# SOCIETE DES NATIONS. j « 2 S f ^ L E A G U E OF NATIONS.

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RUSSIAN IÎEFUGEES Document No. I Dossier No.

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SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS. U f â f t LEAGUE OF NATIONS,

Clnsgemont.r e g is t r y .

1 RUSSIAN REFUGEES.45°.'

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HlSsKRVÉ AU ItKOlSTUY.

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rSUR L'ititilOlUTION'.

r feia con fé re n ce a eu l l o u o u t r e l e e r e p rése n ta i ! te

du Gouvernement p o lo n a is e t l e a r e p r é s e n t a n t s du Gouveruomen"

am crica lrm . .. p, lottne à Varsovie a u au j e t du c o n t in g e n t

d 'émlRTfinta P o lo n a is qu i s o ra admis à e n t r e r aux E t a t s Unis

J i . t re lu l o r J u i l l e t 1922 e t l e 1 e r j u i l l e t 1923.

D 'a p rès fine a u t r e sou rce un-; déc i i i ion r é c e n t .j des

.u t e r i to u Am érica ines s t i p u L . quv Los i . .i r . i . t s

on a n t de c e r t a i n s Q i s t r i c t s p o l o n a i s a d j a c e n t s à la

R u s s i e do iv en t ê t r e de: . l o u é s du cc- .t i i. - -c t . t l im l* .i..t

i 'immigî î t i o n u n a t i o n

Los a 01.v : uut i .

p r lno l p l e m e n t u u r 1 . u. i t >urerhemerit p o l o n a i s

:a c o n t i n g e n t s l i m i t a n t

i .L ss lD l e aux t a t s Un i s . 1)

r MR DICKINSON

The Immigration Act now in £6rce in tlie United

States limits the number of aliens of any nationality who

may be admitted to the United States in any fiscal year to

3$ of the number of foreign-born persons of such nationality

resident in the United States as determined by the census

of 1910. The nationality is determined by country of birth

and it is specified that in case of changes in political

boundaries occurring subsequent to 1910, resulting either

in the creation of new countries, which are recognised by the

United States,or in a transfer of territory recognised by the

United States, an estimate is made of the number of persons

resident in the United States in 1910 who were born within

the area included in such new countries or in such territoryIs Afcv-wt-A.

so transferred, and w v i iw d the population basis (-accordingly.

The Russian)could, therefore, in no case be

considered in the quota of any other country but Russia

itself, such as Poland, for example, even if the quota

for that country were not exhausted. In fact, however,

on 20 April 1922 the quota for the fiscal year ending

30 June 1922 was already exhausted for Poland. There was,

however, a balance of aliens admissible during the same period

from Finland (1,481) and from Russia (12,227). Quotas fcr

the whole year for these two countries were Finland 2^90,

Russia 34,247, of which 778 and 6,849 respectively, might

be admitted in any single month. Finland ai.d Russia

( inducing Siberia) are the only two parts of tka pre-war

Russia separately recognised for the purpose of the Act.

Certain difficulties might be met with in the

case of Rus8ia>,£oing to the United States, under t he Act

of 1917 which is still in fortfe. There are somewhat

stringent health conditions. Anarchists and persons

1

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holding similar views are excluded and persons likely

to become a public charge are also excluded. Moreover,

"persons whose tickets or passage ie paid for with the

money of another, or who are assisted by others to come,

unless it is affirmatively anci satisfactorily shown that

such persons do not belong to one of the foregoing

excluded classes; persons whose ticket or passage is

paid for by any corporation, association, society,

municipality, or foreign Government, either directly or

indirectlyV" f In addition, the regulations lay do-sn

that an alien entering the United States must have

sufficient money to provide for reasonable wants and those

of accompanying persons dependent upon them, until such

time as they are likely to find employment. Finally,

it is necessary to have a passport viséd by a United

States Consul.

01? ch a n g e s In p o l i t i c a l b o u n d a r i e s In f o r e i g n co n t r i e s

o c c u r i n g s u b s e q u e n t t o 1910 and r e s u l t i n g (1 ) In th e

c r e a t i o n oi' nev; o o u n t r l e s , th e G overnments o f which

a r e r e c o g n i s e d by th e U n i te d S t a t e s , o r f Z ) in the

t r a n s i ' e r o f t e r r i t o r y from one c o u n t r y to a i o t h e r , such

t r a n s f e r b e i n g r e c o g n i z e d by t h e Uni to d S t a t e s , au ch

o f f i c i a l s , j o i n t l y , s f r a l l e s t i m a t e t h e number o f p e r s o n s

r e s i d e n t i n th e U n i te d S t a t e s i n 1910 who w ere born w i t h i n

t h e a r e a i n c lu d e d i n such new c o u n t r i e s o r In such t e r r i ­

t o r y so t r a n s f e r r e d , ana r e v i s e th e p o p u l a t i o n o a s i s a s to

e a c h c o u n t r y i i -vdved i n such change o f p o l i t i c a l b ounda ry .

For t h e p u rp o s e o f s u c h r e v i s i o n anu f o r t h e pu re ..ses of

t h i s A c t g e n e r a l l y a l i e n s oorn in t h e a r e a in o lutied in

any such now c o u n t r y s h a l l be c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g been

born i n such c o u n t r y , and a l i e n s b o m i n at y t e r r i t o r y

so t r a n s f e r r e d s h a l l be c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g been born in

th e c o u n t r y to w h ich such t e r r i t o r y was t r a n s f e r r e u .

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COMMENTAIRES. MINUTES. (Page 2).

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1 JCii ** )ÂU~l ' yk. ï. *v

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L .

*

En o s q u i oo n o em é l e a deux demandes de M. BJK1® • J e

o r o i a p o u v o i r a t t i r e r v o t r e a t t e n t i o n gar l e s p o i n t s s u iv a n t s .

l o ) M. HOOVSK p o u r r a i t - i l o b t e n i r que l a r è g l e m e n ta t i o n

des E ta t s - U n i s au s u j e t de l 'im m igra t ion s o i t q u e lq u e p e u r e ­

l â c h é e ?

A oe s u j e t , j e f e r a i s rem arquer que d 'u n e manière généra le

l ' a p p l i c a t i o n d e s l o i s s u r l 'immigrat ion aux E ta t s - U n is e s t

a s s e z s t r i o t e e t q u ' i l ne p e u t y ê t r e dérogé que p a r des l o i s

ou d e s r é s o l u t i o n s c o n j o i n t e s des deux Chambres. I l n ' e s t d'

a i l l e u r s p a s e x o lu q u 'u n e r é s o l u t i o n de oe gen re p u i s s e e t r e

p r i s e e t e n f a i t dans o e a d e r n i e r s temps q u e lq u e s d é c is io n s

ont é t é a d o p t é e a , mais p o u r a u t a n t que j e p u i s s e en ju g er de

l o i n , i l me sem ble peu p ro b a b le que l e P a r le m e n t des E t a t s -

Unis p re n n e des m esures s p é c i a l e s en f a v e u r de R u sses , t o u ­

j o u r s un p e u s u s p e c ta de s ' ê t r e a s s i m i l é s des i d é e s b o lohév is -

2o) P o u r r a i t - o n r e p o r t e r à l ' a n n é e p r o c h a in e ( J u i l l e t

1982 à j u i l l e t 1923) une p a r Lie de l a b a la n c e non épu isée de

R u sse s?

l o i l a r é p o n se me p a r a i t ê t r e in d i s c u t a b l e m e n t non. l a

l o i a c t u e l l e m e n t en v ig u e u r n ' a v a i t é t é co nçue que pour un an

e t i l n ' y e s t évidemment p a s q u e s t i o n d<l r e p o r t . Dans l e s B i l l s

v o t é s en de a t e x t e a d i f f é r e n t s p a r l e s deux Chambres de a E ta t s -

Un is e t sur l e a q u e l a 1 ' ac co rd ne a ' e s t p a a e n c o r e f a i t j e c ro i s ,

j e n ' a i vu aucun amendement qu i permetGoe r e p o r t . I l f a u d r a i t

donc i c i a u s s i une l o i ou une r é s o l u t i o n c o n jo in t e des Chambres

Toute a o e a que a t i o n s ne r e g a r d e n t d ' a i l l e u r a paa s t r i o t e -

ment l a l é g i s l a t i o n , m ais p l u t ô t l ' a p p l i o a t i o n de a l o i s qui ap­

pend de l ' a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a m é r i c a in e pour ch aque c a s p a r t ic u l ie r .

Comme M i n i s t r e , m. HOOVER p o u r r a i t sans d o u te o b t e n i r un exa­

men p a r t i c u l i è r e m e n t f a v o r a b le d e s o a a i n d i v id u e l s .

ci J a n Jru-, < ûv

r-,le B/JP1/6/22

ÜWITEB STATES .

Mr.GEEENWOOD, the Washington correspondanttu,

of|International labour Office states in his report

of April 80th. to May 5th. 1922/(thete is ft shortage

of workers in the steel mills and factories in the

Calumet region of Indiana. The shortage is ascribed

to the fact that many foreigners have returned to their

home lands or have moved to other regions during the

depression, and also to the minimum wage scale of

28 cents an hour.

Acute shortage of semi-skilled laborers

for rolling mills in Yougstown Ohio, district is reported.

The american Legion employment bureeLu in Baltimore

has registered more vacancies than applicants for work.

L

RUSSIAN REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES

The most helpful suggestion I can make about

Russian Refugees in America is this:-

That instead of making any vague, general theoretical

proposition to the American authorities, the League states

specifically and directly exactly what it is that it wants,

that is, the number of people, their present locations,

their character, their method of shipment to America,

their available money, etc., with a specific enumeration

of what the American Government might do on its part, i.e.,

relaxation of immigration restrictions, provision of em­

ployment etc. This would follow the very admirable

precedent set by the A.R.A., ijl offering 100,000 dollars

for 15,000 refugees in Constantinople on condition that

the League raised 30,000 pounds.

If it is desired to make any such proposal unofficially,

we could do it either through Greenwood, the I.L.O. man at

V/ashington who is very close to the American Immigration

authorities, or direct through the A.R.A. who might find

it more effective to care for these refugees in America,

than in Constantinople.

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June 6th, 1922,

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Geneva, June IO th 1928.

A6/2072*/£0724.«.

