safety evaluation on blue trail range

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C\+ FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park, the George Washington Trail, the Blue Trail, and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road BY Charles R. Golden AND Clifford A. Weise Golden, Weise and Associates, LLC FOR The Town of Durham, Connecticut EVALUATION PERIOD JUNE 25,2009 - MARCH 8, 2010 CONTACT INFORMATION GOLDEN, WEISE AND ASSOCIATES, LLC 91 BRANSCOMB ROAD SUITE 10 GREEN COVE SPRINGS, FLORIDA 32043-7222 OFFICE TELEPHONE: 904-589-9779 ELECTRONIC MAIL: [email protected]

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Final Draft Safety Evaluation Regarding Bullet Strikes Near Blue Trail Range in Wallingford

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Page 1: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

C+

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION

Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the George Washington Trail the Blue

Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

BY

Charles R Golden

AND

Clifford A Weise

Golden Weise and Associates LLC

FOR

The Town of Durham Connecticut

EVALUATION PERIOD

JUNE 252009 - MARCH 8 2010

CONTACT INFORMATION

GOLDEN WEISE AND ASSOCIATES LLC

91 BRANSCOMB ROAD

SUITE 10

GREEN COVE SPRINGS FLORIDA 32043-7222

OFFICE TELEPHONE 904-589-9779

ELECTRONIC MAIL officersgw-acom

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page

1 Cover Page

2 Table of Contents Page 1

3 Executive Summary and Findings Page 2-3

4 Guidelines Standards and Regulations Page 4

5 Review of the Vargas Safety Report July 2008 Page 4-6

6 Standard Range Safety Procedures Page 7-8

7 Technical Evaluation of Range Safety at Blue Trail Range Page 9-19

8 Conclusions Page 19-20

9 Glossary of Terms Page 21-23

10 Golden Weise and Associates Information Page 24

11 Enclosure 1 Standard Surface Danger Zone Page 25

12 Enclosure 2 - BTR Range 1 Page 26-31

13 Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32-38

14 Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39-44

15 Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 4 Page 45-56

16 Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Ranges Page 57-72

Page 1

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road

Executive Summary

Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety

review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford

Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports

filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where

bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that

the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford

Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and

Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet

strikes

GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety

procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then

make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate

procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include

visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations

consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing

allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the

ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would

prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested

through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range

ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not

specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did

determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of

Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well

This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe

Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and

may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone

approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The

information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as

delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association

hereinafter referred to as the NRA

The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark

Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut

Page 2

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the

findings and recommendations contained in this report

Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the

source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State

Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the

Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just

north of the Blue Trail Range

Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will

continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired

or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled

range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can

be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a

potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as

backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas

Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of

round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting

the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on

the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has

been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements

were instituted

Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the

round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is

redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the

Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of

the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the

need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club

We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the

Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside

downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept

Page 3

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Guidelines Standards and Regulations

There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of

shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with

specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA

uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish

criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are

Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet

63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al

Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~

as they provide the most comprehensive information a

marksmanship range planners and organizations The m

dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy

~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source

ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents

~ criteria currently used by military and civilian

Itary standard for the probability of hazardous

escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the

public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and

all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons

can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of

projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)

range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The

military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard

a given round of ammunition However none of the sci

fans) are effective unless there is someone available to

guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim

code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI

site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be

Association assumes no liability for information contain

lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am

Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran

that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req

catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI

Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1

A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted

Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)

In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas

range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u

bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~

~hen developing the escapement potential for

tifically calculated surface danger zones (range

I1force published range safety standards and

r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a

on listing general suggestions Each range is

nsidered in that light The National Rifle

j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger

rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA

Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article

rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet

~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the

tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas

Town of Durham Connecticut and a

~e follOWing comments are provided based on

ates Based on my professional review of the

Ikely to have been the launching point of the

astern side of the Tri-Mountain area

Page 4

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 2: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page

1 Cover Page

2 Table of Contents Page 1

3 Executive Summary and Findings Page 2-3

4 Guidelines Standards and Regulations Page 4

5 Review of the Vargas Safety Report July 2008 Page 4-6

6 Standard Range Safety Procedures Page 7-8

7 Technical Evaluation of Range Safety at Blue Trail Range Page 9-19

8 Conclusions Page 19-20

9 Glossary of Terms Page 21-23

10 Golden Weise and Associates Information Page 24

11 Enclosure 1 Standard Surface Danger Zone Page 25

12 Enclosure 2 - BTR Range 1 Page 26-31

13 Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32-38

14 Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39-44

15 Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 4 Page 45-56

16 Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Ranges Page 57-72

Page 1

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road

Executive Summary

Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety

review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford

Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports

filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where

bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that

the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford

Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and

Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet

strikes

GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety

procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then

make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate

procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include

visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations

consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing

allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the

ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would

prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested

through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range

ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not

specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did

determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of

Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well

This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe

Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and

may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone

approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The

information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as

delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association

hereinafter referred to as the NRA

The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark

Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut

Page 2

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the

findings and recommendations contained in this report

Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the

source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State

Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the

Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just

north of the Blue Trail Range

Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will

continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired

or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled

range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can

be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a

potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as

backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas

Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of

round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting

the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on

the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has

been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements

were instituted

Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the

round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is

redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the

Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of

the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the

need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club

We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the

Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside

downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept

Page 3

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Guidelines Standards and Regulations

There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of

shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with

specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA

uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish

criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are

Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet

63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al

Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~

as they provide the most comprehensive information a

marksmanship range planners and organizations The m

dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy

~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source

ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents

~ criteria currently used by military and civilian

Itary standard for the probability of hazardous

escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the

public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and

all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons

can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of

projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)

range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The

military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard

a given round of ammunition However none of the sci

fans) are effective unless there is someone available to

guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim

code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI

site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be

Association assumes no liability for information contain

lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am

Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran

that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req

catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI

Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1

A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted

Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)

In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas

range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u

bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~

~hen developing the escapement potential for

tifically calculated surface danger zones (range

I1force published range safety standards and

r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a

on listing general suggestions Each range is

nsidered in that light The National Rifle

j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger

rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA

Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article

rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet

~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the

tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas

Town of Durham Connecticut and a

~e follOWing comments are provided based on

ates Based on my professional review of the

Ikely to have been the launching point of the

astern side of the Tri-Mountain area

Page 4

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 3: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Trl Mountain Road

Executive Summary

Golden Weise and Associates LLC (hereinafter referred to as GWA) was contracted to conduct a safety

review and assessment of the Blue Trail Range (BTR) and other ranges in the vicinity of Wallingford

Connecticut by the Town of Durham Connecticut GWA has conducted an extensive review of reports

filed by the Department of Public Safety topographical and satellite analysis of the BTR and areas where

bullet strikes have been reported The preponderance of the Public Safety Office reports indicates that

the source of these bullet strikes might possibly be the Blue Trail Range located in Wallingford

Connecticut so we have included data that encompasses the Blue Trail Range a Wallingford Rod and

Gun Club range the Tri-Mountain State Park and the area involving the homes with confirmed bullet

strikes

GWA normally conducts an on-site evaluation of a shooting range to review range operations and safety

procedures in order to identify any safety or operational related issues for the range owners We then

make recommendations on how to correct eliminate or mitigate these issues with appropriate

procedures changes in siting or physical alterations to the range Our normal procedures include

visiting the range and meeting with the ownersoperators to find out what their day to day operations

consist of and what types of ammunition and weapons are allowed on the range and the type of firing

allowed We use a Range Safety Checklist during the interview to determine if any areas within the

ranges normal operating and safety procedures might need corrections or what enhancements would

prove beneficial to the overall range complexs safety or operational procedures GWA has requested

through the Town of Durham and the Blue Trail Range Attorney to meet with The Blue Trail Range

ownersoperators but as of this writing we have not been granted permission Although GWA was not

specifically asked to evaluate a range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Club we did

determine that it too had the capacity to create a public hazard in the area of concern to the Town of

Durham We provided a technical assessment of this range as well

This report provides information to the Town of Durham Connecticut involving the operation ofthe

Blue Trail Range and other local ranges which have been identified as potential escapement sources and

may have potential impacts to property owners in the local area This information is available to anyone

approved by the Town of Durham Connecticut or other entities based on State and Federal laws The

information contained in this report is based on civilian and military industry standard guidelines as

delineated by the U S Army U S Marine Corps US Air Force and the National Rifle Association

hereinafter referred to as the NRA

The information prOVided also includes a review ofthe Blue Trail Range Study conducted by Mr Clark

Vargas as requested by the Town of Durham Connecticut

Page 2

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the

findings and recommendations contained in this report

Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the

source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State

Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the

Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just

north of the Blue Trail Range

Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will

continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired

or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled

range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can

be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a

potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as

backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas

Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of

round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting

the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on

the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has

been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements

were instituted

Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the

round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is

redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the

Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of

the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the

need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club

We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the

Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside

downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept

Page 3

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Guidelines Standards and Regulations

There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of

shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with

specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA

uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish

criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are

Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet

63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al

Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~

as they provide the most comprehensive information a

marksmanship range planners and organizations The m

dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy

~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source

ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents

~ criteria currently used by military and civilian

Itary standard for the probability of hazardous

escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the

public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and

all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons

can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of

projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)

range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The

military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard

a given round of ammunition However none of the sci

fans) are effective unless there is someone available to

guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim

code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI

site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be

Association assumes no liability for information contain

lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am

Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran

that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req

catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI

Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1

A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted

Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)

In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas

range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u

bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~

~hen developing the escapement potential for

tifically calculated surface danger zones (range

I1force published range safety standards and

r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a

on listing general suggestions Each range is

nsidered in that light The National Rifle

j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger

rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA

Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article

rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet

~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the

tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas

Town of Durham Connecticut and a

~e follOWing comments are provided based on

ates Based on my professional review of the

Ikely to have been the launching point of the

astern side of the Tri-Mountain area

Page 4

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 4: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations The information below is a summary of the

findings and recommendations contained in this report

Finding Based on our Technical Evaluation there are two ranges which could have been the

source of the errant rounds that have impacted homes and land parcels within the Tri-Mountain State

Park area and were reported to and documented by the Connecticut State Police The ranges include the

Blue Trail Range and the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club located just

north of the Blue Trail Range

Recommendation The potential impact for escapement of rounds fired from these two ranges will

continue until such times as the ranges are redesigned to achieve total containment of all rounds fired

or until ammunition and weapons are restricted to those which do not escape the current controlled

range boundaries This would effectively limit both ranges to pistol firing only until full containment can

be achieved While closing these ranges is an option it should also be understood that there is a

potential drawback where uncontrolled firing may be redirected to uncontrolled areas such as

backyard ranges resulting in shifting the current escapement issues to new areas

Finding The owners of the Blue Trail Range have made significant efforts to reduce the possibility of

round escapement and the subsequent associated risks by providing strict operating standards limiting

the use of some weapon types adding some baffling and upgrading the security of the range based on

the report provided by Mr Vargas These efforts appear to have made some difference as there has

been only one report of an errant round strike in the past nineteen months since the improvements

were instituted

Recommendation The improvements to the Blue Trail Range appear to have mitigated some of the

round escapement issues but will not result in full containment until such time as the range is

redesigned to meet the full containment issue We have suggested some further improvements for the

