S O D I U M a n d C H L O R I D E C H A N N E L S

2:2:1

aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor/channel

i

o10ion ion

ionlog

z

58E

mM3

mM104

Cl

Cl

i

0

mV90~ECl

ligand gated Cl- channel EtOH is an agonist

(CNS depressant)

M U S C L E

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

frame shift mutation no dystrophin is synthesized and DMD, a very severe form of the disease, results

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)

If the deletion simply removes certain exons, a shortened protein results that produces BMD, a milder form of the disease

Dystrophin staining

Duchenne Muscular DystrophyNormal Muscle

Western blot of dystrophin from dystrophinopathies

Lane 1: Becker dystrophyLane 2: Becker dystrophyLane 3: NormalLane 4: Duchenne dystrophy

T H E N E U R O M U S C U L A R J U N C T I O N

A X O N S - D E S I G N A N D D I S E A S E

myelin increases resistance and decreases capacitance

decreases signal attenuation

node of Ranvier

decreased capacitance means less charge transfer required to change membrane potential and faster APs

d

AC o

CRt

eEE o

am R/R

A X O N S - D E S I G N A N D D I S E A S E

squid giant axon ~ 1mm and conducts at 20m/sec

S o d i u m a n d S o d i u m C h a n n e l s

tetrodotoxin

Why don’t the puffer fish die from their

own toxin?

N E U R O D E G E N E R A T I O N

-sectetase: non-pathologic protein

and secretase: A plaque forming protein

N E U R O L O G I C A L S U R G E R Y

T H E N E U R O M U S C U L A R J U N C T I O N

botox structure and mechanism of action

Can antisera help an active infection?

JACK KEVORKIAN DR. DEATH

“When society reaches the age of enlightenment, then they’ll call me Dr. Life”

Narcotic plus a lethal dose of KCl

Assisted 130 people over 10 years to kill themselves

P o t a s s i u m a n d M e m b r a n e P u m p s

NERNST EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL

i

oion ion

ionln

Fz

TRE

i

o10ion ion

ionlog

z

58E

mM140

mM4

K

K

i

0

mV90EK

IV 100 mg/Kg is a lethal dose

DEATH BY DEPOLARIZATION

P o t a s s i u m a n d M e m b r a n e P u m p s

T H E A U T O N O M I C N E R V O U S S Y S T E M

T H E A U T O N O M I C N E R V O U S S Y S T E M