s. k. shahi secretary, iwai
DESCRIPTION
Coal Transportation by Inland Waterways. S. K. Shahi Secretary, IWAI. New Delhi, 10.07.2012. IWT in the past. IWT was important mode in the past In 19 th century steamers were plying from Kolkata up to Garhmukteshwar and Dibrugarh in the Ganga & Brahmaputra respectively - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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S. K. ShahiSecretary, IWAI
Coal Transportation by Inland Waterways
New Delhi, 10.07.2012
IWT was important mode in the past•In 19th century steamers were plying from Kolkata up to Garhmukteshwar and Dibrugarh in the Ganga & Brahmaputra respectively•Development of Railways & Roads gave IWT a setback•In 1970s, IWT for NER revived with IWT&T Protocol between India & Bangladesh •In 1980s and 1990s, CIWTC used to ply vessels from Kolkata to Guwahati and Karimganj routes•Transported over 4 lakh tonne cargo in 1989-90, now engaged only in lighterage movement
IWT in the past
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3
150500
4000
0500
1000150020002500300035004000
Road Rail IWT
Fuel efficiency: One HP moves
Kgs
Road
Rail
IWT
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85 105
04080
120
Road Rail IWT
One liter of fuel moves(T-km)
Road
Rail
IWT
5.2
2.51
0246
Road Rail IWT
Operating cost (international level)Cents /T km
Road
Rail
IWT
IWT - Advantages
Best suited for bulk cargo (coal, minerals, food-grains, fertilizers, cement, flyash etc), ODC and hazardous goods
Provides seaport - hinterland connectivityLess development & maintenance cost
compared to Railways and RoadsAll weather mode of transport Can supplement Roads and Railways Strategic importance for North Eastern Region
IWT – Advantages contd…
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Other advantages of IWT mode
• Safest mode For each IWT fatality, there are 22.7 fatalities related to Rail and 155 in r/o Roads
•Reduction of trucks from roads (decongestion) One 1000 tonne barge = 100 trucks
•Corridor capacity While Road & Rail are stretched to limits, waterways in
India have huge unutilised capacity
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Other advantages of IWT mode
• Most environment friendly
•Minimal land acquisition
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Tons of CO2 per Million Ton
-miles
Coal is the largest commodity by volume moving on waterways –USA’s thermal power plants use waterways for > 20 % of coal
–Germany: 45%
–China: 17%
–India: practically nil7
United States 29%
Russia 20%China
14%
Australia 10%
India 8%
Germany 5%
Kazakhstan 4%
Ukraine 4%
South Africa 4%
Serbia 2%
World's coal reserves
Inland waterways & Coal transportation …….global scenario
Installed Capacity –Fuel wise
Gas10%
Nuclear3%
Renewable10%
Hydro 20% Coal
54%
Diesel1%
Generation Installed Capacity (as on 31.12.2011) : 187 GW
Year Installed Capacity [GW]
2007 124
By 2012 190
By 2017 290
By 2022 425
By 2027 575
By 2032 800
Power Sector Overview
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Coal: demand - supply gap• Power generation
capacity: a critical requirement
• Coal: the main source of energy
• Current coal demand: 696 MMT
• May become 1000 MMT by 2017
• Estimated coal to be imported : 137 MMT
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• Shortage of domestic coal
• Growth of installed capacity > production of domestic coal; making import of coal inevitable
• MoP has been directing generating companies for import of coal
• CEA has also issued advisory for designing new boilers suitable for blending ratio of 30:70 (imported: domestic coal) or higher
Hence, imported coal will play a key role in generating thermal power
Need for import of thermal coal
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Hence, overdependence on railways needs to be reduced: road is out of question : IWT a realistic supplementary option, especially for imported coal
Coal transportation bottlenecks
• Railway Congestion• Shortage of rakes• Shortage of bottom opening wagons Railway network has its own limitations in terms of
zonal capacities, inter-zone re-deployment of rakes, etc.
• Port congestion• Low draft at some ports like Haldia
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• 14,500 km of potential waterways
• Role of IWAI: Develop infrastructure and regulate movement on NWs
• 3 NWs developed • Two more NW (4 & 5)
declared in 2008• One more NW
declaration in process• Other waterways to be
developed by States
Waterways of India
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INDO – BANGLADESH PROTOCOL
ROUTES
JHA
RK
HA
ND
B A N G L A D E S H
BIHAR
WEST BENGAL
A S S A M
M E G H A L A Y A
MANIPUR
MIZORAM
TRIPURA
HALDIA
KOLKATA
NW
-1
DHUBRIPANDU
TEJPURSILGHAT
JOGIGHOPA
SHISHUMARA
DHULIAN
KARIMGANJ
RAJSHAHI
NARAYANGANJ
DHAKA
Brahmaputra R.
Barak
LAKHIPUR
Bay of Bengal
I N D I A
31
31C
DISPUR
40 51
SHILLONG
54
AIZWALAGARTALA
36
37 37
44
53
Jamuna R
.
Ganga R.M
eghn
a R
.`
Kusiyara R.
Surma R.
Meghna R.
Sunderbans
Hoo
ghly
R.
NW-2
BAGHABARI
Baral R.
CHILMARI
BAHADURABAD
SIRAJGANJ
ZAKIGANJ
FENCHUGANJSHERPUR
MARKULI
AJMIRIGANJ
BHAIRAB BAZAR
CHANDPUR
BARISAL
KAUKHALI
MONGLA
KHULNA
CHALNA
NAMKHANA
Raimangal R
.
GODAGARI
ARICHA
ASHUGANJ
Ganga R.
Bh
agirath
i R.
ORISSA
Padma R.
