s weden and r ussia after the thirty years war. our objectives are you will know the reasons why...
TRANSCRIPT
Our objectives are
• You will know the reasons why Queen Christina gave up her throne of Sweden.
• Identify the area in Europe where Sweden and Russia fought over territory.
• You will know the reasons behind Charles XII decline in power.
• You will appraise the ways in which Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia.
During the last phase, the French joined with the Swedish. The War ended with the
Treaty of Westphalia, 1648. But what happened to Sweden after this time?
First, Gustavus Adophus’ daughter presided over a brilliant court of
philosophers, musicians and artists.
Christina caused an uproar in Europe
when she converted to Catholicism and gave
up her throne and retired to Rome to
live.
This was done while the super-powers fought in the War of Spanish
Succession (1703-1713). Charles took advantage of the pre-occupation of Europe to press for his country’s
advantage.
You will now learn the reasons for the decline of Charles XII of Sweden, and the
rise of Peter “The Great” of Russia
The Mouth of the Baltic now was under Russian control. Here, a Russian Tsar
would build a magnificent city.
Charles escaped and went and lived among the Muslims in Turkey! He returned to Sweden, and was killed
during a border war with Norway. His body was brought home to Stockholm.
European Russia is the area WEST of the Urals—the mountain range that runs north/south through Russia.
Russia emerged as a country quite late in European history—from about 1650 to
1750 it established its borders and acquired new sea ports.
Ivan, an tyrant, was successful in fighting the Tartars—a vast nomadic group of raiders from the Steppes of
Russia
But, he corresponded with
Elizabeth I of England, and even
considered offering her hand
in marriage!
Finally, in 1613, a national assembly met and elected a 17 year old boy, Michael Romanov, as their Tsar.
The Russian Royal family name would remain the same for the next 300 years.
The last Russian Tsar would be
brutally murdered by the communists
in 1918.
The word Tsar comes from the word Caesar. You pronounce it with a
hissing “s” and the beginning: ssss-tar
The more traditional and superstitious
people resisted these changes and became
known as “old believers.”
In Woodburn, Oregon, there are many Russian
descendants of these Old Believers who settled in
the area in the early
1950’s.
Peter the Great was born in Moscow in 1672. Like Louis XIV, he face revolts from various factions in his childhood, and his uncle was
murdered in front of his eyes. Moscow would remain a forbidding, medieval city in his eyes.
He was greatly disturbed that Russia had only one port—Archangel! And it
was frozen for 8 months of the year.
When Peter came back from this first trip to Europe, he faced a revolt from a group of
officers in the army, the streltsi. He publicly executed these rebels.
As an autocrat, Peter was not afraid to use ferocious torture or execution. He will eventually have his own son
executed for treason.
Thousands of peasants died creating this beautiful city. Peter imported architects and engineers from
Europe.
St. Petersburg was destined to have three names: During World War I it was called Petrograd, then re-named Leningrad, after the communist leader. But now it is called
St. Petersburg again.
Peter was forced to heavily tax his subjects. He copied a lot of the mercantilist policies
of Colbert.
He chose the leader of the Church. Between State and Church, Peter was and
autocrat, and reigned supreme.
Like the monarchs of Western Europe, Peter was an absolute monarch. But the
state he ruled was backward, ignorant and illiterate, expect for the wealthy landed
classes.
He changed “culture” and society. Men
were ordered to cut their beards
and dress in Western
European clothes.
On a second trip to Russia, Louis XIV had
now died, but Peter held up Louis XV, who was but a small child.
He laughed and hugged him to the
delight of the onlookers at Versailles.
But millions of peasants were born and died who were affected very little by
Peter’s reforms. They were regarded as brutes or children by their masters.
Peter the Great remains a towering figure in European history. It would
be his granddaughter in law who would
continue to westernize Russia.
Our objectives were:
• You learned the reasons why Queen Christina gave up her throne of Sweden.
• You can identify the area in Europe where Sweden and Russia fought over territory.
• You know the reasons behind Charles XII decline in power.
• You can appraise the ways in which Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia.