s1 workbook 1 science skills, knowledge and...

S1

Workbook 1

Science Skills,

Knowledge and

Understanding

Name: ______________________________________

Class: ______________________________________

1 | P a g e

Bar Graph Example Twenty pupils on a school bus were asked their ages. The numbers of pupils with the various ages is shown in the table below. Draw a Bar Graph using this data.

Age (years) Number of pupils

12 2

13 6

14 3 15 7

16 2

A bar chart should have

Axes with labels and units

A scale on the vertical axis

Bars drawn to the correct height.

Drawing Tables Example The typical shoulder height of horse breeds are Donkey 100cm, Polo pony 140cm, Arabian 145cm, Hunter 152cm, Draught 163cm. Draw a table to present this information.

Horse Breed Shoulder Height (cm)

Donkey 100

Polo Pony 140

Arabian 145

Hunter 152

Draught 163

Note on investigation tables:

A table must have headings containing the quantity and its units.

The independent variable goes in the left column.

Age (Years) 12 13 14 15 16

Number Of Pupils

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

2 | P a g e

0

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Hei

ght

(m)

Age (Years) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Age (Years)

Height (m)

0 0

1 1.0 2 2.0

3 2.8

4 3.9 5 4.7

6 6.1

Label and units

Evenly spaced scale

Correctly plotted points

Join the plotted points with a series of straight lines

Label and units

Evenly spaced scale

Line Graph Example

Line Graph Checklist Each line graph must contain


A horizontal axis with an evenly spaced scale

A vertical axis with an evenly spaced scale


Straight Lines joining the points.

Note: The independent variable goes on the horizontal axis. The dependent variable goes on the vertical axis.

3 | P a g e

0

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (s)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (s) Distance (m)

0 0 1.0 1.1

2.0 2.1

3.0 2.9 4.0 4.0

5.0 4.8 6.0 6.2

Label and units

Evenly spaced scale


Best fit line which follows the data and approximately equal numbers of data points on each side.

Label and units

Evenly spaced scale

Scatter Graph Checklist Each scatter graph must contain





A best fit line.

Scatter Graph Example

Note: The independent variable goes on the horizontal axis. The dependent variable goes on the vertical axis.

4 | P a g e

Investigations - Identifying Variables

Q1. A pupil is investigating the effect of changing brightness has on the growth of plants.

She has identified the following variables o Plant Height o Volume of water used to water the plants o Volume of soil used to grow the plants o Brightness o Type of plant

In this investigation which of these variables would be suitable for

a. Independent variable

b. Dependent variable

c. Control variables.

5 | P a g e

Investigations - Drawing Tables Q2. The typical weights of various breed of cat are;

Abyssinian 3kg, Domestic Shorthair 6kg, Persian 5kg, Siamese, 4kg, Russian Blue 3.5kg. Present this information as a table.

6 | P a g e

Q3. In an experiment a pupil shines a lamp at different distances onto an Elodea plant. He then counts the number of bubbles of oxygen produced per minute. He obtains the following data.

Distance from light (cm)

Number of bubbles produced per minute

Average number of bubbles produced per minute

10 74, 70, 72

20 58, 63, 62

30 44, 44, 47

40 35, 28, 30

50 8, 14, 11

Investigations - Writing an aim

a. Write an aim for this experiment.

Processing b. Complete the average number of bubbles produced per minute column.

Investigations - Drawing line graphs c. On the graph paper on the next page draw a line graph using the

information in the table.

Investigations - Conclusions d. Write a conclusion to this experiment

Making Predictions

e. Predict the number of bubbles produced per minute if the lamp was at 35cm from the Elodea plant.

7 | P a g e

Graph Paper for Question 3

Line Graph Checklist Each line graph must contain





Lines joining the points.

8 | P a g e

Many Flowers Single Flower

Short Stem Long Stem

Broad Petals Long, Narrow Petals

Nasturtium Jasmine Upward Facing

Flowers

Drooping Flowers

Fusia Lilac

Dandelion Magnolia

Flowers

Five Petals More Than Five Petals

Selecting Information Q4. Use the classification key to find the names of the flowers shown.

9 | P a g e

Selecting Information Q5. The table below shows nitrate levels in a river over a period of several

months.

Month Nitrate Level (mg per litre)

January 60

February 55

March 48

April 52

May 48

June 32

Investigations - Drawing Bar Charts

a. Using the data in the table draw a bar chart on the graph paper on the next page.

Selecting Information b. Nitrate levels above 50mg per litre make the water unsafe to drink.

During which months is the water unsafe to drink?

Processing Information

c. Calculate the average nitrate level between January and July.

10 | P a g e






11 | P a g e

KU - Keys Q6. Draw a classification key for the four birds shown below.

Barn Owl Rockhopper Penguin

Albatross

Nuthatch

12 | P a g e

Research Task

Q7. Armadillos are animals which are about the size of a small dog.

Your research task is to describe the armadillo and its habitat. Your description should include information on

The environment in which armadillos live

What other plants and animal exist where armadillos live

What the armadillos eat

Where they live in the world

How armadillos are protected from other animals

Any other information you wish to include about armadillos.