Myanmar (Burma)
IMPHAL
KOHIMA
NAGALAND
53
34
35
2
6
41
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Legend
Kolkata - Guwahati/Pandu ...... 1535 km
Kolkata - Karimganj...................1318 km
Dhulian-Rajshahi...........................78 km
Protocol route distances
N
BHANGA
AKHAURA
DAIKHAWA
LegendDeclared National waterwayProposed National waterwayProtocol routeRoadRailNH
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ANGTIHARA
SYLHET
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
15
KOTTAPURAM
ALUVA
UDYOGAMANDAL CANAL
KAKKANAD(CSEZ)CHAMPAKKARA CANALKOCHI
MARADU
VAIKOM
CHERTHALATHANNERMUKKOM
LOCK CUM BARRAGE
ALAPPUZHA
THRIKKUNNAPUZHA
KAYAMKULAM
THRIKKUNNAPUZHALOCK GATE
CHAVARA
KOLLAM
47
220
49
17
208
N
Arabian SeaLegend
Waterway alignmentRoadRailImportant places
West Coast Canal(Kottapuram – Kollam)
Champakkara & Udyogamandal canals
National Waterway-3
River distance
Kottapuram - Kollam 168 kmUdyogamandal canal 23 kmChampakkara canal 14 kmTotal length 205 km
K
E
R
A
L
A
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Development cost- Rs 1515 cr (2010prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
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Development cost- Rs 4210 cr (2010 prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
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BhangaBadarpur Silcha
r
Length –121 km Development cost -Rs 120 cr (at 2011
prices) Status: Declaration in process
Proposed National Waterway – 6 : River Barak
Stretch Km
Bhanga - Lakhipur 121
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Inland waterways Advantage
With so many waterways, their non- utilisation for transportation of coal is a great opportunity loss for the country
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• Transportation of imported coal to hinterland TPS ideal for IWT
Haldia to Farakka TPS; a success story in making
• For domestic coal too Coastal Shipping & IWT movement possible for MCL coal Coastal vessel is loaded at
Paradip/Dhamra Port
• Lighterage at Haldia into IWT vessel for supplying coal to TPS on Ganga or Brahmaputra
• Coastal vessel can directly supply coal at Budge Budge & Bandel TPS
• With many thermal power plants located along Ganga and many steel plants near east coast there is tremendous scope for waterways for coal transportation
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THANK YOU
Thermal power plants along NW-1
Allahabad
Haldia
136
8 Barauni
Barh
15
718
19
Bara Karchana
6
911 10 Pirpainti
Buxar
Bhagalpur
Lakhisarai1617
Anapara Obra
NTPC Plants
State Govt Plants
1
3
4
2
Bandel
Budge Budge
Kolaghat
14
Muzaffarpur
12
8
Kahalgaon
5 Farakka
Sagardighi
8 Expansion
Proposed Power Plants
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Installed power: around 15,000 MW
Total coal requirement: around 75 MMTPA Imported coal: around 15 MMTPA
Coal transportation by inland waterways from Bay of Bengal to Farakka TPS: a success story in making
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• NTPC’s TPS at Farakka & Kahalgaon face acute shortage of coal
• They require 3-4 MMT of imported coal
• But due to several reasons, transportation of this coal has been a difficult and costly proposition for NTPC
Draft constraint at Haldia: Available draft-7.0 m High waiting time at Paradip port Limited rake availability for transportation from port High Logistics cost leads to high delivered cost of coal Handling/ transition losses Delayed delivery leading to additional losses
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After sustained persuasion by IWAI, NTPC gave commitment for transportation of 3 MMTPA imported coal by IWT for these plants for 7 years
IWAI & NTPC developed a project with entire funding by private sector
Project comprises of: Transhipment equipment at sea; about 40 barges; a terminal at Farakka; and coal conveyors from terminal to coal stack yard at Farakka
Approximate cost: Rs 650 crore By open tendering Jindal ITF identified as L1 bidder Tripartite agreement signed among IWAI, NTPC &
Jindal ITF on 11.8.11 Supply of coal to start in December, 2012 This could be a path breaking project for IWT in India
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Support provided by IWAI/NTPC
• Guaranteed cargo by NTPC- 3 MMTPA for 7 years
• Assurance from IWAI to provide LAD OF 2.5 Mts. between Haldia- Farakka for at least 330 days in a year– Suitable for 1500 T – 2000 T barges
• Vertical clearance of 10 Mts.
• Assured night navigation facility
• Connectivity through DGPS stations
• Facilitation of transfer of land at Farakka for terminal
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Current Status of Coal Transportation Project
• M/s JITF finalized the contract for transshiper in March, 2012.
• Trial run of barges undertaken successfully.• Orders place for barges at different
shipyards.• Work for construction of Jetty at Farakka
commenced. • Movement to start by December, 2012.
JITF PROPOSED SOLUTIONTransshipper at high sea
Destination
Barges on NW-1
: Jetty with grab unloaders at destination28
Logistics Solution for Coal Transportation on Haldia - Farakka stretch
NTPC Plant, Farakka
Conveyer Belt
Vessel types Vessel types
Tug and Dumb Barge
Estuarine Ship
Pushboat and Dumb Barges
River Barge
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Conclusion • IWAI is geared to provide assured navigation channel with
night navigation aids in three operational NWs • With 10-11 TPS already in the vicinity of NW-1 and 10 more
coming up; it will be unfortunate if we still do not use IWT for coal transportation thereon
• Railways can simply not meet this demand- if waterways are not used, power generation will suffer- there is no other way
• Haldia- Farakka coal transportation project can therefore be a trailblazer
• Key to this project was long term cargo assurance by NTPC• Success of this project is being keenly awaited
With long term cargo commitment from shippers; and assured waterway from IWAI; private sector will come forward to invest in vessels and even infrastructure on case to case basis
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Thank you
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