Blue Trai1 range in the Technical Evaluation Section of this report that we believe will mitigate more of

the risks to an acceptable level for the local land and home owners These recommendations indude the

need for an additional evaluation of the range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club

We also would recommend additional baffling and the removal of the intermediate backstop on the

Blue Trail Range The bottom line is that the community leaders park users and residents who reside

downrange from these ranges will have to determine what level of risk they are willing to accept

Page 3

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Guidelines Standards and Regulations

There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of

shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with

specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA

uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish

criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are

Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet

63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al

Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~

as they provide the most comprehensive information a

marksmanship range planners and organizations The m

dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy

~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source

ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents

~ criteria currently used by military and civilian

Itary standard for the probability of hazardous

escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the

public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and

all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons

can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of

projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)

range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The

military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard

a given round of ammunition However none of the sci

fans) are effective unless there is someone available to

guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim

code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI

site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be

Association assumes no liability for information contain

lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am

Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran

that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req

catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI

Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1

A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted

Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)

In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas

range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u

bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~

~hen developing the escapement potential for

tifically calculated surface danger zones (range

I1force published range safety standards and

r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a

on listing general suggestions Each range is

nsidered in that light The National Rifle

j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger

rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA

Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article

rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet

~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the

tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas

Town of Durham Connecticut and a

~e follOWing comments are provided based on

ates Based on my professional review of the

Ikely to have been the launching point of the

astern side of the Tri-Mountain area

Page 4

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 5: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in th~ ~iclnity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the omes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Guidelines Standards and Regulations

There are published guidelines standards and regulatic ~s associated with the operation and use of

shooting ranges These guidelines are designed to provl e range planners owners and managers with

specific operational and safety parameters for the safe c rid efficient operation of shooting ranges GWA

uses a combination of civilian and military regulations a d guidelines to evaluate ranges that establish

criteria for the proven design and operation of modern ing ranges Specifically cited in this report are

Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safet

63Marine Corps Order 35701B dated May 19 2003 al

Book A Guide to Planning and Construction revised Ja~

as they provide the most comprehensive information a

marksmanship range planners and organizations The m

dated April 10 2003 Army Regulation 385shy

~ The National Rifle Association (NRA) Source

ary 2004 GWA uses these source documents

~ criteria currently used by military and civilian

Itary standard for the probability of hazardous

escapement of live ammunition must not present a grei er hazard than 11000000 (unlikely) to the

public per Department of The Army Pamphlet 385-63 T is includes the actual round of ammunition and

all of its components Additional information on deter ing distances required for various weapons

can be obtained from the NRA Source Book in Section 1 hapter 1 and Article 3 The probability of

projectile escapement will vary in degree based upon t~ ain features (natural or manmade backstops)

range structures (bermsbullet trapstarget frame com~ sition) and the chosen shooting activity The

military standard of 11000000 is used as the standard

a given round of ammunition However none of the sci

fans) are effective unless there is someone available to

guidelines In fact the NRA Source Book adds a disclaim

code book or certification standard but rather a publiCI

site specific fact sensitive risk driven and needs to be

Association assumes no liability for information contain

lones (SDls) was clarified by Mr David Luke who is am

Mr Luke stated during the Third National Shooting Ran

that Backstops and side berms do not remove the req

catcher ricochet baffle or eyebrow can be installed to r range by sliding up the face of the backstopI

Review of the Safety Regort Study Analvsis and Scher1

A copy of Mr Vargas report was provided to GWA by t subsequent review of its contents was then conducted

Mr Vargas report (hereafter the report)

In paragraph one of the Executive Summary Mr Vargas

range and its rules operations at Blue Trail Range are u

bullets that have impacted residential properties ofthe ~

~hen developing the escapement potential for

tifically calculated surface danger zones (range

I1force published range safety standards and

r that states liThe Range Source Book is NOT a

on listing general suggestions Each range is

nsidered in that light The National Rifle

j herein In fact the use of Surface Danger

rnber of The Range Technical Team ofthe NRA

Symposium in 1966 and a subsequent article

rement to include a safety fan (SOl) A ricochet

~uce the incidence of bullets escaping the

tic Dated Julv 2008 bv Mr Clark Varaas

Town of Durham Connecticut and a

~e follOWing comments are provided based on

ates Based on my professional review of the

Ikely to have been the launching point of the

astern side of the Tri-Mountain area

Page 4

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 6: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

1 It is not known how this conclusion was reached since the report states in several areas that

there was no evaluation of the 200 yard range (Range 2 in his report) or the Dinan pistol range (Range

1) Without evaluating the 200 ya rd range and the pistol range it is impossible to tell if either could be

responsible for the bullet strikes down range between the firing lines and areas including the impacted

homes and beyond In fact none of the four ranges can be eliminated as a potential candidate since

baffling was not completed prior to some of the alleged bullet strike incidents going back to 1996 based

on police reports Prior to any baffling of the ranges the industry standard Surface Danger Zones (SDZ)

would have been the standard for determining what areas could be impacted Please see Enclosure 1

SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target

2 When reviewing the report we did not find a copy of the Surface Danger Zones for each of the

four ranges A Range Surface Danger Zone Diagram is one of the most important tools used in all Range

Safety Inspections It depicts the range fan for the largest caliber of ammunition and the potential

danger areas Page 12 of the report states We identified the ranges and plotted the theoretical

IIsu rface danger zone for ranges 3 and 4 which are the ranges being evaluated We could not find

these diagrams in the report but again since the 200 yard range and Dinan pistol range were not

evaluated we do not believe that all of the potential sources of escapement impacts from the range

were identified It is standard policy for military and civilian ranges to ensure that no one is allowed

entry into any portion of the surface danger zone down range from the firing lines The Surface Danger

Zone from the Blue Trail Range from the firing lines using standard 3006 rifle ammunition

encompasses a large area of private and public property and extends beyond and down range from the

real property owned and controlled by the Blue Trail Range This ammunition can travel up to 312 miles

(NRA Source Book) or the military equivalent (762 mm M80 Ball NATO Round) of 4100 meters or

13448 feet or 254 miles This range (312 miles) is generally used during site evaluation for civilian

ranges by the NRA to determine if the site is large enough to accommodate a high-power rifle range

(NRA Source Book) The NRA Source Book goes on to say Remember that you will most likely be held

responsible for the damage or injury caused from any bullet or shot that escapes the shooting range no

matter what the distance that the bullet or shot traveled

3 As part of the review of the report we studied the lias-built drawings and determined that a

single baffle at the firing line is most likely not sufficient to preclude firing projectiles over the rear berm

and potentially over the ridge The N RA recommends that baffled ranges meet the No Blue Sky

criteria This concept is based on a blue sky gap meaning that baffles are setup so that the shooter

regardless of shooting position cannot see any blue sky downrange These fixtures may be overhead on

the grou nd on top of the backstop in the roof of a firing line cover in the form of an elongated box or

as a completely enclosed tunnel The prinCiple behind the design is to equip a range with baffles so that

a bullet can leave the range confines but will fall to earth within a smaller more predictable area (NRA

Source Book) The No Blue Sky policy is also based on a shooterfiring from a fixed position at a fixed

target pOSition The entire baffling system can be corrupted if the shooter and Range Safety Officer do

not adhere to the established range procedures such as moving down range from the fixed firing

position or the conduct of cross lane firing as examples These baffles in order to be effective must stop

PageS

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 7: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

or redirect the projectiles to the ground Baffles that allow errant projectiles to penetrate and pass

through do not provide any risk reduction downrange No Blue Sky ranges are normally synonymous

with partially baffled ranges which do not contain ricochets inside the range boundaries The

references in the report to ballistic shadowing are invalid if ricochets are not contained or ifthe baffles

in place do not stop errant projectile

Mr Vargas had previously given a presentation at the Third National Shooting Symposium in 1996

entitled Design Guide Criteria for Shooting Ranges The following are excerpts from that presentation

which we consider relevant to this project

1 There is only one overriding design criterion paramount to the design of shooting ranges and

that is safety There is an adage known by experienced range deSigners and range operators

completely safe range cannot be designed A safe range results if and only if it is safely operated and if

the participating shooters are controlled by the rules and safety poliCies (Underline added by GWA)

2 liThe referenced range specifications and definitive drawings we will be using as examples are

from Army Regulation 385-63 Safety Policy and Procedures for Firing Ammunition for Training Target

Practice and Combat This publication clarifies certain requirements on ranges reviews ballistic data

and incorporates new standardized range deSign Other examples are from the National Rifle

Associations Range Source Book Note These are the same guidelines and regulations used by GWA in

this report

3 liThe surface danger zone to provide a safe area for one shooter to shoot is a very large area

and in most urban locations would be cost prohibitive

4 One of the most important criteria to control range construction cost is to select a proper

site There must be sufficient distance behind the backstop so that sound does not affect the neighbors

You dont want neighbors to complain Also if a round or a ricochet gets out it should fall within the

ranges non-accessible fenced property If you build in a populated area your range must be totally

baffled so that the range owner can demonstrate to a judge that a round cannot escape Ranges are

very expensive to construct (Underline added by GWA)

It appears that some of the Surface Danger Zone mitigations prOVided for the Blue Trail Range by Mr

Vargas conflict with his own design criteria There is little doubt that the improvements made as a result

of his work have reduced the incidences of projectiles leaving the confines of the range We can find

nothing in the report that says any of the ranges employed any baffles before his review or when bullet

strikes were reported from 1996 to 2008 There was a statement in one of the police reports that one of

the ranges had some baffling previously which had been removed for a shooting event and then

replaced It appears that the baffles were not used regularly until the baffles designed by Mr Vargas

were employed There was no discussion on what type of baffles that were used the material they were

made of or to what extent the baffles covered the down range areas forward of the firing line

Page 6

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 8: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Standard Range Operations Safety Procedures

The basic principles of live fire range safety procedures are applicable to all ranges that use live

ammunition We will address standard procedures in this portion of the report as well as some of the

comments from Mr Vargas report The two primary gUidelines for developing range safety and

operational procedures as mentioned before are the U S Army Regulation 385-63 (which is also

applicable to the USMC as MCO 357018) and the NRA Source Book which are both recognized as the

industry standards for live fire operations

We will discuss some of the comments in Mr Vargas report first and then the recognized industry

standards

On page iii of the report it is stated in paragraph 4 This report summarizes the safety features at the

Blue trail Range and appends the revised safety rules currently in place The lyman Blue Trail Ranges

