safety evaluation on blue trail range
DESCRIPTION
Final Draft Safety Evaluation Regarding Bullet Strikes Near Blue Trail Range in WallingfordTRANSCRIPT
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FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION
Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the George Washington Trail the Blue
Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
BY
Charles R Golden
AND
Clifford A Weise
Golden Weise and Associates LLC
FOR
The Town of Durham Connecticut
EVALUATION PERIOD
JUNE 252009 - MARCH 8 2010
CONTACT INFORMATION
GOLDEN WEISE AND ASSOCIATES LLC
91 BRANSCOMB ROAD
SUITE 10
GREEN COVE SPRINGS FLORIDA 32043-7222
OFFICE TELEPHONE 904-589-9779
ELECTRONIC MAIL officersgw-acom
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page
1 Cover Page
2 Table of Contents Page 1
3 Executive Summary and Findings Page 2-3
4 Guidelines Standards and Regulations Page 4
5 Review of the Vargas Safety Report July 2008 Page 4-6
6 Standard Range Safety Procedures Page 7-8
7 Technical Evaluation of Range Safety at Blue Trail Range Page 9-19
8 Conclusions Page 19-20
9 Glossary of Terms Page 21-23
10 Golden Weise and Associates Information Page 24
11 Enclosure 1 Standard Surface Danger Zone Page 25
12 Enclosure 2 - BTR Range 1 Page 26-31
13 Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32-38
14 Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39-44
15 Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 4 Page 45-56
16 Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Ranges Page 57-72
Page 1
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road
Executive Summary
Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety
review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford
Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports
filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where
bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that
the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford
Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and
Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet
strikes
GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety
procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then
make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate
procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include
visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations
consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing
allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the
ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would
prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested
through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range
ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not
specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did
determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of
Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well
This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe
Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and
may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone
approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The
information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as
delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association
hereinafter referred to as the NRA
The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark
Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut
Page 2
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the
findings and recommendations contained in this report
Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the
source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State
Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the
Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just
north of the Blue Trail Range
Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will
continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired
or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled
range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can
be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a
potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as
backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas
Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of
round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting
the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on
the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has
been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements
were instituted
Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the
round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is
redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the
Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of
the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the
need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club
We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the
Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside
downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept
Page 3
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Guidelines Standards and Regulations
There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of
shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with
specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA
uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish
criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are
Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet
63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al
Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~
as they provide the most comprehensive information a
marksmanship range planners and organizations The m
dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy
~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source
ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents
~ criteria currently used by military and civilian
Itary standard for the probability of hazardous
escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the
public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and
all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons
can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of
projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)
range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The
military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard
a given round of ammunition However none of the sci
fans) are effective unless there is someone available to
guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim
code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI
site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be
Association assumes no liability for information contain
lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am
Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran
that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req
catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI
Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1
A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted
Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)
In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas
range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u
bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~
~hen developing the escapement potential for
tifically calculated surface danger zones (range
I1force published range safety standards and
r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a
on listing general suggestions Each range is
nsidered in that light The National Rifle
j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger
rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA
Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article
rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet
~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the
tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas
Town of Durham Connecticut and a
~e follOWing comments are provided based on
ates Based on my professional review of the
Ikely to have been the launching point of the
astern side of the Tri-Mountain area
Page 4
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Page
1 Cover Page
2 Table of Contents Page 1
3 Executive Summary and Findings Page 2-3
4 Guidelines Standards and Regulations Page 4
5 Review of the Vargas Safety Report July 2008 Page 4-6
6 Standard Range Safety Procedures Page 7-8
7 Technical Evaluation of Range Safety at Blue Trail Range Page 9-19
8 Conclusions Page 19-20
9 Glossary of Terms Page 21-23
10 Golden Weise and Associates Information Page 24
11 Enclosure 1 Standard Surface Danger Zone Page 25
12 Enclosure 2 - BTR Range 1 Page 26-31
13 Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32-38
14 Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39-44
15 Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 4 Page 45-56
16 Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Ranges Page 57-72
Page 1
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road
Executive Summary
Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety
review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford
Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports
filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where
bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that
the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford
Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and
Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet
strikes
GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety
procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then
make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate
procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include
visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations
consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing
allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the
ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would
prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested
through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range
ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not
specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did
determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of
Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well
This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe
Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and
may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone
approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The
information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as
delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association
hereinafter referred to as the NRA
The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark
Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut
Page 2
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the
findings and recommendations contained in this report
Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the
source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State
Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the
Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just
north of the Blue Trail Range
Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will
continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired
or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled
range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can
be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a
potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as
backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas
Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of
round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting
the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on
the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has
been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements
were instituted
Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the
round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is
redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the
Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of
the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the
need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club
We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the
Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside
downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept
Page 3
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Guidelines Standards and Regulations
There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of
shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with
specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA
uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish
criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are
Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet
63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al
Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~
as they provide the most comprehensive information a
marksmanship range planners and organizations The m
dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy
~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source
ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents
~ criteria currently used by military and civilian
Itary standard for the probability of hazardous
escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the
public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and
all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons
can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of
projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)
range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The
military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard
a given round of ammunition However none of the sci
fans) are effective unless there is someone available to
guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim
code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI
site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be
Association assumes no liability for information contain
lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am
Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran
that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req
catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI
Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1
A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted
Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)
In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas
range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u
bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~
~hen developing the escapement potential for
tifically calculated surface danger zones (range
I1force published range safety standards and
r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a
on listing general suggestions Each range is
nsidered in that light The National Rifle
j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger
rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA
Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article
rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet
~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the
tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas
Town of Durham Connecticut and a
~e follOWing comments are provided based on
ates Based on my professional review of the
Ikely to have been the launching point of the
astern side of the Tri-Mountain area
Page 4
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road
Executive Summary
Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety
review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford
Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports
filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where
bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that
the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford
Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and
Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet
strikes
GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety
procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then
make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate
procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include
visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations
consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing
allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the
ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would
prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested
through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range
ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not
specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did
determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of
Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well
This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe
Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and
may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone
approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The
information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as
delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association
hereinafter referred to as the NRA
The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark
Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut
Page 2
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the
findings and recommendations contained in this report
Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the
source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State
Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the
Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just
north of the Blue Trail Range
Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will
continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired
or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled
range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can
be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a
potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as
backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas
Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of
round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting
the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on
the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has
been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements
were instituted
Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the
round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is
redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the
Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of
the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the
need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club
We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the
Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside
downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept
Page 3
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Guidelines Standards and Regulations
There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of
shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with
specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA
uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish
criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are
Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet
63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al
Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~
as they provide the most comprehensive information a
marksmanship range planners and organizations The m
dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy
~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source
ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents
~ criteria currently used by military and civilian
Itary standard for the probability of hazardous
escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the
public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and
all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons
can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of
projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)
range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The
military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard
a given round of ammunition However none of the sci
fans) are effective unless there is someone available to
guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim
code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI
site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be
Association assumes no liability for information contain
lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am
Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran
that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req
catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI
Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1
A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted
Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)
In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas
range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u
bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~
~hen developing the escapement potential for
tifically calculated surface danger zones (range
I1force published range safety standards and
r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a
on listing general suggestions Each range is
nsidered in that light The National Rifle
j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger
rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA
Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article
rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet
~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the
tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas
Town of Durham Connecticut and a
~e follOWing comments are provided based on
ates Based on my professional review of the
Ikely to have been the launching point of the
astern side of the Tri-Mountain area
Page 4
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the
