s00173821 edfd 547 susan teeuwsen.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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EDFD547 S00173821SusanTeeuwsen
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DEVELOPAPROFILEFORACASESTUDYSTUDENTWITHASPECIALLEARNINGNEED
Thecasestudystudentwasobservedduringmyplacementinaco-educationpublicschool.
A. Commonissuesregardingthiscasestudystudent
Austin is a Year 10 student and is aged 16,which is on average 12months older than rest of the class. Austin has been diagnosedwithAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD),whichisoneofmostcommondevelopmentaldisorderandcouldpossiblycontinuethroughadolescence. In Austin’s case, with little attention span, it’s difficult to focus in class, interrupting others, losing confidence and missingschools;hefindshardtocontrolandexpresshisemotionsandsometimeshecanbeover-active(Hyde,Carpenter&Conway,2014).Austinisabletoassimilateintomainstreamschoolingwiththeassistancefromteacher’saideineveryclassheattends.Hefindsitverydifficultto form friendshipwithinhis own year level, andoften spend recess and lunchtimewith younger year level boyswherehe feels content.RecentlyAustinhashadmanyabsencesandispotentiallyfallingbehindinallofhisclasses.AccordingtowhatIobserveduringScienceclassandinformationreceivedfromTeacherAidethat:• Austinargueswithhissisteraboutchoresathomeandthereforehemightmisshisbus• Hecanonlyconcentrateatnighttodohishomeworksohehasdifficultiestowakeupbutdoesnotthinkit’snecessarytoadjusthissleeping
pattern• Duetothelackoffocusinclass,heoftenattemptstocompletehishomeworkalone,heneedsinternetaccessasheneedsclarificationto
thequestion,hasgreatdifficultiesindecidinghowmuchspacetoleaveinhisbooktocometothequestion• Austinhasbeenrequestingextensiononeverysingleassignmentsandprojects;hefeelsit’sfinetohandinlate.• SomesubjectsAustinhaslostinterests,hepurposelynotsubmittingassignmentssohecanfail,andhavedecidedtocontinuewithVCAL
studyafteryear10.• Duringclass,Austinpreferstositwithhisfriendsuntilheisaskedtomoveduetohisdisruptivebehaviours.
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Royal Australian andNew Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP 2010) reported that approximately 20%of children are suffering frommentalhealthdisorders;nearly25%ofthesechildrenarediagnosedwithdepression,anxiety,ADHDandautism(Hyde,Carpenter&Conway,2014,page155).Challenginganddisruptivebehaviourcouldpotentiallyaffectonteachers’lessondeliveryandstudentslearningexperience.Research(Abrams2005)hasconcludedworkingwithdisruptiveandchallengingbehaviourstudentscancauselongtermstressandexhaustionforeducators.SutherlandandSingh(2004)showedthatstudentswithchallengingbehaviourscausedbyADHDhavepoorperformanceacademically,obtainnegativerelationshipwithteachersandpeers,andlessopportunityforsuccessatschoolorsociety.PleaserefertotheInclusionPlanningMatrixbelowformoreinformationonAustin