T e a r Mr. B u t le r ,

W ith re fe re n c e t o our re o e n t c o n v e rs a t io n re g a rd in g

th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f s e c u r in g employment f o r R uss ian

aefuece» I n th e U n ite » e ta te e , I b -e t o «no looe h e re w ith ,

t o r yO JT In fo r m a t io n , oopjr o i a m inu te on the e u b je o t h j

a r . 3 « e n t ie r o l ou r In fo rm a t io n e o t lo n , »ho le « e l l ln lo r m e l

on American q u e s t io n s .

You w i l l see t h a t M r. ;<weetser endorses you r v iew

th a t the b e s t way t o app roach the s u b je c t I s th ro u g h

. j r . Greenwood, w i th whom you v e ry k i n d l y p rom ised to

o ommunloat e on the rofcjtifiht*

Yours v e r y t r u l y .

B fe c re ta ry t o H igh Jommleolonor f o r .vuselan Sefugees.

■j t , b u tu ;b ,I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour o i f l o e .

r - i ^RUSSIAN REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES

The most helpful suggestion I can make about

Russian Refugees in America is this:-

That instead of making any vague, general theoretical

proposition to the American authorities, the League states

specifically and directly exactly what it is that it wants,

that is, the number of people, their present locations,

their character, their method of shipment to America,

their available money, etc., with a specific enumeration

of what the American Government might do on its part, i.e.,

relaxation of immigration restrictions, provision of em­

ployment etc. This would follow the very admirable

precedent set by the A.R.A., ifl offering 100,000 dollars

for 15,000 refugees in Constantinople on condition that

the League raised 30,000 pounds,

If it is desired to make any such proposal unofficially,

we could do it either through Greenwood, the I.L.O. man at

Washington who is very close to the American Immigration

authorities, or direct through the A.R.A. who might find

it more effective to care for these refugees in America,

than in Constantinople.

A s-

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Genera, June IO th 1922,

46/80784/80724,.

\D ear Mr. B u t le r ,

W ith re fe re n o e t o our re o e n t o o n re ro a t lo n re g a rd in g

th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a e o u r ln g employment f o r R uss ian

Refugees I n the U n ite f t a t e s , I beg to eno looe h e re w i th ,

t o r yo i r In fo r m a t io n , oopy o f a m inu te on th e a u b je o t by

H r . "w ev tee r o f ou r I n lo rm a t lo n e o t lo n , who la w e l l In fo rm ed

on American q u e s t io n s .

You w i l l ese th a t ."jr. S w eeteer endorsee y o u r v iew

th a t the b e s t way to approaoh the a u b je o t lo th ro u g h

J r . Greenwood, w i th whom you rery k in d l y prom ised to

o ommun lo a t e on the wa&jÆ5*1.

Yours r e r j i t r u l y ,

e t 'e o re ta ry t o n ig h Jommleoloner f o r ...ueelan ie fu g e e s .

>J r . BUTIKB,In t e r n a t i o n a l Labour J l f l o e .

Extrait du Journal:

Date:

/ 6 ÉTATS UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE

Dans sa séancc du 2 mni, la Chambre dos Représcn- ants a adopté le rapport de la commission interparlemen- aire, prolongeant de deux ans, A partir du 30 juin 1*122, u durée d'application de la loi restreignant le nombre des mmigrants ft admettre aux F.tats-Unis ft 3 % du nombre les originaires de chacune des nationalités fixés dans le

Los organisations qui s’occupent des réfugiés russes se ;ont émues de ces mesures de prohibition. Dans une séance rju'il a tenue ft Genève, le Comité consullatlf institué au­près du Dr Nansen, Haut-commissaire pour l ’rouvre de se- ’ours russe après de la Société des Nations, a voté la mo­tion suivante, sur la proposition de M. Lucien Wolf, délé­gué des associations juives :

" J-6 Comité consultatif, représentant des principales organisations de secours aux réfugiés russes, réuni sous la présidence du Haut-commissaire près la Société des Na­tions. a pris connaissance avec un profond regret du peu de succès de ses efforts en vue de faciliter ft un grand nombre de réfuciés russes l’émimtion dans les pays trnn=noénniens. i.c Comité fait annel ft l’opinion publique de C"s pavs et lui demande son nnpui pour résoudre le problème des réfu­gies russes, qui sont ft charge ft Plïnrone. néjft ]ns nnvs européens ont consenti en leur faveur de lourds sacrifices. Rien nue s»rn°ur>lés et souffrent du elirtmaee, île; nnl réussi ft placer mielijui's enntaines de milliers de réfugiés et ils ont pourvu A l'entretien de masses considérables de malheu­reux qui se trouvent notneiment dans les contrées limitro- ni.es d» la Russie. Nous demandons instamment aux grands n.'>vs d’immigration de pnrll-iper ft ces charrr-s en -Iténnant n ri""fur '*l,s lois en cours. l'n -rrand nembr» de réfugiés

pourraient trouver asile dans In-irs (oratoires : d«s né"o- en^n'es Permettraient de les ' conditions

i. 11 !l'!:ssc*mcnt des immigrants. »

' L e t t e r fromE r h e s t Greeenwood

America c o r re s p o n d e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour O f f i c e

WASHINGTON

to Mr. H.B. B u t l e r , Deputy D i r e c t o r , INTERHATI0 UAL LABOUR .OFFICE,Geneva, S w i tz e r la n d .

Dear B u t l e r ,

With f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e to y o u r l e t t e r r / 202/ 3/ c / H

re g a r d in g R u ss ia n re fu g e e s i n Europe and t h e q u e s t io n of

a s s i s t i n g a c e r t a i n number o f them to e n t e r t h e U n i te d S t a t e s ,

I beg to a d v i s e t h a t s i n c e my r e p o r t t o you o f J u n e 1 6 t h , I

h ave had a co n f e re n c e w ith Congressman S idny Anderson o f Minnea-

c o t a , Chairman o f t h e J o i n t C o n g re s s io n a l Committee to I n v e s t ig a ­

t e t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l S i t u a t i o n .

him t h e s i t u a t i o n i n Europe w i th re g a rd to t h e s e r e fu g e e s , and

s t a t i n g t h a t i t was a m a t t e r i n which I was p e r s o n a l l y i n t e r e s ­

t e d owing to my knowledge o f t h e e f f o r t s t h a t h ave been made

by t h e a l r e a d y - o v e rb u r d e n e d c o u n t r i e s o f Europe to c a r e f o r

t h e s e r e f u g e e s , and t h e a s s u r a n c e s which had been g iv e n me by

t h e Com missioner-G enera l o f Im m ig ra t io n t h a t they were a

d e s i r a b l e c l a s s o f im m ig ra n ts . I a l s o d e s c r ib e d to him i n some

d e t a i l my d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e s u b j e c t w i th Commissioner-Genera l

Husband and th e o b s t a c l e s t o b r in g i n g any c o n s id e r a b l e number

t o t h e U n i te d S t a t e s s e t up by th e v a r io u s e x c lu s io n c la u s e s

i n ou r Im m ig ra t io n Law.

t h e s e d i f f i c u l t i e s d i d n o t p r o v id e t h e c h i e f o b s t a c l e to your

p r o j e c t . The g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y now seems to b e t h e d i s p o s i t i o n

o f any c o n s i d e r a b l e number o f t h e s e R u s s ia n re fu g e e s once they

had e n t e r e d t h e U n i ted S t a t e s . Accord ing t o L r . Anderson ,

a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h i s c o u n t r y i s i n r a t h e r a bad way a t th e

p r e s e n t moment. While t h e p r i c e s o f a g r i c u l t u r a l p ro d u c ts to

I c a l l e d upon H r . Anderson i n f o r m a l l y , e x p la in in g to

Mr. Anderson was im m edia te ly o f t h e o p in io n t h a t

t h e c o n s u m e r a r e s t i l l v e r y h i g h , t h e s e p r i c e s a r e n o t d u e to

t h e p r i c e s r e c e i v e d by t h e f a r m e r b u t r a t h e r t o a b n o r m a l c o s t s

o f d i s t r i b u t i o n . The p u r c h a s i n g p o w e r o f t h e f a r m e r h a s b e e n

r e d u c e d t o s u c h a p o i n t t h a t some m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f a g r i c u l ­

t u r a l i m p l e m e n t s h a v e r e d u c e d t h e i r p r o d u c t i o n t o b e tw e e n 25 /«

a n d b0% o f t h e n o r m a l . The f a r m e r h a s r e d u c e d h i s p r o d u c t i o n .

A c c o r d i n g t o Id r . A n d e r s o n , t h e r e i s no demand f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l

l a b o r o f a n y k i n d a t t h i s t i m e . E v e n t h e demand f o r s e a s o n a l

l a b o r , s u c h a s t h a t r e q u i r e d i n t h e h a r v e s t t i m e , i s b e i n g

l a r g e l y t a k i n g c a r e o f b y c o o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n f a r m e r s i n t h e

l a r g e a g r i c u l t u r a l d i s t r i c t s .

A-r. A n d e r s o n c a l l e d ny a t t e n t i o n t o t h e f a c t t h a t

t h e s e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s c o u l d n o t b e e x p e c t e d t o know a n y t h i n g

a b o u t A m e r i c a n m e t h o d s o f f a r m i n g . He c a l l e d p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n

t o t h e f a c t t h a t m o s t o f o u r f a r m i n g i s d o n e b y m a c h i n e r y , and

t h a t t h e f a r m l a b o r e r o f t o d a y m u s t b e s o m e t h i n g o f a m e c h a n ic .

He t e l l s me t h a t , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f some s m a l l p o r t i o n o f*

t h e s u g a r - b e e t i n d u s t r y , e v e n w e e d in g i s do n e b y m a c h i n e r y . He

seem ed t o f e e l t h a t i t w i l l b e i m p o s s i b l e t o p l a c e any number

o f t h e s e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s on A m e r i c a n f a r m s . As h e p u t i t , th e y

h a v e no k n o w l e d g e and now o n l y p r i m i t i v e m e t h o d s o f a g r i c u l t u r e ,

a n d t h e y a v e r a g e A m e r i c a f e r m e r w o u ld n o t b o t h e r w i t h th em even

t h o u g h h e c o u l d g e t them f o r a v e r y s m a l l w age . He m e n t io n e d th e

f a c t t h a t t h e r e a r e a c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b er o f R u s s i a n employed i n

a g r i c u l t u r e i n N o r t h D a k o t a , b u t t h a t N o r t h D a k o t a h a s had t h r e e

o r f o u r s u c c e s s i v e o r o p f a i l u r e s a n d t h e f a r m e r s i n t h a t S t a t e

a r e i n no p o s i t i o n t o t a k e o n a n y a d d i t i o n a l l a b o r . T h e r e f o r i t

w o u ld seem t h a t i f H r . A n d e r s o n i s c o r r e c t ( a n d t h e r e i g no rea so n

why h e s h o u l d r .o t b e c o r r e c t a s h e h a s b e e n m a k in g a p e r s o n a l

s t u d y o f o u r a g r i c u l t u r a l s i t u a t i o n f o r m o n t h s ) , t h e r e would be

g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y i n s e c u r i n g a n y s p e c i a l l e g i s l a t i o n t o adm i t

an y c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r o f r e f u g e e s f o r t h e r e a s o n t h a t i t would

b e i m p o s s i b l e t o f i n d any em p lo y m en t f o r th e m e x c e p t a s comjion

l a b o r e r s i n i n d u s t r i a l c e n t e r s .

