s1 skripsi a discourse analysis of kim namjoon speech …
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S1 SKRIPSI
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF KIM NAMJOON
SPEECH AT UNITED NATION
LALE CHUSNUN NISA
1600630015
This Undergraduate Thesis is presented as a Partial Fulfillment for the
Attainment of a Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Literature Department
ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS BUMIGORA MATARAM
2021
ii
ABSTRACT
Lale Chusnun Nisa: A Discourse Analysis of Kim Namjoon speech at United
Nation. S1 Thesis. Mataram: Universitas Bumigora, 2021.
This study aims to reveal values, belief, and assumption are found on Kim
Namjoon’s speech text on campaigning “Love Myself” and to know the kind or types of
figurative language is used in Kim Namjoon’s speech. This research method used
descriptive qualitative narrative. Instrument that used in this research is speech text
transcript and speech video that retrieved from youtube. Data collection techniques used
in this study are library research techniques, see, and record. In this study, the writer
employs qualitative data analysis, which is done by analyzing data reduction, data display,
and verification.
The results of the research that the writer has obtained, namely cognitive
statement, affective statement, state and action statement, ability and constraint statement,
achievement statement, ideology, discourse component, power relation, implicature,
speech act, and verbal action.
Keywords: discourse analysis, usage of words, kim namjoon.
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ABSTRAK
Lale Chusnun Nisa: Analisis Wacana dari Pidato Kim Namjoon pada Persatuan
Bangsa-Bangsa. Skripsi. Mataram: Universitas Bumigora, 2021.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai, kepercayaan, dan asumsi yang
terkandung pada pidato Kim Namjoon dalam mengkampanyekan “Love Myself” dan
memberitahukan jenis atau tipe bahasa kiasan yang di gunakan dalam pidato dari Kim
Namjoon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif naratif. Instrumen
yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah transkrip teks pidato dan video pidato yang
diambil dari Youtube. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik
penelitian perpustakaan, melihat, dan merekam. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis
menggunakan analisis data kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan menganalisis reduksi data,
penyajian data, dan verifikasi.
Hasil dari penelitian yang penulis dapatkan yaitu pernyataan kognitif, pernyataan
afektif, pernyataan keadaan dan tindakan, pernyataan kemampuan dan kendala,
pernyataan prestasi, ideologi, komponen wacana, hubungan kekuasaan, implikatur, tindak
tutur, dan tindakan verbal.
Kata kunci: analisis wacana, penggunaan kata, kim namjoon.
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
I hereby certify that:
Name : Lale Chusnun Nisa
NIM : 1600630015
Study Program : English Literature
University : Universitas Bumigora Mataram
This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole
part from a thesis presented for another degree/program except where references
are made in the text of the thesis. None of other’s person work has been used
without acknowledgement in the main text of thesis. This thesis has not been
submitted for the award of another degree or diploma in any other tertiary
institution.
Mataram, 31 August 2020
Lale Chusnun Nisa
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RATIFICATION
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF KIM NAMJOON’S SPEECH AT
UNITED NATION
LALE CHUSNUN NISA
NIM 1600630015
This S1 thesis has been defended before the Board of S1 Thesis Examiner
Universitas Bumigora Mataram
Date: January, 25th 2021
BOARD EXAMINERS
Dr. Zainudin Abdussamad, M.Hum
(Supervisor I) ………………… ………………
Erwin Suhendra, M.Pd
(Supervisor II) …………………. ………………
Hilda Hastuti, M.Pd
(Examiner) …………………. ………………
Mataram, 26 January 2021
Chef of English Literature Department, Faculty of Social and Humanities
Dean,
(Hilda Hastuti, M.Pd) (Dr. Titik Ceriyani Miswaty M.Pd)
NIK 17.6.287 NIK 15.7.218
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DEDICATION
The most gracious and the most merciful, Allah SWT
This thesis is dedicated to:
- H.L Jazuli Azhar & Hj. Dra. Baiq Fatin Hamamah
- Justin Amelinda Elizar & Salsabila Elizar
- Almh. Inaq Gosin
- Dr. Zainudin Abdussamad, M.Hum and Erwin Suhendra, M.Pd
- My friends, my besties and BTS
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MOTTOS
“No matter who are you, where are you from, your skin color, your gender
identity, just speak yourself. Find your name and find your voice by speaking
yourself.” – Kim Namjoon (RM)
“I’m the one I should love in this world
Shining me, precious soul of mine
I finally realized so I love me
Not so perfect but so beautiful
I’m the one I should love.” – BTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, first of all, I would like to say thank you to Allah SWT that
He gives me time and a chance to completed and finish my undergraduate thesis.
And also with sincerely, I want to say thank you to these people who helped me to
finish my undergraduate thesis.
H.L Jazuli Azhar & Hj. Baiq Fatin Hamamah, my lovely parents for
giving me advice, keep praying for me and keep support me to finish my study.
Thanks for your love and keep waiting for my graduation
Justin Amelinda Elizar, my elder who also gives me advice and who
entertains me with silly things that can make me laugh loudly at home, although
sometimes we have a different point of view but honestly she is the best sister I
ever have in the world, thank you, borahae.
Salsabila Elizar, my young sister who entertain me together with my elder.
Maybe she looks shy, but if you already know her, she is a very silly but annoying
sometimes.
Almh. Inaq Gosin for praying from heaven. I hope you proud of me like
what my parents feel right now and can see my graduation from there. I love you
and I miss you so much.
Dr. Zainudin Abdussamad, M.Hum and Erwin Suhendra, M.Pd my
supervisor who patient and kind to give me feedback also motivated me to
complete my thesis. Thank you very much sir.
Asri Fiqani Nurul Istiqomah, Wayan Riyan Febi Asmara, Agiel Gendis,
Retno Amalia, Anta Muzakir, and other friend that I can’t mention one by one
here who cheer me up, give spirit, and motivation each other. Maybe after this
we’ll separate to pursue each other’s dreams, but before that moments came I’ll
say I love you and I gonna miss all of you. Please stay connected between us.
Nurlatifah and Rinanda Ulfa, my besties one from Tasikmalaya and one
from Pekanbaru who always support me, always heard my problem and
sometimes give me solution of my problem. Thanks a lot girls.
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Last for BTS who give me motivation through their messages in lyrics,
positive vibe, and energy to boost my spirit through their music. I love them so
much. You are my inspiration, thank you being there and teach me to struggle and
don’t give up to reach what I love to do.