Communication SocialInteractions RestrictedInterestsandRepetitiveBehaviours
SensoryProcessing InformationProcessingandLearningStyles
Characteris
tics
1. Unabletoregulateemotions2. Constantlyinterruptingteachers
andpeers3. ActivelycontributeinScienceclass
1. Liketositingroups2. Attimeswantstositalone3. Veryathletic,goodatplaying
soccer.4. Lowselfesteemtherefore
actingoverconfidentlyinfrontofpeers
5. Useaggressivelanguageanddisrespectpeers
1. Unabletoregulateemotions,easilyangeredandover-active.
2. Alwaysforgettobringtextbookoranyessentialmaterialstoclass
1. Lowlisteningskills2. Doesn’thaveeye
contact3. Doesn’tlikesharp
objects4. Easilybeing
disruptedbysurroundingnoises
1. Difficultwithreadingandwriting
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Implications
1. Persistentdifficultieswithbehaviours,angryanddefiant
2. Slowsdownlessondelivery,affectingotherstudentslearning
3. BehaveswellinScienceclass,enjoysvarioustopicsthathavebeendiscussed
1. Whensitsingroups,hecanbeverydisruptive
2. Whensitsalone,herefuseshelpfrompeers
3. Abletosocialwithpeersduringballgame
4. Unabletomaintainrelationshipwithpeers
1. Whenangry,hecanpotentiallyharmother,difficulttomanage
2. Willbedifficulttoteachhimwithoutanylearningmaterials
1. Cannotunderstandinstructions
2. Notlookingatboardorteacher
3. Scaredwhenusingsharps
4. Losecontrolofhisemotionwhenhe’sinterrupted
1. Needstorepeatinstructions
2. Difficultiesretaininginformationparticularofthetopicifisoflessinterest
Strategies
1. Haveteacheraidetocalmhimdown
2. Privatelynamehismisbehaviourssohedoesn’tfeelattacked
3. Utilizethepowerofpositivereinforcementwhenhebehaves
1. Lethimtositwithpeoplehe’scomfortablewith,butdowarnhimifhemisbehavesthenwillbemoved.
2. Encouragehimtoparticipateinteamsportstobuildrelationshipwithothers.
1. Whenangerisproblem,givehimtimeoutandreturnwhenready
2. Prepareasparetextbookintheclassroom
1. Writeinstructionsonboard
2. Allowhimtowearearphoneswhennoisy
3. Avoidusingsharpobjects
1. Usemorehandonactivities
2. Encouragehimtojoinhomeworkclubs
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B. HowcanInowputintopracticewhatIhavelearned?1. UnitofStudy:Science(howtospeedupachemicalreactionandfunctionofEnzyme) Year10
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Multiple
Intelligences
Bloom’sTaxonomy:SixThinkingLevels
Knowing Understanding Applying Analysing Creating Evaluating
Verbal
Ienjoyreading,writing&speaking
Listthenamesofdifferenttypeofchemicalreaction,relatechemicalreactionwithdailylife
Mathematical
Ienjoyworkingwithnumbers&
science
Writedownatleast3
possiblefactorsthatcanaltertherateofreaction
Visual
Ienjoypaintingdrawing&visualising
Using‘lockandkey’diagram,studentsintheirownbooksneedstodemonstratehowenzymespeedsupchemical
reaction
Kinaesthetic
Ienjoydoinghands-onactivities
Based on ‘decrease particlesizeto increasesurfaceareain order to speed upreaction, demonstrate withonionsamples
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Musical
Ienjoymaking&listeningtomusic
Studentstoresearchanymusicthatexplainsthebreakdownoffood
byusingenzymes
Inaroleplay,explainwhat
happenswhenfoodiseaten(indicateglucose,lipaseand
pepsin
Interpersonal
Ienjoyworkingwithothers
Ingroupof3,research3enzymesthat’sfoundinbody(blood,salivaand
stomach)
Basedontheresearchof3
enzymeinthebodyandtheirnames,writedownthe
possiblesubstrate
Intrapersonal
Ienjoyworkingbymyself
Researchhowlongittakesforachemicalreactiontocomplete
Researchwhatwouldhappenifchemicalreactiondoesnotdependonenzyme
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2. IdentifytheKeySyllabusOutcomesTOPIC/FOCUS:Formandfunction:Enzyme&CatalystScience/Level10/ScienceUnderstanding/ChemicalsciencesACSSU187Differenttypesofchemicalreactionsareusedtoproducearangeofproductsandcanoccuratdifferentrates
Ø Investigating how chemistry can be used to produce a range of useful substances such as fuels, metals andpharmaceuticals
Ø PredictingtheproductsofdifferenttypesofsimplechemicalreactionsØ UsingwordorsymbolequationstorepresentchemicalreactionsØ Investigatingtheeffectofarangeoffactors,suchastemperatureandcatalysts,ontherateofchemicalreactions
3. TwoBenefitsofdifferentiatedunitofworkforCaseStudyStudent.
Everystudentlearnsdifferently,differentiatedlessonplanwithinclusiveclassroomatmospherewilldefinitelyhelpstudentstoachievetheirownacademictargetandcreatethepositiveenvironment(Hyde,Carpenter&Conway,2014).