Operational Procedures have been revised to ensure the maintenance of physical safety features and

conformity with safety rules (Underline added by GWA)These operational procedures include

procedures for identifying and stopping any safety rules violations

The report indicates that some range procedures were revised Since the Vargas report does not

specify if some or all of the safety rules were revised we can only assume that some safety rules or

procedures were not adhered to or were not in place prior to his recommendations Specifically the

report states on Page 3-1 In addition without our recommendations the lyman Blue Trail Range

instituted the following safety procedures in June and July 2008 The report goes on to address several

changes to the physical layout of the range (fences security cameras range safety officer house etc)

and improved safety rules and procedures On a positive note each of the improvements made to the

Blue Trail Range should enhance the future safe operations on these ranges if implemented and

enforced at all times and reduce potential escapement of rounds being fired on the range

The implementation of these new measures does lead to some questions which we would normally

address directly with the range owner if we had the opportunity to meet with them One of the most

important questions we would ask would be if at any time in the past have users been allowed to fire

on the range without the direct supervision of a certified Range Safety Officer All industry standard

guidelines and regulations mandate that a trained Range Safety Officer be present when all firing is

conducted and that the Range Safety Officer has been trained to an established standard to enforce the

written range safety procedures A follow on question would address the possibility of anyone firing on

the range without permission after normal operating hours or the ability to access and use the range

during normal operating hours by anyone not approved by the range owner If either situation occurred

or could have occurred then there is absolutely no way to determine if anyone firing on the ranges

adhered to all of the published range safety rules and regulations In essence anyone who had access to

the range could conduct any type of firing without anyone knowing about it and it would be impossible

to state that the range rules were followed and that firing over the Tri-Mountain area was not done We

ask this question because the report indicated that hidden security cameras were added to control

unauthorized access and improper shooting at the range Additiohally the report stated that the firing

Page 7

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 9: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line positions were fenced off so that access to the firing line is now controlled This access issue also

appears to be supported by an eye witness statement This statement was provided by a Mr Robert

Saunderson to the State Police that involved an individual that walked around the fence approached

the firing line He then observed the male sit down at a bench on the firing line and then fire fifteen to

twenty shots The individual then went back to his vehicle secured the weapon and drove off This

incident occurred in March 2008 per the witness statement dated May 29 2008 as identified in DPS

INCIDENT NUMBER CFS08-00143620

We would normally have additional questions about the layout of the ranges and range safety and

operational procedures prior to Mr Vargas visit but without being able to discuss this with the range

owner they cannot be verified

Additionally we would be interested in identifying all physical features of the range prior to the new

enhancements It was indicated in Mr Vargas report that changes were made to the backstops but the

report only said that the backstops were to be raised The military and the NRA have recommended

height depth and angular surface guidance published for backstops and side berms If the previous

backstops and side berms did not meet these recommended guidelines they would be considered as a

safety issue and would have added to the possibility of round escapement

The operational and control enhancements made to the range undoubtedly have contributed to the

decline in the incidences of stray prOjectiles in the Tri-Mountain area Although we were not able to

review all of the operating procedure Uust those contained in Mr Vargas report were available to us)

there appears to be significant improvements in the operational safety of the range

Page 8

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 10: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Evaluation of Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri-Mountain State Park the George Washington

Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri-Mountaln Road

Technical Executive Summary

The observations made by Mr Charles Golden and Mr Clifford Weise in the evaluation of reported

bullet strikes in the downrange area of the Blue Trail Range indicate that a high probability of projectile

escapement has occurred in the past During the time period of December 1996 to December 2008

approximately twenty-five projectiles have been seized two of which were attributed to ranges other

than the Blue Trail Range

Figure ES-1 Summary of Police Reports

UR Cathrl 2lJ08umiddotu Orlw om 8OQI0659l$4nlltt bull-t rttlk to barn 1

2~1 TnaltR_ Ron cl_ for pprolll-ly IIIxty da far dric lia_ PU Trl Ioutal Sine bull rin ~ dJnt naldnce found Mdon of buflltt

z00a05ltV Rd Durham _Alin 1 j251RTti

z00a05lt27 MounbinRd _lA2s_ 1

fgl~flonol t f~Trl Iou_In ~n of praloctl strt In b_n on _nd _ to ouoln

~lSStt P A_ 100amp000994 mit Could nat Iud Blue Trail Rnr os posslblsa I_-_

35R cthrin

zooa-16 Driv Durham 800175657 Proectilalodamped in sid of hO~t In in toof Tw~ projectilu rHOVetd 2

2 Tri Moulttain ThrH pouibl ttriktu bullft retrieved from ludan Two addttional

2OOI4lJ28 Rd Durhm 8OO1AH20 00U __d_ homo I 2 ___rod from hoo In wall Two ddltl1 hoampu dlampad

851008 PojOlttlI rod from th fhst 0 On projOlttlI _ OI08zooa Two projoctll _ _rmlna _U1y h

Z3S Tn Mountin come hom the Nww Haven RaCCoon Oub Two (rom tM direction of alu 2007-1G-18 lid Duham 7_113T1I Rana 2

46 Eml 0 ~1 Durham F9f2741 lullt throuah ~~dowl round found on windowsill 1 -

~ Projadll tKOVered by tn Sta PoliN from II Jtrik throuch II lhHrQom window TbrH Hdttion1 Jtrika w dLKovered in Nb-quent

Invtsttrftion Two addition rouncU w~ rftnad from the pool and

165 iri Moumaln f99166lAO and irain ClJtt4r MYrat W4MU tnr By S4ptalftbr additional loun w 1999-4Hl ftd poundgtIrk_ F97010t95Idbcovtrtd for bull total ~ eilht submrttd into vide 8

48 eaUyRd

lIfiOlmiddot21 Duma ft9O2aoCl2 ilft fodpd in hoUM detinad to btl e caliber ball 1 22 MuraDl

lD7-oa-G2 DvmM Pl1-ll7OU2 I bull found olodad In h_ I -

199amp-Umiddotzt 25S Tn Mountain I Rd Durh Pl7-G70995 _ ruclr by flra I t

_ addltlon1 eomplainu of projoctl strik om _~7 I 4+4( 1 i I I

As is evident in the chart the dispute between home-owners in the Town of the Durham and the owner

of Blue Trail Range has been active for more than ten years In September of 2009 the Town of Durham

and Golden Weise and Associates llC (GWA) entered into a contractual agreement to have GWA

provide an analysis and provide a reasonable explanation as to the cause of the distress ofthese

homeowners The analysis described in the remainder of this document su pports the following

conclusion It is very likely that prior to the range improvements made by the range owner under the

guidance of Mr Clark Vargas PE that the cause of distress to the Town of Durham Home-Owners was a

combination of direct-fire and ricocheted projectiles originating at the Blue Trail Range The

improvements made seem to have reduced the volume of projectiles exceeding the Blue Trail Range

Page 9

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 11: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

boundaries however even if Mr Vargas statement is correct that direct-fire rounds are now

adequately controlled we do not feel that sufficient controls are in place to control those rounds that

ricochet from various surfaces down-range In the current configuration the range has the potential to

be a public health hazard

In addition to the Blue Trail Range based on State Police Reports the following ranges are or have

been operational during the time the residents of Durham have voiced complaints

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club range was identified during investigations as a possible source for

some of the projectile strikes We evaluated their ranges in the same manner we evaluated the Blue

Trail Range and determined that their main rifle range is sited in a position faCing away from the Tri

Mountain area There is an additional range reputed to belong to this organization just north of the

Blue Trail Range This range was evaluated however we have no information on the operation of this

range

rhe New Haven Raccoon Hunters Club was referenced as a potential source for prOjectile strikes

however these strikes introduced an impact direction inconsistent with the majority of the complaints

According to the reports modifications were made to the range and no additional complaints were

attributed to this range

The DiNatale ReSidence was operating a home based range during the time some of the complaints

were received however the direction of fire described in the State Police reports (North by Northwest)

would not likely have been a source for prOjectiles We have no survey information on this range

however it is evident that it may have created the potential for public health risk for those using the

Blue Trail Tri Mountain State Park and the George Washington Trail We understand that this range is

no longer in use

The Miller Residence described as tree farm was also listed as a home based range however we have

no information on this range and find that it is highly unlikely that this range was responsible for

prOjectiles traveling from West to East

Page 10

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 12: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Figure ES-2 Ranges Operational in the Area of Tri Mou ntain Road

Figure ES-3 Bullet Strike Complaint Area

Page 11

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 13: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Trf Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes In the VIcinity of Trl Mountain Road

Figure ES-4 Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Figure ES-S Overview of the Potential Risk to Public Health Area

Page 12

i J

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 14: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Technical Method of Evaluation

Background In the spring of 2009 Mr Charles Golden (CEO of Golden Weise and Associates LLC) was

approached by the Town of Durham with a request to evaluate complaints from the residents of

Durham who are of the opinion that they are subject to undue endangerment based on projectile strikes

to homes in the Tri Mountain Road area (as depicted in Figure ES-3) and substantiated by the

subsequent State Police reports generated by resident complaints In the fall of 2009 the Town of

Durham placed Golden Weise and Associates LLC (GWA) on contract to review the evidence and

conduct an evaluation of potential health risks to the residents of the area In October 2009 the GWA

staff traveled to the Town of Durham met with the First Selectman interviewed residents conducted a

terrain walk of the Tri Mountain State Park and met with various public officials who were voicing the

concerns of their constituents We collected data from the Tax Assessor received updated State Police

investigation information and attended a meeting with representatives from the State Department of

Environmental Protection and the Department of Natural resources who are concerned with the use of

the Tri Mountain State Park the Blue Trail and George Washington Trail that are all active public

recreational areas where undue risks may also be present We attempted to obtain admittance to the

Blue Trail Range currently in litigation for these problems however we were denied access We were

allowed to collect two range safety evaluations done for the Blue Trail Range by Mr Clark Vargas of C

Vargas and Associates LTD and the safety implementation policies and range design changes made in

the summer of 2008 that were instituted as a result of his evaluations There has been only one

reported incidence of a confirmed projectile strike since these improvements were made however

residents of the area still claim that they can hear projectiles striking branches in trees above their

homes

Evaluation Procedures Evaluating civilian ranges for proper safety procedures is a tenuous task There

is little or no legislation in most areas of the United States for operating commerchllranges other than

those designed to protect theemployees of the complex The National Rifle Association publishes The

NRA Range Source Book which is an extremely valuable guide for the planning deSign operations and

maintenance of shooting range facilities After obtaining the most recent release of this reference we

determined that additional information was necessary to determine the probable causes of the reported

incidents in the Tri Mountain area As GWA primarily consults with the military on range safety issues

we determined that the use of Surface Danger Zones as described in Army Regulation 385-63 was

needed to determine the correlation of incidents to the activities of ranges in the area We further

needed the guidance published in the Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL 08-111 Small Arms

Range Design and Construction as it provides detailed guidance in the design of outdoor baffled ranges