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LIST OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iii
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ................................................................ iv
RATIFICATION ............................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ viii
LIST OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... x
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study .................................................................... 1
B. Problems of Study ........................................................................ 2
C. Objectives of Study ...................................................................... 2
D. Significances of Study .................................................................. 3
E. Limitation of Study ...................................................................... 3
F. Definition of Key Terms .............................................................. 3
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Discourse ...................................................................................... 5
B. Discourse Analysis ....................................................................... 7
C. Discourse Structure ...................................................................... 8
D. Discourse Component and Content .............................................. 10
E. Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis .............................................. 11
F. Speech .......................................................................................... 12
G. Kim Namjoon ............................................................................... 13
H. Previous Study .............................................................................. 14
I. Conceptual Framework ................................................................ 15
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ........................................................................... 16
B. Data Sources ................................................................................. 16
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C. Data Collecting ............................................................................. 17
D. Data Analysis ............................................................................... 17
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISSCUSION
A. Findings
1. The Use of Words ............................................................... 18
2. Ideology .............................................................................. 19
3. Discourse Component ......................................................... 20
4. Power Relation .................................................................... 23
5. Implicature .......................................................................... 24
6. Speech Act .......................................................................... 24
7. Figurative Language ............................................................ 25
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 26
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................................... 36
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................... 36
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 37
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LIST OF APPENDICES
1.1 Ability and Constraint statements ............................................................. 38
2.1 Kim Namjoon speech text transcript ......................................................... 39
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Discourse defined as expression in words, speech or writing or the
use of language which presented in a text or in a speech. It is one of the
studies in linguistics that is part of the study pragmatics and discourse
analysis. Both of these approaches focus on the meaning in an interaction
and how the speaker communicates more information than the words used
in which oral discourse is known as the form of utterances (example:
monologue, dialogue, speech, and so on). On other side, written in the
form of text (example: posters, magazines, newspapers, and so on).
According to (Gee & Handford, 2012) discourse analysis is also
defined as the study of language above the level of a sentence, the way
sentences combined to create meaning, coherence and accomplish the
purposes. However, even a single sentence or utterances can be analyzed
as a communication or as an action and not just a sentence structure whose
literal meaning flows from the nature of grammar. Discourse analysis
covers both pragmatics (the study of contextually specific meanings of
language in use) and the study of the texts (the study of how sentences and
utterances pattern together to create meaning across multiple sentences or
utterances).
Similarly to (Heracleous, 2006) that discourse is a collection of
texts, whether oral or written, located within social and organizational
contexts are patterned by certain structural, intertextual features, and have
the functional and constructive effect of their context.
Based on the citation, discourse analysis or discourse itself can be
understood as a branch of linguistics by studying discourse which aims to
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reveal the structure of discourse, components of discourse, ideology, and
useful for building a discourse, understanding a discourse as language
learning material, and translation. In connection with this study the writer
also wants to define the concerned-term called speech. Speech refers to
communication that used by people to expressing of ideas and thought
through articulate vocal sound.
In conducting this study, the writer focuses on the analysis both
written and spoken by showing the related linguistic components which
comprised in Kim Namjoon’s speech, what the message or purpose Kim
Namjoon want to convey to public.
Based on the background of the study, the writer interested on Kim
Namjoon’s speech that important to loving ourselves and together build a
campaign with UNICEF with #ENDViolence which aims to protect
children and young generation all over the world from violence whether
verbal and physical and the implicit message that there in their song lyrics
on love yourself: Answer albums that helped them to overcome their
hardship in life and start to loving themselves.
B. Problems of Study
1. What values, beliefs, and assumptions are found in Kim Namjoon’s
speech on campaigning “Love Myself”?
2. What kinds of figurative language are displayed in Kim Namjoon’s
speech?
C. Objectives of the Study
1. To reveal values, beliefs, and assumptions that found in Kim Namjoon’s
speech on campaigning “Love Myself”
2. To know the kind of figurative language that used in Kim Namjoon’s
speech.
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D. Significance of Study
Besides this study is intended for prerequisites to finish my studying,
either to fulfill two significances which those can be divided into two
aspects, those are, as follows:
Theoretically significance:
a. This research is expected to be able to provide knowledge related to
discourse analysis.
b. This research can be used as a reference to further research that
focused on comprehensive discourse analysis researches.
Practically significance:
a. This research can posit as one of reference that applied in English
teaching material particularly relate to discourse analysis.
b. This research is expected to be beneficial to all stakeholders as well as
giving contribution for reader.
E. Limitation of the Study
To avoid wider scoops of this study, the writer is focused on a
discourse analysis of Kim Namjoon’s speech at the UN General Assembly
in New York on 24th September 2018. The writer limits the study on
discourse analysis, did not discuss outside, the writer discussed about
values, beliefs, assumption, and figurative language used by Kim Namjoon.
F. Definition of Key Term
To equate the perspective on this research, the writer also defines
several terms that refers to linguists’ idea. Those terms are speech and
discourse analysis.
Discourse analysis is the study of language in use. It is the study of
the meanings we give language and the actions we carry out when we use
language in specific context. Discourse analysis is also sometimes defined
as the study of language above the level of sentence, of the ways sentences
4
combine to create meaning, coherence, and accomplish purposes. (Gee &
Handford, 2012)
Speech is defined as the faculty of uttering articulate sounds or
words, the ability to speak or to use vocalizations to communicate, besides,
a session of speaking, long oral message given publicly usually by one
person (COED11 digital dictionary).
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Discourse
Discourse defined as a verbal exchange, conversation, or
expression in words, or a formal lengthy exposition of some subject either
speech or writing (COED11 digital dictionary). In line with (Heracleous,
2006) he stated that “… the term discourse is mean collection of the texts,
whether oral or written, located within social and organizational contexts
that patterned by certain structural, intertextual features, and have both
functional and constructive effects on their context. In this sense, language
can be seen as raw material of discourse, and individual texts are both
manifestation and constitutive of broader discourse.”
Based on the above statement, at least three dominant approaches
can be identified and integrated into the study of discourse, those are:
interpretive, functional, and critical. He further clarified what is meant by
the interpretive approach is to conceptualize discourse as communicative
action that is constructive of social and organizational realities, while the
functional approach is a review of discourse as a tool to facilitate relevant
processes and outcomes, such as effective leadership, motivating, and
organizational change. The critical approach itself conceptualize discourse
as the power-knowledge relationship, constitutive of subjects' identity,
structures of organizational and social domination. So that by integrating
the previous opinion, writer want to simplify that discourse analysis is a
research method for studying language orally or in writing about its social
context which aims to understand how the language is used in real
situations.
1. Discourse: Organizational Text and Context
Cicourel (1981) in (Levinson, 1995) stated that “… the study of
discourse and the larger context of social interaction requires explicit
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reference to a boarder organizational setting and aspects of cultural beliefs
that often ignored by student of discourse”. Terms “organizational”
describes that the appearance of discourse cannot separated from its
constitutional units than form the meaning. The constitutional units consist
of structure, psychology, culture, learning, performance, behavior, and so
on.