• Connectsstudentswithcontent,increaseclassroomengagement
OnebenefitofdifferentiatingtheunitofworkforstudentswithADHDisthat ithelpstoconnectthestudentwithrelevantcontent,allowsthemtodevelopknowledgeanddeepentheirunderstandingwithminimumlessondeliveringtimeusedandincreasediscussiontime.InAustin’scase,usingsimplerlanguageexpressionandwritteninstructionformat,visuallearningcardshelphimtocomprehendandthusincreaselevelofconcentration(Anderson1994).Anderson,1994state“Thematrixisdesignedtooffergreaterbreadthanddepth of learning activities than is usual in the traditional classroom that generally focuses on linguistic and logical mathematicalintelligenceandlowerorderthinking”.
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• Allowingstudentstolearnattheirownpace,achievepersonallydesignedacademicgoal
Allowingstudentstolearnattheirownpacepromoteslearnercentredpositivelearningenvironment,whichwhenusedinscienceclasses,ithelpstogeneraterelevantquestionsandpromotessciencebyinquiry.Italsoencouragesstudentstodeveloptheirknowledgewiththeirownabilitiesandinterests,providesenseofachievementthatactaspositivereinforcement(Hyde,Carpenter&Conway,2014).
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C. HowwillIdifferentiatealessonformywholeclasswithadaptationandassessmentsformycasestudystudent?Thislessonwillbepredominatelyfocusingon:
1. Explainwhatare:reactionrate,reactant,productandcatalystandhowtospeedupachemicalreaction.2. List4waystospeedupachemicalreactionandpropertiesofcatalyst.3. Give3enzymesthat’sfoundinliver,mouth(saliva)andstomach
Studentswillbeabletointheirownwords:
1. Describeswhatarereactants,productsandreactionrateinachemicalreaction2. Listandexplain4waystospeedupachemicalreaction3. Demonstrateunderstandingthefunctionofenzymebygivingexamplesofthreeenzymesthat’sfoundinhumanbody(liver,saliva
andstomach)Bytheendofthelesson,studentswillbeabletoachieveYear10Science,Sciencebyunderstanding,ACSSU187.
1) IndividualLearningPlan
SpecificIndicator Adaptations/Strategies Assessment
UsingtheSMARTapproach,writespecificbehaviouralobjectivesthatclearlyoutlinewhatyouwillexpectyourcasestudystudenttoachieve
Adaptationsandstrategiesthatincludethecasestudystudenteffectively.Includetheuseofsupportpersonnelandpeersupportasappropriate
Howwillyourcasestudystudent’sprogressbeassessed?BespecificandlinkassessmentdirectlytotheSMARToutcomeandindicators.
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BytheendofthelessonAustinwillbeableto
• Describewhatarereactants,productsandreactionrateinachemicalreaction
• Listandexplain4waystospeedupachemicalreaction
• Demonstrateunderstandingthefunctionofenzymebygivingexamplesofthreeenzymesthat’sfoundinhumanbody(liver,salivaandstomach)
Thetaskwherestudentsaredemonstratewithonionsampletoshow‘reduceparticlesizetoincreasesurfaceareainordertospeedupreaction,demonstratewithonionsamples
Differentiated
Austindoesnotlikeusingsharpobjects,insteadofusingsharpobjects,hecanwithapartner,visuallydemonstratewhathappenswhensurfaceareaincreasesbydecreasingparticlesizes.
