s k e l e t a l s y s t e m
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Skeletal systemis the frame work of the body and provides support and protection.
Skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living
organisms.
The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.
Functions:• providing shape.
• Supporting framework. •Protection to delicate and vital
organs. •Presence of joints for functioning
as lever. •Mineral storage.
•Attachment of muscles. •Making body an integrated unit.
The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.
BONEThere are types of bones: Compact bone,
Spongy bone, long bones (like those in the arms and legs), short bones (like
those found in the ankles and wrists), flat bones (like ribs and those in the skull),
and irregular bones (like the vertebrae in the spine).
Types of bone Compact bone - Compact bone is dense and hard,
especially the outer layer of the bone.
Spongy bone - Made up of a lattice work of bone, the spaces are filled with red
marrow which produce blood cells.
Classification of bones by shape
Long bones. Long bones are longer than they are wide. They are found in
the arms and legs.
Short bones. Short bones are shaped like cubes and are found primarily in the wrist and ankles. Flat bones. Flat bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull. Irregular bones. Irregular bones are different shaped and are not classified as long, short, or flat. They include the hip bones, vertebrae, and various bones in the skull.
LIGAMENTS Ligaments are bands of tough, fibrous material
that are used to connect bones to create joints.
TENDONS
Tendons are similar in structure to ligaments but are
used to connect muscles to bones. A joint strain occurs when a tendon is damaged.
JOINTSJoints are formed at any point
where two bones connect. Joints can be movable, like ankles and knees, or they can be fixed like
the joints in the skull.
CARTILAGE-- Tough connective tissue covering the ends of the
bone. The cartilage reduce friction and acts as a shock
absorber.-- Supporting skeleton
PROCESS:When a long bone first starts to develop, It is
formed of cartilage which is hardened into bone by a process of OSSIFICATION.
Sternum or breast-bone: it is a flat, narrow but about 15 cm long dagger-like bone present in the
middle front part.
Pelvic girdle: it is a trough like bony structure formed by union of
two similar halves or hip bones with themselves anterior and with
the sacrum posteriorly. Each innominate is formed by union of
3 bones – ischium, pubis and ilium.
Additional informations:
A baby has 300 bones at birth. As they grow older
the small bones grow together until finally, as an
adult, there are 206.
Major bone disorders:
- Osteoporosis- Paget's Disease
The most common disease after osteoporosis is a progressive
increase in bone loss in a body area, such as a hip, called Paget's disease.
- Arthritis
Male vs. female
- a man’s skeleton is larger- in a female, the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are usually
much wider
MEMBERS:
Jave Mark padolinaLara Isabel Tan
Jay PizarrasDave Ian Apay