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The New Global Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

Background : The classification and labelling of chemicals and their hazards varied from country to country. Which creates many safety issues, e.g. the same substance may be classified at the same time as toxic, non-hazardous or harmful to health – depending on which country the classification was made – who is correct? The new Global Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, developed by the UN, has been created to ideally harmonise these different issues with one common system.Timeline :

01/01/2009 GHS came into force 01/12/2010 all substances classified and labelled in accordance with GHS criteria 01/06/2015 all mixtures classified and labelled in accordance with GHS criteria

What’s changing? : Introduction of new Hazard classifications and categories Hazard pictograms Signal words Hazard statements Precautionary statements Materials Science Data Sheets (MSDS) is changing to Safety Data Sheets (SDS)Main changes:

Symbols – replaced with new pictograms – square (usually red) set on a point with black symbols on a white background (see Figure 1)

Indication of danger (e.g. highly flammable or toxic) replaced with signal word Signal word gives information about the relative hazard level and alerts user to potential

hazard In GHS, there are two different signal words:

o ‘Danger’ indicates more severe hazard categorieso ‘Warning’ indicates less severe hazard categories

Risk (R) and Safety (S) phrases – replaced by Hazard (H) and Precautionary (P) statements Some major changes to the wording, e.g. ‘Very Toxic’ replaced by ‘Fatal’

Format of Safety Data Sheets – Information should be presented as:1. Identification 9. Physical and chemical properties2. Hazard(s) identification 10. Stability and reactivity3. Composition/information on ingredients 11. Toxicological information4. First-aid measures 12. Ecological information5. Fire-fighting measures 13. Disposal considerations6. Accidental release measures 14. Transport information7. Handling and storage 15. Regulatory information8. Exposure controls/personal protection 16. Other information

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GHS labelling : pictogramsGHS labelling : pictograms– Square set on a point; Red border*– White background; Black symbols

•Some symbols may have a black border•CMR = carcinogenic, germ cell mutagenic, toxic to reproduction; STOT = specific target organ toxicity

Explosives

Physical Hazards

Flammable liquids

Oxidizingliquids

Compressed gases

Corrosive to metals

Acute toxicity

Skincorrosion

Skinirritation

CMR, STOTAspiration Hazard

Hazardous to aquatic environment

Health Hazards Env. Hazards

Hazard Statements : A hazard statement is a phrase, assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature / intrinsic

property of a hazardous product as well as the hazard level, e.g. Heating may cause an explosion Causes eye irritation Fatal if swallowed Toxic to aquatic life

Hazard (H) statementsHazard (H) statements

Hazard statement group

2 Physical hazards3 Health hazards4 Environmental hazards

Hazard statement H300 – Fatal if swallowed

Sequence in the group

H240 – heating may cause explosionH320 – causes eye irritationH401 – toxic to aquatic life

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PHYSICAL HAZARDS – (* denotes European Union specific)EUH001* Explosive when dryEUH006* Explosive with or without contact with airEUH014* Reacts violently with waterEUH018* In use may form flammable / explosive vapour-air mixtureEUH019* May form explosive peroxidesEUH044* Risk of explosion if heated under confinementH200 Unstable explosiveH201 Explosive; mass explosion hazardEUH201* Contains lead. Should not be used on surfaces liable to be chewed or sucked by childrenEUH201A* Warning! Contains leadH202 Explosive; severe projection hazardEUH202* Cyanoacrylate. Danger. Bonds skin and eyes in seconds. Keep out of reach of childrenH203 Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazardEUH203* Contains chromium (VI). May produce an allergic reactionH204 Fire or projection hazardEUH204* Contains isocyanates. May produce an allergic reactionH205 May mass explode in fireEUH205* Contains epoxy constituents. May produce an allergic reactionEUH206* Warning! Do not use together with other products. May release dangerous gases (chlorine)EUH207* Warning! Contains cadmium. Dangerous fumes are formed during use. See information supplied