In other words, context plays a very important role in discourse
analysis. Discourse and its context are in close relationship; the discourse
elaborates its context and helps interpret the meaning of utterance in the
discourse. (Cruse, 2000) said that “… the approach to the meaning which
promises to be most fruitful is to regard it as conceptual. This is not to
deny that there are presumably important relations between linguistic
forms and extra linguistic reality.
An analysis would come into appropriate and abundant without
ignoring where the discourse (sentence or utterance) occurs or the
circumstances. So, the way to get appropriate interpretation in reviewing
the result, this study also accomplished the data in the form of video
recording. The extralinguistic factor namely paralinguistics (or some calls
deictic) which defined as the non-lexical elements of communication by
speech is include. As stated by Fillmore (1971) in (Levinson, 1995) he
describe that to get appropriate interpretation to a discourse, a language
analyst must pay attention in deictic usage namely gestural deictic.
Gestural deictic itself interpreted regarding an audio-visual-tactile in
general physical, monitoring of the speech event.
2. Language performances
Language performances cannot be separated from the five
components of language. Those are phonemes, morphemes, lexemes,
syntax, and context. Along with grammar, semantics, and pragmatics,
these components work together to create meaningful communication
among individuals. Term language performance is well-known as
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linguistic performance to describe the actual use of language in concrete
situation and used to describe both the production (oral and written)
sometimes called parole or the actual manifestation of language in speech
or writing, as well as the comprehension of language.
B. Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis closely related to the discipline of linguistics.
Discourse analysis examines the use of language that cannot be separated
from linguistics. One of the focuses on the discourse analysis studies to
understand the form and function of linguistics. The form and function of
discourse linguistics is the main shade in response to the study of linguistic
discourse. A linguistic form is a form of discourse that will be analyzed,
beside that each form of discourse has function that are transactional and
interactional.
Discourse analysis is a technique or method for studying discourse
that exist or contained messages conveyed through communication either
textual or contextual. Discourse analysis also complex matter since
discourse cannot be interpreting independently as a single sentence which
separated from the item which generate it. (Heracleous, 2006) said that
“… The generation and interpretation of discourse is context dependent or
situated in broader context; discourse is also active in the sense that its
originators aim to achieve certain outcomes through communication; and
finally, discourse is symbolic not only in textual semantic sense but in
more substantive sense indicating actors’ assumptions, values, and belief
through their discursive choice (conscious or unconscious) that construct
and evoke particular frame of reference for interpreting issues”
Discourse analysis regarding the content of communication
messages, which are in the form of text, speech text, trial transcript or
debates in forum, parliamentary sessions, articles contained in newspaper,
books (essays, novels, and romances), and campaign advertisement for
elections. The benefits discourse analysis is to understand a language that
8
useful in the process of learning a language and language behavior and
improve the acquisition of communicative competencies. Discourse
analysis allows us to see how messages are organized, used, and
understood. Discourse analysis also allow us to track variations in the
ways used by communicators both writers, speakers, and directors in
achieving certain goals or purposes through messages containing certain
discourses delivered.
C. Discourse Structure
Since this study is presented as the study of linguistics, writer
wants to display scope of discussion based on the need of this study
independently. What the writer means by discourse structure is seen in the
way the discourse organizes coherence as a whole or in other word by
which text producers create text into cohesion. In this case, discourse
structure focuses on coherence which is viewed as the connection of ideas
at the idea level, and cohesion means the connection of ideas at the
sentence level also focuses on the grammatical both aspects speaking and
writing. Coherence is viewed as the connection of ideas, they classified as
following:
a. Beginning/abstract
In the structure of discourse beginning/abstract is the opening
which contains the greetings and exposure. There is a greeting from the
host/speaker to the audience as a marker of the opening of an event and
continued with the presentation of the theme to be discussed.
b. Middle/orientation
In the middle of discourse there are exchange and transaction.
Exchange it means that initiative of an introduction that leads to questions,
the answer, and the feedback based on the answer and the topic of the
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discussion. The transaction mean the speaker starts to explain a problem
which is the topic to audience, the speaker directs the audience to focus on
the conversation, and the speaker provokes the audience to give a response
on what was theme of the topic about.
c. End/coda
At the end of the discourse is the closing part of the discourse. The
end of the discourse is marked by the speaker who starts closing the event
by presenting a conclusion from the theme that had been discussed.
Also the cohesion of discourse focuses on grammatical aspects
both speaking and writing; in this study will display lexical connectors,
such as:
1). Addition, ex: also, too, well, moreover
2). Consequence, ex: so, as a result, consequently, thus
3). Comparison and contrast, ex: just as, similarly, in contrast, unlike
4). Temporal, ex: later, then, next, afterward
5). Enumeration, ex: first, finally
6). Summative, ex: to conclude, all things considered, at the end of the day,
on the whole
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D. Discourse Component and Content
Discourse component specifically defined from their pragmatics
(pragmatic elements), the intention of the speaker influences the language
of the lecture and how ideas are connected with words or connectors.
a. Pragmatic elements
(Levinson, 1995) said that “pragmatics is the study of language usage,
more complex he stated that “pragmatics is the study of those principles
that will account for why a certain set of sentences are anomalous or not
possible utterances.
Pragmatics comprise speech act theory, conversational implicature,
talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior. Pragmatics
is the study of how meaning of the spoken and written discourse is related
to the context which that speech and writing occurred.
1. Speech act
(Austin, 1962) develop performative language and his theory of
locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary act. Speech acts serve
their function once they are said or communicated. These are
commonly taken to include acts such as apologizing, promising,
requesting, complaining, and so on.
a. Locutions, illocutions, perlocutions
- Locutions: the act of making a meaningful utterance or the act that we
perform in saying something.
- Illocutions: the act that create an utterance with a hidden meaning
without intending it have an effect.
- Perlocutions: the act that give reactions or effect from the hearer.
In more detail, according to (Searle, 1976) speech act also viewed
as verbal action that accomplish something, speech act is distinguished
into several types, such as:
- Declarative: the act that makes the propositional content corresponds with
the reality.
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- Commissive: the act of committing to future actions. This type of speech
act is shows intention of the speaker in the future which will be made to
happen in later moment.
- Expressive: the act that shows the expression of the speaker via utterance.
- Directives: the act aims to make someone else to do something that the
speaker desires.
- Representative: the act that speaker’s intention to assert the speaker’s
belief.
b. Conversational implicature
Conversational implicature is an indirect or implicit speech act,
which mean by a speaker’s utterance that is not part of what explicitly said.