I a l s o h a v e l a i d t h i s m a t t e r b e f o r e S e c r e t a r y o f

Commerce H o o v e r , u n o f f i c i a l l y . I h a v e r e c e i v e d f r o m h i m t h i s

m o r n i n g a l e t t e r w r i t t e n a s f o l l o w s :

l ly d e a r H r . G re e n w o o d : ,I t h a n k y o u f o r y o u r l e t t e r o f J u n e 1 6 t h , e n c l o s i t,

c o p y o f a l e t t e r c o n c e r n i n g R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s .T h i s i s a n i n t e r e s t i n g p r o b l e m , b u t I a g r e e w i t n

y o u t h a t i t i s w h o l l y a m a t t e r f o r l e g i s l a t i o n a n d I ao n o t b e l i e v e any a c t i o n c a n b e t a k e n e x c e p t a l o n g t h a t

Y o u r s f a i t h f u l l y ,

(evcd) H e r b e r t H o o v e r .

So y o u w i l l s e e f r o m t h i s t h a t h e b e l i e v e s t h e o n l y way a n y t h i n g

c a n b e a c c o m p l i s h e d i s b y s p e c i a l l e g i s l a t i o n .

( S g d , ) E r n e s t G reenw ood

D i r e c t o r ,

W a s h i n g t o n O f f i c e .

L e t t e r from E r n e s t Greenwood

American co r re sp o n d e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l La bour O f f i c e

V/ASKIHGTOM..

to H r . H.B. B u t l e r , Deputy D i r e c t o r , INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE,Geneva, S w i tz e r la n d .

Dear B u t l e r ,

Your l e t t e r o f J u n e 1 6 th , r / Z 0 z/ z /C c o n t in u in g your

p r e v i o u s l e t t e r on t h e s u b j e c t o f R u ss ia n r e f u g e e s , throws new

l i g h t on t h i s s u b j e c t . F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y

t h a t t h e 1800 men who c o n s t i t u e d t h e T e c h n ic a l Coips o f Wrangle a

army m ight b e p l a c e d i n t h e au to m o b ile i n d u s t r y . I w i l l t a k e t h i s

m a t t e r up in f o r m a l ly w i th t h e N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber of

a l r e a d y t a k e n t h i s m a t t e r up w ith S e c r e t a r y Hoover a l th o u g h I

have n o t t a l k e d w i th him ab o u t i t . I ex p e c t t o s ee him, however,

w i t h i n t h e n ex t few days on o t h e r m a t t e r s , and i f h e t h in k s i t

a d v i s a b l e I w i l l go t o Mew y o rk and d i s c u s s i t w i th t h e American

R e l i e f A d m in i s t r a t i o n o f f i c i a l s t h e r e . I f I co u ld e n l i s t t h e i r

c o - o p e r a t io n by c a l l i n g t h e t r a t t e n t i o n to t h e p o i n t you make

i n y our l a s t l e t t e r , they co u ld undoub téd ly b e ve ry h e l p f u l in

a s o lv in g t h e q u e s t i o n o f f i n d i n g employment .

fo l l o w in g t h i s m a t t e r a c t i v e l y , and a t t h e same t ime q u i * l y ,

and do e v e ry th in g in my power to s o lv e t h e p rob le sm s in v o lv e d .

Commerce,

As you w i l l n o te from my l e t t e r o f y e s t e r d a y , I have

At t h e moment I can only day to you t h a t I w i l l keep

C o r d i a l l y y o u r s ,

( Sgd .) E r n e s t Greenwood

W ashington O f f ic e ,

4 6 / 2 0 7 24/X

0 3 H 3 V A.

7 t h J u l y , 1 9 2 2 .

Dear Mr. B u t l e r ,

fe wore v o r y i n t e r e s t s ! in d e e d i n th e two

co p y l o t t e r a from M r. J r e e m o o » w i t h r e f e r e n c e to

th e employment o f Rugni&n r e f u g e e s i n the U n i te d

S t a t e s which yon were ao rood no t o send to u a .

The s u g g e s t i o n h e make a t h a t t h e r • i a 8

p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t the 1800 men who o o n a t i t u t e the

t e o h n i o a l c o r p s o f r a n c r e l ' s / rmy might b e p la c e d

i n the an tom ob i le i n d u s t r y i a en e x o e e d i n d y i n ­

t e r e s t i n g on e , aa i f t h i e orge ni n a t i o n c o u ld be

t r a n s f e r r e d to America i t would p r o b a b ly b e th e

b e a t s o l u t i o n o f tho . i f f i c u l t y D r . Nanaen e x p e r ­

i e n c e s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i th u n d e r t a k in g the p l a c i n g

o f r e f u g e e s w ho -r e u noer ,'range 1 ' a a u t h o r i t y .

Aa you n r o b a b ly know Dr. Ncnaen haa been

o f f e r e d e c e r t a i n r r a n t p e r head b y O e m r a l r o n g e l

i n r e s p e c t o f t h o s e 1600 r e f u g e e s so t h a t i f th e y

co u ld be s e n t t o the U n i te d 3 t a t e a th e money i n

q u e s t i o n w o u ld come i n e x c e e d i n g l y u s e f u l f o t the

e v a c u a t i o n o f the r e f u g e e s from C o n s t a n t i n o p l e .

The som o f f e r e d would i n f a c t e n a b le D r . Nensvn to

ta k e ad van tage o f nn o f f e r t o e v a c u a t e a b o u t 1000

a i h e r l a n s t o V la d i v o a t o o k , w hic h would be a most

a w f u l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o the o o l n t i o n o f t - e C o n s t a n t ­

i n o p l e p ro b lem .

Yours e i n o e r e l y .

H. B . B u t l e r , " . s i . .I n t e r n e t i o n u l Labour O f f i c e . -

I I \ contenta of this document must . .not_bJ-

COiTFIDEKTIi

Ver,.. Deputy Pi recto: ^-Labour Office nerland.

n This will acknowledge receipt of your letter r/202/3/c/H,

dated June 2nd, enclosing copy of a Resolution which vas adopted

at the last meeting of the Advisory Committee of the High Comis-

sioner for Russian Refugees, and suggesting that I approach Mr.

Husband, the Commissioner-General of Immigration, and find out

unofficially what steps, if any, could be taken to assist a certain

number of these refugees to enter the United States.

I had luncheon with Mr. Husband yesterday, and discussed

this matter with him for nearly four hours. I find that he

knows this class of Russian immigrant very well, having, as he

says, slept with them and eaten with them, in Russia. It is his

opinion that while they are a primitive people, they are in

every way desirable immigrants and make splendid citizens. There

are, however, a number of obstacles in the way of such a project

as you suggest which, for the moment, seem almost insurmountable.

Section 3 of our present Immigration Law, reads as follows:

"That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the United States : *** persons herein­after called contract laborers, who have been induced.assist ed, encouraged, or solicited to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment, whether such offers or promises are true or false, or in consequence of agreements oral, written or printed, express or implied, to perform ’labor in this country of any kind, skilled or unskilled- * * * persons likely to become a public charge; * * *persons whose ticket or passage is paid for by any corporation, asso­ciation, society, municipality, or foreign government ' directly or indirectly." * ^ r

Ther are, of course, many other classes of immigrants

specified in Section 3, but the above quotation contains provi­

sions which directly affect this present situation.

The one provision which causes the greatest difficulty

in this particular instance is the one v/hich excludes persons

whose tickets or passage is paid for by any corporation,

association, society, municipality, or foreign government.

It is quite obvious that the passage of these refugees would

be paid for by some association, foreign government, or by

founds which might be provided by the Commissariat and which

would bring the immigrant within the law. There has been one

case recently where an American llennonite Society brought to

this country seventy Russian lîennonites. To overcome passport

difficulties, this Society first obtained special permission

from the Department of Stat& When they alrived here, it was

found that the Society had paid for their passage. It was

finally arranged that each of the seventy Russian should give

to the Society a note for the amount of the passage money,

and the seventy were admitted temporarily for six months. At

the end of the six months it was found that severy one of

the refugees was well established on farms, some of them had

paid their note in full, and the balance had made substan­

tial payments of them. They were thereupon admitted permanent­

ly. The Commis ioner-Ger.etal, however, is not at all sure in

his own mind that the Department acted in this mutter in stricu

accordance with the law. He is quite sure that such a device

would be absolutely impossible in the case of any considerable

number of refugees, even though there might be some organiza

tion to handle the details, such as the taking of notes and

the keeping track of each individual Immigrant who might have

been admitted temporarily.

We then approached the subject from another angle, the

Commissioner-General recalled that a Section of the Law of

16 1907 exempted States and Territories of the United States

from those provisions of the law v/hich forbid the entrance

of immigrants v/ho had come in response to advert!s*n,enta

offering inducements to aliens to seule in dome particule

section of the country. The Commiaaioner-General recalls

that the State of North Carolina had, under the provision»

of this law, imported aorne a even hundred Belgians as agr

cultural workere. unfortunately, at the end of the year hut

aeventy of theae immigrai-.ta could be found in the State, the

balance had acattered, and the project to import agricultu­

ral workera waa dropped. Thia particular Section of the Law

of 1907, however, waa repealed by the Law of 1917. The Com!a

aioner-General called in the Solicitor and the Aasiatant

Solicitor of the Department, and put before them the question

aa to whether or nor a State would have the right to approp­

riate funds to pay the passage of immigrants for the purpose

of securing them as agricultural workers. It was the opinion

of the Solicitor that no State would have the right to approp

riate such funds and, if it was found that they could do so,

such action would still be contrary to the Federal Law.

This question of the payment of the passage money is

one which cannot be overcome, at the moment, without legisla

tion. Neither the Secretary nor the Commiasionefr-Ger.eral has

any discration in the matter. If it could be shown that these

refugees have money of their own to pay their passage--that

is, money not supplied by any organization or government for

the purpose of paying their passage to the United States— one

of the chief difficulties would be overcome.