findings and recommendations contained in this report
Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the
source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State
Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the
Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just
north of the Blue Trail Range
Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will
continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired
or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled
range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can
be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a
potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as
backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas
Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of
round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting
the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on
the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has
been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements
were instituted
Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the
round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is
redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the
Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of
the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the
need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club
We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the
Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside
downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept
Page 3
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Guidelines Standards and Regulations
There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of
shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with
specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA
uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish
criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are
Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet
63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al
Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~
as they provide the most comprehensive information a
marksmanship range planners and organizations The m
dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy
~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source
ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents
~ criteria currently used by military and civilian
Itary standard for the probability of hazardous
escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the
public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and
all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons
can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of
projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)
range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The
military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard
a given round of ammunition However none of the sci
fans) are effective unless there is someone available to
guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim
code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI
site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be
Association assumes no liability for information contain
lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am
Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran
that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req
catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI
Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1
A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted
Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)
In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas
range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u
bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~
~hen developing the escapement potential for
tifically calculated surface danger zones (range
I1force published range safety standards and
r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a
on listing general suggestions Each range is
nsidered in that light The National Rifle
j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger
rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA
Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article
rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet
~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the
tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas
Town of Durham Connecticut and a
~e follOWing comments are provided based on
ates Based on my professional review of the
Ikely to have been the launching point of the
astern side of the Tri-Mountain area
Page 4
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Guidelines Standards and Regulations
There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of
shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with
specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA
uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish
criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are
Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet
63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al
Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~
as they provide the most comprehensive information a
marksmanship range planners and organizations The m
dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy
~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source
ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents
~ criteria currently used by military and civilian
Itary standard for the probability of hazardous
escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the
public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and
all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons
can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of
projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)
range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The
military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard
a given round of ammunition However none of the sci
fans) are effective unless there is someone available to
guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim
code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI
site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be
Association assumes no liability for information contain
lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am
Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran
that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req
catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI
Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1
A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted
Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)
In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas
range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u
bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~
~hen developing the escapement potential for
tifically calculated surface danger zones (range
I1force published range safety standards and
r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a
on listing general suggestions Each range is
nsidered in that light The National Rifle
j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger
rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA
Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article
rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet
~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the
tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas
Town of Durham Connecticut and a
~e follOWing comments are provided based on
ates Based on my professional review of the
Ikely to have been the launching point of the
astern side of the Tri-Mountain area
Page 4
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that
there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range
1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be
responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted
homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since
baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based
on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)
would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1
SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target
2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the
four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range
Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential
danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical
IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find
these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not
evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range
were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed
entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger
Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition
encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the
real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles
(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or
13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian
ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range
(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held
responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no
matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled
3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a
single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm
and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky
criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter
regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on
the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or
as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that
a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA
Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed
target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do
not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing
position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop
PageS
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass
through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous
with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The
references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles
in place do not stop errant projectile
Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996
entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation
which we consider relevant to this project
1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and
that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators
completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if
the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)
2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are
from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target
Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data
and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle
Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in
this report
3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area
and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive
4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper
site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors
You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the
ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally
baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are
very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)
It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr
Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result
of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find
nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet
strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of
the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then
replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas
were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were
made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line
Page 6
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures
The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live
ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the
comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and
operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also
applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the
industry standards for live fire operations
We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry
standards
On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the
Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges
Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and
conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include
procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations
The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not
specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or
procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the
report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range
instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several
changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)
and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the
Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and
enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range
The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally
address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most
important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire
on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard
guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is
conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the
written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on
the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range
during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred
or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges
adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to
the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible
to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We
ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control
unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing
Page 7
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also
appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert
Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached
the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to
twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This
incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS
INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620
We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and
operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range
owner they cannot be verified
Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new
enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the
report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended
height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous
backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a
safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement
The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the
decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to
review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)
there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range
Page 8
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington
Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road
Technical Executive Summary
The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported
bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile
escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008
approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other
than the Blue Trail Range
Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports
UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1
2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt
z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti
z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1
fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln
~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_
35R cthrin
zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2
2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional
2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad
851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h
Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2
46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -
~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent
Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and
165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8
48 eaUyRd
lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl
lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -
199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t
_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I
As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner
of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham
and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA
provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese
homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following
conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the
guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a
combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The
improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range
Page 9
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now
adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that
ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to
be a public health hazard
In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have
been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for
some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue
Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri
Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the
Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this
range
rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes
however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints
According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were
attributed to this range
The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints
were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)
would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range
however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the
Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is
no longer in use
The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have
no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for
prOjectiles traveling from West to East
Page 10
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road
Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area
Page 11
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road
Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area
Page 12
i J
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Technical Method of Evaluation
Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was
approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of
Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes
to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the
subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of
Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and
conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA
staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a
terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the
concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police
investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of
Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of
the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public
recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the
Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were
allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C
Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in
the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one
reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however
residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their
homes
Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There
is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than
those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The
NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and
maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we
determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported
incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues
we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was
needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further
needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms
Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges
The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as
these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable
explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed
more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range
owners and operators
Page 13
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army
Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include
associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and
components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include
ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range
Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by
given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to
produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the
ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones
There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different
weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a
projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad
range of possibilities
Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation
Page 14
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation
Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the
range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained
range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained
shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could
~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained
ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter
71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified
This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition
Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled
Page 15
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex
Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range
Figure 1 Firing Line View
Figure 2 - Behind Range View
The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols
and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for
courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more
Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary
cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use
of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny
Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger
Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)
and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target
This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may
Page 16
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings
below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by
ricochets
Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software
Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical
component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining
the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are
based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical
hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that
occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories
exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public
Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have
been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and
procedures usedshy
Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far
left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point
Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy
unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers
Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers
Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2
Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software
Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the
ArcMap software
Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth
Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if
there is a probability of safety risk
Page 17
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Conclusions
Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the
previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break
these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to
the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations
Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications
1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all
times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges
2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross
lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets
3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times
Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to
rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to
them were used on this range
4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times
5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These
weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500
meters or 403 miles unobstructed
6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or
potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the
bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the
area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically
Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing
from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat
trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating
ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge
7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices
The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups
Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the
target than experienced firers
8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds
ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain
Road area
Page 18
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the
ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced
10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds
striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only
way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired
on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in
the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops
non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the
residences impacted
Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications
1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the
spot and violators are removed from the range
2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3
2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range
3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance
for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential
for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop
and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed
to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and
20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops
will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and
gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles
also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required
for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see
the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range
4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety
regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have
the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to
be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user
S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range
6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential
for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the
range
Page 19 shy~gt
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1
some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or
unobstructed rounds leaving the range
Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures
1-5
Page 20
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen
structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended
standards
Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds
Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height
Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop
Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system
Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line
Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged
Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex
Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment
Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands
Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop
Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target
Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer
Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the
Page 21
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements
Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet
trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines
Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand
Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel
Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use
Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range
ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock
Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic
Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns
Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets
Page 22
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
line along which targets are placed
lt
Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact
Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)
Page 23
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information
Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis
We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four
territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges
and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country
that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types
of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design
and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army
National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut
1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a
reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range
This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it
Enclosures
1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA
Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety
2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations
4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations
5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations
Page 24
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the
George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road
~ a laquo 2 o CI)
ffi a CI) Q
Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m
Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground
target
Page 25
-
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ
ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This
range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates
this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports
have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public
complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri
Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl
lain Stale Park Area
Yes I Yes Yes No
No I No Negt No
Ranle Blue Trail
RanBeRGl
AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle
MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp
Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters
Venit Hazard 96 Meters
Key $No ~
~ ~ IIbitTrlM__
0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU
__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I
---1IImdI4tI_
III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol
wc101_
MlIlallon Remarks
Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public
rilk
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranse Blue Trail
Range RGI
Ammunition 45 CaACP
Maximum 169Q Meter
Ralle
Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters
Vertical Hazard 100 Meters
--shy
InlhltJ1fl_oIn_
-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib
J-w_IoICornplailgt5
bIkPotll
ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park
ExdRldee Ente Complalnt
Area MIUatlonRemarlca j
Unonstralned
SDZ
Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public
risk
IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
Rall8e RGI
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt
Range
Ricochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
Key 1shy ~
~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __
D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot
~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb
mot
ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa
Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ
Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant
Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
RangeRGl
Ammunition 9mmBall
Maximum 1800 Meters Range
RIcochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__
0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-
Td ~1 stat_ Pmt
1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt
c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou
taln State Park
Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Un~ntralned
SDZ
Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe
IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy
Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity
other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of
Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated
using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts
with public areas
Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk
for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will
present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
----
RiIn8e
Ammunition
81ueTrail
Range RG2
22 Long Rifle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Range
Rltothet Range 1700 Meters
Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters
Key
M_St_
--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_
EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt
UI
S[
nconstfalnlld Oz
RI cochBtAtea
Yel
No
Yel Yes
No No
Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks
Ar~
Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle
No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranle Blue Trail
Range RG2
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key ilia ~
yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _
0 I_Umlts
L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_
ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy
taln State Park
EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIUeaUon Remarks
Unconstrained
SCi
Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee
~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -
Ves ~~-----
Yes -~~---
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranse 81ueTrail
Rall8e RG2
AmmunItion 556mm
Maximum 3437 Meters
Range
Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key
111_111111
ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy
tal n Stale Park
Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt
Area
MltItlon Remarlel
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde
Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes
-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy
I
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range 81ueTrail
Range RG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_
D 1_u1ts
l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk
~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs
IOlllotk_
ITEM
-shyUnconstrained
SDZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public T tail
Ves
Ves
Enters Trl Mounmiddot
taln SUle Park
Ys
Yes
EKeeed Rldee
Yes
Yes
Ente Complaint
Area
Yes
Ves
Mldaation Remarks
Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae
i
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
RanseRG2
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 5288 Meters
Ranse
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
--of~
tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot
lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl
Area IMllIallon Remarks
Unconslralned SOZ
Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde
RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be
evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same
firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range
based on a map-spot
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based
on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm
the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints
Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where
public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the
Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
RaS8
AnAmmunition
Blue Trail RanleRG3
22 Lonl Rifle
Mulmum 1400 Meters
R8I8II18e
Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters
Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters
~ C ~
bull ~
-bull hll_P~
ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde
taln State Park
onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes
SOl
chollAlJUfO No No No
Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks
Area
Yes
No
Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Reanse
AIAmmunition
Blue Trail
Range RG3
45CaIACP
MMaxImum 1690 Meters
RBRanse
Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters
VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters
Key
[
i Pfgtinb
~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__
bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark
-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull
IlaIlhdc_
ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce
lain State Park
UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo
SDZ
RicochetArea No Yes No
Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara
Area
Yes
No
Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG3
Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball
Maximum 1806 Meters
Range
RIcochet Range 903 Meters
Vertic Hazard 89 Meters
------__--_shy ~ -shy
Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_
0 l_llmIOI
J-- I FltIM PoInb ~
l_r_loltt-__liurI___
-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ
~ _otIIII(om_
Illlio1kliltt
ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun
taln StalA Park
Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl
Area
MltIadon R marlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull
RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranie Blue Trail
ltanse RG3
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Itane
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
Vertical Hazard 93 Meters
Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo
1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_
01_ _llmIIlI
_Ior__
~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy
-tgtt_ln___
-_ k_IonTlflb
of__~
1lt_
11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy
tIIIn State Park
Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained
SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce
I
RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl
Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120
Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50
yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in
use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy
spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated
The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible
ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard
targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include
measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures
indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly
prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range
Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same
All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling
implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above
Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being
able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following
issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents
1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets
(rocks debris etc) and remove them
2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one
overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round
fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights
3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle
should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I
the 100 meter berm
There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from
occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should
sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on
Range 4 are included below
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46
1
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ran8e
Ammunition
Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4
22 Lon8 RIfle
Maximum 1400 Meters
Ran8e
RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters
VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters
Key
~
PoinIs
PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__
--_aIoIC
IloIllttkhtll
ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
unconsralned1 Yes I Ves
SOZ
Ricochet Area No Yes
IEMceed Ridampe
Yes
No
Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks
Anea
Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle
No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47
I
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
~ngeRG4
Ammunition SS6mm
Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters
Range
Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key 1shy ldentllkatlon
Iden_ theTrIM__
0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__
- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__
- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal
IoIIlIlkPaIl
ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park
E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint
Area
MIIIallon Remarks
Unconstrained SOl
I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde
R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4
AmmunItion 0224lnehes
4S sralns Bal coef 0202
Initial 3600 FtSec
Dlr 100 Desrees
Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees
12 Delrees Up
1S78 Meter5
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters
Key -ISIIapol
_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_
0 _b
~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt
IIIltQcbd shy
--_k_Tbullbulln
Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl
1IaI~_-
Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range
Ammunition
Maximum Range
RIcochet Range
Vertk~ Hazard
Blue Trail Range RG4
SS6mm
3437 Meters
11718 Meters
1325 Meters
-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle
lallltlk_
ITEM IE
Unconstrained
SOl
ntens Public rrlIs
Yes
Entet$ Trl Mounshy
tain State Park
Ye
IEKceedsRldie
Yes
EnteR Complaint
Area
Yes
IMldlallon Remarks
Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie
RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranae Blue Trail Ranse
RG4
Ammunition 0224 Inches
4Sarans BaICoefO17S
Initial 4000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I
Rlcochet 2000 FtSec
Olr 100 Derees
22 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Igt _Ih
Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI
MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd
AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175
Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411
WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00
The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten
Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model
mplu 53 F