This term is also known simply as implicature.
1. Connecting Elements (connectors)
In academic literature, connecting elements have different names
such as sort of, you see, you know, I mean, well, etc., that functioned as
intimacy signals which allows the listener to feel more in ease, to be closer
to the interlocutor.
E. Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis
Pragmatics and discourse analysis involve the study of language in
context of use. Pragmatics focuses on the effects of context on meaning
and discourse analysis studies written and spoken language concerning its
social context.
(Austin, 1962) said that “pragmatics presupposes that language is a socio-
cultural artifact that individuals in order not to spread information that
might modify the views of others, but more important to interact with
people, to perform actions such as asking people for things, inquiring
about information, apologizing, inviting, complimenting others on their
achievement, convincing the, of some fact.”
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F. Speech
In connection with this study the writer also wants to define the
concerned-term called speech. Speech refers to communication that used
by people to expressing of ideas and thought through articulate vocal
sound. Based on (Soukhanov, 1994) she stated that:
“speech (speech) n. 1. a. The faculty or act of speaking. b. The faculty or
act of expressing or describing thoughts, feelings, or perceptions by the
articulation of words. 2. Something spoke; an utterance. 3. Vocal
communication; conversation 4. a. A talk or public address: “The best
impromptu speeches are the ones written well in advance” (Ruth Gordon).
b. A printed copy of such an address. 5. One’s habitual manner or style of
speaking. 6. The language or dialect of a nation or region: American
speech. 7. The sounding of a musical instrument. 8. The study of oral
communication, speech sounds, and vocal physiology. 9. Archaic…”
Similarly to (Crystal, 2008) said that “speech (n.) … here, speech
is seen as a medium of transmission for language – the spoken medium or
phonic substance of language … Speech science is the study of all the
factors involved in the production, transmission, and reception of speech;
also called speech sciences or speech and hearing science. … The other
interpretation is from the viewpoint of linguistics, where spoken language
(performance, or parole) can be analyzed in phonological, grammatical,
and semantic, as well as phonetic terms. … the activity which the use of
language performs or promotes in the listener (respectively, the speech
445 illocutionary force and the perlocutionary effect of the language).
Similarly, the speech event is seen as the basic unit for the analysis of
spoken interaction, i.e. the emphasis is on the role of the participants in
constructing a discourse of verbal exchanges...”
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G. Kim Namjoon
Kim Namjoon is well-known as RM, a male-singer who won
numerous achievements in his field. He was born in Ilsan-gu, Goyang,
South Korea on September 12, 1994, who has the academic experience
that cannot be neglected, attended Global Cyber University majoring in
Broadcasting Performing Arts and also has once studied in New Zealand.
Not only that, on his campus he is famous as a genius colleger who has an
IQ score of 148. Kim Namjoon is not the only singer otherwise he also one
best composer either one of a member either including posting as the
leader of a K-Pop group called BTS (Bangtan Boys). His first stage name
was Rap Monster but he change to be RM which mean is Real Me.
Also, besides their achievements in music, they inspire their fans.
Kim Namjoon and BTS promote the 'Love Yourself' campaign which they
always shake up through various media, especially albums. They also
worked with one of the UN organizations, UNICEF, to drive the campaign.
A portion of the sale of the 'Love Yourself' series album was handed over
to UNICEF. They are also considered to have the capability to motivate
either inspiring the young people under their great work. Thus, for those
achievements, BTS along with delegations from other countries were
invited at the UN General Assembly which was held in New York on 24
September 2018. At the same moment, the General Assembly also
coincided with the launch of 'Generation Unlimited'. That is a new
partnership that promotes education, training, and employment for young
people in the world.
14
H. Previous Study
Reviewing other research is needed in order to find relevance from
the past research and expected to be used as a benchmark. So that it can be
used as a comparison and to avoid plagiarism.
The first research is “A Discourse Analysis of SBY’s
International Speech Text: A Study on Critical Linguistics.” (2011) By
Anggara Jatu Kusumawati, was a student of Gadjah Mada University,
Yogyakarta. In her research she used theory of M.A.K Halliday’s systemic
functional grammar, that is meta functional features: ideational function,
interpersonal function and textual function in order to understand language
function and word choice produced to change meaning. Which aims to
describing grammar used of SBY International speeches related with his
self-image building.
The second research is “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Barack
Obama’s Speeches.” (2010) By Junling Wang, was a student of School of
Foreign Languages, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China. A
research which aims to learn the language how to serve the ideology and
power and also have an understanding of the political purpose.
The third research is “Discourse Analysis of Presiden Bush’s
Speech at Tsinghua University, China.” (2007) By Chang Pu, was a
student of University of Texas San Antonio, a research which aims to
demonstrate that Bush’s skillful use of rhetorical strategies in this political
speech is closely associated with his overall political goals of holding
American values as a model for China and China’s development.
The similarities among those previous researches that discourse
analysis is the study of person’s character who can influence others,
skillful in using rhetorical strategies in political speech, understanding of
political purpose, and building self-images in the used of grammar in
speech. In this case, the objects examined are mostly public figure, it be
the president as a leader of a country or an artist who has positive image or
someone who can be used as a role model for other person.
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I. Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
Based on the conceptual frame above, the first is the object that used is Kim
Namjoon’s speech at United Nation. It deals with discourse analysis theory from
(Gee, 2011) that discourse analysis focuses on studying a language in use,
attributed to a word or phrase, given the context, and how that context is
construed. From that theory, the writer classified into value, beliefs, assuptions
and figurative language that Kim Namjoon used in his speech.
Kim Namjoon’s speech at United Nation
Discourse analysis based on (Gee,
2011)
Value:
- Cognitive
statements
- Ideology
Beliefs:
- Affective statements
- Achievement
statements
- Power Relation
Assumptions:
- State and action
statements
- Ability and
constraint
statements
Figurative
Language:
- Metaphor
- personification
16
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is focusing on the discussion about the steps that writer have
done during the research. The steps are elaborated in sequence into sub-topic
namely research design, data source, data collecting, and data analysis.
A. Research Design
This research design refers to descriptive qualitative narrative
research. The method used to analyze data by describing data through
form of the written word or verbally from people and behavior observed.
To say in other, according to (Stake, 2010) personal experience, intuition,
and skepticism work alongside each other to help refine the theories and
experiments that mean it relies primarily on humans (in this case the
writer’s) perception and understanding. The writer used qualitative
descriptive narrative study with the consideration that this study presents
an analysis in accordance with the data obtained. The data collected is in
the form of words or reasoning in this case the speech text by Kim
Namjoon.
The narrative form in this study presents information in the form of
a manuscript. The writer put a discussion of the narrative agreement such
as: using long, short quotations in the text vary and then inserting quoted
texts and next forming her interpretations that relied on the related-
literature reviewed in the previous chapter.
