s05: principles of radar resources management managing a multi-function radar from an operational...
TRANSCRIPT
S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Managing a Multi-Function Radarfrom an operational perspective
Fok Bolderheij (Capt. RNLN, PhD)Netherlands Defence Academy
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 2S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Contents
• RNLN requirements leading to MFR procurement
• MFR Management Issues
• Integration of Sensor Management into C2
• Three Stage Sensor Management Concept
• Use of Sensor Performance Models
• Simulation Results
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 3S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Evolving Threat
SBS
SSS
SSS
SBS
SBSSBS
RECCE
SOJ
• Multiple Threats• Different Target Characteristics
Velocity Manoeuvrability Radar Cross Section Altitude
• Environmental Conditions Meteorology Geography Oceanography
• Electronic Counter Measures
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 4S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Evolutional Design…..
Picture: courtesy Thales NNL
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 5S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Solution : APAR MFR
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 6S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Multifunctionality
Picture: courtesy Thales NNL
• Search Functions Horizon Search Short Range Horizon Search Limited Volume Search Cued Search Helicopter Search
Track Functions Surface Tracks Air Tracks Helicopter Tracks
Weapon Control Surface gun fire control Missile Guidance
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 7S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Time – Energy Budget
Face 1 occupation
time
100%
0%
Allocation of EM energy to specific MFR functions
Horizon searchShort range searchLimited volume searchConfirmationCued SearchTarget designationAir trackWeapon (target) trackMissile trackMissile AcquisitionMidcourse guidanceTerminal illumination
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 8S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
MFR Management Issues
1. Allocation of the Time Energy Budget (TEB) : the EM energy available and the related time for surveillance, tracking and weapon control functions is only limited available functions have to be prioritised
2. Operational restrictions like Rules of Engagement or Emission Control plans have to be taken in to account
3. Each function has to be optimised with respect to a specific task and the environmental conditions
4. Many degrees of Freedom: Complex Human Machine Interface
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 9S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
• when to use which sensor and sensor function for picture compilation or weapon control while taking into account:
Emission Control plans Rules of Engagement
• how to set a sensor for optimal results with respect to the mission objectives and meteorological/ geographical conditions
Operator Decisions :
Sensor Management
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 10S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
SensorManagement
SystemSensor
C2System
Operator
SensorSettings
SensorObservations
Mission RelatedInformation
CommonOperationalPicture
Sensor Management Context Diagram
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 11S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Observe Orient
DecideAct
SensorManagement
Processes
Sensor
PictureCompilationProcesses
OperationalPicture
Command and Control (I)
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 12S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
OP Object Properties
state vector (position, velocity, acceleration)
type/class identity ……
Basic OP object attributes:
related uncertainties
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 13S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Prior Information
Expected state vector (position, velocity, acceleration, direction, ….)
type/class identity ……
Compilation of Virtual Objects:
Structured use of Intelligence
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 14S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Sensor
Detect TrackClassif
yIdentif
yDetermine
ThreatRecognise
Intent
OperationalPicture
Construct Task
(Monitor)
SelectResource
ControlResource
SystemKnowledge
Env.Knowledge
MissionKnowledge
Resource Management
Picture Compilation
Weapon C4I Platform Crew
Plan
Plans
Evaluate
EstimateRisk
AnalyseBehaviour
FuseMineData
Mission Management
Command and Control (II)
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 15S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Time slice
Intendto
Launch
Ableto
Launch
TargetDetected 2
Intendto
Home
Hard Kill
Soft Kill
Missilein
Launcher
Missilein
Flight
MissileHoming
MissileDetonated
MissileCrashed
MissileDestroyed
Time slice Time slice Time slice
InRange
TargetDetected 1
Missile Killed
Task Priorisation
Dynamic Bayesian Network
Range
Time
ConflictLevel
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 16S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Sensor Management
Three Sensor Management Stages :
1. Analyse the contents of the Operational Picture w.r.t. uncertainty, missing information Construct Task
2. Determine which of the available sensors is the most appropriate Select Sensor
3. Optimise the selected sensor for this task Control Sensor
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 17S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Knowledge
about the
Target (Mission)
Knowledge
about the
Environment
Knowledge
about the
System
Required Knowledge
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 18S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Sensor Performance Models
No detection due to multipath
No detection due toRadar horizon
Knowledge about the system
Knowledge about the Target
Knowledge about the Environment
Cone of Silence
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 19S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Model Utilisation
• Sensor Performance Analysis
• Performance Optimisation
• Sensor Selection Mechanism
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 20S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Performance Visualisation
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 21S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Orange Country
SSM site 1(70,55)
SSM site 2(80,115)
Carrier(135,100)
x-pos (km) ®
y-p
os
(k
m) ®
0 25 50 75 100 125 1500
25
50
75
100
125
150
ADCF(90,0)
Simulation
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 22S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000
0.5
1
Face
1
Horizon Search
Limited Volume Search
Track
Weapon Guidance
6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000
0.5
1
Face
2
6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000
0.5
1
Face
3
6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 80000
0.5
1
Face
4
Mission Time (sec)
Function Selection and Budget Allocation
EuMW 2012 Amsterdam, 28 Oct – 2 Nov 2012 23S05: Principles of Radar Resources Management
Summary
• Sensor Management has to be integrated in C2
• The Operational Picture is the basis of Sensor Management
• Not Functions, but Tasks are prioritised
• Validated Performance Models required
• Use of Environmental Information
• Autonomous Adaptive Sensor Deployment is feasible