s. stone b physics in the lhc era · 2020. 11. 2. · upgrade,& super b factories madison, may...
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B Physics in the LHC Era
S. Stone
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Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Baryogensis: From current measurements can only generate (nB-nB)/nγ =~10-20 but ~6x10-10 is needed. Thus New Physics must exist
Dark Matter
Hierarchy Problem: We don’t understand how we get from the Planck scale of Energy ~1019 GeV to the Electroweak Scale ~100 GeV without “fine tuning” quantum corrections
2
Gravitational lensing
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General Justification for Flavor Physics
Expect New Physics will be seen at LHC However, it will be difficult to characterize
this physics. How the new particles interfere virtually in the decays of b’s (& c’s) with the SM W’s & Z’s can tell us a great deal about their nature
NP models must conform with severe constraints from flavor such as B(b→sγ)
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Quark Mixing & CKM Matrix
In SM charge -1/3 quarks (d, s, b) are mixed Described by CKM matrix (also ν are mixed)
λ=0.225, A=0.8, constraints on ρ & η These are fundamental constants in SM
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V 23
,−13
⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟
=
Vud Vus Vub
Vcd Vcs Vcb
Vtd Vts Vtb
⎛
⎝
⎜⎜⎜⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟⎟⎟⎟
=
1− λ2 / 2 λ Aλ3 ρ − iη( )−λ 1− λ2 / 2 Aλ2
Aλ3 1− ρ − iη( ) −Aλ2 1
⎛
⎝
⎜⎜⎜⎜
⎞
⎠
⎟⎟⎟⎟
+ O λ4( )
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Limits on New Physics It is oft said that we have not seen New
Physics, yet what we observe is the sum of Standard Model + New Physics. How to set limits on NP?
Assume that tree level diagrams are dominated by SM and loop diagrams could contain NP
Tree diagram example Loop diagram example 5 Madison, May 9, 2011 �
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What are limits on NP from quark decays?
Tree diagrams are unlikely to be affected by physics beyond the Standard Model
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CP Violation in Bo & Ko Only
Absorptive (Imaginary) of mixing diagram should be sensitive to New Physics. Lets compare
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They are Consistent
But consistency is only at the 5% level Same for Bs – CP violation in J/ψ φ (not
including D0 Asl) ⇒limits on NP are not so strong 8 Madison, May 9, 2011 �
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Limits on New Physics From Bo Mixing
Is there NP in Bo-Bo mixing?
Assume NP in tree decays is negligible, so no NP in |Vij|, γ from B-→DoK-.
Allow NP in Δm, weak phases, ASL, & ΔΓ.
Bo|ΗΔB=2SM+NP |Bo = Δd
NP Bo|ΗΔB=2SM |Bo
ΔdNP = ReΔd + iImΔd
Room for new physics, in fact SM is only at 5% c.l.
95% c. l.
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Limits on New Physics From BS Mixing
Similarly for BS One CP Violation
measurement using BS→J/ψ φ
Here again SM is only at 5% c.l.
Much more room for NP due to less precise measurements
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11
New Physics Models There is, in fact, still lots of room for “generic” NP What do specific models predict?
Supersymmetry: many, many different models Extra Dimensions: ″ Little Higgs: ″ Left-Right symmetric models ″ 4th Generation models ″
NP must affect every process; the amount tells us what the NP is (“DNA footprint”)
Many interesting cases exist
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Exp: B(Bs→µ+µ-) in NUHM1
CMS discovery contours for H, A → τ+τ- →jets (solid line), jet + µ (dashed), jet + e (dotted) using 30-60 fb-1
(From O. Buchmueller et al., arXiv:0907.5568)
12
B(Bs→µ+µ-)
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Experiments CMS & ATLAS largely in central region,η=-ln
(tanθ/2) between -2.4 & 2.4, LHCb 2<η<5
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Luminosities Luminosities – LHCb limited to ~3x1032/cm2-s LHCb luminosity is now being “Leveled”
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ALICE
ATLAS CMS LHCb
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σ(pp→bbX) using 15 nb-1
b→D0Xµ -ν, Do→K-π+, ~280 events
σ =
# of detected D0µ− & D0µ+
L x efficiency x 2
In 2<η<6, (75.3±5.4±13.0) µb LEP frag ⇒ 284±20±49 µb In 2<η<6, 89.6 µb Tevatron frag ⇒ 338±24±58 µb Also measured charm cross-section, ~20x b
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• - Single Muon Trigger + Average
Error on theory
x -Untriggered
Infancy Right Sign Wrong Sign
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Bs Semileptonic Decays First Observation of Bs→Ds2 Xµ-
ν Decays Look at DoK+ mass in µ-
events
First step in measuring structure of Bs semileptonic decays, fractions to Ds, Ds*, DsJ, etc..