You may be interested to know how this provision happened

to be included in the law. Sometime in the Minetiea it was

discovered that, either before or after the period of the

Civil War, the German Governement gathered together a shipload

of criminals and shipped them to America. This exclusion claua,,

was immediately inserted in the law, and has been there ever

The provision excluding persons who are likely to become

a public charge, or persona who might come under the so-called

Contract Labor Law, does not present insurmountable difficllj_ti&

- 4 -

nThe Commissioner-General aaya thiit he would not conaider

that these refugees would come under thia provision airnply

because they came In reaponae to aaauranoe from some aooiflt/

or groupe of employera or some State that they would find

employment or meana of livelihood in aome particular section

of the country.

Neither do I think the question of paaaporta, or the

viae of paaaporta, presents any insurmountable obataole.

The precedent has already been established by the State

Department in the case of the seventy Russian îiennonitea.

I have not .of course taken this up with the State Department,

nor will I do ao until I hear further from you and until it

ia discovered whether or. not the difficulties involved in the

question of passage money can be overcome.

I find that within the last few days Mr. Steenerson,

member of Congress from the State of Hinneaota, has intro­

duced an amendment to the act limiting the immigration of

aliéna into the United States, which provides that "aliens

experienced in agricultural upon filing with the American

Consul at the port of embarcation a statement of such experienu-

and a sworn declaration of intention to either aettle upon the

public land of the United States and occupy and farm the aame,

or to purchaae, cultivate, and improve other land available

for such purpose : Provided. That auch alien shall deposit the

sum of ^ 200 for himself and each adult member of his family

and 50 for each minor child admitted hereunder, aaid aum or

sums to be repaid to auch alien or his successors in interest

upon satisfactory proof that said declaration has been oompliea

with; otherwise said aum or suma to be applied to the cost of

deporting such alien and hi a family for failure to comply

with said declaration.11 This proposed legislation does not of

course, offer any solution of the difficulties involved in you

project. The Commissioner-General suggested, however, that I

g«39 Ur. Steeneraon and expiain to him in detail the aituatio

of these Ruaaian refugees, the splendid work which haa been

done by the already-overburdened nations of Europe, the moral

reaponaability of the United States to do it ahar«, and the

opportunity which is provided to secure high-grade agricultural

labor and at the same time discharge a portion of this moral

obligation. In other worda, it was the thought of the Commis­

sioner-General that I might suggest to Hr Steeneraon that he

amend hia bill to take care of this particular, and peculiar,

situation. In this way the whole matter of Ruaaian refugees-

who are skilled agricultural workers and who are considered

by the Commissioner-General aa deairable immigrants - would

be brought to the attention of Congress in the hoi» of secu­

ring some form of special legislation to accomplish your

purpoaea. It is of course unnecessary for me to say to you

that in doing this I would do it in such a way that I could

not be accused of attempting to secure legislation for some

specific purpose, i would aimply supply Krj. Steeneraon with

the detailed information concerning the situation of these

refugees in Europe, and the matter would go before Congress

as hia own proposition, together with the information which

would apparently have been solicited from me by him, rather

th i offered to him with any definite suggestion, i may aay to

you that I have the authority of the Commisaioner-General to

aay to Mr. Steeneraon that I have called upon him at his request, 1

The Cotijidssioner-General has also requested me to see

Senator Sterling, who is now formulating some new lagialation,

and lay thla entire matter before him. The Commissioner-General

and Senator Sterling are close personal frienda, and work toe;e- !

ther. As in the case of 2£r. Steenerson, the Commissioner-General

instructs me to say that I an: calling on Senator Sterling at his ^

request.

This is the situation as it is at the moment. Although he

is entirely sypathetio toward the whole idea, the Commisai oner

General can find no way of admitting these refugees unless it

ca be shown that they had paid their own passage out of their own

funds, or unless special legislation is secured, Tt is my personal

opinion that the other exclusion clauses (with the exception of

those involving ^certain class of contagious or incurable diseases)

do not provide any serious obstacles. Neither do I think the

question of passports is a very great problem under the plan

suggested in your letter.

I will discuss this matter with both Mr. Steenerson and

Senator Sterling within the next few days and write to you further.

Cordially yours,

(SAd)Ernest Greenwood

Director,Washington Office.

rU f . D ick inson . - -

"fi th r e fe r e n c e to U r . Greenw ood's l e t t e r o f the

14 th J u l y , a d d r e s s e d to Mr. B u t l e r , r e g a r d i n g an a r r a n g e ­

ment f o r t h e advance o f t r a n s p o r t expenses t o R ussian

re fu g e e s s e e k in g employment i n the U n i ted S t a t e s , i n

such a way as to s a t i s f y the im m ig ra t io n a u t h o r i t i e s ,

i t would be v e r y convenient i f Mr. Greenwood could make

an arrangement w i th the N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber o f

Commerc" f o r an advance to be made to any re f u g e e s to

whom they may o f f e r employment on the u n d e r s ta n d in g t h a t

th e advance should be r e p a i d from the r e f u s e s ' wages

a f t e r a r r i v a l . I u n d e r s ta n d t h a t s u c h an ar rangem en t

i s made w i th the em ig ra n ts to c e r t a i n B r i t i s h c o lo n ie s

and on th e whole i s ve ry s a t i s f a c t o i y .

As f a r a s t h e G a l l i p o l i r e f u g e e s a r e co n c e r n e d , i f

t h e N a t io n a l Automobile Chamber of Comne r c e co uld see

i t s way to advance a p o r t i o n o f t h e t r a n s p o r t expenses

i t might be n o a s i b l e f o r Dr. Nansen to make u t > t h e d i f f ­

e r e n c e , a l s o i n t h e shape o f on advance , i n which c a se

the Chamber o f Commerce would be asked to make an a r r ­

angement t o have t h i s advance a l s o re funded from the

r e f u g e e s ' wages.

■

27 th J u l y 192?. -

rM I N U T E S H E E T .

A

s'lurj xirjt

L

,K;

Ur. de Watteville.n

Ur. Greenwood writes porsonoll^and confidential

ly to Mr. Butler that he has had a long talk with Mr.

Johnson, Washington representative of the National Automobile

Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Greenwood laid before Mr. Pÿk«

Johnson the entire situation with regard to the 1,800 mem­

bers of the Technical Corps of Y/rangel's army and said that

he thought the automobile industry could absorb them with­

out difficxilty. m t . x’yke Johnson was inten^Ly interested

and will take the matter up with his board of directors.

Mr. Greenwood has also discussed the matter with

Mr. Hoover who was very interested.

Mr. Greenwood says that if he can arrange for the

National Automobile Chamber of Commerce to take these men

it only remains for the High Commissariat to/take the neces­

sary arrangements for advancing money for their passages.

It will have definitely to appear that the money was

lent to each individual for the purpose of paying his pas­

sage to America when the Commissioner-General will rule that

they will not come under the "Assisted Immigrant Exclusion

Clause" and will admit them on Mr. Greenwood giving some

assurance that they will not become a charge on the public.

Mr. Butler has again emphasised the need for giving

no sort of publicity to this affair unless authorisation

is given by the International labour Office.

M IN U T E S H E E T .

R.20^/S/_D/ ^

r W/MK. Reference -9 —lQ l

Mr. de V/atteville

V/ith reference to your minute of th

regarding assisted passages for Gallipoli refugees, Mr.

Butler is away and will not be back until next month so

that I am not able to give you a definite answer for the

iJy own opinion is that while there would be no ob­

jection to passing on your suggestion to Mr. Greenwood

it would be unwise to rely on its being received with any

especial favour. The tone of Mr. Greenwood letters con­

veys an impression that while he will do his best to per­

suade the National Automobile Chan ber of Commerce to take

these men he expects the High Commissariat to tiiake the

arrangements for transport^.

moment.

Ü .8 .Ü 2 . U .

(7582) Wt. Ml3—123 1(10,000 7/il J. T. .<■ S., Ltd. 102 (MIUWIT)

«

Wr.v-v

m s siiissi Ei i n i fn n n n o n n iD E L A P R E S S E S. A

'*ux de Rédaction. - BitillooriRecherches dens blbllothéqun. -

' lAiaUtiUAXlOX IN THEUNITED STATES. \ A

1# -POSSIBLE LABOUR SHORTAGE.Tho decrease in unemployment nn<l llm

general industrial improvement in the United Stales has brought nut the inabilities of nil actual shortage occurring among common midskilled workers in some lines and localities,

..notably in llm stoél mills and the automobile •(industry. “ TliotO is lit tie doubt,’’ states the 1 Ouaranly Surety, the monthly publication ,of t he Guaranty Trust Company of New York, " |hat if the slionrtge which is said to impend lii-enmes an actuality our present immigration laws will hr considered an important con-

uniting immigration into this country Ix-emne

i . J 1 <

limitation, e*|iccially if the

S SUISSE EI lNTERtiATIOIIAL

E xtrait du Journa l : /> .' h /H A >'>

A M

Taxe d'inscriptlc

Ml'

rerceniageI m m i g r a t i o n

BïTTOfîeredPe rm a n e n t LiiHifation In

A m erica Is P roposed

h i Congress

- ? “ “ “ “

'/iV x

L E A G U E O F N A T I O N S

H I G H C O M M I S S I O N F O R R E F U G E E S

CON STANTINOPLE.

LEA GU E o f n a t i o n sh i g h c o w m s s i o ' i i f o r r - F u c : E S l v

CONSTANTINOPLE W

M.V"

(U U,»L

Hey, I echvikié Djade

6th. Noventoer 1922

My Dear Johnson,

A ttached plea»# f in d Uemorandx» on ev acua tion t o America.

I should be g r a te f u l t o have your v i e w on th e su b jec t.

I have a lread y appealed t o e l l In te re s te d O rganisations he re w ith a view t-o

ob ta in in g a ss is ta n c e b u t a t p resen t nothing can be produced»

P e rso n a lly I regard th e s i t u a t io n fo r R ussians here as

be ing so eer io u s t h a t I th in k we * o u ld use our utmost endeavours t o ensure

t h a t th e se people g e t away t o America.

With k in d reg a rd s ,

Yours s in c e re ly ,

EBPUTY ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER, LEAGUE OF NATIONS,

CONSTANTINOPLE.