The staff at GWA does not wish to enforce military construction standards on civilian range owners as

these standards are cost-prohibitive to civilian range owners however in order to provide a reasonable

explanation for the concerns of the citizens of the Town of Durham we determined that we needed

more technical information than what was supplied by the NRA Source Book and its guidance to range

owners and operators

Page 13

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 15: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Application of Surface Danger Zones The definition of a Surface Danger Zone as provided in Army

Regulation 385-63 is The ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to include

associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles fragments debris and

components resulting from the firing launching or detonation of weapon systems to include

ammunition explosives and demolition explosives Department of the Army Pamphlet 385-63 Range

Safety describes how these areas are calculated and drawn to determine the danger area produced by

given ammunition type For the purposes of this study common ammunition types were used to

produce Surface Danger Zones The chart below describes the ammunition types used and the

ammunition types that were inferred as falling within the limits of the computed surface danger zones

There are many types of ammunition on the market and these may be fired from many different

weapons Both the ammunition and the weapons have distinct characteristics that determine what a

projectile will do in flight if not impacted by an outside source This list is designed to cover a broad

range of possibilities

Table TE-l Pistol Ammunition Evaluation

Page 14

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 16: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Table TE-2 Rifle Ammunition Evaluation

Application of Ricochet Probability from the Range When designing ranges (military standard) the

range reputed to belong to the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club would be considered a non-contained

range We saw no evidence of baffles of any kind It is therefore probable that the unconstrained

shooter could fire to the full extent of the Surface Danger Zone All ricochets from the target area could

~ travel to approximately fifty-percent of the maximum range (as is directed on partially-contained

ranges) according to the above referenced Air Force Technical Letter

71132 All eXisting partially contained ranges that do not have the required SDZ must be programmed for upgrade or replacement to meet either full-distance non-contained range criteria fully contained range criteria or the footprint of an existing deficient SDZ must be increased to meet the 50 percent SDZ requirement for a partially contained range Existing partially contained ranges and other facilities designed in accordance with previously published criteria may continue to operate if range safety can be verified

This would also apply to ranges one and two of the Blue Trail Range Range One is presently used for pistols only and Range Two according to Mr Vargas report is used only for air-gun competition

Range Three and Range Four of the Blue Trail Range would qualify as partially-baffled ranges There is baffling in place to preclude the exit of direct-fire rounds however there are no measures in place that prevent the exit of rounds that ricochet off of an object within the confines of the range A fully-baffled

Page 15

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 17: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges In the Vicinity ofthe Trl Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

range contains all rounds fired The Connecticut Army National Guard is currently in the construction phase of a fully baffled range complex in East Haven and GWA has assisted in the design of this complex

Figure TE-3 Example of a Fully-Baffled Range

Figure 1 Firing Line View

Figure 2 - Behind Range View

The complex shown above is an approximately three million dollar project that accommodates pistols

and rifles firing to a distance of twenty-five meters These types of ranges are cost prohibitive for

courses of fire requiring targets at 100 yards or more

Ricochet Prediction and Control Ricochets are difficult to predict or control and they are the primary

cause of escapement on partially-baffled ranges Unlike the Air Force the Army does not allow the use

of the fifty-percent Surface Danger Zone rule for partially-baffled ranges The Army at Picatinny

Arsenal uses software that was developed over a thirty year period to terrain mitigate Surface Danger

Zones The software models the terrain of the range as well as any manmade control devices (baffles)

and through the software fires one-million rounds from each firing position to each associated target

This method produces the actual Surface Danger Zone for that range To evaluate the ranges that may

Page 16

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 18: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

be causing the distress to the Town of Durham the cost would be in excess of $100000 The drawings

below show the Surface Danger Zone for a range in New York as well as the vertical dome produced by

ricochets

Figure TE-4 Range Ricochet analysis Using Government Owned Software

Vertical Hazard Zone As depicted in Figure TE-4 ricochets have a vertical component and this vertical

component for the Army is listed in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 These calculations are used for determining

the altitude over military ranges where airspace control measures must be initiated These values are

based on ricochets leaving the target area In the drawings included with this analysis the vertical

hazard area is drawn as a plane above ground level and then evaluated for ballistic trajectories that

occur within the ricochet area as depicted by fifty-percent of the maximum range If ballistic trajectories

exist then there is a probability of ricochets leaving the target area and creating risk to the public

Technical Evaluation Summary Each ofthe ammunition types identified in Figures TE-1 and TE-2 have

been evaluated according to the criteria described above and the following describes the steps and

procedures usedshy

Step 1 Identify a firing box on each of the evaluated ranges that determines the area 1lefined by the far

left firing point and target point and the far right firing point and target point

Step 2 Apply the Surface Danger Zone for each of the ammunition types evaluated to determine the - -shy

unconstrained hazard area This is accomplished using ArcMap software and the Range Managers

Toolkit The Range Managers toolkit is Government-owned software used by all Army Range Managers

Step 3 Apply the arc that will define the fifty-percent SDZ to the danger area computed in Step 2

Step 4 Convert the final danger area into a format that will display in the public domain software

Google Earth for the convenience of those who will be using this report and have no access to the

ArcMap software

Step 5 Apply the vertical component to the Surface Danger Zones in Google Earth

Step 6 Evaluate the areas where there is a suspected issue with public safety hazards and determine if

there is a probability of safety risk

Page 17

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 19: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Conclusions

Based on the information we have available police reports and information generated from the

previously discussed guidelines and standards the following conclusions are submitted We will break

these conclusions down into two sections We will discuss the potential escapement possibilities prior to

the range improvements made from the Vargas recommendations

Conclusions Based on Range Usage Prior to Safety Modifications

1 SuperviSion of firing by all range users by certified range safety officers was not conducted at all

times This is a major safety violation on all civilian and military ranges

2 The type of firing conducted by range users was not supervised at all times This could include cross

lane firing firing in the air and firing at objects other than the prescribed targets

3 The use of automatic weapons could have been conducted without direct supervision at all times

Automatic weapons such as the Soviet and Chinese made AK -47 rifles have a tendency for the barrel to

rise when fired in the fully automatic mode Based on police reports these weapons or ones similar to

them were used on this range

4 Access to the firing ranges was not controlled at all times

5 Caliber and types of weapons used could not be verified by the range owners on a daily basis These

weapons and ammunition could include 50 caliber rifles and ammunition which can travel up to 6500

meters or 403 miles unobstructed

6 The 200 yard range has no backstop therefQre all ammunition fired was fired directly into or

potentially over the downrange ridge line The area commonly referred to in the police reports as the

bullet landing area is actually known as an impact area in range terminology This area is normally the

area where rounds impact into the ground or ricochet in other directions including vertically

Additionally the 200 yard range could have supported firing by individuals in a prone pOSition Firing

from the prone position at targets that are elevated would have raised the angle of fire from a flat

trajectory The upward angle would both increase the probability of firing over the ridge or creating

ricochets that would have an increased probability of landing beyond the ridge

7 The experience level and previous training of range users differed between expert users and novices

The resulting accuracy offire and safety consciousness differs remarkably between the two groups

Novices are more likely to miss the target due to incorrect aiming points and more likely to fire over the

target than experienced firers

8 The original report provided by Mr Vargas did not take into consideration the possibility of rounds

ricocheting off of the ground or objects downrange and then striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain

Road area

Page 18

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 20: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

9 These same conclusions can be used for all the Blue Trail ranges since full time supervision of the

ranges during all firing periods was not monitored or enforced

10 It is our opinion that rounds fired from the 200 yard rifle range were the most likely cause of rounds

striking the homes in the Tri-Mountain area However we also agree with the State Police that the only

way to completely verify that Blue Trail Range was the source of the rounds is to match a weapon fired

on the range with an associated projectile Our opinion is based on the surface danger zones supplied in

the Technical Evaluation the potential for ricochets to occur from a range with no baffles or backstops

non-supervised firing the use of automatic weapons and the direction of fire from the range to the

residences impacted

Conclusions Based on Range Usage after the Recommended Safety Modifications

1 Supervision of all firers is now monitored and it is assumed that safety violations are corrected on the

spot and violators are removed from the range

2 Backstops have been raised and maintained based on Mr Vargas follow up visit on September 3

2009 which should reduce the potential of direct fire projectiles escaping the range

3 Baffles have been added at the firing line which should reduce but not totally eliminate the chance

for errant rounds to escape the range between the firing line and the back stops There is still a potential

for rounds to strike the range floor target frames or backstop and ricochet over or off of the backstop

and continue down range andor other directions The NRA defines a backstop as itA device constructed

to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen structure placed between 16 and

20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended standards As stated backstops

will not stop all bullets but may redirect some The soil composition of the backstop (sand rocks and

gravel) and erosion are factors in the corresponding potential for escapement of projectiles The baffles

also do not extend overhead the length of the range from the firing line to the backstop as are required

for military ranges Please refer to the definition of a Partially Contained Range in the Glossary Also see

the NRA Source Book Diagram for an outdoor baffled rifle range

4 The addition of security cameras should prove valuable in assisting in the enforcement of range safety

regulations and determining if the range is accessed after normal operating hours if the cameras have

the capability to view the entire range and are in use 24 hours per day The cameras would also prove to

be extremely valuable to the owners in the case of a range accident involving injury to a range user

S The use of automatic weapons is no longer allowed on the range

6 The overall improvements to the range should greatly reduce but not totally eliminate the potential

for escapement of projectiles from the range and should greatly enhance the safe operations of the

range

Page 19 shy~gt

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 21: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

7 Based on the definition of a Partially Contained Range and the Surface Danger Zone in Enclosure 1

some areas of the Tri-Mountain State Park and Tri-Mountain Road may still be impacted by ricochets or

unobstructed rounds leaving the range

Additional information is included in each of the technical surveys of Blue Trail Ranges 1-4 in Enclosures

1-5

Page 20

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 22: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Backstop A device constructed to stop or redirect bullets fired on a range This is usually an earthen

structure placed between 16 and 20 feet in vertical height built in accordance with NRA recommended

standards

Baffles Barriers used to contain bullets and to reduce re-direct or suppress sound waves and possible stray bullets Baffles are placed either overhead alongside or at ground level to restrict or interrupt errant or off target shots A special baffle referred to as an eyebrow can be placed at the firing line to provide cover and minimize problems caused by double firing or they can be placed atop backstops to ensure on-site containment of all fired rounds

Berm An embankment used between shooting ranges to divide them or positioned to restrict bullets to a specific area These are built to establish shooting lanes and are usually 8 to 12 feet in vertical height

Bullet trap A device designed to trap or capture entire bullets or fragments versus redirecting the prOjectile into a water body wetland or earthen backstop

Distance X The maximum distance a projectile will travel when fired or launched at a given quadrant elevation with a given charge or propulsion system

Firing distance The distance between the firing line and the target line

Firing line A line parallel to the targets from behind which firearms are discharged

Firing Range (1) A facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to discharge firearms shoot air guns andor archery equipment (2) May refer to several ranges constructed together referred to as a complex or firing range complex