16
*+
Ds1+(2536)
seen by D0
Ds2*+(2573)
20 pb-1
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See Carson’s parallel session talk
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b Fractions (LHCb) Important to set normalization scale for B’s fs/fd using hadronic decays
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Using Semileptonics: b→(Do, D+, Ds, Λb) Xµυ
independent of pt
fs / fd = 0.272 ± 0.008−0.022+0.024
fΛb/(fu+fd)
fΛb/ fd + fu( ) = 0.401± 0.019 ± 0.106
− 12.0 ± 2.5 ±1.2( ) ×10−3 × pt (GeV )
fs / fd = 0.245 ± 0.017 ± 0.018 ± 0.018Theory error
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b xsect from b→J/ψ X
Here use 5.2 pb-1
σ= 288±4±48 µb
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ATLAS σ from b→J/ψ X
ATLAS also in agreement with FONLL for pt>5 GeV/c
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M(µ+µ-) (GeV)
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CMS σ from b→Xµν
In all cases generally good agreement with NLO calculations, within large errors
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See parallel session talk of S. De Visscher
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Progress on “Key” Measurements
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Bs→µ+µ- SM branching ratio is small, NP can make
large contributions.
Many NP models possible, not just Super-Sym 22 Madison, May 9, 2011 �
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Bs→µ+µ- Current Status Upper limits at 90% c.l.
23
LHCb 1 year old, 37 pb
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10-6
10-7
10-8
fb-1
-CDF
-D0
-LHCb
B(B
s→µ+ µ-
)
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Bs→µ+µ- Short Term Projection
CMS is also interested in this measurement
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CPV in appears in the difference between B→f & B→f; for CP eigenstates f=f
CP asymmetry, e.g. Bo decays is given by
Ψ depends on decay mode, e.g. for Bo→J/ψ Ks, Ψ =β.
Need two interfering amplitudes, where one can be provided by mixing
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CP Violation
ACP =Γ B0 → f( ) − Γ B0 → f( )Γ B0 → f( ) + Γ B0 → f( ) = sin 2Ψ( )sin Δmt( )
Bo
Bo
f
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Measurement of Δms Amplitude Scan Amix vs time
Use ~1400 fully hadronic Bs decays LHCb: Δms = 17.63 ± 0.11 ± 0.04 ps-1
CDF: Δms = 17.77 ± 0.10 ± 0.07 ps-1
(PRL 97, 242003) Now ready for time-dependent CPV in Bs
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See parallel session talk of Furcas
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CPV in Bs→J/ψ φ Bs is complicated because ΔΓ ≠ 0
Here Sf=sin(2βs), Cf=0, AfΔΓ=-cos(2βs),
in SM βs=-0.018, thus a good place for NP to appear
J/ψ φ is not a CP eigenstate, so do ∠ analysis Madison, May 9, 2011 � 27
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Decay Angles
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Signals: ATLAS & CMS
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LHCb data
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τ > 0.3 ps 860 events
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LHCb φs Measurement Confidence
Level scan 1.2 σ from SM Using
opposite side flavor tagging only
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LHCb 860 (37 pb-1) -2.7< φs < -0.5 @ 68% c.l. Madison, May 9, 2011 � 32
Comparison with CDF/D0
βs = -φs
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1st Observation of Bs→J/ψ f0(980) In Bs→J/ψ φ there is the possibility of an S-wave
contamination under the φ. If this existed it could manifest itself as a 0+ π+π- system. [Stone & Zhang PRD
79, 074024 (2009)]. As a CP eigenstate could be used to measure φs without angular analysis
Found by LHCb.
33 Confirmed by Belle & CDF Madison, May 9, 2011 �
Γ J /ψ f0; f0 →π +π −( )Γ J /ψφ; φ → K +K −( ) ≈ 0.25
m(J/ψ π+π-) within 90 MeV of 980 MeV m(π+π-) within 30 MeV of Bs mass
Bs f0(980) 36 pb-1
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γ Projections Important goal. Expect error on γ of 3-4 using a combination
of DK and DsK modes in current LHCb Desire error of 1o, to be pursued by LHCb
Upgrade,& Super B factories
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Measurement of γ using B-→DoK-
One of several ways to determine γ
Uses several modes with different Do decays into K-π+, K+π- (doubly Cabibbo suppressed), K+K-, π+π-
Here Do→K-π+
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Can also use B→hh coupled with SU(3)
See parallel session talk of Whithead
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B→πK, ππ, KK 35 pb-1, “loose cuts”
LHCb will get as many Kπ in 0.5-0.7 fb-1 as Belle in 1000 fb-1
Bs→K±π+
140 events
36
B(B→π+π-)=5x10-6
275 events
Bo→K±π+
1447 events
333 events
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Sum of reflections
LHCb Preliminary
LHCb Preliminary
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B→πK: CPV
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Bo→K+π-
Bs→K+π- Bs→K-π+
Bo→K-π+
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CP Asymmetries
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Obvious CPV in both Bs & Bo Using loose cuts ACP(Bo)=-0.074±0.033±0.008 (HFAG: -0.098±0.012) Using tight cuts ACP(Bs)=0.15±0.19±0.02 (CDF: 0.39±0.15±0.08 in 1 fb-1) These asymmetries are sensitive to new particles
in loops
See parallel session talk of H Cliff
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Bo→K*o µ+µ- Measuring the angular asymmetries in Bo→K*o µ+µ-.