by the manufacturer. Comply with the safety instructionsEUH208* Contains <name of sensitising substance>. May produce an allergic reactionEUH209* Can become highly flammable in useEUH009A Can become flammable in useEUH210* Safety data sheet available on requestH220 Extremely flammable gasH221 Flammable gasH222 Extremely flammable materialH223 Flammable materialH224 Extremely flammable liquid and vapourH225 Highly flammable liquid and vapourH226 Flammable liquid and vapourH227 Combustible liquidH228 Flammable solidH240 Heating may cause an explosionH241 Heating may cause a fire or explosionH242 Heating may cause a fireH250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to airH251 Self-heating; may catch fireH252 Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fireH260 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneouslyH261 In contact with water releases flammable gasH270 May cause or intensify fire; oxidiserH271 May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiserH272 May intensify fire; oxidiserH280 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heatedH281 Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injuryH290 May be corrosive to metals

HEALTH HAZARDS – (* denotes European Union specific)EUH029* Contact with water liberates toxic gasEUH031* Contact with acids liberates toxic gasEUH032* Contact with acids liberates very toxic gasEUH066* Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or crackingEUH070* Toxic by eye contactEUH071* Corrosive to the respiratory tractH300 Fatal if swallowedH301 Toxic if swallowedH302 Harmful if swallowedH303 May be harmful if swallowedH304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

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H305 May be harmful if swallowed and enters airwaysH310 Fatal in contact with skinH311 Toxic in contact with skinH312 Harmful in contact with skinH313 May be harmful in contact with skinH314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damageH315 Causes skin irritationH316 Causes mild skin irritationH317 May cause an allergic skin reactionH318 Causes serious eye damageH319 Causes serious eye irritationH320 Causes eye irritationH330 Fatal if inhaledH331 Toxic if inhaledH332 Harmful if inhaledH333 May be harmful if inhaledH334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms of breathing difficulties if inhaledH335 May cause respiratory irritationH336 May cause drowsiness or dizzinessH340 May cause genetic defectsH341 Suspected of causing genetic defectsH350 May cause cancerH351 Suspected of causing cancerH360 May damage fertility or the unborn childH361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn childH362 May cause harm to breast-fed childrenH370 Causes damage to organsH371 May cause damage to organsH372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposureH373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS – (* denotes European Union specific)EUH059* Hazardous to the ozone layerH400 Very toxic to aquatic lifeH401 Toxic to aquatic lifeEUH401* To avoid risks to human health and the environment, comply with the instructions for useH402 Harmful to aquatic lifeH410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effectsH411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effectsH412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effectsH413 May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

Precautionary Statements :A precautionary statement is a phrase and / or a pictogram that describes the recommended measures that

should be taken to prevent / minimise adverse effects from exposure to a hazardous product, e.g. Keep out of reach of children Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area Evacuate area Protect from sunlight Dispose of contents / container to ……

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Precautionary (P) statementsPrecautionary (P) statements

Precautionary statement group1 General2 Prevention3 Response4 Storage5 Disposal

Precautionary statement P 380 – Evacuate area

Sequence in the groupP102 – keep out of reach of childrenP271 – use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areaP410 – protect from sunlightP501 – dispose of contents/container to…

1 General

2 Prevention

General Precautionary StatementsP101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at handP102 Keep out of reach of childrenP103 Read label before use