Fully Contained Range Range in which direct fire and ricochets are totally contained within the limits of the range There is no SDl requirement outside the limits of the containment

Handgun A term used to describe pistols either auto-loading single shot or cylinder types held in either one or two hands

Impact Area The area behind a target on a backstop or bullet trap where bullets are expected to impact This term may also refer to an area down range at an outdoor range where bullets will impact if not captured by a backstop

Line of site An imaginary straight line from the eye through the sights of a firearm to the target

Misfire Failure of a bullet cartridge to discharge after the firearms firing pin has struck the primer

Non-contained Range (Impact) A non-contained range is an outdooropen range The firing line may be covered or uncovered Direct-fire rounds and ricochets are unimpeded and may fall anywhere within the SDl (safety fan) The non-contained range requires a safety fan (SDl) equal to 100 percent of the

Page 21

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 23: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity ofthe Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range This type of range requires the largest amount of real estate to satisfy the SDZ requirements

Partially Contained Range This range has a covered firing line side containment overhead baffles and a bullet trap Direct fire is totally contained by the firing line canopy side containment baffles and bullet

trap (no blue sky observed from firing positions) Ricochets are not totally contained but reduced by the baffles and side containment A partially contained range requires a safety fan (SDZ) length equal to 50 percent of the maximum range ofthe most powerful round to be used on the range A partially contained range will not permit lateral movement along the firing line or movement towa rd the target line unless the range has the additional baffles required to stop direct fire at the downrange firing lines

Pistol A firearm capable of being held aimed and fired with one hand

Range The distance traveled by a projectile from a firearm to the final point of impact Three terms apply to range point blank effective and maximum For the purposes of shooting range design point blank refers to distances of five yards or less effective range means the greatest distance a prOjectile will travel with accuracy maximum range means the maximum distance (Distance X) a projectile will travel

Rifle (1) A modern firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder generally having a barrel more than 15 inches long Its main characteristic is a rifled (knurled grooved) barrel that imparts a spin to a single projectile as it travels through the bore (2) Some rifles designed for military or law enforcement use will have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Safety rules and regulations Standards used in the operation of a shooting range Safety rules and regulations are set up to govern the method of range operation to include health and safety procedures that must be followed throughout the facility Violation of range rules and regulations generally carries penalties such as suspension or banishment from a range for future use

Safety baffles Vertical or sloping barriers designed to prevent a projectiles from traveling into an undesired area or direction Most often used to prevent bullets from leaving the shooting range

ShC)tgun (1) A firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder with a smoothbore barrel that fires shot shells possessing a varying number of round pellets (2) Some barrels are designed to be used with rifled slugs most generally having smooth-bores but in rare cases may be rifled Law enforcement and military shotguns may have a pistol grip in lieu of a shoulder stock

Shot shell A shot shell is designed to be used in shotguns It is composed of a hull or shell a primer powder shot cup or wad and shot Shells are normally composed of paper or plastic

Small arms Firearms that may be discharged by one person versus artillery pieces Small arms are not subject to precise definitions but the term generally refers to rifles pistols shotguns submachine guns and machine guns

Small bore An NRA-sanctioned shooting event using 22 rim fire rifles and bullets on bulls eye targets

Page 22

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 24: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

line along which targets are placed

lt

Trajectory The path a p from t~e muzzle to the point of final impact

Velocity The speed travels usually measured and reported in feet per second or meters per second)

Page 23

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 25: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

Golden Weise and Associates LLC Information

Golden Weise and Associates LLC is a Veteran Owned Small Business that specializes in range management and consulting services GWA is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to support all National Guard Bureau range projects for approximately 60 National Guard installations The managing partners have over 20 years of experience each in the operation development and management of US Army range complexes GWA also is currently under contract with the National Guard Bureau to provide instructors and materials to teach the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) approved Levell Range Safety Course This course is the technical proficiency course that all US Army safety and range personnel attend for range safety certification We have experience in providing range consulting services in the United States Puerto Rico Guam and Afghanistan All members of our safety team are graduates of the US Army Level II Range Safety Course and sometimes selfe as instructors on an as required basis

We are the prinCiple manager for the Army National Guards live fire ranges for all fifty states and four

territories We assist in managing and supporting over 50 National Guard installations with their ranges

and range related issues We have managed one of the largest National Guard complexes in the country

that had over sixty Ii~e fire ranges We have provided safety inspections and investgations for all types

of ranges ranging from small arms to tank and aviation gunnery ranges We have assisted in the design

and construction of ranges for law enforcement including the Florida Department of Law Enforcement

GWA is also a member of the NRA Business Alliance We are currently assisting the Connecticut Army

National Guard with the design and development of a baffled range complex at East Haven Connecticut

1t should be noted here that the range in East Haven had escapement issues over a ridge line and into a

reservoir and was subsequently evaluated and designed to contain ALL ammunition fired on the range

This not only mitigated the escapement problem but entirely eliminated it

Enclosures

1 SDZ for firing small arms machineguns and shotguns firing at a fixed ground target from DA

Pamphlet 385-63 Range Safety

2 SDZ for BTR Range 1 (Dinan pistol Range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

3 SDZ for Range 2 (200 yard range) and range safety discussion with recommendations

4 SDZ for Range 3 (pistol only) and range safety discussion with recommendations

5 SDZ for Range 3 and 4 and range safety discussion with recommendations

Page 24

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 26: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

FINAL DRAFT SAFETY EVALUATION Ranges in the Vicinity of the Tri Mountain State Park the

George Washington Trail the Blue Trail and the Homes in the Vicinity of Tri Mountain Road

~ a laquo 2 o CI)

ffi a CI) Q

Notes For distancex see appendix B table B-1 Area A =100 m

Enclosure 1- Surface Danger Zone for Firing Small Arms machineguns and shotguns at fixed ground

target

Page 25

-

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 27: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Enclosure 2 -Blue Trail Range - Range 1 SDZ

ES - 2 -Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 1 also known as Dinan Range) is currently used as a SO yard pistol range This

range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 26

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 28: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with public areas however based on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates

this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm the report Also none of the State Police reports

have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where public

complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the Tri

Mountain State Park Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 27

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 29: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Publl~ TrlI IEnlel$ Trl Moun- Exceeds Rldae Enlers Complainl

lain Stale Park Area

Yes I Yes Yes No

No I No Negt No

Ranle Blue Trail

RanBeRGl

AmmunlUon 22 Lons Rifle

MaJdmum 1400 Meters AMp

Ricochet Ranse 700 Meters

Venit Hazard 96 Meters

Key $No ~

~ ~ IIbitTrlM__

0 1_1lInIbI IriIwoInU

__ 1IIIltoMIrIMd ____ r I

---1IImdI4tI_

III_SUI1oPoltt --Ilt-otIol

wc101_

MlIlallon Remarks

Rale balfl must be In placII to preclude flril ltAler rldp Ricochets do oot present a public

rilk

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 28

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 30: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranse Blue Trail

Range RGI

Ammunition 45 CaACP

Maximum 169Q Meter

Ralle

Ricochet Ranse 845 Meters

Vertical Hazard 100 Meters

--shy

InlhltJ1fl_oIn_

-_IArN-nIMouotol_ 1ltltl1gtn Tl1ib

J-w_IoICornplailgt5

bIkPotll

ITEM Ente Public T l1s Ent 1rl Mounshytaln State Park

ExdRldee Ente Complalnt

Area MIUatlonRemarlca j

Unonstralned

SDZ

Yes Yeo Yeo Yes Rante bafftes muot be in plate to preclude flrint over Ide Rlcothets do not presents public

risk

IlcochetArea 1o 10 No 1110 ~-- ~~-- ~~--~~~-

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 29

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 31: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

Rall8e RGI

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maxlmum 1806 Meterslt

Range

Ricochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

Key 1shy ~

~ 16tntlfIoId lnIlHrDI M __

D 1_1lmIbI_FlfIMo -- ~sectQd-~--1ImdIet_-Tn _1Stot

~ iJIubIlc-JonT1Is-Alt_ CoIalnb

mot

ITEM Enlell Public Trails Enten Trl Moun- Exteed RI die Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remarks taln State Park Aa

Unconstrained Yes Yea Yes Yes IRane baffles mutt be In plte to preclude fll over rldle SDZ

Ricochet Area Yel Yes No No IA small pPftlon on the northeall corne Intersects tr Appeilln to be Inslp1iflcant

Enclosure 2 BTR Range 1 Page 30

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 32: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

RangeRGl

Ammunition 9mmBall

Maximum 1800 Meters Range

RIcochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key Shape -~ f ~_InIhltoTrl__

0 _LIInIb~filllolP_ -- __lcgtMI 1Ioxf1ltt-

Td ~1 stat_ Pmt

1shy ~1c~TJu-_ 01 alcIcotloiCcollplalntgt

c _shyITEM Enters PubU Tralfs Enters Trl Mou

taln State Park

Exceeds Rldae Enters poundomplainl

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Un~ntralned

SDZ

Ye Yes 1 Yes R baffles must bO In place to preclude fin over rlelJe

IlcochllOre 1bullbull Yel Nt)____ No A small portion on the southt corne Intersects trail Appears to be Inslnflant ----shy

Enclosure 2 BrR Range 1 Page 31

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 33: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Enclosure 3 - Blue Trial Range - Range 2

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 2 was previously used as a ~OO yard rifle range that has been closed to all activity

other than air-gun (BBs and pellets) This range was open for rifle fire during the early period of complaints from the citizens of the Town of

Durham residing in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road The owner of Trail Range has expressed an interest in re-opening this range once it

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 32

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 34: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

has been modified with baffles to control weapons elevations and sufficiently bermed and modified to operate safely This range was evaluated

using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a map-spot

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form and all rifles except for 22 Long Rifle ammunition may cause ricochets that will produce conflicts

with public areas

Common ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and all (except for 22 Long Rifle) appear to present an increased public risk

for ricochets in the area where public complaints were received Future improvements to this range should address the comments we will

present in the evaluations of Ranges 3 and 4 Detailed reports are included below

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 33

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 35: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

----

RiIn8e

Ammunition

81ueTrail

Range RG2

22 Long Rifle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Range

Rltothet Range 1700 Meters

Verfltal Hazard 196 Meters

Key

M_St_

--- ~k~~middot~n~~~________~-_IoIC IoIl1otk_

EM Entera Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun IE~cds fUdI tlln State Parilt

UI

S[

nconstfalnlld Oz

RI cochBtAtea

Yel

No

Yel Yes

No No

Ent Complaint IMUllalion ReMarks

Ar~

Yes Rae baffles musl be In place to preclude fin over rldle

No ~ Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 34

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 36: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranle Blue Trail

Range RG2

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key ilia ~

yen ~1IIonamp ln1MTtI_ _

0 I_Umlts

L ~FPoIIlll -- I~---~--IIIoodIetAR-Id -1stllht P- lIIk__-~AlHIdenIiJoIC_~1--- ~ Iallklllt_

ITEM Enters Public Trails EntenTrt Mounshy

taln State Park

EMceed Rldampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIUeaUon Remarks

Unconstrained

SCi

Yes Ye Yes Yes Rallle baffles must be In Place to preclude fir over rldee

~chetAea_ Yes Yes -_shy -

Ves ~~-----

Yes -~~---

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 35

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 37: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranse 81ueTrail

Rall8e RG2

AmmunItion 556mm

Maximum 3437 Meters

Range

Ricochet Rall8e 1718 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key

111_111111

ITEM Enters Public Trlils Enters Trl Mounshy

tal n Stale Park

Exceeds Rldce Enters ComplaInt

Area

MltItlon Remarlel

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Yes Yes Rane baffl must be In Place to precludegt fhin eN rlde

Rlcocllet N811 Yes Yes Yes Yes

-----shy --shy ------__ bull _shy

I

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 36

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 38: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range 81ueTrail

Range RG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key ISilapto -shyI ~_InIllttTri-ln_

D 1_u1ts

l_flriNPoIoUi_TI_- ~sn-IlmI----1shyU1 MountStilte Pafk

~ _1lt__111gt--~- _ 01 aId4tnllol CompIolnIs

IOlllotk_

ITEM

-shyUnconstrained

SDZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public T tail

Ves

Ves

Enters Trl Mounmiddot

taln SUle Park

Ys

Yes

EKeeed Rldee

Yes

Yes

Ente Complaint

Area

Yes

Ves

Mldaation Remarks

Rani baffles must be In place to preclude flrin over tldae

i

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 37

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 39: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

RanseRG2

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 5288 Meters

Ranse

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

--of~

tllIbIk_-ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enlers Tri Mounmiddot

lain Siale Park IEkeeeds Rldae Enlen Complalnl

Area IMllIallon Remarks

Unconslralned SOZ

Ves Ves Ys Yes IRane baffles must be In place 10 preclude firin OVf1t rlde

RI cochet Are Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 3 - BTR Range 2 Page 38

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 40: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Enclosure 4 - Blue Trail Range - Range 3 - Firing Positions 2-19 I

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 3 is used as a 25 yard pistol range and a 100 yard rifle range This range will be

evaluated for the pistol portion (firing positions 2-19) only Range 3 firing positions 20-120 will be evaluated along with Range 4 as the same

firing events occur at both This range was evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range

based on a map-spot

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 39

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 41: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

All pistol Surface Danger Zones in their pure form produce conflicts with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road however based

on the reports from Clark Vargas and Associates this range is fully bermed side and rear We were not allowed to inspect this range to confirm

the report Also none of the State Police reports have sited pistol ammunition as a source of complaints

Common pistol ammunition types were evaluated for ricochet concerns and none of these appear to present a public danger in the area where

public complaints were received There are some ammunition types that show a possibility of increased risk to the public hiking trails and to the

Tri Mountain State Park Detailed reports below

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 40

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 42: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

RaS8

AnAmmunition

Blue Trail RanleRG3

22 Lonl Rifle

Mulmum 1400 Meters

R8I8II18e

Ricclaquohet Range 1700 Meters

Vertlcal Hazard 196 Meters

~ C ~

bull ~

-bull hll_P~

ITEMEM Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IExceeds Rldpounde

taln State Park

onstralnedUn~ Yes Yes Yes

SOl

chollAlJUfO No No No

Ent Complaint IMIIIatlon Remarks

Area

Yes

No

Rse baflles must be In plaoe to preclude Ilrl over rldee Rlooohets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 41

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 43: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Reanse

AIAmmunition

Blue Trail

Range RG3

45CaIACP

MMaxImum 1690 Meters

RBRanse

Rlicachet RBl18e 1845 Meters

VeertIcal Hazard 1100 Meters

Key

[

i Pfgtinb

~ I_to_tltoIoedst-__

bull-r-~-III-mMountaln-stbullbullPark

-II1IgtI1lt_ -I_of--~ Ibull

IlaIlhdc_

ITErM Enttrs Public Trails IEnters Trl Moun- IE~eeed Rldce

lain State Park

UncIontralned Yes Yes Yeo

SDZ

RicochetArea No Yes No

Enters Complaint IMIIIallon Remara

Area

Yes

No

Rat baffles musl be In place 10 preclude 110 ltyenVet (elfe Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 42

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 44: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG3

Ammunition 38 Spedal Ball

Maximum 1806 Meters

Range

RIcochet Range 903 Meters

Vertic Hazard 89 Meters

------__--_shy ~ -shy

Key ~ shyLJL ~1IIII-InIM1il_-_

0 l_llmIOI

J-- I FltIM PoInb ~

l_r_loltt-__liurI___

-1IloodIeshy-fri Mountaifl Stat hrlf- __InoTrIIlJ

~ _otIIII(om_

Illlio1kliltt

ITEM Ente Public Trail Ent Trl Moun

taln StalA Park

Exceed Rletae Ent Complalnl

Area

MltIadon R marlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Yes Yeo Yes Rant baffles mUit be In place to preclude IIrlnt over rldle bull

RlcQchetArea Yeo Yes No No A 1mall portion on the northeat corner Inte 6CU trlli Appea 10 be Insllnlfiunl I --shy

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 43

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 45: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranie Blue Trail

ltanse RG3

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Itane

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

Vertical Hazard 93 Meters

Key IShaK IdomIIfIutIoo

1f tdotntIfied InIlgtaTrI_

01_ _llmIIlI

_Ior__

~--u-w_srt Ilonpr_ -shy

-tgtt_ln___

-_ k_IonTlflb

of__~

1lt_

11EM Enters PUblic TraUs EntAlrs Trl Mounshy

tIIIn State Park

Exceeds Rldce Erilelll Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained

SOl Yes Yes Yes Yes lIanae baffles must be In place to preclude firlnj over rldce

I

RlcocNlI Area Yea Yes No No A small portJon on thesOltheast COfner Intersects trail Appars to b Inslnlflcanl

Enclosure 4 - BTR Range 3 Page 44

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 46: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Enclosure 5 - Blue Trail Range Range 4 and Range 3 Firing Positions 20-120

Blue Trail Range is divided into four distinct ranges Range 4 and Range 3 (firing positions 20120) are used as 1DO yard rifle ranges and have 50

yard targets as well The ranges were modified based on recommendations from Clark Vargas and Associates to include a berm at SO meters

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 45

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 47: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

and improvements were made to the 100 meter berm to increase its altitude to preclude blue-sky visibility when the firing line baffles are in

use These ranges were evaluated using a standard surface danger zone based on the approximate firing limits of the range based on a mapshy

spot The as-built drawings from the Clark Vargas and Associates reports are illustrated

The as-built drawings referenced above include an intermediate berm at approximately 50 meters downrangefrom the firing line Possible

ricochets in the detailed reports are presumed to originate from this berm This berm though presumably to control direct fire at the 50 yard

targets could act as a ground baffle when firers address the 100 yard targets According to the NRA Source Book ground baffles should include

measures to prevent ricochets from occurring near their peaks In the Clark Vargas and Associates reports there are no such measures

indicated Ground baffles have been known to increase ricochet hazards from projectile strikes at or near their peaks The Air Force strictly

prohibits the use of ground baffles on partially-contained ranges for this reason Previous training we have received at the NRA Range

Operations Course also specifically addressed ground baffles as undesirable although the current NRA Source Book does not reflect the same

All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road Assuming that the baffling

implemented by the range owner is controlling all direct fire rounds from being fired at an elevation that would allow a projectile to pass above

Tri Mountain State Park there are no controls referenced in either of Clark Vargas and Associates reports to control ricochets Without being

able to conduct an inspection of the range to confirm all possible safety issues that could exist we can suggest that addressing the following

issues may assist in reducing further ricochet incidents

1 Removethe 50 meter berm or modify it to reduce ricochet potential and inspect the downrange area for possible sources for ricochets

(rocks debris etc) and remove them

2 A single baffle at the firing line is likely insufficient for precluding firing above the Blue Trail Ridge There should be at least one

overhead baffle downrange constructed to neither allow blue-sky visibility above the ridge nor allow the highest penetrating round

fired on the range to pass through it This will alleviate incidents based upon shoote error or misalign~d scopes and sights

3 The 100 meter berm should have an eyebrow baffle installed also to be constructeti to preclude penetration The eyebrow baffle

should not be visible to a shooter due to the baffle suggested in 2 above This preclude rounds from ricocheting from the top of I

the 100 meter berm

There are no guarantees based on the unpredictability of a ricocheting projectile that these suggestions will preclude any ricochets from

occurring and leaving the range This can only be accomplished by building a fully-contained range as previously described They should

sufficiently control those hazards that appear to have the highest ricochet producing potential Detailed evaluations of common ammunition on

Range 4 are included below

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 46

1

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 48: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ran8e

Ammunition

Blue Trail RaIl8B RG4

22 Lon8 RIfle

Maximum 1400 Meters

Ran8e

RIcochet Rall8e 1700 Meters

VertkaI Hazard 196 Meters

Key

~

PoinIs

PoIntstMdSurl__lDM-wkothet_-fri__

--_aIoIC

IloIllttkhtll

ITEM IEnters Public Trails IEnlen Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

unconsralned1 Yes I Ves

SOZ

Ricochet Area No Yes

IEMceed Ridampe

Yes

No

Enlen ComplaiM IMldladon Remarks

Anea

Yes IRane baffles must be In place to preclude Ii OVf)J( rldle

No ISmail portion of lhe southeast corner Intersects park

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 47

I

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 49: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

~ngeRG4

Ammunition SS6mm

Maxlmllf1l 3100 Meters

Range

Ricochet ~nge 1550 Meters

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key 1shy ldentllkatlon

Iden_ theTrIM__

0 IUmllsl_flIIMloInlll -r__

- ~5url_~_ _-~--M_I__

- _ 1lt_ _-Arbullbull 01 01101 Comolal

IoIIlIlkPaIl

ITEM Enters Public Trails Enters Tri Mounshytaln State Park

E~ceeds lIIdampe Enters Complaint

Area

MIIIallon Remarks

Unconstrained SOl

I V I lei Rona baffl mut be In place to preclude flnna C1Ye( rlde

R~chetArea YltIIs V V Yes S Ricochet OIart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page4B

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 50: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranse Blue Trail Range RG4