Austinwillbeassessedwhenhecompletesthedrawingofincreasessurfacebyreduceparticlesize
2) PutinpracticeofPolicy
TheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)declare,“Aninclusivecurriculumtakesgender,culturalidentityandlanguage…itinvolvesbreakingnegativestereotypesnotonlyintextbooksbutalso,andmoreimportantly,inteacher’sattitudeandexpectations…furthermoreaninclusiveapproachtocurriculumpolicyhasabuilt-inflexiblythatcanbeadjustedtodifferentneedssothateveryonebenefitsfromcommonlyacceptedbasiclevelofqualityeducation”(UNESCO,PolicyGuidelinesoninclusionineducation,p.18)TheUNESCOadvocateshumanrightswhichresonancewiththeAustralianDisabilityDiscriminationAct1992.Austin’sacademiclifeshouldnotbeaffectedbyhisADHDcondition.Undersection2,page23,“itisunlawfulforaneducationalauthoritytodiscriminateagainstastudentonthegroundofastudent’sdisability…”(TheAustralianDisabilityDiscriminationAct,1992,p23).Thereforepromotinginclusiveeducationisessentialtowheneducatorsaimtoestablishpositivelearningenvironment.
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D. ClassroomObservationandReflection.
MyobservationtookplaceduringPeriod1and2inYear10ScienceclasswhereAustinispresent.Studentsareattentivelylisteningtomentorteacher’s introductory lesson to DNA, being the blue print of all lives. Teacher explained why students have to understand the chemicalreactionbeforemovingontobiologicalscience,theimportanceofunderstandingsciencesinceweliveinascientificworldduetothefactthatmany students struggled (includingAustin)whilst studying different types of chemical reactions. Austin at firstwas fascinatedbywhat heunderstood,butassoonashewasaskedtowritedowndefinitionsofwhatgeneticmeans,helostfocusandstartstalkingtohispeersaboutthefootballgamehewatchedlastnight.Beinganexperiencedteacher,andhasbuiltastrongtrustyrelationshipwiththestudents,mentorteachertechnicallyignoredAustinandwalkedtowardsthetablewhereAustinisatandstoppedandcarriedonwiththelessondelivering.Thedisruptivetalkingdidnotstopandwasinvolvingmorestudents(from2to4includingAustin)atthismoment.Thementorteacherquicklymovedontofirstactivity,whichwasnotpartofthelessonplantobeintroducedinsuchearlypartofthelesson.Theactivityiscalled‘whoamI’:tolookatthedistinctivecharacteristicsofourbodypartsincluding:widow’speak,crockedlittlefinger,cleftchin,attachedorunattachedearlobes,ableorunabletorollthetongue,beingaleftorrighthandedetc.studentswereworkingwithpairsandpresentedtheirfindingsinatableandrecordedintheirexercisebooks.Austinwasveryhyperactiveduetofascination.ThementorteacherdrewthetableontheboardandAustin volunteered to collect class-finding data and record themon the board. Austinwas extremely happy and believes thementorteacherhasentrustedwithhimanimportanttask.Thisstrategyofengagingstudentandentruststudentswithpartofclassroomactivitiesisaneffectivewayofbeinginclusivetowardsstudentswithspecialneeds.AsHyde,Carpenter&Conway,2014express that, therearesomeeffectivestrategies toengagestudentswith learningdifficultiesandemergethemintoconversationandclassdiscussion:
• Toshowstudentsappropriatewaysofgettingattention(whenAustinputhishandsupandvolunteeredtotakechargeofrecordingontheboard)
• Toshowstudentshowtolistentoothers(Austinwillhavetolistentoeachpairsfeedbackandrecordontheboard)• To be involved with others who has appropriate communicating skills (Austin was asked to sit with George, who was the class
representative,studiousandalwayswillinglyhelpingothers)
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Itisimportanttodesignandinstructclassroomactivities,whichaccommodateallstudentsintheclass,whetherwithchallengingbehavioursorlearningdifficulties(Brady&Scully2005).Brady&Scully(2005)suggeststrategicallysetupclassroomsothattheteacherisabletoreacheverystudentandeachcorneroftheroom;beflexiblewithseatingplanandpreparea‘timeout’zonewhenit’sneeded.Tobefirmandfairisalsoanessentialelement inbuildingapositiveclassroomculture (Pirola-Merlo2003).Howthecurriculum ispresentedalsodeterminewhetherstudentsareengagedwithlearningcontentorengagedwithchallengingbehaviours;dividethetaskinto‘do-able’portionscreatessenseofachievementandsetontonextchallenge(Jones,Jones&Jones2007).Thementorteacherwiselyintroducethetopic,engagedstudentswithcreativeclassroomactivitiesthatarepracticalandgeneratesdiscussionthatinvolveseveryoneintheclassroom.