13 | P a g e

14 | P a g e

Investigations – Drawing Bar Charts Q8. Tuberculosis is a common disease in many countries. The table below

shows the number of new cases per year in several countries in 2017.

Country Number of new cases of

tuberculosis per year

Nigeria 210,000

Russia 150,000

Tanzania 79,000

UK 5000

US 9000

Using the information in the table draw a bar chart on the graph paper on the following page.

Processing Information/Selecting Information Q9. A restaurant is comparing the size of lobsters from three

different suppliers to see which supplies on average the largest. They weigh five lobsters from each supplier.

Restaurant Supplier Lobster Mass (kg) Average Lobster

Mass (kg)

Tasty Crustaceans Ltd 0.84, 0.87, 0.92, 0.66, 0.88

Nippy But Nice Co. 0.92, 0.57, 0.83, 0.91, 0.67

Arthur’s Pods 4 U 0.45, 0.69, 0.78, 0.99, 0.53

By calculating the average mass of the supplied lobsters find which company supplies the largest lobsters.

15 | P a g e






16 | P a g e

Investigations – Writing Conclusions Q10. Write a conclusion for each of the graphs shown below.

Time (seconds)

Hei

ght

(met

res)

Conclusion

Age (Years)

Hei

ght

(met

res)

Conclusion

Number of Foxes

Nu

mb

er o

f ra

bb

its

Conclusion

Concentration of Pollutants (mg per litre)

Mas

s o

f Fi

sh

(kilo

gram

s) Conclusion

10 12 14 16 18

10 20 30 40 50

17 | P a g e

Q11. To find the useful volume of wood obtained from a tree plantation the diameters of some trees were measured every second year. The following data was obtained.

Year Tree Diameter (cm) Average Tree Diameter (cm)

0 0.5, 0.4, 0.6

2 1.4, 1.6, 1.2

4 2.7, 3.0, 2.9

6 5.5, 6.4, 6.4

8 10.8, 11.2, 8.6

10 15.5, 16.8, 17.0

12 22.1, 20.5, 23.0


a. Complete the average tree diameter column in the table. Making Predictions b. Predict the diameter of a tree in the plantation when it is 9 years old.

Investigations - Drawing Line Graphs c. Use the information in the table to draw a line graph on the graph paper

on the following page.

18 | P a g e

19 | P a g e

Q12. Below are some results from an investigation into springs where the

mass on a spring was changed and the length of the spring measured. The spring was 4cm long at the start. When the mass on the end of the spring was 10g, the spring was 5cm long. With 20g it was 6cm, with 30g it was 7cm and with 40g it was 8cm long. The last reading was for 50g. The spring was then 9cm long. Investigations - Drawing Tables

a. Put these results into a table.

Investigations – Identifying variables b. For the investigation in part a. identify the;

Independent variable

Dependent variable

20 | P a g e

Selecting Information Q13. The feeding chart below show the quantity of dried food required by

dogs of different weights.

Dog Weight (kg) Cups of food per day Up to 2 ¼ to ½

3 to 5 ½ to 1

6 to 7 1 to 1 ¼ 8 to 9 1 ¼ to 1 ½

10 to 11 1 ½ to 2 Your dog weighs 4kg. How many cups of food should you give to your

dog each day?

Selecting Information Q14. In a chicken farm the average weight of chickens as they grow are given

in the table below

Age (Weeks) Average Weight (g)

1 150

2 400

3 750

4 1000

5 1500

6 2000

7 2400

8 2900

The farm supplies a supermarket which labels chickens in three different sizes according to weight. Complete the table with appropriate age ranges of the chickens to be supplied to the supermarket.

Size Weight Range (g) Chicken Age Range (Weeks)

Small 750 to 1000

Medium 1000 to 1500

Large Large 1500 to 2000

21 | P a g e

Selecting Information Q15. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium

tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs.

TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.

About one-third of the world's population has latent TB, which means they have been infected by TB bacteria but are not yet ill and cannot transmit the disease.

When a person develops active TB they can develop a cough, a fever, night sweats and weight loss. They can infect other people through close contact.

a. If a person has a cough, a fever and weight loss what is the name given to their type of TB.

b. Which type of organism is TB?

c. You are travelling on a crowded train. Explain how it is possible for you to become infected with TB.

22 | P a g e

Q16. During a transect study the light level was measured at 1m intervals and

the following table draw. Investigations - Drawing Line Graphs a. Use this data to draw a line graph on the graph paper of the following

page.

Distance (metres) Light Level (Lux)

1 8400

2 900

3 400

4 400

5 4000

6 7800

7 9000

8 8500

Investigations – Identifying variables b. For the investigation in part a. identify the;


Dependent variable

23 | P a g e


24 | P a g e

Selecting Information Q17. During a survey of garden birds, four people recorded the number of

different types of birds visiting garden. The information is shown in the table below.