B. Data Source
Data source of this study is both the text transcript and video
recording of Kim Namjoon’s speech at UN General Assembly was held on
24th September 2018 that writer retrived from Youtube.
17
C. Data Collecting
Data collecting technique that used in this research are library research
techniques, see, and record. As the main instrument, the writer read the text of
the speech, examines, and notes the issue related to the purpose of the study.
The steps of collecting research data, the writer carry out the following
steps, as follow:
a. Reading the text of the speech
b. Mastering the theory
c. Mastering the method
d. Transcribing the data
e. Finding or sorting data
D. Data analysis
In this research, the writer used qualitative data analysis that done
by analyzing the text of Kim Namjoon’s speech directly through several
process, as follows:
a. Choosing and sorting the data to be analyzed in the form of words,
sentence, or expression comprised in Kim Namjoon’s speech text and
video recording
b. Displayed and analyzed the sorted data
c. Verification, the writer concludes the result of the data analysis
18
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter the writer discussed finding and discussion which contained
of : (1) the usage of words, (2) ideology, (3) discourse component, (4)
power relation, (5) implication, (6) speech act, and (7) figurative language.
A. Finding
1. The Usage of Words
In initiating the discussion, the writer starts to discussion focusing the
attention on word usage. What writer means by word usage is simplified to
be the ability to compose sentence use the words properly. Based on (Gee,
2011) idea that he divided the usage of the words into several categories,
namely: cognitive statements, affective statements, state and action
statement, ability and constrain statement, and achievement statement.
a. Cognitive statements
In the speech of Kim Namjoon, the writer found that Cognitive
statement is defined as intellectual potential or in other word,
cognitive deals with a person‘s rational capacity to expand his/her
rational ability. It’s related with knowledge, comprehension,
application, and evaluation to analyze and syntheses a problem. And
indicated of cognitive speech such as: I think, I know or I guess,
b. Affective statement
Affective statement is defined as relating, result of, or be affected
by the internal state of being and spontaneous physiological response
to an object (COED 11 Digital Dictionary). Includes behavioral
character such as feelings, attitudes, interests, emotions, and values. In
other word, affective statement is understood as attitudes and values
which belong to a person that wants to still in other and marked as a
19
person talks about desiring and liking indicated by word such as: I
want, I like.
In further, a person commonly shows affective statements by talking
about relationship and activities in ways that seem to have a direct or
indirect reference outside themselves to reach achievement or success.
c. State and action statements
State statements are defined as the way to communicate an absence
of reasonable doubt to emphasize the factual or truthful nature of
communication. While action statement understood as the way to
communicate one’s experiences and accomplishments effectively, in a
person is used to describe one’s skill and knowledge.
d. Ability and Constraint statements
Ability and constraint are marked as a person talks about being
able or having to do things. This statement is closer to the description
of one’s capacity and ability either in a place where one being insist to
do a thing.
e. Achievement statements
Achievement statements are marked as a person talks about
activities, desires, or efforts that relate to mainstream accomplishment
or distinction.
2. Ideology
Ideology is perspective that is taken for granted so that it looks
reasonable and acceptable to the general public. Or other in say, there are three
things that need to be considered in analyzing discourse and ideology. First is
reading, in which there are three domains in reading the text namely the
dominant position, the negotiated position, the opposition. Second is
interpellation, a form of communication which in ideology places certain person
20
in social relation. Third is hegemony, mean that the unconscious giving of
influence.
3. Discourse Component
In this part, the writer found that discourse component divided
categories such as:
A. Discourse Structure
Discourse Structure itself divided into several parts, such as:
a. Coherence
Coherence is understood as the connection of ideas at the idea level.
Further coherence divided into three, namely:
- The beginning/abstract is marked by the appearance of greeting from the
host/speaker to the audience then continued with the presentation of the
theme of the speech.
- Middle/orientation, in the middle of discourse there are exchange and
transaction. Exchange it means that initiative of an introduction that leads
to questions, the answer, and the feedback based on the answer and the
topic of the discussion. The transaction means the speaker starts to explain
a problem which is the topic to audience, the speaker directs the audience
to focus on the conversation, and the speaker provokes the audience to
give a response on what was theme of the topic about.
- End/coda is the closing parts of the discourse. The end of the discourse is
marked by the speaker who starts closing the event by presenting a
conclusion from the theme that had been discussed before. Furthermore, it
ends with a closing greeting from the speaker to the audience.
Also, the cohesion of discourse focuses on the grammatical aspects
of both speaking and writing, such as:
- Addition is understood as to attach, append, or add, especially to
something larger to more important than the previous idea which is
appeared by the speaker. Addition indicated by word such as: also, too, as
well, and moreover.
21
- Consequence is mean as the result from reason or argument which become
a conclusion. Consequence indicated by word such as so, as a result,
consequently, and thus.
- Comparison and contrast are understood as the similarities and differences
of one or more things relative to some other or each other. and it is
commonly marked by the appearance of words such as just as, similarly,
in contrast, and unlike.
- Temporal is viewed as an interrelation of one idea (information) to another
idea in context of a situation, former statement or sentence to the next or
on contrary.
- Enumeration, in speech enumeration is often understood as topic sentences
which often used to introduce a list of items. Or in other word,
enumeration in speech can be viewed as systematic series of speech
content and commonly marked by the appearance of word such as first,
second, third, and finally.
- Summative is understood as a noun phrase that appears in a speech and
serves to summarize the idea of the speech itself. Indicates by the words
such as to conclude, all things considered, at the end of the day, on the
whole.
b. Cohesion
Cohesion mean is connection of ideas at sentence level and it is
focused on its discussion on the structure. The cohesion of discourse
focuses on the grammatical aspects of either speaking writing. It will
explain one by one in this part:
1. Pronoun
A pronoun is a word that replaces a nominal or regular noun or phrase
is called a pronoun. In this speech often used the pronoun
- I refer to Kim Namjoon
- We refer to Kim Namjoon and BTS’s member
- Their refer to ARMY (BTS fans)
22
- Our refer to Kim Namjoon and BTS’s member
2. Substitution
Substitution is an important component in expressing feeling and
understand the meaning of a sentence, it divided into several parts, as follows:
- Nominal substitution one/ones
The substitution one/ones have function as the head of a nominal group
and can substitute for an item which is head of the nominal group
itself. The element of nominal substitution is one, ones, and same.
a). Clausal substitution
There are three environments in which clausal substitution takes place:
report, condition, and modality. Each of these environments, may take either
of two forms positive and negative. The positive is expressed by word so, and
negative by not.
- Substitution for reported clauses.
Usually reported clauses is declarative. There is no interrogative, or commands.
- Substitution for condition clauses
Conditional clauses are a clause that used to express a conditional. The
purpose of conditional clause is to suppose something that happen or will
happen.
- Substitution for modalized clauses
Modality is speaker’s assessment of the probabilities integral in the
situation as in the example above may expressed by modal forms of the verb
(will), or by modal adverbs such as possible.
3. Conjunction
Conjunction are grammatical part and undeniable word. In other
word, conjunction is a word or group of words that function to
connect two or same grammatical construct. And can divided into
several categories, namely:
23
a. Coordinating conjunction is a word that combine two elements of equal
grammatical and can combine two independent clauses. The
coordinating conjunction marked by word for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and
so.
b. Correlative conjunction is a conjunction used in pairs
c. Subordinate conjunction is a conjunction that the beginning of a
subordinate clause called adverbial clause which is the function to
build an ideal connection between the subordinate clause and main
clause. Subordinate conjunction divided into parts, such as time, place,
contrast, cause and effect, condition, purpose, and manner.
4. Lexical
Lexical is the meaning of a word that accordance with the true
meaning or method of choosing harmonious words. Writer divided
into three categories, such as:
a. Synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly same as
another word or phrase.
b. Hyponym is a word that more specific meaning than a general or
superordinate term applicable to it. Example:
c. Equivalencies is the condition of being equal or equivalent in value,
worth, function, and so on.
4. Power Relations
Kim Namjoon’s speech at the UN General Assembly in New York
on September 24, 2018, used a lot of personal pronouns. The first
pronouns that appear are the singular first-person pronoun (I), the plural
first-person pronoun (we).
The singular first-person pronoun is very widely used by Kim
Namjoon. The singular first-person pronoun refers to the speaker himself,
namely Kim Namjoon. The use of the first person singular “I” indicates
that Kim Namjoon stands out or shows his existence as the leader of BTS,
24
which in this case the chairman has a capacity above the other BTS
members. And the use of word “my” can be found in almost every
paragraph of this speech.
The pronoun “we” indicates that Kim Namjoon wants to show the
involvement of other BTS members in UNICEF's #ENDviolence program
campaign as well as to show BTS fans' involvement in the #ENDviolence
program. The word “our fans” is also shown as a sense of belonging that
BTS fans are not for himself only, but for all BTS members, so that in this
text Kim Namjoon wants to involve himself with other listeners.
5. Implicature
As explained in previous chapter, according to (Levinson, 1995)
implicature is an expression that has a different meaning of its literal meaning.
Say in other, it is indirect expression is not reflected in the vocabulary plainly.
6. Speech Act
Speech act presents their function when it is said or communicated. These
are commonly taken to include acts such as apologizing, promising, answering,
requesting, complaining, inviting, and so on.
1. Locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions.
a. Locutions, the act of making a meaningful utterance or the act that we perform
in saying something.
b. Illocutions: the act that create an utterance with a hidden meaning without
intending it have an effect.
c. Perlocutions: the act that give reactions or effect from the hearer. Writer not
find any perlocution in this speech.
2. Verbal Actions
In previous chapter, according to (Searle, 1976) speech act also viewed as
verbal action that accomplish something, speech act is distinguished into several
types, such as:
- Declarative: the act that makes the propositional content corresponds with
the reality.
25
- Commissive: the act of committing to future actions. This type of speech
act is shows intention of the speaker in the future which will be made to
happen in later moment.
- Expressive: the act that shows the expression of the speaker via utterance.
- Directives: the act aims to make someone else to do something that the
speaker desires.
- Representative: the act that speaker’s intention to assert the speaker’s
belief.
7. Figurative Language
Figurative language that contained in Kim Namjoon’s speech text
is metaphor and personification.
26
B. DISCUSSION
According to (Gee, 2011) word usage divides into several categories
namely cognitive statements, affective statements, state and action statements,
ability and constraint statements, and achievement statements.
1. Cognitive statements classify to value because cognitive statement is
human’s intellectual potential capacity to expand his ability that deals with
knowledge, comprehension, application, and evaluation to analyze and
syntheses to an object. Other say cognitive statement is a human’s ability
to reflect something that she/he ever felt or been through before what
she/he wants to reach. Example:
“I think I was very lucky that I didn’t give it all up.”
In the sentence, it means that he is describing his experience before
reaching his success. During that time, he finds an obstacle which is
bullying and underestimates that he got from people on his surrounding
until he realized that he deeply stirred and trapped on it. After that, he
finally starts to awake and unties bring him back to the track at which he
was dream of and possessed.
2. Affective statements classify to belief because affective statements are
talks about desiring also affective statements understood as attitudes and
values which belong to a person that he/she wants to instill to others or a
person shows affective statements by talking about relationship and
activities in ways that seem to have direct or indirect reference outside of
themselves to achievement or success also important values comprised
within on his speech is behaving more wisely in dealing with all problems,
building auto criticism in each individual, presenting positive thought.
Example:
“If there’s anything that I’ve achieved, it was only possible
because I had other BTS members by my side, and because of the love and
support of our ARMY fans all over the world made for us.”
27
3. State and action statements classify as an assumption because state
statements are defined as to declare to be fact or make known, the way to
communicate an absence of reasonable doubt, and to emphasize the factual
or truthful nature of communication. Meanwhile, action statement is
understood as the way to communicate someone’s experiences and
accomplishments effectively, in a person is used to describe someone’s
skill and knowledge. Example of state and action statements:
“We truly have the best fans in the world.”
“We started to hear remarkable stories from our fans all over the
world, how our message helped them overcome their hardship in life and
start loving themselves.”
The writer make the 7th statement on Kim Namjoon’s speech as
state statement because function of this statement as a conclusion which
this statement is presented after the factual events shown in the preceding
statements.
4. Ability and constraint statements classify to assumption because ability
and constraint statements are talks about being able or having to do things
or descriptions about someone’s capacity and ability either description in a
place where ones being insisted to do a thing.
- Example of ability statements:
“Last November, BTS launched the love myself campaign with UNICEF
building in our belief that true love first begins with loving myself. We
have been partnering with UNICEF’s #ENDViolence program to protect
children and young generation all over the world from violence.”
- Example of constraint statement:
“I have come to love myself for who I was, who I am, and who I hope to
become.”
Those statements reflected abilities owned by Kim Namjoon and
BTS that we know from achievement that they have got. Indeed, in one of
28
the statements in the table communicates that not just any group or people
can invited to campaign for a program that is considered important,
especially for humanitarian problems. It’s needed a figure or character that
able to carry out such a noble task. And Kim Namjoon and BTS fit with it
as they proven through their achievement.