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E. Reflectiononstrategiesinpractice
Jigsawstrategy:Jigsaw isacooperative learning techniquewithmanyhistoryof successbuildingpositive learningenvironment. Jigsawstrategy takesplacewhere students in the classroom are divided into groups of 4 – 5 that teachers have control over. Divide the learning task into differentsegmentandgivingtoeachgroupwithadifferenttaskandalearningtopic,thenreunitewiththejigsawgrouptoshareeachothersfinding,itprovides opportunity to build relationship amongst peers and empathy through sharing and giving processwhile partake in the academicactivity(Aronson,2000).Workinginagrouppromotesteamwork,forspecialstudentslikeAustin,itwillbeagoodopportunityforhimtoworktogetherwithpeoplehe’scomfortablewithandcreateinterdependency.Research demonstrated the jigsaw learning strategy has long-termbenefits for individual and classroomas awhole; it increases students’analyticalskillsandgainconfidence(Aronson,2000).ForstudentslikeAustinwhomightloseinterestswhenworkingindividually,workingtogetherasagroupwherehefeelsconfidentmighthelphimtobeengagedwiththetaskandfeelthesenseofachievement.TheseareallpositivereinforcementthatallowsAustintobeengagedinthe classroomandenjoyhis learningexperience.Groupwork removespossible stresswherehemightbecome frustratedwhenencounterdifficulties;byworkingwithothers,helearnstolisten,tospeakwhenneeded,observehowothersmightworkinagroupwhichhelpshimtoadaptintothenormal(ratherlargeforhim)classroomenvironment.Think–pair–shareThethink,pair, sharestrategy isacooperative learningtechniquethat’sbeenusedcommonly inclassroomacrossallcurriculums. Itallowsstudentstofirstthinkindividuallyofthegiventaskandformingtheirownconceptsandideas,thengathertogetherasagrouptoshareownthoughtsandideas;inturnthepaircandiscussandconcludetheirfindings,andproposegroupideastotheclass(StartingPointTeachingEntryLevelGeoScience).Thislearningstrategyhelpstudentswhoareontheautismspectrum,mightnotbecomfortablebyworkingingroupof4-5,
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insteadwiththeonetheyarecomfortablewithandgeneratesdiscussion.Thestrategyallowsallstudentstoshare,insteadoffeelingawkwardorshytospeak in frontofwholeclass, inasmallergroupalsogivethemsenseof involvementandachievement inthe learning.Therearechallenges while using this strategy: what if students are not equally contributing or ‘one person does it all’ happens? It’s important forteachers to circulateeach groupwhilst using this strategy in classroom.Givingpromotingquestionsorbeing the icebreaker indiscussionswouldallhelpthisclassroomstructuretobecomebeneficialfortheirlearning.
