Falls

Mobile equipment

Water is Hazardous

When water is present in an excavation it is extremely hazardous to enter

Note that these workers are not wearing hardhats to protect them from materials falling into the trench

Water = Cave-in Hazard

These workers must be protected from cave-in. Note the water in the bottom of the trench. This is a very hazardous condition!

Hazardous Atmosphere

Test excavations more than 4 feet before an employee enters the excavation for:

• Oxygen deficiency• High combustible

gas concentration• High levels of other

hazardous substances

Means of Egress

A stairway, ladder, or ramp must be present in excavations that are 4 or more feet deep, and within 25 feet of the employees

This ladder does not meet the requirements of the standard

The ladder should extend 3 feet above the excavation

Access and EgressThese two ladders These two ladders which are lashed which are lashed together are not an together are not an adequate means of adequate means of egressegress

The ladder should The ladder should extend 3 feet above extend 3 feet above the top of the the top of the excavationexcavation

Protection from Falls, Falling Loads, and Mobile Equipment

• Install barricades• Use hand / mechanical signals• Grade soil away from excavation• Fence or barricade trenches left

overnight• Use a flagger when signs, signals and

barricades are not enough protection

Competent Person

Must have had specific training in and be knowledgeable about:• Soils classification

• The use of protective systems

• The requirements of the standard

Must be capable of identifying hazards, and authorized to immediately eliminate hazards

Inspections of ExcavationsA competent person must make daily inspections of excavations, areas around them and protective systems: • Before work starts and as

needed,

• After rainstorms, high winds or other occurrence which may increase hazards, and

• When you can reasonably anticipate an employee will be exposed to hazards.

Inspections of Excavations

If the competent person finds evidence of a possible cave-in, indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres, or other hazardous conditions:

• Exposed employees must be removed from the hazardous area

• Employees may not return until the necessary precautions have been taken

Site Evaluation PlanningBefore beginning excavation: Evaluate soil conditions Construct protective

systems Test for low oxygen,

hazardous fumes and toxic gases

Provide safe in and out access

Contact utilities Determine the safety

equipment needed

Fissure

Summary• The greatest risk in an excavation is a

cave-in.

• Employees can be protected through sloping, shielding, and shoring the excavation.

• A competent person is responsible to inspect the excavation.

• Other excavation hazards include water accumulation, oxygen deficiency, toxic fumes, falls, and mobile equipment.