Garden Sparrow Blackbird Blue Tit Starling Total

John 10 9 1 26 46

Agatha 16 8 3 16 53

Karen 17 3 2 19 41

Billy 14 6 0 8 28

Using the information in the table answer the following questions.

a. Which type of bird was most common in Billy’s garden? b. Which type of bird was most common in this survey? c. Bird feeders attract more birds into gardens. Which garden in the

survey is most likely to have a bird feeder?

25 | P a g e

Q18. The growth of bacteria can be measured by measuring the diameter (D) of bacterial colonies grown on an agar plate. There are several variables which affect the growth of bacterial colonies. Two of these are;

Temperature

Nutrient concentration

Investigation - Writing an aim a. Choose one of these variables and write an aim for an investigation into

the growth of bacteria. Making Predictions b. The results of an investigation using temperature as the independent

variable are given in the table below.

Temperature (°C) Average Colony Diameter (mm)

12 2.1

16 3.5

20 5.7

24 6.8

28 7.5

Predict the colony diameter if the temperature was 22°C.

KU - Investigation Planning c. Why would an investigation using both temperature and nutrient

concentration not give useful results?

Agar Plate

Bacterial Colony

D

26 | P a g e

Investigations - Drawing Tables Q19. A ball was dropped onto different surfaces and the bounce height

recorded

Carpet 30cm, Tiles 85cm, Concrete 80cm, Wood 70cm, Felt 40cm.

Present these results as a table.

Investigations - Drawing Tables Q20. Measure the height of eight pupils in your class. Present this

information as a table.

27 | P a g e

Investigations - Conclusions Q21. 1kg of water was heated on a Bunsen burner and the following table of

time and temperature obtained.

Time (minutes) Temperature (°C) 0 22

1 33

2 42 3 51

4 51 5 72

6 93 7 92

8 100

Write a conclusion to this experiment.

KU - Microbes Q22. Name some of the factors which affect the growth of bacteria.

28 | P a g e


Q23. Under ideal conditions E-coli bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes. The number of E-coli after a given time can be calculated by doubling the numbers present each 20 minutes. This is shown in the example below

Example

Starting with 1 E-coli bacterium calculate the number there will be after one hour.

Solution

Work out how many 20 minute periods there are in one hour.

1 hour = 60 minutes Number of 20 minute periods =60

20= 3

The number of bacteria will double three times.

a. Starting with one E-coli calculate the number there will be after 2 hours.

1 E-coli 2 E-coli

1st Doubling

4 E-coli

2nd Doubling

8 E-coli

3nd Doubling

29 | P a g e

b. Starting with 100 E-coli calculate the number there will be after 80minutes.

30 | P a g e

Q24. During an attempt to reduce river pollution the number of E-coli in river water was measured over time and the following data obtained.

Date E-coli number per 100ml of Water

June 2200

August 2050

October 1930

December 1840

February 1600

Investigations – Conclusions a. Has the river come less polluted? Explain your answer.

Making Predictions

b. Predict the E-coli number per 100ml of water in November.

Investigations - Drawing Line Graphs c. On the graph paper on the next page draw a line graph using the data in

the table.

31 | P a g e


32 | P a g e

Selecting Information Q25. The text below gives information about viruses

Viruses are too small to be seen unless a powerful microscope is used. Viruses cannot grow or multiply on their own. To reproduce and make more viruses they must invade the inside of a cell of another organism and take it control of it. The cells of the mucous membranes such as those lining the throat and lungs are particularly open to virus attacks because they are not covered by protective skin.

Use the information in the text to answer the questions below. a. Why do you need a microscope to see viruses? b. Which type of membrane is covering the lining of the throat? c. Why do viruses infect other organisms?

d. Why do viruses find it easy to infect mucous membranes?

33 | P a g e

Q26. The number of sheep that can be grazed in a field depends on the

percentage of grass cover.

Average Percentage Grass Cover (%) Area Required for each sheep (m2) 20 3000

40 1500

60 1000 80 750

100 600

Investigations - Drawing Scatter Graphs a. On the graph paper on the next page present the information in the

table as a scatter graph. Making Predictions b. In a field where the grass cover is 90% predict the area required for each

sheep.

34 | P a g e






A best fit line.


35 | P a g e

Q27. The results from an investigation into how the yield from a field of corn varies with the quantity of fertiliser added is shown on the graph.

Investigations - Identifying variables a. From the graph identify the;


Dependent variable

Investigation - writing and aim b. Using the independent and dependent variables write what you think

would have been the aim of the investigation.

Investigation - writing a conclusion c. Using the graph write a conclusion to this investigation

Fertiliser added (kg per hectare)

Co

rn Y

ield

(kg

per

he

ctar

e)

36 | P a g e

Q28. An investigation was performed into the effect of insulation on cooling. Two containers, one uninsulated the other insulated were filled with water and there temperatures measured as they cooled. The table below shows the data obtained.

Time (minutes)

Temperature of the uninsulated container (°C)

Temperature of the insulated container (°C)

0 80 80

10 63 71

20 50 63 30 40 57

40 32 50 60 20 40

Investigations - Drawing Scatter Graphs On the graph paper on the next page present the data in the table as a scatter graph.

37 | P a g e







A best fit line.

s1 workbook 1 science skills, knowledge and...

Documents