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Reference:Abrams, B. (2005). Becoming a therapeutic teacher for students with emotional and behavioural disorder. Teaching Exceptional Children,38(2),40-6.Anderson,L.W.(1994).Researchonteachingandteachereducation.InL.W.Anderson&L.A.Sosniak(Eds.),Bloom’staxonomy.Aforty-yearretrospective(pp.126–145).Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPressAronson,E.(2000).NobodyLefttoHate:TeachingCompassionAfterColumbine.NewYork:W.H.FreemanAustralianGovernmentComLaw(1992)DisabilityDiscriminationAct.Retrievedon15thNovember2015from:https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013C00022Brady,L.&Scully,A.(2005).Engagement:Inclusiveclassroommanagement.FrenchsForest,NSW:PearsonEducationAustralia.Hype.M,Carpenter.L,&Conway,R.(2014)Diversity,Inclusion&Engagement(2nded).Australia:OxfordUniversityPress.Johns,F.,Jones,P.&Jones,J.(2007).Toolsforteaching:Discipline,instruction,motivation.USA:fredjones.comPirola-Merlo,S. (2003).Relationshipmanagement intheprimaryschoolclassroomstrategies inthe legalandsocialcontext.FrenchsForest,NSW:PearsonPrenticeHall.Sutherland,K.&Singh,N. (2004).LearnedhelplessnessandstudentswithEBD:Deprivation intheclassroom.BehaviouralDisorders,29(2),169-81.ScienceEucationResourceCentre(lastmodified16thMay2015)StartingPoint.http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/interactive/tpshare.htmlLastretrieved15thNovember2015.UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(2009),PolicyGuidelinesOnInclusionInEducation.Retrievedon15thNovember2015from:http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001778/177849e.pdf
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Appendix
SECONDARYLESSONPLAN
YEARLEVEL&SUBJECT: Year10Science(Chemistry) DATE:29.04.2015
NO.OFSTUDENTS:28 LESSONDURATION:50mins
TOPIC/FOCUS:Formandfunction:Enzyme&Catalyst
Science/Level10/ScienceUnderstanding/Chemicalsciences
Differenttypesofchemicalreactionsareusedtoproducearangeofproductsandcanoccuratdifferentrates
Investigatingtheeffectofarangeoffactors,suchastemperatureandcatalysts,ontherateofchemicalreactions
GOALSANDOBJECTIVES(INCLUDELINKTOAusVELS):
Thestudentswillbeableto:
4. Explainwhatare:reactionrate,reactant,productandcatalystandhowtospeedupachemicalreaction.5. List4waystospeedupachemicalreactionandpropertiesofcatalyst.6. Give3enzymesthat’sfoundinliver,mouth(saliva)andstomach
LESSONPROCEDURE
TIMING RESOURCES STEPSOFTHELESSON
(Keyactivitiesandkeyquestions)
EXPECTEDSTUDENTREACTIONSORRESPONSES
TEACHERRESPONSESTOSTUDENTS
(Includingconsiderationoftheneedtoadapt,reteachorextend)
GOALS&METHODSOFEVALUATION
2mins • Prezi
(Dependsontime)
Opening
Recap:
Covalentbond,Monomer
Polymer(synthetic&natural)give3exampleseach
Thermosettingplastic.Thermoplastic
3waystomakethermoplastics
ENSURE
-PLASTICSAREMADEFROMOIL!!!
-Covalentbondhappensbetweencarbons
-Understandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthermosetting&thermoplastic.
*Englishclass:hero,fireman(dresscode)
Introduction
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7mins
Howtospeedupthereaction?
1.Increasetheconcentrationofreactants
2.Heatingthereaction
3.Decreasetheparticlesizeofthereactanttoincreasethesurfacearea
4.Addacatalyst
*Particlesize&surfacearea
*Catalyst:speedup&reuse
Writeontheboard
*Dependsontime:
1.Writeastheygiveanswer
OR
2.Writefirstandaskthemtocopyiftimeisshort.
Conceptsetting
Definition
5mins
Organiccatalyst:enzyme
-Protein
-Specifictosubstrate(keysandlock)
-Willnotbedecreased,increasedorchangedthroughoutreaction.
10mins ACTIVITY: FIND3ENZYMESINYOURBODY!
Whatisit:
Whereisit:
Whatdoesitdo?
(Inyourbody)
• Asstudentscallout,writedownontheboard
Name Where Function
Amylase Mouth(saliva) Breakdownstarch
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3mins Closure
1. Explainwhatare:reactionrate,reactant,product
andcatalystandhowtospeedupachemicalreaction.
2. List4waystospeedupachemicalreactionandpropertiesofcatalyst.
3. Whatisit,whereisit,andwhatdoesitdo
Amylose,pepsin,lipase