M B M O R A H L U M

on e m i g r a t i o n to t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Am er loa

yThe c n e u l a t e o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n C o n e t a n t i n o p l e

i s g r a n t i n g w i l l i n g l y v i s a s to r u e s i a n r e f u g e e s , h a v i n g

l e t t e r s o f i n t r o d u c t i o n f rom t h e Leag ue o f H â t i o n s and

p r o m i n e n t /Vmerioan I n s t i t u t i o n s .

As t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a r e th e o n l y o v e r s e a s c o u n t r y

h a v i n g d i r e c t s t e a m s h i p l i n e s w i t h C o n e t a n t i n o p l e , a num­

b e r o f r e f u g e e s w i s h t o l e a v e f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , whe­

r e many o f t hem h av e f r i e n d s and r e l a t i v e s .

The a v e r a g e p r i c e o f a t h i r d c l a s s t i c k e t i s L t q s 88 ,

o o e t o f v i s a $10 ( L t q a 1 8 . 5 0 } and i n c l u d i n g d o c t o r ' s

c e r t i f i c a t e , i n o c u l a t i o n e t c . t h e g e n e r a l e x p e n d i t u r e can

be e s t i m a t e d a t L t » s 110 p . o a p .

In c a s e i f t h e r e f u g e e s c o u l d be s e n t i n g r o u p s , t h i s

a v e r a g e d e x p e n d i t u r e c o u l d b e r e d u c e d t o L t q s 9 0 - 9 5 .

Up t o now t h e Leag ue o f H â t i o n s i s p a y i n g f o r t h e v i s a s

t o s u ch r e f u g e e s a s h av e s e n t i n c e r t i f i c a t e s p r o o v i n g

t h a t t h e i r p a s s a g e to t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i s P a i d by some

o t h e r o r g a n i s a t i o n ( ' . B . C . e t c ) o r have f r e e p a s s a g e

( employmen t on b o a r d e t c ) and o n l y i n e x c e p t i o n a l c a s n e

t h e Leag ue o f Bet i o n s p r o v i d e s c e r t a i n e m a i l sums i n

a d d i t i o n t o t h e f u n d s a l l r e a d y p o s s e s s e d by t h e r e f u g e e s

i n o r d e r t o p ay f o r t h e i r t i c k e t s , s u c h a d d i t i o n a l eume

n o t e x c e e d i n g i n e v e r y ca s e L t n e 35 p e r . h .

As t h e nee d f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n e m i g r a t i n g to t h e U n i ­

t e d S t a t e s i s v e r y c o n r i d e r a b l e and come ^ 0 0 *

r u e s i a n s t r e g e t t i n g e v e r y mon th v i e a s e n a b l i n g them to

e n t e r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i t would a d v i s a b l e t o h av e g e n e r a l

r e g u l t t i o n e on t h i s s u b j e c t , em pow er in g t h e Le l e n a t i o n

1

in Turkey to grant to the refugees, already in poeeeeeion of

eome funds en additional earn of Ltqe 50 $.h. ( inol. vieae )

and to enroll them into groupe thus obtaining reduction of

fere from Const an tlnople.

Constantinople , Lovember 4, 1922

_J

IIIC o n f i d e n t i a l .

: ' g:’' NATiONa

9 t h Novembi9 t h November 1922 - R/80

(ÏH N

( H i g h r î “"- '

I n t e r n a t i o n a l l a b o u r O f f io e> -

Ma j or Johnson hag o o n fe r ro d w i th «ir .. S u t l e r and Ur. Green­wood on th e .[ueation o f s e n d in g R u sa ia r Refueoes to th e U.S .A.Mr. Greenwood ex p la in e d the l e g a l d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s i n g out o f the f a o t t h a t th e R uss ia n Refugees: might come under th e ’’C o n t ra c t Labour" law o r the laxva r e l a t i n g to p u b l i a cha rge a and a s s i s t e d e m ig ra n t s , a s w e l l a s tho t e c h n ic a l d i f f i c u l t y t h a t Bussiem Refugees were l a r g e l y a g r i c u l t u r i s t s whose methods w id e ly d i f f e r ­ed from th o se employed in th e U.S..A., which would p re v e n t anyone employing them. Ifr* Greenwood thought» however, t h a t som eth ing could be done, w hich would e s t a b l i s h a p r e c e d e n t i n th e ca se o f t h e r e f u g e e s o f V r a n g e l ' s t e c h n i c a l c o rp s i n whom ho hp.d succeeded in g e t t i n g th e American motor i n d u s t r y to t ake c o n s i ­d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t . Mr. Greenwood had t a l k e d to Mr. Hoover obout t h o s e re fu g e e s and had s e c u re d h i s s u p p o r t v i s - à - v i s t h e ' Im m igra t ion Commission. Mr. Gompers would a l s o h e l p . Lir. Greenwo wood e x p la in e d t h a t , a t the p r e s e n t moment- t h e r e was s t a g n a t i o n i n th e au tom obile i n d u s t r y b u t i t was hoped t h i s would be over by th e s n in g . The a u to m o b i le Chamber o f Commerce cou ld n o tpromise d e f i n i t e i obs f o r t h e s e men b u t ex p e c te d t h a t t h e r e would be r.'v d i f f i c u l t y i n a b s o r b in g them i n tho i n d u s t r y 30 t h a t t h e y shou ld n o t become p u b l i c c h a r g e s . Mr. Greenwood would a r ra n g e t h a t i f t h e s e r e f u g e e s wore b ro u g h t over to the U.S^Ao the Automobile Chamber o f Commatea would see t h a t they were p ro v id e d w i th employment,

' / i t h r e g a r d t o f i n a n c i a l a r ran g e m en ts f o r t r a n s p o r t &c th e s e must bo made h e r o . Dr. Nunson would have to a r ra n g e t h a t the lo an c o v e r in g p assa ge monoy should be r e p a i d out o f wages and tho A utomobile Chamber o f Commerce would s e e t h a t t h i s ar range m en t was c a r r i e d o u t . A l l t h i s would be ve ry c a r e f u l l y checked by t h e U.S,Ae a u t h o r i t i e s . The lo an would have to be made in the name o f an i n d i v id u a l so as to comply w i t h the re q u i re m e n t s o f the U .3,.' . im m igra t ion laws,. To g o t over any d i f f i c u l t i e s w i t h regard to p a s s p o r t s c e r t i f i c a t e s from tho High Commissioner conId bo g r a n t e d .

Mr. Greenwood e x p la in e d t h a t a l l the d e t a i l s should be com­p l e t e d b e f o r e th e s p r in g , i . e . , the m a t t e r o f th e l o a n s and the c e r t i f i c a t e s . In o rd o r t h a t he mi?ht bo in a p o s i t i o n to c a r r y th rough tho a r rangem en ts i n the U.S.A. Mr. ' r e enwood su g g es ted t h a t t h e High Commissioner should ?ivo him a g e n e ra l l e t t e r o f a u t h o r i s a t i o n empower i n a: him to a c t a s th e Hi r?h C om missioner 's r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . In a d d i t i o n to t h i s g e n e r a l l e t t e r he would l i k e a l e t t e r o f i n s t r u c t i o n s d e a l in g v / i th the q u e s t io n o f the repayment o f t h e lo an out o f v/agos and c o n t a in i n g a r e a s o n a b le a s su r a n c e t h a t the money vrould bo r e p a i d .

Major Johnson agreed to d r a f t t h e s e two l e t t e r s nnd to l e t Mr, Greenwood have tho d r a f t s f o r ap p ro v a l a t once. Major Johnson though t t h e r e would bo no- d i f f i c u l t y i n r a i s i n , ? t h e monev f o r t r a n s p o r t once tho H i * Commission» r was s a t i s f i e d th a t the

r / , Ilrofugues v/ero sure of f ind ing employmont in tho U.'5»A.

K j expla in ad th a t tiio '/rangel refugees v/ore being sont in small numbers to Hungary but in tho un l ik e ly event of the demand from tho U. 3 bei ng in excess of tho number of Huasian refugees a v a ila b le fo r t re n a fo r ho did not a n t i c ip a t e any d i f f i c u l t y in making up tho c’i ffe ronoo with Asia Minor refugees .

Tho quota d i f f i c u l t y in tho case of Greeks was mentioned.Mr. Greenwood explained th a t Greeks bom in any p a r t of the old Turkish Empire would bo considered to be Turks a m3 th a t even though the Turkish quota was not exhausted i t was a very small one. The quota was a temporary measure only and a t a l a t e r period the m atter w i l l bo in the hands of a commission with d i sc re t io n a ry powers (8 . November).

LiAJOR JüHilSOlî

I have read the attached Minute on Russian

7

Refugees with considerable concern. I do not want to seem to throw cold water on any project of this sort, but I think I ought to give you my own judgment, that the chance of anything important eventuating along these lines is very small indeed. I may be entirely wrong, but I should not feel right about it if I did not let you know that I thought you ought not to feel too much encouraged. This proposal is a good one to work with but not to hope too much from.

November 20th, 1922.

I'vUto'tVtA , (Tj {{<.< Ji. I, I, ( tCtft Li t Ht-Vv

I c uv > v A /vviv/VMVl.

kt,

t . H

23rd November 1»P8.

Uy d e a r O orfe ,

HTbonatlon o f Rnaolana t o U.

T his l a Juo t a n o te to remind yon theuât the

au® rea tlon oada by Child a thftt p o s s i b ly the Hoover ah lpa

mlKht tulce R ussian r e f B » e a t o the United S t a t e a on

t h e i r « t u r n Jon m e y a . I f C h l ld a raonngea to imke

t h l a ar range awn t f o r the r e fu g e e s from C o n a ta n t ln o p la

and yon oro n o t a b l e t o üwke 8 s i m i l a r a r range m en t with

Row H i l l c o n c e r n in g the American Red Créa a food ah lpa

In O reeoa, mlqbt I t no t be p o s s i b l e f o r yon t o aend

the Rnaalana to C o n s ta n t in o p le t o Jo in H oove r 's ah lpa

T h is l a on ly e t e n t a t i v e a n g s e a t l on which n»y n o t

be n r a o t l e a l . I p.m aend In p r copy o f t h l a l e t t e r t o

Child He

lo u r a a lnce r e l y .

Colonel . C. Cor to ,H o te l ;r&ij£o 3vetn g n c.

4 û /80724/20724i ï It ü V ï ,

1 s t üeoem bor, 1988.