5. Achievement statement classify as belief because talks about activities,
desires, or effort that relate to accomplishment or distinction. Example:
“Last November, BTS launched the love myself campaign with UNICEF
building on our belief that true love first begins with loving myself. We
have been partnering with UNICEF’s #ENDviolence program to protect
children and young people all over the world from violence.
Ideology classifies as value because from explanation above, Kim
Namjoon is a public figure of a group that idolized by teenagers around the
world so that unconsciously their actions and behavior are made to be role
models that give positive impact for their fans and also reflected in their
daily lives and he want you to love and be yourself without having to think
about or be fixated on what other people say about you. Ask yourself what
makes you excited when doing something? Because only you know what
you really are and what you like. Example:
“… what excites you and makes your heart beat? Tell me your story. I want
to hear your voice and I want to hear your conviction. No matter who you
are, where you're from, your skin color, your gender identity, just speak
yourself. Find your name and find your voice by speaking yourself.”
Discourse component writer classifies as value and assumption, those are:
1. Value:
a. Coherence is understood as the connection of ideas at the idea
level. The coherence divided as several discussion, such as:
29
➢ Beginning/abstract is marked by the appearance of greeting
from the host/speaker to the audience then continued with
presentation of the theme of the speech. Example: “Thank you
Mr. Secretary General UNICEF Excellencies and
distinguished guests from across the world. My name is Kim
Namjoon, also known as RM the leader of the group BTS. It’s
an incredible honor to be invited to an occasion with such
significance for today’s young generation.
The phrase “thank you” is often appeared as a
conventional phrase to acknowledge person’s presence. And
it’s found in today’s opening of a speech as a host/speaker is
given time to present his/her speech.in 2nd statement “My name
is Kim Namjoon also known as RM, the leader of BTS” either
the 3rd statements which aimed to presence humbling and
blessing.
b. Temporal
Temporal understood as an interrelation of one idea
(information) to other idea in a context of situation, former
statement/sentence to the next or on contrary. Example: “After
releasing our Love Yourself albums and launching the Love
Myself campaign we started to hear remarkable stories from our
fans all over the world, how our message helped them overcome
their hardships in life and start loving themselves. Those stories
constantly remind us of our responsibility.”
The interrelation which is meant here is casual relationship
between of two action which done by Kim Namjoon and BTS’s
member and the result of those action. First, launching their
album entitled “Love Yourself” and secondly launching the
campaign namely “Love Myself”. The result of those action is
30
they have to hear remarkable stories from their fans and they
help to overcome their hardship in life.
c. Cohesion means the connection of ideas at the sentence level and
usually focused on the grammatical of either speaking and
writing.
➢ Pronoun is a word that replaces a nominal or regular noun or
phrase.
I refer to Kim Namjoon himself. Example:
“I would like to begin to talking about myself. I was born in
Ilsan, a city near Seoul, South Korea. I spent a happy
childhood and I was just an ordinary boy.”
We refer to Kim Namjoon and BTS’s member. Example:
“We have become artist performing in huge stadium and
selling millions of albums.”
Their refer to ARMY (BTS fans club) and Our refer to Kim
Namjoon and BTS’s member. Example:
“Our fans have become a major part of this campaign with
their action and enthusiasm.”
d. Conjunction are grammatical part and an undeniable word. Say
in other, conjunction is a word or group of word words that
functions to connect two of the same grammatical construct.
Example:
“I spend a happy childhood there and I was just an ordinary
boy.”
“Soon, I began to shut out my own voice and started to listen to
the voices of others.”
e. Lexical is the meaning of a word that is in accordance with the
true meaning or method of choosing words that are harmonious.
31
Divided into three categories: synonyms, hyponyms, and
equivalences. Example:
“Like most people, I made many mistake in my life. I have many
faults and I have many fears.”
2. Assumption
a. Addition is similarly like an annexation that also
understood as to attach, append, or add, or more
important than the previous idea which is appeared by the
speaker. It marks by word also, too, as well, moreover.
Example:
“Tomorrow I might be a tiny bit wiser, and that’s me too.”
b. Consequence is as the result from reason or argument
which become a conclusion. Example:
“But it took me a long time to hear music calling my real
name.”
c. Substitution specifically an important component in
expressing feelings and understands the meaning of a
sentence. Substitution divided into several parts, such as:
- Substitution of Conditional Clauses
Conditional clause is a clause that used to express a
conditional. Whose purpose to suppose something that
has happened or will happen. Example:
“If there’s anything that I’ve achieved, it was only
possible because I had other BTS members by my side,
and because of the love and support of our ARMY fans
all over the world made for us.”
32
Word if refer to all possibilities in BTS’s
achievement which caused by BTS members and their
fans ARMY supports.
Power relation classify as belief because:
a. The singular first-person pronoun is very widely used by Kim
Namjoon. The singular first-person refer to the speaker himself.
The use of the first person singular “I” indicates that Kim
Namjoon stands out or shows his existence as a leader of BTS.
Example:
“I'd like to begin by talking about myself. I was born in Ilsan,
a city near Seoul, South Korea. It is a really beautiful place,
with a lake, hills and even an annual flower festival. I spent a
very happy childhood there and I was just an ordinary boy. I
used to look up at the night sky in wonder and I used to
dream the dreams of a boy. I used to imagine that I was a
superhero who could save the world. And in an intro to one
of our early albums there is a line that says "my heart
stopped when i was nine or ten.”
b. The pronoun “we” indicates that Kim Namjoon wants to show
the involvement of other BTS member in UNICEF’s
#ENDviolence program campaign as well as to show ARMY’s
involvement in the same program. In other word, Kim Namjoon
wants to involve himself with others listener. Also, in the word
“our fans” is shown as a sense of belonging that their fans are
not only for him but for all BTS member. Example:
“We have been partnering with UNICEF's #ENDviolence
program to protect children and young people all over the
world from violence. And our fans have become a major part
33
of this campaign with their action and with their enthusiasm.
We truly have the best fans in the world.”
“And I was just an ordinary boy.”
The sentence above represented when Kim Namjoon told
his past before becoming a famous singer. There is social
structure that emerged such as social class, status, and social
identity. Kim Namjoon wants to show that initially he was
ordinary person whose finally through hard struggle he could
achieve his dream and able collocate himself socially equal to
the audience at the UN General Assembly.
Implicature classify as assumption because in one of the
statements contain implied meaning that Kim Namjoon actually
wants his listeners will not depend on other people’s judgements.
In that context, Kim Namjoon does not say “don’t let other
people stir your life”, he really understands that the current
context where his speech occurred is a very formal moment. A
moment which is attended by excellencies from all across the
world. Example: “There was a small voice in me that said
“wake up man and listen yourself.”’