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
Range RG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range 1
Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I
I
Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters
Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm
ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_
CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~
1lt111__
ITEM
Uneonstrlned
SOZ
Ricochet Area
Enters Public Trait
Yes
Yes
Enters Trl Moun
taln State Parle
Yas
Yes
EKeeed Rldle
Yes
Yes
Ente COmplaint
Area
y
Yes
MIIIallon RemariG
RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe
See RIcochet OIart -
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
123 sralns Bal Coef 0245
Initial 2355ftSec
Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters
Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees
24 Desrees Up
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key
10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull
- Poi
~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II
lIaIIlstlclgtnh
Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Blue Trail
RangeRG4
Ammunition 762mm Ball
i
Maximum 5288 Meter
RanBe
Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA
IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_
0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto
- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__
---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs
AnIaIdtnl~
111011lt_
ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy
taln State Park
Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint
Area
Mltistion Remarks
Uneonstralned
soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee
Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
------
Range Blue Trail Range
RG4
Ammunition 0308 Inches
IS0gralns
8al Coef 0437
Initial 28~FtSec
Olr 100 Degrees
so meters
~cQChet 1800 FtSec
OJr 100 Degrees
21 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 152 Meters
Key I~ ~
~a_ tMTn_
rr _Ll~
a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __
RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___
--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil
lwoI_IIol~lolo
lt _Path
Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437
Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00
The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model
T emperatjlre S9 f
Data Printed In Mixed Units
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
RanSE Blue TraJl
Ranlle RG4
Ammunition SO Cal Ball
Maximum 6100 Meter$
Ranse
RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu
Vrica Hazard 904 Meters
~ Key-shy1SMp
I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID
lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo
UlIkIku
ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun
tllin State Park
EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint
Art
Mltiallon Remarias
Unconstrained
soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull
Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves
Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis
The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this
range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area
(See next slide)
Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range
We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range
In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities
that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified
this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has
no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with
the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk
area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is
actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt
IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel
0I_u_
1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__
-lruldSUrfaal Danger
lIkodIot_
lrIM___ --bull-shy
1IlIoIIc~1l1l
IoirnICornogtIaIts
gt il0ll1gtlilt 111
Range
Ammunition
Maximum
Ranse
Ricochet Ranle
Vertical Hltzard
Wallingford
lIodand Gun
22 LonS mfle
1400 Meters
700 Meters
96 Meters
ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy
lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint
Area
Mltlatlon Remarks
Unconstrained
SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public
risk
Rlcoehet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranse Wallinsford
Rod and Gon
Ammunition 45 Cal ACP
Maximum 1690 Meters
Ranle
Ricochet Range 845 Meters
Vertical Hafard 100 Meters
Key SIlo ldentllkatlon
ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If
0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA
~ lIOHI$ticllllti
ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde
lain State Park
Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ
RicllChet Area No No No
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
No
MIIIallon Remarlcs
RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public
risk
I I
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition 9mm Ball
Maximum
Range
1800 Meters
Ricochet Range 900 Meters
VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters
Key 511_
ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At
shy0 I_UmlIll
1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__
bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$
mtkPilIil
ITEM
Unconstrained
I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy
tain State Park
EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint
Area
Mltiampadon Remarks
Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte
SOZ
RI~ochetArea No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
--
Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy
lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt
1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _
TrI __
IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__
I
IIIII1tampPllh
Range
AmmunlUon
Maximum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
WallingfOfd
Rod and Gun
38 Spedal 8all
1806 Meters
903 Memrs
89 Memrs
ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks
taln State Park Area
Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge
SDZ
Ricochet Area No No No No
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
--
Ran8e
Ammunition
MaxImum
Range
RIcochet Range
Vertical Hazard
Wallin8ford
Rod and Gun Qub
SS6mm
3100 Meters
1550 Meters
319 Meters
Key Idontlllaolhm
Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _
I shy
0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt
_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea
TII~__
Publk lleltfatioRrl shy
_01_ConI1shygt
1lIIistk ITEM
UnconstraIned
SOZ
Enters Public Trails
Yes
Ente Trl Mounmiddot
taln Stllte Park
Yel
Exceed Rldle
Yes
Enters Complaint
Area
Yes
MIIIJatlon Remarlas
Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle
Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy
Yes ----- ~----
See Flcochet Olarl ---
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
--
Range Wallingford Rod
and Gun dub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55raln5
Bal Caet 0235
Initial 3650 FtSec
Dlr 101 Degrees
300meter5
Ricochet 800 FtSec
Dlr 110 Deree~
30 Degrees Up
Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i
I
Key ldentifludonI~
_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH
0 leUmlt
1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU
_Iot_1IlComplointl
alllt1iPlth
RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe
aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour
WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps
Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Oub
Ammunition S56mm
Maximum
Range
3431 Meters
Ricochet Range 1118 Meters
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion
milled In tile TIMount bull -
ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu
- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___
--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_
INofRUlclentlal~
II1II1$11lt_
ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar
taln State Park Area
Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle
SOZ
RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Walllnsford Rod
andGunOub
Ammunition 0224 Inches
55 grains
Bal Caef 0235
Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees
370 meters
Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees
80egrees Up
Vertical Hazard 325 Meters
iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu
8a11fSClt PatII
Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Ranae Wallingford
Rodand6un
Ammunition 762mm Ball
Maximum 4100 Meters
Range
Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters
Vertical Hazard 706 Meters
Key 1shy wntlflaotlan
IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln
_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS
~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone
-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb
Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_
IIIIIotk -til
ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt
Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area
Mllillalion Remarks
Uncontraifllld SOl
Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae
Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Key SIlo IdentIfItat_
1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI
0 I_Hlmits
Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu
-shy
Range
Ammunition
Initial
RIcochet
Vertical Hazard
Wallingford Rod
and Gun Cub
0308Inches
124 grains
8al Coef 0298
2350 FtSec
Dlr 107 Degrees
300 meters
1000 FtSec
Dlr 110 De8ree~
22 Desrees Up
706 Meters
I
Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
~ M
Range
Ammunition
Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Club
762mmBall
Maximum
Range
5288 Meters
Ricochet Range 2644 Meters
Vertical Hazard 752 Meters
Key ldontiflutlonS~
identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb
FI Points
I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_
IIIagtdIel IIzel
Mountoln _e P --bull-shy
Plk _eall y10
ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints
8alllttk_
ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy
taln Stilt- PIIrt
Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint
Area
Mltlatlan Remarks
Unconstnllned
SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi
RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72
Range Wallingford
Rod and Gun
Ammunition SOCai Ball
Maximum 6100 Meters
Range
RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters
Vertical Hazard 904 Meters
Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon
IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI
IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts
-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM
- I
_t~
_fhloUr__
--Public ott n lIaIlo
_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM
IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy
t1ln Siale Park
Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint
Area
Mlllatlon Remarlcs
Unconstrained
SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde
Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes
Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72