Prevention Precautionary StatementsP201 Obtain special instructions before useP202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understoodP210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces – No SmokingP211 Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition sourceP220 Keep/store away from clothing/ …… /combustible materialsP221 Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustiblesP222 Do not allow contact with airP223 Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fireP230 Keep wetted with ……P231 Handle under inert gasP232 Protect from moistureP233 Keep container tightly closedP234 Keep only in ……..P235 Keep coolP240 Ground/bond container and receiving equipmentP241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/light/…../equipmentP242 Use only non-sparking toolsP243 Take precautionary measures against static dischargeP244 Keep reduction valves free from grease and oilP250 Do not subject to grinding/shock/ ……../frictionP251 Pressurised container – do not pierce or burn, even after useP260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/sprayP261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/sprayP262 Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothingP263 Avoid contact during pregnancy/ while nursingP264 Wash …… thoroughly after handlingP270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this productP271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated areaP272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the work placeP273 Avoid release to the environmentP280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protectionP281 Use personal protective equipment as requiredP282 Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection

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P283 Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothingP284 Wear respiratory protectionP285 In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection

P231+232 Handle under inert gas. Protect from moistureP235+410 Keep cool. Protect from sunlight

Response Precautionary StatementsP301 IF SWALLOWED:P302 IF ON SKIN:P303 IF ON SKIN (or hair):P304 IF INHALED:P305 IF IN EYES:P306 IF ON CLOTHING:P307 IF exposed:P308 IF exposed or concerned:P309 IF exposed or you feel unwell:P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP311 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwellP313 Get medical advice/attentionP314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwellP315 Get immediate medical advice/attentionP320 Specific treatment is urgent (see ….. on this label)P321 Specific treatment (see …… on this label)P322 Specific measures (see ..… on this label)P330 Rinse mouthP331 DO NOT induce vomitingP332 If skin irritation occurs:P333 If skin irritation or a rash occurs:P334 Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandagesP335 Brush off loose particles from skinP336 Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected areasP337 Brush off loose particles from skinP338 If eye irritation persists:P340 Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsingP341 If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for

breathingP342 If experiencing respiratory symptoms:P350 Gently wash with soap and waterP351 Rinse continuously for several minuteP352 Wash with soap and waterP353 Rinse skin with water/showerP360 Rinse immediately all clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothesP361 Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothingP362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuseP363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuseP370 In case of fire:P371 In case of major fire and large quantities:P372 Explosion risk in case of fireP373 DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosivesP374 Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distanceP375 Fight fire remotely due to risk of explosionP376 Stop leak is safe to do soP377 Leaking gas fire – do not extinguish unless leak can be stopped safelyP378 Use ……… for extinctionP380 Evacuate areaP381 Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do soP391 Collect spillage

P301+310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP301+312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell

P301+330+331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomitingP302+334 IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandagesP302+350 IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with soap and water

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P302+352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and waterP303+361+353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with

water/shower P304+312 IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwellP304+340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathingP304+341 IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep in a position comfortable

for breathingP305+351+338 IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present

and easy to do – continue rinsingP306+360 IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before

removing clothingP307+311 IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP308+313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attentionP309+311 IF exposed or you feel unwell: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP332+313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attentionP333+313 If skin irritation or a rash occurs: Get medical advice/attentionP335+334 Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandagesP337+313 Get medical advice/attentionP342+311 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physicianP370+376 In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to do soP370+378 In case of fire: Use ……. For extinctionP370+380 In case of fire: Evacuate area

P370+380+375 In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to risk of explosionP371+380+375 In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of

explosionStorage Precautionary Statements

P401 Store …………….P402 Store in a dry placeP403 Store in a well ventilated placeP405 Store locked upP406 Store in a corrosive resistant/ ……….. container with a resistant inner linerP407 Maintain air gap between stacks/palletsP410 Protect from sunlightP411 Store at temperatures not exceeding …….°C/ ………..°FP412 Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C/122°FP420 Store away from other materialsP422 Store contents under ……..

P402+404 Store in a dry place. Store in a closed containerP403+233 Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closedP403+235 Store in a well ventilated place. Keep coolP410+403 Protect from sunlight. Store in a well ventilated placeP410+412 Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C/122°FP411+235 Store at temperatures not exceeding …..°C/ ….. °F. Keep cool

Disposal Precautionary StatementsP501 Dispose of contents/container to …….

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