S1 ScienceRocks

REVISION

NEW LEARNING

Through evaluation of a range of data, I can describe the formation, characteristics and uses of soils, minerals and basic types of rocks. SCN 3-17a

Having explored the substances that make up Earth's surface, I can compare some of their characteristics and uses. SCN 2-17a

Starter Questions

1. What do you think the Earth is made of?

2. Are rocks: Alive, Dead or Never Alive?

3. Write down 3 words to describe rocks.

Structure of the Earth

Today we will learn toDescribe the layers which make up

planet EarthWe will do this byListening to a description, drawing

a diagram and answering questions.

We will have succeeded ifWe can describe the Earth to an

alien (or our parents!).

Inside the Earth

Inside the Earth

Inside the Earth• Inner Core: Mostly iron, dense ________,

temperature about ________!

• Outer Core: Mostly iron, dense ________, temperature about__________.

• Mantle: Less dense than _________, temperature about ________.

• Crust: Between __ and 90km thick. Least dense rock, __________ part.

• Today we’ll be…..• Learning how different types of rock form.

• By the end of the next couple of lessons...• You will be able to explain how crystals

form inside rocks

• We’ll do this by….• Examining different rock types, watching a

film about how they form, and answering some questions.

sea

volcanoigneous rocks

basalt

igneous rocksgranite

Rocks riseto the surface by

uplift and erosion.

Weathering breaks down rocks.

magma

metamorphic rocks slate and marble

sedimentary rocksmudstone

slow solidification

high pressureand temperature

transportationand deposition

Magma rises to the surfacewhere itcools rapidly.

melt

• Today we’ll be…..• Learning how crystals form in igneous

rock.

• By the end of the lesson...• You will be able to explain why crystals in

rock are different sizes.

• We’ll do this by….• Doing an experiment to cool hot liquid and

examining what it looks like afterwards.

Crystals in Igneous Rock

Crystals in Igneous Rock

Crystals in Igneous Rock

• The crystals in _______ rock form as the hot m_______ (lava) cools down.

• Different sized crystals form because the magma _______ at different rates in different places, dependent on the t__________.

Crystals in Igneous Rock

• The crystals in igneous rock form as the hot magma (lava) cools down.

• Different sized crystals form because the magma cools at different rates in different places, dependent on the

temperature.

Sedimentary RocksHow They are Made

• Wind and water break down existing rocks

• Bits of existing rock settle in lakes and rivers

• Layers are formed and build up as the existing rocks stick together

• Pressure and time turn the layers to sedimentary rock

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

Gypsum

SandstoneLimestone

CoalRock Salt

Mudstone

Metamorphic RocksWhat are They?

• Rocks that have changed• They were once igneous or sedimentary• Pressure and heat changed the rocks • The newly formed metamorphic rock

can have different properties to the rock it was formed from

Types of Metamorphic Rocks

Slate

marble

Gneiss

Mica schist

Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years and

For Many Things

What type of Rock are the following made from ?

The White House Taj Mahal

Made from sandstone then painted white

Made from Indian marble

http://www.glowscience.org.uk/search

HARD ROCK INVESTIGATIONS1 Earth & Rocks Topic

• Today we’ll be…..• Learning how fossils form in sedimentary

rock.

• By the end of the lesson...• You will be able to explain how fossils were

preserved on the sea bed.

• We’ll do this by….• Doing an experiment to look at how fossils

were preserved and discussing fossils

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/fossils-on-streedagh-beach-in-ireland/7792.html

Has our country always been here?

• Most of our country is made from sedimentary rock – what does this tell you?

• Our land was once underwater!

Fossils

• Fossils are traces of prehistoric life• They are plants or animals that were

buried in sediment and preserved• Usually it was the print that was left –

the rock in the shape of the animal or plant

• The types of fossils in an area give clues to the area’s history

Making fossils – 1 between 2

• Put your initials on the cardboard and tape your cardboard in a circle

• Put plasticine in the bottom of the cardboard and make an impression of your shell in this – this is your mould

• Add 40ml of water to the plaster of paris – gently squeeze the bag until all of the water is gone

• Pour the plaster into your mould and leave it on the window ledge to set

• Today we’ll be…..• Learning what soil is made of.

• By the end of the lesson...• You will be able to explain what the three

main components of soil are.

• We’ll do this by….• Doing an experiment to heat soil and

weighing it before and after.

Soil

• What do you think of soil?

• It doesn’t look like much, but it is full of life

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/what-is-soil/2215.html

Soil CalculationComposition of Soil

1 Weight of empty dish

g

2 Weight of dish and soil

g

3 Weight of soil

(2-1) g

4 Weight of dish and dry soil

g

5 Weight of water

(2-4) g

6 Weight of dish and burned

soil g

7 Weight of humus

(4-6) g

Percentage of water in soil = [Weight of water/weight of soil] x 100 = [5/3]x100 = ________x100 = %