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He's always taken for granted theaccuracy of his vision. He scarcely realizes that now he does not see sharply atclose range.Modern fightig machines are preci-

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2 SCEC-DERIEET VOL 96o.20

Di11BWological ScienceTexts that Will get results

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Functional NeuroanatomyThis book presents the study of neuroanatomy from the systemic

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Human Anatomy-loth EditionThis is a complete study of the structure of the human body written

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Chordate AnatomyThe authors present in this volume material for a sound morphologi-

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Introduction and Guide to theStudy of Histology

This book provides the material for a basic course in histology. Itis intended to strengthen the foundations for further study in physiol-ogy and pathology. Comprehensive directions for laboratory work areincluded. By A. E. Lambert, State Univ. of Iowa Medical School

Textbook of Histology -5th EditionThis widely adopted text presents a study of histology with emphasis

on development and the resulting form. Function is discussed as ithelps to explain morphology. By J. L. Bremer, Harvard MedicalSchool

Elements of GeneticsThis text presents material for an introductory course in the ele-

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Laboratory Guide in Elementary$1.75 (1941) Bacteriology

Designed for use in a one-semester course, this manual presents 92experiments grouped as follows: Introductory Technique; Morphology;Physiology of Bacteria; Applied Bacteriology; Serology and Infection.By M. S. Marshall, Univ. of California

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, No. 25032

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VOL. 96, No. 25034 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

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KODACHROMESLIDEBOXES

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16 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 969 No. 2503

Dawns 18, 1942 SCIENCE-ADERIEMNT-

More bombs for Berlin . .c. more terror for TokioIN TOTAL w rin; every pound

of metal we can save mesasjust 80 much added destrutionwe can hurl at the enemy.

7000 tons of steel saved meansapproximately 70,000 more heavybombs to drop on Berlin andTokio.

2500 tons of copper savedmeans nearly 1,000,000 addi-tional 3 in. A. A. cartridge easesfor blasting Zer6s and Maser-schmitts out of the sky.Westinghouse will save these

huge amounts of steel and copperduring 1942 in its TransformerPlant alone..,. because of radAcalimprovements in transformermaterials and desgn that havecome out of the WestinghouseResearch Laboratories and West-inghouse engineering:An entirly new kind of trans-formerstee wherein the crys-tii line up lie tenpins in a row,instead of in helter-skelter fash-ion as m" ordinar silicon steel.This new grain-oented steel. . .-called Hipersi . . is the result ofnine years of intensive study andexperiment by Westinghouse Re-search Engineers.

Hipersil has ^on tird -moreflux-carrying capacity than thebest grade of ordi narysiico

steel. Because of its higher per-meability, less Hipersil core ma-terial is nee Transformerweight may be reduced 56 to 80per cent. Hipersil, alone, willsave thousands of tons of criticalsteel and copper in the vast num-ber of transfotmers Westing-house will make during 1942.Forced oilcooloed traso ersin which the cooling medium is-rapidly circulated inside thetransformer shell. This meaquicker heat removal. Smallercores and coils can do a biggerjob. Strategic steel and copperare saved to help win the war.

Copper temperature controLHere a-liquid-cooled transformercarries a load up to the point,where the copper reaches a criti-cal temperature, beyond whichthe insulation may be damaged.By the use of this thermal con-trol, higher safe loads can becarried. A transformer of agiven size, therefore, does morework ..-. another way of saving

steel and copper for more shellsand tanks and ships to hurl atthe Axis.

Westinghouse makes trans-formers in a wide variety ofsizes . . . from tiny units for usein portable iwalkie-talkie" radiosets, to high-power transformersas big as a six-room house.These latter transormers weigh257 tons. As a further exampleof the economy in strategic ma-terials effected by Hipersil, 40tons of steel and 4 tons of Cop-per are saved through the use ofthis new magnetic material inthe construction of such a trans-formner.

Better transformers go handim hand with these major achieve-ments of Westinghouse "knowhow" in saving strategic ma-terials for our all-out drive tovictory.

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, No. 25038

0

SCIENCEVOL. 96 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1942 No. 2503

The Organization of Biology and Agriculture: DR. KOPPANYI and PROFESSOR CHARLES R. LINEGAR.ROBERT F. GRis .............. 545 The Action of Sulfanilamide Compounds on the

Lethal Factor of Bacterial Toxins: 'DR. S. H.Obituary-: HUTNER and DR. PAUL A. ZAHL. AnticipatoryJohn Joseph Bonan: DR. A. K. SNELGROVE. Recent Cardiac Acceleration During Sleep: DR. M. M.

Deaths..551 JACKSON.56

Scientific Events: Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:Grants for War Research to the University of Cin-cinnati; The Supply of Technical Men to the A Rapid Method for the Determination of NitrogenArmed Forces and to Industry; Bare Chemicals; in Plant Tissue: DR. R. C. LINDNER and C. P.The Inter-American Program of the American HARLEY..... 565Standards Association; Fellowships in the MedicalSciences of the National Research Council ....................................552 Science News.10

Scientific Notes and News ........... ........................ 555

Discussion:Predetermination of Sex: DR. JOHN W. GOWEN SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-and RONALD H. NELSON. Pedigreed Pine for ment of Scieeice, edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL and pub-Naval Stores Production: H. L. MITCHELL, C. S. lished every Friday bySCHOPmEYER and K. W. DORMAN. A Need forMore Uniform Usage of Words of Indefinite Mean- THE SCIENCE PRESSing: P. C. ACKERMAN .......................... 558 Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Scientific Books:ForestiTree Seed: Dn. HARDY L. SHIRLEY . 560 Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.Forest Tree Seed: DR. HARDY L. SHIRLEY ...........560SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-

Special Articles: tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-Cross-circulation as aMethodin the Study of Drg ing membership in the Association may be secured fromCross-circuxlation as a Method i~n the Study of Drug the office of the permanent secretary in the Smithsonian

Fixation and Poisoning: PROFESSOR THEODORE Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

THE ORGANIZATION OF BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTUREBy Dr. ROBERT F. GRIGGS

CHAIRMAN, DIVISION OF BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE, THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

OVER and over again as I endeavor to facilitatethe contributions of biology and agriculture towardwinning the war, I encounter the unorganized andincoherent condition of our group of sciences. Ihave come to believe that this lack of organization,and the lack of unified objectives that goes with it,is of itself partly responsible for the comparativelyineffective application of biology and agriculture tothe needs of a total war.

To assist in clarifying our functions and our re-

sponsibilities, I have constructed an organizationchart (Fig. 1). In its conception the chart is entirelyabstract. Its contact with the present situation comes

through the numbered references in the appropriateboxes to the national technical societies in whosehands to a large extent lies the professional guidance

of those arts and sciences by which man produces hisfood and the organie raw materials which he uses inhis civilization.To point out that the products of the soil constitute

the most fundamental and the only really essentialfactors in man's existence is to state a truism to whichthere is no occasion to call your attention. The chartis presented, rather, to emphasize the complexity ofthe problem of organization which is faced by biology,using that term in its widest sense including its appli-cations.The outstanding feature of biology and agriculture,

and it must immediately occur upon any considerationof these fields, is the number and diversity of theorganizations included in the group. Whereas chem-ists of all sorts support one strong chemical society,