Sensitive to the presence of new particles
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Bo→K*o µ+µ- Results
Hint of NP, but lots more luminosity needed
LHCb: First signal seen 23±6 events, S/B = 5
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Belle has 250 events in 605 fb-1, CDF 101 in 4.4 fb-1
CDF BELLE J/ψ ψ´
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Signals Seen in Other Key Modes
Two examples 1st Observation of Bs→K*oK*o Branching ratio ≈2x10-5
Will be used to measure CP violation in Bs gluonic Penguin modes
41
14.7±1.4 events
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bW+
d }s}d
s
s K*0
}
Bs0 K*0t
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Bs→K*oK*o
42
m(K-π+) m(K+π-)
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Bo→K*oγ��� Looking
forward to Bs→φγ
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Future Acts LHCb Upgrade: run at 1033 cm-2/s (x5),
double trigger efficiency on purely hadronic final states
Super B factories Time scales are on the order of 6 years
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Conclusions B physics at the LHC is still a baby, perhaps we
will reach adolescence this year b cross-section has been measured & agree with
expectations (with large errors) fractions of b hadron species have been determined
Well known decays have been seen, & LHCb has already observed new Bs decay modes Bs→Ds2*+(2573) X µν, J/ψ fo(980), K*oK*o, DoK*o, ψ´φ
We are ready to search for and limit New Physics with the 2011 data
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The End
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ATLAS B σ’s
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Fake D+
D+ Dfb
Prompt D0 Dfb: 9406±110
Dfb: 2446±60
LHCb Preliminary
LHCb Preliminary
LHCb Preliminary
D+→K-π+π+
Also D+, Ds, Λb
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Ds→K-K+-π+
Ds
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Extract Bs fractions Crucial to set absolute scale for Bs rates,
since not given by e+e- machines. Must correct for Bs→DoK+Xµν, also Λb→DopXµν
No pt dependence
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fs / ( fu + fd ) = 0.136 ± 0.004−0.011+0.012
√s = 7 TeV LHCb Preliminary ~3 pb-1
√s = 7 TeV LHCb Preliminary ~3 pb-1
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Bs fraction - hadronic Also can use hadronic decays + theory ~35 pb-1
Semileptonics:
√s = 7 TeV LHCb Preliminary
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+ + + - - -
fs / fd = 0.272 ± 0.008−0.022+0.024
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Λb Fraction Significant pt dependence
In general agreement with CDF measured at <pt>~10 GeV/c
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√s = 7 TeV LHCb Preliminary ~3 pb-1
√s = 7 TeV LHCb Preliminary ~3 pb-1
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1st Observation of Bs→DoK*o
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Exclusive B→ J/ψ h
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t > 0.3 ps B+→J/ψ K+ B+→J/ψ K+
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Bs→µ+µ- longer term Will take Upgrade to reach SM sensitivity
Reach SM sensitivity and beyond with Upgrade 54
Limit of current LHCb
Roadmap For 14 TeV
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Bo→µ+µ- In fact correlation between Bd & Bs µ+µ- could
be crucial
This can only be done with the LHCb Upgrade
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Upsilons too
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Exclusive semileptonic decays
Accurate measurement of B-flight direction allows missing neutrino reconstruction
For Bs→Ds X µν Ds: 0.26±0.06 Ds*: 0.49±0.069 Ds**: 0.25±0.12 LHCb preliminary
ν
LHCb Preliminary
57
No systematic errors yet
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CP Violation in Bs Will try & measure φs=-βs in SM without SS tags
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τ >0.3 ps
Roadmap (36 pb-1) LHCb (36 pb-1) CDF 5.2 fb-1
# J/ψ φ 1050 836 6500
σ(τ) (fs) 38 50 100
OS tag power (2.2±0.8)% (1.2±0.2)%
SS tag power working on (3.5±1.4)% 6.2%
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Great Prospects in Charm
59
M2(KK)
M2(Kπ)
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Bo→K*o µ+µ- Upgrade Other better angular correlation variables
Need 50 fb-1 to reduce errors below differences in SM - NP
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Error using 10 fb-1
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B-→Doh-
~12 pb-1
B-→Doπ-, Do→K-π+ B-→DoK-, Do→K-π+
B-→Doπ-, Do→π-π+ B-→Doπ-, Do→K-K+
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2431 events
162 events
55 events
126 events
B(B→Doπ-) ●B(Do→π+K-) =1.9x10-4
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Electroweak Physics LHCb can make unique measurements of many
important quantities W± & Zo cross-sections at η > 2, allows access to
precision PDF measurements necessary for precision W mass measurement. Data from 16 pb-1
Measure AFB in Zo decays, determine sin2θlept to ±0.00010 in 50 fb-1, -discrepancy between LEP & SLD
(0.23221±0.00029, 0.23098±0.00026)
m(µ+µ-)
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