Speech act classify as assumption because on writer’s
finding, speech act divided into three categories, locution,
illocution and perlocution. illocution defined as the speaker
intention of what is to be accomplished by the speech act.
Example: “What is your name? What excites you and make your
heart beat? Tell me your story.”
The sentence above also contains illocution, means that
Kim Namjoon indirectly motivates everyone to be proud of
themselves and having capability to explore their own interests
and talents.
34
Figurative language usually find at literature work like
poetry, short story even novel. The figurative language that
contains in Kim Namjoon’s speech text is personification and
metaphor. Metaphor defined as a means of asserting that two
things are identical in comparison rather than just similar.
Meanwhile personification is figure of speech that gives human
characteristics to inanimate object, animals, or ideas.
Example of metaphor:
- I spent a very happy childhood
In this sentence, Kim Namjoon’s describing the
childhood which he spent at his dwelling was very pleasant
and unforgettable.
- Tried to jam myself into the molds that other people
made
In this sentence, he too much depending on others
judgements until he didn’t realize or forget who he really is
and what talents and the abilities that are in him.
- Keep stumbling and falling
In this sentence, Kim Namjoon reminds us that as
human being we could fall and stumble into a problem in
our life.
Example of personification:
- Making up the brightest stars in the constellation of my
life.
35
In this sentence, every human being must have plenty
mistakes in their life, but how do we make each problem as
an experience that will brighten someone’s life.
It can be concluded that the metaphor based on the
example above that found in Kim Namjoon’s speech is
means that he describes the childhood which he spent at his
dwelling was very pleasant and unforgettable. Meanwhile
personification in his speech means that with plenty
mistakes he made as human being could become experience
and make him wiser in determining the next step and in
making decision as a leader of a group.
36
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the result of the research which writer have done by analyzing
the transcript of Kim Namjoon’s speech, here are some points that are obtained,
namely:
1. The use of words, divided into five parts: cognitive statements, affective
statements, state and action statements, ability and constraint statements, and
achievement statements.
2. Ideology that relates to that person with the person’s position in society.
B. Suggestion
For reader who will take same study:
1. Students
This research is expected to be able to provide knowledge related to
discourse analysis and can be used as a reference to further research focused on
comprehensive discourse analysis researches.
2. Lecturers
This research can posit as one of reference that applied in English teaching
material particularly relate to discourse analysis and expected to be beneficial to
all stakeholders as well as giving contribution to readers.
37
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https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.1.3.254-261
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TABLE 4.1 ABILITY AND CONSTRAINT STATEMENT
Ability statements
Constraint statements
"Last November, BTS launched
the “Love Myself” campaign with
UNICEF, building on our belief
that “true love first begins with
loving myself.”(4th)
We have been partnering with
UNICEF’s #ENDviolence
program to protect children and
young people all over the world
from violence.(5th)
We have become artists
performing in huge stadiums and
selling millions of albums.(32nd)
"I’m sure that I, and we, will
keep stumbling and falling.(31st)
Tomorrow I might be a tiny bit
wiser, and that’s me, too.(37th)
These faults and mistakes are
what I am, making up the
brightest stars in the
constellation of my life.(38th)
I have come to love myself for
who I was, who I am, and who I
hope to become.(39th)
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KIM NAMJOON’S SPEECH TEXT TRANSCRIPT
Thank you Mr. Secretary General, UNICEF Executive Director, and all
the excellencies and distinguished guest from all across the world. My name is
Kim Nam Joon also known as RM the leader of the group BTS. It is an incredible
honor to be invited to an occasion with such significance for today's young
generation. Last November, BTS launched the love myself campaign with
UNICEF building on our belief that true love first begins with loving myself. We
have been partnering with UNICEF's #ENDviolence program to protect children
and young people all over the world from violence. And our fans have become a
major part of this campaign with their action and with their enthusiasm. We truly
have the best fans in the world.
And I'd like to begin by talking about myself. I was born in Ilsan, a city
near Seoul, South Korea. It is a really beautiful place, with a lake, hills and even
an annual flower festival. I spent a very happy childhood there and I was just an
ordinary boy. I used to look up at the night sky in wonder and I used to dream the
dreams of a boy. I used to imagine that I was a superhero who could save the
world. And in an intro to one of our early albums there is a line that says "my
heart stopped when i was nine or ten."
Looking back I think that's when I began to worry about what other people
thought of me and started seeing myself through their eyes. I stopped looking up
at the night skies, the stars, I stopped daydreaming. Instead, I just tried to jam
myself into the moulds that other people made. Soon, I began to shut out my own
voice and start to listen to the voices of others. No one called out my name and
neither did I. My heart stopped and my eyes closed shut. so, like this I, we all lost
our names. We became like ghosts. But I had one sanctuary and that was music.
There was a small voice inside of me that said "wake up man and listen to
yourself."
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But it took me quite a long time to hear music calling my real name. Even
after make the decision to join BTS there were a lot of hurdles. Some people
might not believe it but most people thought we were hopeless. And sometimes, I
just wanted to quit. But I think I was very lucky that I didn't give it all up. And I'm
sure that I and we will keep stumbling and falling like this. BTS has become
artists performing in those huge stadiums and selling millions of albums right now
but I am still an ordinary 24 year old guy. If there's anything that I've achieved it
was only possible because I have my other BTS members right by my side and
because of the love and the support that our ARMY fans all over the world made
for us.
And maybe I made a mistake yesterday but yesterday's me is still me.
Today, I am who I am with all of my faults and my mistakes. Tomorrow, I might
be a tiny bit wiser and that would be me too. These faults and mistakes are what I
am making up the brightest stars in the constellation of my life. I have come to
love myself for who I am, for who I was, and for who I hope to become. I'd like to
say one last thing. After releasing our Love Yourself albums and launching the
Love Myself campaign we started to hear remarkable stories from our fans all
over the world, how our message helped them overcome their hardships in life
and start loving themselves. Those stories constantly remind us of our
responsibility. So, let's all take one more step. We have learned to love ourselves.
So now I urge you to "speak yourself".
I'd like to ask all of you what is your name? what excites you and makes
your heart beat? Tell me your story. I want to hear your voice and I want to hear
your conviction. No matter who you are, where you're from, your skin color, your
gender identity, just speak yourself. Find your name and find your voice by
speaking yourself. I'm Kim Nam Joon and also RM of BTS. I'm an idol and I'm an
artist from a small town in Korea. Like most people I've made many and plenty
mistakes in my life. I have many faults and I have many more fears but I'm going
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to embrace myself as hard as I can and I'm starting to love myself, gradually, just
little by little. What is your name? Speak yourself. Thank you very much.