AmmunItion 0224lnehes

4S sralns Bal coef 0202

Initial 3600 FtSec

Dlr 100 Desrees

Ricochet 2000 FtSee Dfr 100 Desrees

12 Delrees Up

1S78 Meter5

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters

Key -ISIIapol

_lt_Ilhlr~_IoIn_

0 _b

~ _f_ - PoInto_otnolnod ___10M - bullbull TrI __POJt

IIIltQcbd shy

--_k_Tbullbulln

Inut_ntlIC$Qp1alfttl

1IaI~_-

Round Ifflred from the Mn line bull ndrd muule weodty of 315011 Feet Pot So_ ot SO hili thlntedl berm nd rI_k Mixed UnItTlljct for Wlnmatbull224 dl 22lllem e bull Jd Hollow Point (USA) ot 21100 PSacond At n Bwoton A of 12de aIII1I Caeffld If 0 JI5- 0185 0185 0185 Q UlS VIDdty aaudlri (Feet Sed) of 2840 211laquo1 2840 211laquo1 WInd Olroctlon I 00 dodend WInd Iacity f 00 Mil r hour WInd eompo_t I (MIIII rHow OuwnRnll 00 C R 00 rtlcol 00 Th~ Flrln Ralnl ed of ound iI 1119117 fps The WI it bel t d of ound on t tnJeQory (Ul85I It l57_rs AltItude 103 Feet with I Stondrd Atmphlric Madol TemperllWnll 59 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 49

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 51: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range

Ammunition

Maximum Range

RIcochet Range

Vertk~ Hazard

Blue Trail Range RG4

SS6mm

3437 Meters

11718 Meters

1325 Meters

-bull---shytlI MoontalnsotJfadr_It_r_ _tlle

lallltlk_

ITEM IE

Unconstrained

SOl

ntens Public rrlIs

Yes

Entet$ Trl Mounshy

tain State Park

Ye

IEKceedsRldie

Yes

EnteR Complaint

Area

Yes

IMldlallon Remarks

Rel1le baffles must be In place to preciucraquo fi~ OWIrldie

RlcochetAfelil Yes Yes Yes Yes See Ricochet O1art

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 50

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 52: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranae Blue Trail Ranse

RG4

Ammunition 0224 Inches

4Sarans BaICoefO17S

Initial 4000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees 50 meters I

Rlcochet 2000 FtSec

Olr 100 Derees

22 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Igt _Ih

Round 1lInod from the IIdnllln It bull standrd mud Ioolly of 4IlIIIIFeot P S nd at 50 mote hit tho Intdllte berm Ind chillI

MIxed Unit TroJtDtV Wlncheet 2-4 die 22-250 Rem 45 JdaItIt~HoIIow P~lnt at 3000 Foot pr S bull nd

AI an El_Uoh A of n d elllllltlatfllclent of 01711 01711 01711 01711 0175

Voloolly Soundl1 (Felli PII Second) of 31148 30411 304830411

WInd OVettlon II 00 odock nd tWlndlielocltvf 00 Md per hour WInd Comp_nt (MIo per Houri DownRlnF 00 Cr a 00 llertl 00

The FlrInJ Point peod of ound 111987 Ips Th bullet drop bel_lhe pcIId of ound On lhe Ijdory (111813 fpl ~ 4l0 moten

Altitude ~ Foot with I Stlld1ord AtmOlphodlt Model

mplu 53 F

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 51

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 53: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

Range RG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range 1

Ricochet Range 2050 Meters I

I

Vertlc1 HaZllrd 706 Meters

Key SNipe IdenUIImIcm

ldoIntIflldllall lnllltllrlMlNnbIn_

CJ 1Ieunb1_flrioliPolnlsIwptshy- U--Surf _ZO-_011_-tri McluntaIJl 5bteParle - IIIIgtIIltltWIonT-_ of 111101 Cltgtmpla~

1lt111__

ITEM

Uneonstrlned

SOZ

Ricochet Area

Enters Public Trait

Yes

Yes

Enters Trl Moun

taln State Parle

Yas

Yes

EKeeed Rldle

Yes

Yes

Ente COmplaint

Area

y

Yes

MIIIallon RemariG

RaMIe blIfftes must be In place to preclude ftrll over rldJe

See RIcochet OIart -

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 52

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 54: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranse Blue Trail Ranse RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

123 sralns Bal Coef 0245

Initial 2355ftSec

Olr 100 Desrees 50 meters

Ricochet 1800 Ft5ec Olr 100 Desrees

24 Desrees Up

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key

10 IItltt Tn MOWlI1lnIorbullbull

- Poi

~ed SuIiJoat_Z_-~--TIl MlcmtoIn SlilII_ OIk __ II-------I-_111~ II

lIaIIlstlclgtnh

Round Is fired fro the ftrll1l Ine at 2355 Feet Per Second to the 50 meter berm and ricochets MIXiid UnU TraJectegtry for Winchester 308 die 762 x 39mm ua Cr Full Metal Jacket at 1800 Feet per Second At an El8lliltlon Al1Ile of 24 delre Ballistic ltoeffttlenbl of 0245 0245 0245 02450245 Vto~lty 8Qundarlli (Feet per Second) of 18921892 18921892 Wind Olreellon Is 00 oclock and bull WInd etocl tI of 00 MM per hour Wind Comlonents are (Miles per Ho) Down RangeO 0 OOM RBl1Ie 00 Vertical 00 Th flrlrw Point speed Qllound Is lU9B71ps The bullet drops below the speed of sound on the trajeory (U1869Ip$) at 279 met Altftude 103 Feet with a Standard Atmospheric Model Temperalure 59 F Ricochet path Is truncaled 10 pro d a clear view of theresldenllalrea

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 53

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 55: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Blue Trail

RangeRG4

Ammunition 762mm Ball

i

Maximum 5288 Meter

RanBe

Ricochet RanBe 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key 1$IIue IcIentIIbtIoA

IMntlIIed 101amp InIlHoTri MountIln_

0 -_Its IIIoAp FIJnr Polnto

- I~TIfi_-100ltl5lorl_0__

---shy- M MDuntaln~hft -_ic~TlIs

AnIaIdtnl~

111011lt_

ITEM Entell Public Trails Enters Trl Mounshy

taln State Park

Exceeds Rlcle Enteu Complaint

Area

Mltistion Remarks

Uneonstralned

soz Yes Ve Ves Ves Rance baffles must be In plac~ Ie prllciude lirin over rldee

Ricochet Area Yef Yes Yes Ves See Ricochet Chart

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 54

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 56: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

------

Range Blue Trail Range

RG4

Ammunition 0308 Inches

IS0gralns

8al Coef 0437

Initial 28~FtSec

Olr 100 Degrees

so meters

~cQChet 1800 FtSec

OJr 100 Degrees

21 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 152 Meters

Key I~ ~

~a_ tMTn_

rr _Ll~

a_FIrinI_ - I_T_Pointgt -~dSurl __

RlcltldctAIUbull Td ___

--fluldl( IteltRalltmltiil

lwoI_IIol~lolo

lt _Path

Round Is fired from the ftrlrllllneat a standard munlevelodtyof282S Feet Per Second at 5(1 meters hits the IntermedIate berm and rIcochets Mixed Unit Tr~eetorv for Winchester 30R eta 308 Win 15(1 cr XP at 1800 F t per ~econd At an Elevation AI~ of 21 dr_ Ballistic CoeMclenlll f 0437 0437043704370437

Velocity Boundaries IFeet per Seeond) of 2300 2300 2300 2300 Wind Dlrectlcm Is 00 oclock and a Wind Velocity of 00 Miles per hour Wind Comshyponent are IMlles per Hour) DownRanr 00 Ceo RaFlle 00 Vertical 00

The Flrl POint speed of sound Is 1119117 IpS The bullet drops below the speed of sound On the traJ~ctory (111671 Ips) at 493 meters Altitude 103 Feet with a stlllldard Atmospheric Model

T emperatjlre S9 f

Data Printed In Mixed Units

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 55

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 57: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

RanSE Blue TraJl

Ranlle RG4

Ammunition SO Cal Ball

Maximum 6100 Meter$

Ranse

RIcochet Ranse 30SOMeteu

Vrica Hazard 904 Meters

~ Key-shy1SMp

I 1CIltttlIlfIed1lo lnthoTrI-uIn_ I_u_ I ID

lVlIflrW_- -_Surl___ ---shy- -__shyk_T_-of~comlgtlolnlo

UlIkIku

ITEM IEnters Public Trads IEntars Trl Moun

tllin State Park

EMceeds Rldae Enlen Compl aint

Art

Mltiallon Remarias

Unconstrained

soz Yes Yes Ves Ves Rance baffles must be in place to preclude linnc over rid bullbullbull

Ricochet Area Ve Ves Ves Ves

Enclosure 5 - BTR Range 3 and 4 Page 56

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 58: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Analysis

The Wallingford Rod and Gun Club has an array of ranges available to their members There is a 6S yard range allowing rifles handguns and shotguns and this

range was evaluated based on State Police reports that state it may be a possible source of errant rounds within the complaint area The rifle range at the

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club is oriented to fire in a northwesterly direction and cannot be the cause of errant rounds in the Tri Mountain Road complaint area

(See next slide)

Enc10sure 6 - Wa1lingford Rod and Gun C]ub Range Page 57

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 59: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Wallingford Rod and Gun Club - Unidentified Range

We have identified one range in the vicinity of the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club and the Blue Trail Range that is not listed as an operational recreational range

In this area The property is reportedly used by the Wallingford Rod and Gun Club however there is currently no information on the type of weapons activities

that occur at this site For purposes of this report we have assumed that rifles and pistols are fired here based on the State Police reports that have identified

this range as a possible source for ~ome of the errant rounds in the complaint area Survey points are map-spotted based on aerial photographs The range has

no apparent baffling or formal firing lanes All Surface Danger Zones in their pure form conflict with the complaint area in the vicinity of Tri Mountain Road with

the exception of 22 long Rifle Without any apparent weapons controls (baffles) it can be assumed that the ent~re Surface Danger Zone can be an increased risk

area for citizens of Durham Ricochet zones and possible trajectories were evaluated More information will have to be gathered to determine if this range is

actually a potential source of the errant rounds in the complaint area

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 59

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 60: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Key lsi- _tIfItatIoogt

IHtitlticd_1heIMOIIIIIaIn Atel

0I_u_

1 II JIoIIII$ 1_1__

-lruldSUrfaal Danger

lIkodIot_

lrIM___ --bull-shy

1IlIoIIc~1l1l

IoirnICornogtIaIts

gt il0ll1gtlilt 111

Range

Ammunition

Maximum

Ranse

Ricochet Ranle

Vertical Hltzard

Wallingford

lIodand Gun

22 LonS mfle

1400 Meters

700 Meters

96 Meters

ITEM Enters Public Trail Enlers Trl Mounshy

lain State Park Exceed Rlelle Ente COmplaint

Area

Mltlatlon Remarks

Unconstrained

SDZ Yes Yes Ves No Rane baffles must be In place to preclude flrl OVfII rlde Ricochets do not present a public

risk

Rlcoehet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingfprd Rod and Gun Club Range Page 60

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 61: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranse Wallinsford

Rod and Gon

Ammunition 45 Cal ACP

Maximum 1690 Meters

Ranle

Ricochet Range 845 Meters

Vertical Hafard 100 Meters

Key SIlo ldentllkatlon

ntlflHIIlIltiIH In the Tri Mountlln 1If

0 _Oml_fllltamp1$_r_tPolnts- ~tt1IlMd_()__-_t_~ -TIl_inStall Parilt- Public lIIIltreatlon TltIII-_oI~ComplalntA