My dear C hi 1 As,

I t h in k I oan o r y s t a l l i s e my v ie w * i n re g a rd to the q u a n tu m ra is e d i n y o u r l e t t e r , H .K .11E , o f t h e 6 th o f November, w i t h re fe re n c e t o th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e v a c u a t io n s o f R uss ian re fu g e e s t o A m erica , i n a few l i n e s .

t f l r u t l y , I Co not. f o r a moment b e l le v o t h a t the U n ite d S ta te s w i l l a c c e p t th e numbers o f re fu g e e s whi oh the Mémorandum aooompanying y o u r l e t t e r seems t o su g g e s t, end s e c o n d ly , I do n o t t h in k th a t we sh o u ld be a t a l l J u s t i f i e d i n o o n t r lb u t in g as h ig h u sum t.o 62 T u rk is h pounds p e r he ad f o r th e p u rp o se .

P iece# do n o t th in .c th a t I am u n n e c e s s a r i ly th ro w in g o o ld w a te r on th ie s u g g e s t io n , b u t I have i n th e above l iq p s condensed th e r e u l t o f a' /rood d e o l o f n e g o t ia t io n s w i t h v a e p e o ia l r e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f th e I n t e r n a t io n a l Labour O f f in e ,

who has been enden vo u r in g f o r n lo n g t im e t o saoure th e r e la x a t io n o f th e A m erican iTV-nijrat io n r e s t r i c t i o n s i n fa v o u r o f R uss ian re fu g e e s , b u t up t o now w i th o u t any r e s u l t . * b the n e g o t ia t io n s i n q u e s t io n oonoemed a s p o o le l c a te g o ry o f re fu g e e , i . e . , nembors o f .V ra n g e l's Toohniou l C o rps , f o r whom employment was ; w a l la b lo i n th e U n ite d S ta te s a u to m o b ile in d u s t r y , I do n o t t h in k t h a t wo oan re a s o n a b ly e x p e c t b e t te r r e s u l t s i n th e oase o f le s s u s e fu l in d iv id u a ls .

I n any case th e memorandum on th e f i n a n c ia l p o s i t io n o f th e H igh C om m issa ria t w h loh I have se n t you w ith a n o th e r l e t t e r to -d a y , w i l l , I t h in k , be th e b e s t argument th a t ws cannot e n t e r t a in such a h i * c o s t p e r head as th e e v a o la t io n e w h ich you su g g e s t w ould in v o lv e .

W ith k in d re g a rd a .

S .L . C h i ld s , JSsq,• n i la s , ü>sq. ,Pera Hamol Be c h i ,

ru e P e rk in Ko. 11,COHiiVJixIIJOPL.;.

wÆ,

JA M - 4IoJJk 4- ^

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11th *,ocmbQr 19<.:;

TeVim ^ e o re tw j u f tiw Union t»f t_n4i,lnv r s ,

ueaU » 3£h*s»3;/,-la.

tyv s ;

air.

I :/»ap ietuey ,.uw ;oë 1 in r® ly t b* j tv in fv r .you the eafcter o f ft-ce i..&aa& ,oe to ,, .rlo tt i s boin^ t.- .«a up w lto t;-» J - orlo&n 9*4 , in j d e p e rtre r t & d ta e re i s aon* im * v f i- a./. ;e*So»ful re s u lt le In., ofet&inerf.

In t.-** n*««wiüle» howe*ei% th e se o fïlo ea have no ..sjreliwlun to ,,uy the oust o f tran sp o rt to i=:-t>rl«a*

fears tifcltnfiU,

Extract from proceedings of Executive Meeting on

Wflrtnaadav- the 13th. December 1922. >The question of the evacuation of Russians to

America was put forward on a statement by Mr. Gragg.

Some 1200 Russians were anxious to proceed to

^ U.S.A. and of them about 400 had already obtained

visas.

The problem was the cost of transport.

Admiral Me Gowan replied that the question was

one into which he had gone With Major Davis and they

had decided to put up the case to the American Shipping

Board with a strong recommendation that oilers returning

empty to U.S.A. might be allowed to take refugee passengers

free. The cost would thus be only food.

I f . r 1 1 « / i f y r I

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< S <r£& ,'c*k ' d e s rÀ /e ty £ s J b ? i> / d ' , 2 ^-

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^ à ÿ y A ^ m L - a V ^ J b r iu J ü , / 4 ^ ° ^ / V & > & /} & /

c*/ A » g ^ r f ^ £ t r 2£ * fra ^ é ^

t  t'/' C tw y n f (2 > c /- /tfis /fw its * ' a $ i/~ h /% ?# % ÿ4 L ^ë S

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D e a r M r . " îo u l l c e v i t c h .

I n r e p l y t o y o u r l e t t e r o f t h e V th i n a t a n t w ith

r e f e r e n c e t o t h e q u e s t i o n o f r r o v l d l n r v i a a a f o r 400

B u 33 i£izi r e f u g e e s i n C o n s t a n t i n o p l e ho ô n ^ i r e to eo te

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r e c e i v e d a o o m n u n i o a t i o n f ro m o u r C o n s t a n t i n o p l e

o f f i c e to th e e f f e c t t h a t 4 0 0 v l a n a h a v e a l r e a d y be°n

o b t a i n e d f o r t h e U n i t e d s t a t e s . These 4 0 0 v i a a a

p r o b a b l y r e f e r t o t h e 4 0 0 r e f u g e e i n whom yon a re

i n t e r e a t e d .

The ( iQ eii ti on o f t h e -payment o f t h e c o a t o f

t r a n s p o r t f o r t h e a e r e f u g e e s , h o w e v e r , h a a n o t y e t

b e e n s o l v e d , a l t h o u g h o ti r C o n s t a n t i n o p l e o f f i c e l a

e n d e a v o u r i n g t o come t o some a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h th e

Amer I c o n S h i p p i n g Boa rd i n o r d e r t h a t t h e re fu g e o a

may t r a v e l t o A m e r i c a on o l l e r a r e t u r n i n g t o the

U n i t e d s t a t e s e m p ty . T h e r e w i l l t h e n o n l y be the

q u e s t i o n o f fo od w h ic h I d o n o t t h i n k w i l l p r e s e n t

v e r y g r e u t d i f f i c u l t i e s .

Y o u r s a i n c e r e l y ,

M o n a le u r 00ULK3VITCH,H o t e l M i r a b e a u ,

LAUSANNE.-

J a n u a r y 19P3

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t p r e s e n t e p e c l e l i e t e o n l y e r e a d m i t t e d o v e r e n d n b o v e t h e q u o t e , b u t t h i s p r o v i c i o n d o e e n o t e x t e n d t o t h e i r f a m i l i e s en d t h e a p p l i c a n t s h e r e t o ee t i e f y t h e t m i g r a t i o n u t h o r l t i ee l r . l e w Y o rk , i n e a c h i n d i v i d u e l c a s e ne t o t h e i r p r o f e c e i o n a l q u e l i f i c a t i o n s . c p e c i a l i s t s i n c l u d e ee p e r a n n e x e d c o p y o f U . S . * . V i c e C o n e u l ' e l e t t e r .

T h e e e r e g u l a t i o n s p r a c t i c t l l y r o u e s t h e n u m b e r o f p e r e o n e a b l e t o l e v e i m m e d i a t e l y , t o 100 o r u i d e r . ' 1 1 o t h e r s e r e o b l i g e d t o a w a i t t h e f t e a m e r e r e a c h i n g l ie w / o r K . o y a n * a f t e r J u l y l e t .

e r , u m i n g t h a t t h e C o n g r e e e w i l l v o t e f o r t h e c u r r e n tye e ^r l t t f c . ' - ? . 4 , t h e 37 q u o t e esc. e ee p r e v i o e u y e ; r * e , a n d c o n s i d e r ­ing tbit t h e m o n t h l y m a x i m u m a d m i t t e d à o e e n o t e x c e e d 1/8 o f t h e y e a r l y quote, i t IB o b v i o u s the t d u r i n ? t h e f i r e t levs m o n t h s e f t i i r J a l y l e t . i . e . a f t e r t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e n e » q u o t a , a c o n r i t i e r e b l e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e r b o u t 7 0 , 0 0 0 p e r m o n t h can be a d m i t t e d t o t h e Uni t e d t e t e e , o u t i f which n u m b e r som e 5 0 , 0 0 0 e m i g r a n t s " i l l p r a c t i c a l l y pee k a d m i r e ! on d u r i n g t h e f i r s t month t o the U n i t e d States.

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A l l t h e q u o t a s b e i n g n o s f i l l e d , t h e i n t e n d e d e m i g r a n t e f o r t h e n e w q u o t a w i l l b e f l o c k i n g t o f o n e t en t i n o p l e e n d o t h e r

p r i n c i p a l p o r t e i n t h e c o u r s e o f . a r c ^ , A p r i l , a y e n d » ur.e ( w i t h t h i e o b j e c t i n v i e w , t h e l a r g e t e ; m e h i p < o t t p a n i e s a r e e e t e o l i e h i n g f p e c i a l h o t e l s ) e n d w i l l c e r t a i n l y do t h e i r b e s t t o l e < ve b y t h e f i r m b o a t d u e t o a r r i v e t o l ie w ï o r k a l t e r i a l v l r t .

t h e t r a n s p o r t o e p e c i t l e b o f t o n e t a n t i n o p l e c o n a i e t o f m o n t h l y t » o b o a t s . On e b e l o n g i n g t o t h e " F a o r e L i n e " e n d t h e o t h e r t o " B y r o n L i n e " s a i l i n g t o t h e U . . . . u c h uo;. t e t r a n s ­p o r t a o o u t i- , 5 0 0 p e o p l e i n e l l c l b l ee e a l t o g e t h e r .

r • " i>'b i t l e f r o m « v e r y point o f ▼ ! * * , v e r y d e s i r a b l e

t o e n c o u r a g e R e s s l n n e m i g r a t i o n to t h e U . 3 $ * , , w h e r e t h e Baeelan r e f u g e e s csn f i n a l l y s o t t i e , l t l e n e o o r s a r y t o i n s u r e f o r a t l o a r t 1 , 0 0 0 K u n l n r n t h e r o e e l b l l i 1 jr o f l o ' v l n g w i t h t h e f l r e t b o a t s , I n c l u d i n g t h e Ü0<) who e r e e l r e a d y I n p o s e e n e i o n o f v l e e e .

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th e two p a r t i e s to reach a s o l u t i o n of o th e r s by d i r o o t

n e g o t i a t i o n s , a s o l u t i o n which w i l l guurantoo to the Saor

i n h a b i t a n t s tho r ig h t s to which they uro o n t i t l o d by tho T r ea ty ,

I bog t o propose tho f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n :

RESOLUTION.

1 . The Counci l of th x League of Habitons no te s tho comrr.unic'itioris of March 6 th 1*923 and “ p r i l 7 th 1983 from th e Chairman of the Saa r 3, 'isin Governing Commission --nd of L 'i rch 2Cth 1923 from tho Terman Government co n ce rn in g commercial r e l a t i o n s botwo on tho S a a r T o r r i t o r ; v-nd Germany. I t i s hoped th t i t tho d i r e c t n e g o t i a t i o n s which are now going on with r e f e r ­ence to t h i s o uos t iop may 1-JLd t o a s o l u t i o n of thu o u t s ta n d in g d i f f i c u l t i e s

2 , Tho S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l is reques ted to t r a n s m i t j copy of jkhis r e s o l u t i o n t o tho Saer B as in 'ïoverning Comjnissioni and to tho German Government.

Department of STATE,

In reply refer to I WASHINGTON.3B __________ 1

January 20th 1923.

yMy dear «Ir. Ughet, [

Your letter of December 23rd 19°2, concerning the situation of certain Russian refugees in Constantinople and the possibility of their transportation to this country, was duly received. A copy was furnished to the American Red Cross.

The Department has now received a letter from Colonel 53.P. Bicknell, Acting Director of Foreign Operations of the Red Cross, dated January 12th 1923, setting forth the views of the Red Cdss on this matter. Colonel Biclmell points to the United states and their subsistence en route could be arranged there would still remain unsettled.the question of moral and financial responsibility for the trsnsportation, maintenance, health and employment of these refugees after landing on American soil. "This constitutes," he writes,"a very serious and burdensome responsibility and one which the American Red Cross Relief Administration also finds it impracticable to accept this burden. "

"ialay I venture to suggest, " Colonel Bicknell continues, "that if some competent and reliable committee of association v/ould assume primary responsibility for the acceptance and care these refugees, it is conceivable that financial contributions towards support of that organisation might be obtained from private and organised sources. While in any way to such an effort, I may say that the Red Cross would give sympathetic consideration to the subject of a reasonable contribution.

"We are of the impression that the Financial Attaché to the Russian Embassy, New York, or the interests which he represents, holds a sum of money which misrht be applied to the project under discussion. This impression may be erroneous and in any case we have no information as t o the amount of money available. If the groun associated with the Russian Embassy were able to establish and direct a responsible organisation prepared to take full charge of the maintenance and care of the Russian refugees and to assume a substantial part of the cost, other agencies might perhaps provide additional financial support. It is to be pointed o ut, however, that the moral responsibility involved in this proposal is no less important than the financial responsibility. A percentage of the immigrant group will inevitably be composed of ineffectives unable to become self- supporting in a strange country. Some will become disabled through illness. It therefore beco;nes necessary to contemplate the certainty that some of these refugees will become a permanent charge upon chnrity and any organisation which accepts responsibility for the transplanting of these people must make provisions against the permanent incapacity of a considerable number of persons."

I repeat the foregoing to you, with Colonel Bicknell permission, in order that you may be apprised fully of the situation. Should you or any of your cornpa triots'desire to

in thé matter, I would suggest that you communicate directly with Colonel Bicknell. You may also care to consult directly with the American Relief Administration.

With regard to visas inform you that, although the

Russian immigration quota now shows a balance of about c ,000 immigrants Jet to enter, it is possible, in view of the large number of applications which have recently been reported, that the greater part of this balance is already taken up, In order that precise information may be had, telegraphic inquiry is being made among the American consulates concerned and I will inform you later as to just what the situation turns out to be. You of course understand that immigration matters are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Labour and that the granting of a visa to an alien does not guarantee his entrance into the United States should he be found inadmissible under immigration regulations.

I remain, my dear -<ir. Ughet,

Very sincerely yours,

(S g d ) B.C. Poole.

Chief Division of Eastern European Affairs.

December 23rd 1922.

My dear Ur, Poole, V

I have recently received several appeals from Constantinople soliciting the attention of the United States Government to the extremely difficult and even dangerous situation of Russian refugees in Constantinople, in connection

w ith the latest political events in the Near East. The new Turkish authorities are insisting that these refugees leave the City as they refuse to take care of them. On the other hand, in case the Russian refugees will not be able to leave Constantinople, some of them are in danger of being extradited to the Bolsheviks. All efforts of the Russian organisations to obtain for the Russian refugees in Constantinople diplomatic protection from some of the Powers so far have not been successful. At the same time Russiens are handicapped in obtaining visas for European countries or the United States.

Through inquiries mad e , it was ascertained that about 2,000 of these refugees desire to come to this country.I am fully aware of all the difficulties which are connected with this matter, insofar as your visa regulations and immigration rules are concerned. Bu t , yielding to the urgent appeals of my countrymen, and taking into consideration their extremely pitiful condition, I take the liberty of transmitting these appeals to you with an earnest request to do everything possible to alleviate the plight of these refugees, and particularly in authorising your representatives over there to be more lenient in granting visas to the refugees desiring to come to this country. No doubt the Department of State has been fully informed of the general situation in Constantinople by the American representatives in that city who can also verify all the facts concerning the conditions’ of the Russian refugees.

Thanking you in advance for your kindness,

I remain,My dear Mr. Poole,

Yery sincerely yours,

(Signed) S. UGHET.

RUSSIAN FINANCIAL ATTACHE.

Hon.D.C. Poole, Chief,

Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State,

Washington, D.C.

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a> ;My dear Butler, '

I have youn letter with regard to the Russian

refugees at Constantinople and will take this matter up

immediately with the shipping board.

I enclose a draft of the sort of letter which I think

I should have. You will note that this letter appoints

me as special commissioner representing the High Commission

but practically does nothing else. It is simply a clear

indication of the fact that I am speaking for the High

Commissioner, but you will note that I have carefully

limited my authority so that I can not bin» him to any

policy without his specific approval. I have also been

at some pains to definitely withhold authority with regard

to financial obligations. This is due to the fact that

we discussed the question of advancing transportàtlon

and negotiating with possible employers here for with­

holding a certain percentage of the paypf the refugee in

order to re-pay this transportation to anyone who may

advance it. As you know, if the transportation of the

immigrant is paid by other -, it must be done in the form

of a loan.

As you know, I have done considerable work with the

National Automobile Chamber of Commerce and only

to-day had a talk with the .Vashington representative. The

situation in the automobile industry seems to me to be

clearing up and e both hope that within a short time

we can again take this matter up with some decided

prospects of success.

I wish you would say to Dr. Nansen for me that I am not

neglecting this matter and that if I do not succeed in

making a contribution towards his work it will not befrom lack of effort. ( i :

1 6. I-IV. 9 2 3

Mr. Ernest Greenwood, 618- 17th Street. N.W. Washington, D.O.

Tlÿ-s ia to certify that you have been appointed Special

Qoimjrisnloner for the United States, representing the High commission

f»r Russian Refugees.

toy negotiations which you may undertake, either with officials

of the United states Government, or with private individuals, asso­

ciations or corporations, for the purpose of relieving the distress,

or the transporting to the United States, or the finding of employ -

ment in the United states for Russian refugees, or any so-called

refugees which may come within the jurisdiction of the High Com­

missioner, must he submitted to him for approval before they can

be considetied as completed.

This appointment does not authorize you to bind either the High for the High Commissioner/'

Commlsslônër7forKu3sian HelleTto any financial obligation of any

kind without special and separate authority being given in writing

by the High Commissioner.

( Signed )______________________

GcL-kbm

Confidential* loth Fo oruary 1923.R/I08,

LEAGUE OP M I O N S ,(High Commissarlet for Refugees)

INTERRITIOMAL LABOUR OFFICE.

L I A I 3 0 H R E P O R T .

Repatriation. ;; report from Lr. Gorvin (30 Jan. ) states thet 10 delegates from c-mong the Kouban Cossacks who '"ere to have returned to Bulgaria to report, have not yet left as they are not assured of return visas > Three Cossacks h. ve returned to Varna to reporte Mr, Gorvin has heard that there ere 500 officers in Bulgaria waiting to proceed to Russia end he asks for a list of theseo Hr. Karakhan has complained that there is unneces­sary deley in repatriation nd has rskod for prompt measures to be tr.ken as the emigrants will be useful for Spring work on thelc'nd,

732 Cossack refugees, including women end children, arrived at Novorossiisk on the Ifflth January,

The refugees on landing r.re put into camps and examined as to their political views, e proceeding which entrils some delay.The camp accomodrtion appears to be satisfactory but the r.tions are insufficienta The physical condition of the refugees is good and for this reason they are considered suitable for recons­truction and field works It is not thought that the refugees are suitable material for the Red Army,

21 Refugees arrived at Novorossiisk from Constantinople on the 17th January.,

United States» Mr. Greenwood h_s sent a draft of the letter which he thinks he should have t . enable him to negotiate with the U lited States authorities a Mr 0 Grcf.nwood has seen tho representative of the National Automobi].e Chamber of Commerce who hopes that within a short time the mctter can be taken up with some decided prospects of success (I Feb).

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an m i n » ait f h 4 >< t i m « v n - P » q n < » .1 -, . .- -- — " ■ ' • " •! UW 4 . J . * V a Jku U B 0 1 « U X U u 1 e It h e i r coming w i t h i n t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n may be g ran t® v i e a s , b u t th e ex cep t io n o f an a l i e n un de r t h i s p r o v i e i o n do e» no e x t e n d to h i # w i f e and c h i l d r e n . . The c l a s u i f i c a t io n r e f e r r e d to m o i udee \

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s o c i é T l. d e s n a t i o n s .

L E A G U E O F N A T IO N S .

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Pieuse quote Ref. N” In reply Dans la réponse pr iè re de rappele r

*R eoe/5/D/6i>

I . TÉLÉenAPHiQUB , INTEH4AB QENÈVE-SUISSE

B U R E A U I N T E R N A T I O N A L D U T R A V A IL

IN T E R N A T I O N A L L A B O U B O F F IC E

•r A Y ]T l3

p . i f G E N È V E

Dear Maje 'ohrison,

Dickinson being on leave I send you,

for your information, a copy of a personal

letter received by the Deputy Director from

our Washington Correspondent.

Yours sincerely,

Major Johnson,Russian High Commissariat, League of Nations,GENEVA.

at greenwood,, seventeenth Street, "ashlngton,D.O,

Washington, May 3, 1923»

Mr. H.B. Butler, Deputy Director, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, Geneva, Switzerland.