~ lIOHI$ticllllti

ITEM I Enters Publl Trails I EnteniT Mounmiddot Exceeds Rlde

lain State Park

Unconstrained Yes Yel YII SDZ

RicllChet Area No No No

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

No

MIIIallon Remarlcs

RlInae baffles musl be In plaee to preclude flrln over ride Rlcode5 do not present a public

risk

I I

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 61

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 62: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition 9mm Ball

Maximum

Range

1800 Meters

Ricochet Range 900 Meters

VerU=al Hazard 93 Meters

Key 511_

ntIfltrd __In Iile Tfl MouIIlaln At

shy0 I_UmlIll

1__ fir IcInis- I_TlIIHtPoinl l_~SUlf__

bull-~-- II_ft_Poshy-_IonToII AAlltoi lleildeatW Cltgtmplalnl$

mtkPilIil

ITEM

Unconstrained

I Enten Public Trails IEnters TI Mounshy

tain State Park

EMceeds Rldte Enters Complaint

Area

Mltiampadon Remarks

Ves Ves Ves Ves Ranae baffles mUSt be In place to pecllJde Itrin over rldte

SOZ

RI~ochetArea No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 62

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 63: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

--

Key IdoIntlflutkm1shy

lt$ IdntIfloltl b InIMo TrI_0 0 Ill LImIts- __bull Fill PoIntgt

1__101011 -U--1Md ktf_IWhIOflObullbull - IUooIIMot _

TrI __

IUIIIk 1IIMrftI ToIls -Al ofbsldentlalC__

I

IIIII1tampPllh

Range

AmmunlUon

Maximum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

WallingfOfd

Rod and Gun

38 Spedal 8all

1806 Meters

903 Memrs

89 Memrs

ITEM IEnters Publl( Trails IEnters Trl Mounshy EJt(eedt Rldampe Enters Compi Slnl Mltiation Remarks

taln State Park Area

Unconstrained Ves Ves Ve Ves Rance baffles must be In pla~e to pre(lude flrin OVIY ridge

SDZ

Ricochet Area No No No No

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 63

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 64: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

--

Ran8e

Ammunition

MaxImum

Range

RIcochet Range

Vertical Hazard

Wallin8ford

Rod and Gun Qub

SS6mm

3100 Meters

1550 Meters

319 Meters

Key Idontlllaolhm

Idorltlfle4 _In1M Til Mountain _

I shy

0 -1ltnlI$ PoIntlt

_TIIDt_ -wr _ Da1ItrlaM-IIIooltNtlltea

TII~__

Publk lleltfatioRrl shy

_01_ConI1shygt

1lIIistk ITEM

UnconstraIned

SOZ

Enters Public Trails

Yes

Ente Trl Mounmiddot

taln Stllte Park

Yel

Exceed Rldle

Yes

Enters Complaint

Area

Yes

MIIIJatlon Remarlas

Ranle baffles must be In place to preclude Itnn ovet rldle

Ricochet Area Yes Ves Yes -------shy -shy

Yes ----- ~----

See Flcochet Olarl ---

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 64

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 65: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

--

Range Wallingford Rod

and Gun dub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55raln5

Bal Caet 0235

Initial 3650 FtSec

Dlr 101 Degrees

300meter5

Ricochet 800 FtSec

Dlr 110 Deree~

30 Degrees Up

Vertical Hazard 319 Meters i

I

Key ldentifludonI~

_11f1ltId_ iltlthTrlMountlttlnArH

0 leUmlt

1~oriPo__nt_ U1IltOmItrillned SWfocalJa_loM-~rI_m_e_ -bull -shyiflublk _etion TrIU

_Iot_1IlComplointl

alllt1iPlth

RDund I fired fnlml Ii line at mIelocityof36~ Feel Second d ot 300 met It rknchetl MbcodUnlt TrejectoryforW~athertw124 dll 224 Wutharily 55 cr SP at 1100 Feet por S~ d At on fJewtn Anc1 aI 30 depe

aIIIttIlAefflclent 1I215 0295 0235 0295 0235 VelecltyBaudrles (Feet p Second) Df 3000 3000 3000 3000 Wind Direction Is ao Ddoclc Ind Wind Velocity 1 1110 Mile per hour

WInd Compnt Ire (Mlle por Haj DownRlnp 01) cra R 1110 Vertical II 0 The Flrlnl Point tpeed af ound iI 111337 fps

Altitude 1785 Fea with I Stlndrd Almap rie Modl rmpontllre 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 65

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 66: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Oub

Ammunition S56mm

Maximum

Range

3431 Meters

Ricochet Range 1118 Meters

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

Key SIIa_ ldentiliaolion

milled In tile TIMount bull -

ILlneeUmits0R flriPolnu

- I_T_O_IMd____ ---shytli ___

--IIItIIIlt_NtionT_

INofRUlclentlal~

II1II1$11lt_

ITEM I Enters Public Trails IEnters Trl Moonshy hteedl Rlde Enters Complaint MIIIallon Remar

taln State Park Area

Untonstrallllld Yes Yes Yes Yes Rse baffles most be In plate to pre~lude flrin over rldle

SOZ

RICOchet Area Yes Yes Yes Yeo See RIcochet Olart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rodand Gun Club Range Page 66

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 67: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Walllnsford Rod

andGunOub

Ammunition 0224 Inches

55 grains

Bal Caef 0235

Initial 3650FtSec Oir 107 Degrees

370 meters

Ricochet 2000 FtSec Dir 110 Degrees

80egrees Up

Vertical Hazard 325 Meters

iTri_tiQstlIIltolorlr IIJbIk lIlaquoreafiGn Trolls-Arvf~ol(_tlnu

8a11fSClt PatII

Round I fired the flnniline II muzzle lIelldtv I 36~ Feet Per 51nd Ind eKhoI ~III meterd ricochets Mlleed Unit rnJectory farWeotherby 224 dl 224 Weathen 55 V SP It 20111 Feet per 51ca d At InS_Ion Anp of B ltlevec BIIIIlotI Caeffidnt of 0235112351123511235 0235 VCI~cIty Blunderi ( per Second) Qf 1110 1lOIIIllOOO 3000 Wind Direction II 00 dade Ind I WI d Velacly 0100 1141 rhour Wind Components are (Mlle per Hour DownRln 00 Crall Rln 00 llertlcal 00 The Flrinl Point speed Qf _oud Is 111981 The bullet dtuPI below the __d Qf sound on the traJectry (111725 tp) at 325 meten Altitude 103 feet with Stlndard AtmDlphari Model Temp_u 59 F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 67

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 68: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Ranae Wallingford

Rodand6un

Ammunition 762mm Ball

Maximum 4100 Meters

Range

Ricochet Ranae 20SOMeters

Vertical Hazard 706 Meters

Key 1shy wntlflaotlan

IdeItIfitd 1111 In til Ttl Mcnintoln

_Umb0ffllnl tgtqinlS

~ - r _ottalnN5ur- o_Zone

-bull ~-- 1r~_eP -IubIlltIluoTmb

Area oIlie01dd11al agtmp_

IIIIIotk -til

ITEM Enten Publl~ TraYs Enten Tri Mounmiddot taln Slate ParIlt

Exceed Rlclae Enten Complaint Area

Mllillalion Remarks

Uncontraifllld SOl

Yes Yes Ves Ves Ranlle baffles must be In place to preclude flrinll oVe rlclae

Ricochet Ara Ves Ves Yel Ves See Ricochet OlaF

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 68

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 69: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Key SIlo IdentIfItat_

1L identified I in IIIc lIfMaunUi AI

0 I_Hlmits

Points T__- IJllltlgtMlrllnedSo- IIZOM---------shy-Td_lnStot ParIt- IIUIIIIlt_~TbullbullII-Aluol_ICompIoIDu

-shy

Range

Ammunition

Initial

RIcochet

Vertical Hazard

Wallingford Rod

and Gun Cub

0308Inches

124 grains

8al Coef 0298

2350 FtSec

Dlr 107 Degrees

300 meters

1000 FtSec

Dlr 110 De8ree~

22 Desrees Up

706 Meters

I

Round I fired Ill the finn lin at mzl~ city of 2350 FIIt Per Second and trtVels 3110 lAIn downnnp and rtcad1etr MtledUnlt Trljectoryfor Federal CartrtdP 308 dl bullbull 16h3lmm 124 FMlAmerlClln fat 1000 Feet per Second At an Elevation AnPe of 22 decree Ballile CoeffIdentl rtf 112i8 D2i8 1l2i8 112i8 0298 Veledty Baundies (Feel per scandl of 1840 1840 184D 1N WInd Dllection DD adadlt and WInd Ielodty of 0 P Mlles pe hour WInd Component _IMIIe peHour) D-Rlnp 00 cm Ranp 00 Vertical 00 TIle Flrtn PDlnt peed Df aund ill 111981 fpo The bullet daps below the lpeed of ound an the traJettary (111981 Ips) at 000 mete Altitude lOlFmwlth bull Sllndrd AtmospherteModel Temp_ure Ill F

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 69

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 70: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

~ M

Range

Ammunition

Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Club

762mmBall

Maximum

Range

5288 Meters

Ricochet Range 2644 Meters

Vertical Hazard 752 Meters

Key ldontiflutlonS~

identified _ In tINt l~ Moonhin ArM ~ 0 1_I_UmIb

FI Points

I_T_tPolnt ~__Donftr_

IIIagtdIel IIzel

Mountoln _e P --bull-shy

Plk _eall y10

ArNot_ldanlLlI Complaints

8alllttk_

ITEM Enter Public Tnll Ente Trl Mounshy

taln Stilt- PIIrt

Excuds Rlde Ente Complaint

Area

Mltlatlan Remarks

Unconstnllned

SOz V V Ves Vs fIIInl IMfftes must 1M place to pr~lud flrlll over rldi

RIcodIet Are Ve Ve Ves Vas See RIcocMt Chart

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 70

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72

Page 71: Safety Evaluation on Blue Trail Range

Range Wallingford

Rod and Gun

Ammunition SOCai Ball

Maximum 6100 Meters

Range

RlcO(het Range 3050 Meters

Vertical Hazard 904 Meters

Key 5hargt IdtmIlIkoIlon

IcIomtIfled 11111111$10 the T1I _IAI

IlIIHIPtlmlll0111_ fldIIamp PoInts

-_ TlIIpI Pol -~_~lloM

- I

_t~

_fhloUr__

--Public ott n lIaIlo

_ of lIHIdltntlotfIaIM

IIII1RllCP~ ITEM I Enters Public Trails I Enters Tri Mounshy

t1ln Siale Park

Exceeds Rl die Enters Complaint

Area

Mlllatlon Remarlcs

Unconstrained

SOZ Yes Ves Ves Yes Ranae baffles must be In place 10 preclude lIrlna over rlde

Ricochet lIa Ves Yes Yes Yes

Enclosure 6 - Wallingford Rod and Gun Club Range Page 72