My dear put1er,

I note the copy of the letter from the American Vice Consul at Constantinople states that the provisions for members of learned professions do not extend to the families of such persons. There has been a movement on 100 to revise this provision so that it will extend to families. It is hoped here that this can be accomplished.

please warn the High Commissariat again with regard

to the care which must be taken concerning the payment of the transportation costs for immigrants. I do not be­lieve even our own organisations understand this very thoroughly. You may be assured, however, that the opposition to any kind of immigration does; and as you know, organized labour in this country has adopted a policy of opposing all sorts of immigration. This Exclusion Clause can be made quite as effective as any other, and is apt to cause great difficulties.

In any event, however, you may call upon me for any sort of assistance in this matter which you may care to, for I am deeply interested.

Cordially yours,

ERNEST GREENWOOD.

Director,Washington Office.

Oenevc, May 30th 1923.

Dear Mr. Burge,

In the absence of Major Johnson, I kre to

noknov/ledge your lotter of the loth May, enoloolng a

oopy of a lotter received by the Deputy Director from

your Washington Oorrespondent, whloh, I know, will be

read by Major Johnson on hlu return with very great

Interest.

Yours elnoerely,

For Assist nt High Como:asioner for Refugees.

M.R.K. liurge, 15Bq.,tntemation.11 ! jab our Office,

B x t r a o t o f a l e t t e r f r o m Mr L a w f o r S C h t l f t s , D e p u t y ^ l s * ^ C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r Re f u s e o g , l e a p i e o f n a t i o n s C o n s t a r r t i n o ^

t o M a j o r J o h n s o n . * ~ ' L%'

ACTION COPY

P e r a . Ha m a l B a o h l , t o e S e r k l a , Ho 11

3 1 s t M a y , 1 9 2 3 . -

) V\'e s h a l l be s e n s i n g t h e f l ï s t c o n v o y t o A m e r i c a v e r y s o o n .

OBNrWA ,Z£ J a n e 19?3

rMy d e a r C h i ld a .

I n one o f y o u r r e o e n t l o t t e r a on a n o t h e r s u b j e c t you

m e n t io n e d t h n t t h e f i r s t co n v o y o f R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s wou ld

s h o r t l y l e a v e f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I am v e r y p i a d t o

r e c e i v e t h i ;• new s , and s h o u l d v e r y much l i k e t o h a v e f u r t h e r

d e t a i l s a t y : u r e a r l y c o r v e n l n a o e i n d i c a t i n g how many r e f u f r e e s

you e x p e c t t o be a b l e t o send t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , and e x a c t l y

w h n t a r r a n g e ments u r e b e i n g made f o r t h e p a y m e n t o f v i s a : nd

t r a n s p o r t e x p e n s e s .

A t t h e same ti . . i e w o u ld you be s o good a s t o t e l l me how

many d e s t i t u t e r e f u g e e s you e s t i m a t e t h e r o s t i l l a r e i n

C o n s t a n t i n o p l e , and how many r e f u g e e s , d e s t i t u t e and s e l f - s u p -

p o r t i n g , d e s i r e t o g e t t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I a s k f o r t h i s

i n f o r m a t i o n i n v i e w o f c o n v e r s a t i o n s I h a v e r e c e n t l y h a d w i t h

a v e r y p r o m i n e n t member o f t h e R u s s i a n R e f u g e e R e l i e f Com m it tee

i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , f ro m whom I g a t h e r t h n t v e r y / s u b s t a n t i a l

g r a n t w i l l bo made a v a i l a b l e f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t h e

p a y m e n t o f t r a n s p o r t e x p e n s e s and a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e r e f u g e e s

s e n t fr o m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e . I s e e f r o m a -iemorandum w'nioh you

s e n t t o u s a b o u t t h e end o f F e b r u a r y t h a t you e s t i m a t e d t h a t

t h e r e w o re 6 , 0 0 0 men p e r month who h a d r a k e d t o be e v a c u a t e d

f r o m t h 2 C o n s t a n t i n o p l e a r e a t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I n t h l a

memorandum you I n c l u d e i n t h e C o n s t a n t i n o p l e a r e a B u l g a r i a ,

G r e e c e , ï u g o - S l a v l a , S o u t h R u s s i a , A rm e n ia and T u r k e y , A l t h o u g h

t h l a c o v e r s r a t h e r a w id e f i e l d , r e you s a t i s f i e d t h a t t h e num­

b e r you n e n t l o n l a n o t p e r h a p s so mewhat e x a g g e r a t e d ? On th e

o t h e r h a n d , I g a t h e r f r o m my A m e r i c a n I n f o r m a n t t h a t h i a Com­

m i t t e e wou ld o n l y be b l e t o c o n t r i b u t e t o w a r d s t h e e x p e n s e s o f

r e f u g e e a f ro m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e p r o p e r , a s f u n a a a r e b e i n g o b t a i n e d

in America specifically for the evacuation of Constantinople.

In .« k i n g the a o l e o t i o n o f r e f u g e e s f o r e v a c u a t i o n t o

th e U n i t e d S t a t e s I wonder whethr-r yon mig ht t h i n k i t d e s i r t i t i e

t o r i v e p r e f e r e n c e t o t h o s e who ho ve no 'ncllnntlnn w h a te v e r

t o r e t u r n t o R u s s i a , aa i t would seem t o bo r a t h e r w a s t e o f

fund s and e f f o r t s t o a r r a n g e f o r t h o e v a c u a t i o n o f r e f u g e e s

fro m C o n s t a n t i n o p l e who might f e e l i n c l i n e d i n th e n ea r

f u t u r e t o r e t u r n t o R u s s i a i f t h e y are s a t i s f i e d t h a t s u f f i c i e n t

a t o p 3 cou ld be t a k e n f o r t h e i r p r o t e c t i o n a f t e r t h e i r a r r i v a l .

I make t h i s s u g g e s t i o n b e c n n a e I ha v e v e r y rood r e a s o n to

b e l i e v e t h a t f a r g r e a t e r funds wo uld be made e v - . i l a b l e from th e

U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r r e c o n s t r u c t i v e w ork i n R u s s i a , i n c l u d i n g

r e p a t r i a t i o n , th a n f o r th e e v a c u a t i o n o f th e r e f u g e e s t o any

o t h e r c o u n t r y .

I t i s n o t , o f c o u r s e , f o r u s t o i n d i c a t e i n any way

w ha t t h e r e f u g e e s ' c h o i c e i n th e m a t t e r sh ou ld b e , b ut t h e i r

a t t i t u d e tow ard s r e p a t r i a t i o n s h o u l d , I t h i n k , be taken c a r e ­

f u l l y i n t o a c c o u n t .

W i l l you v e r y k i n d l y l e t me h a v e yo u r v i e w s on t h e s e

s u g g e s t i o n s a t yo u r e a r l y c o n v e n ie n c e ?

With kihd r e g a r d s .

You rs s i n c e r e l y ,

'JiffC a p t . 3 . Lawton C h i l d s ,1 1 , Rue S e r l c i s ,P é r a , CONSTANTINOPLE

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

H lv r i COMMISSION FOR REFUGEES

, ' s d c i Ê T É DES NATIONS

HAUT COMMISSARIAT POUR LES R É FU G IÉ S^

CON STAN TINOPLE OFFICE

Télégrammes: NATIONS, Constantinople.

Telephone: Bef? 3481.

Code - Berrf

k - *

LEAGU.7L O F N A T I O N S b u r e a u d e C o n s t a n t i n o p l e

H I G H C 0 M I C C Ï 0 I I F O n H l T U G E E SC O N S T A N T I N O P L E

M A-K I Pera, Hamal Bachi, Rue Serkis, N" 11.

A

\ S f'S'Dear Johnson,

I A C T I O h i

j C O P Y j

18th June 1923.-

Your recent undated letter asking for particulars about the American

The following details nmy perhaps be of Interest In addition to those sent recently in my progress report.

It is hoped to send 1200 in all. in this evacuation we collaborate with the Bristol Disaster Belief Qomnittee which represents the American Be­lief Administration and the American tied Cross. Candidates fill up the form (annex 1), are scrutinized by the American and by myself or my representatives and, if accepted, are despatched.

The charges in connection with evacuation to America are as followsj-

#60 per capita.

$10 per visa (not per capita in the case of faillies).

The fare, including food

Examination by American Immigration Doctor

Disinfection by American Hospital

Charge for bagage, porterage, etc.,

Ltqs. 2.50 " 2.50

The average deposit made by the refugee comes to Ltqs. 20mr>er head in addition to which all visas are paid for ly the refugees themselves. *

League pays Lstg. 3- 0- 0 per head for each refugee evacuated, the American tied Cross and American Belief Administration and the refugees make up the rest. Beductioae in fares for minors are allowed.

; After the despatch of each convoy an audit is made of its expenses.! an<* League contributions are inspected and it has been foundI that the three contributions are practically equal. jvor this purpose I have

b e e n ^ H t ^ Latti> 3,600 out of whl°h Lstg. 919- 0- 0 rou^ily has~SïïeStiy

Beception is arranged by the Bussian tiefugee Belief Society of America Annex 2 is ^‘pledge by the refugee for repayment of suas advanced. Any sums * thus returned are to be held by the tiussian tiefugee itelief tiooiety of America in trust for disposal as the result of an agreement between ourselves the A.B.A. and the A.B.C. I was consulted and am partially responsible with regard to the forms concerned.

This report should read together with the apposite paragraph in my reoent pro- gress report.

With reference to further queries in your letter I do not think that the figure of 6,000 that I recently gave you is exaggerated as regards the numbers who wish to go to America from what I then described perhaps rather loosely as the '«Constantinople area», in view, however, of the lack of funds and the American Imnigration laws, I do not think that it is practical to con­template anything like this number, in fact, I think that what is being done now is really the most that can be done, unless independent evacuation can be organised from the Bulgarian and ïougo-Slav offices.

With reference to your remarks about giving preference to those who have no inclination whatever to return to Russia, this would be very difficult, - firstly because opinions change with the changing situation in Russia, and secondly my [fiiperience in ïougo-ylavia taught me that a very large number of inanigrants who go to America, return afterwards when they have saved a little money, to the country in which they formerly lived. Majiy of the types we are sending to America will obtain money, work, and experience there which will be a great service to them when the time comes for them to go back to Russia. They should, in fact, be a great reconstructing and civilizing influence.

I do not think that the type of refugee we are sending to America is one that would, return to itussiaïi imnediately. in any case the amount of their individual contribution is quite enough to get them to Russia by then» selves if they wished to go.

I hope this answers all your queries.

With kind regards,

yours sincerely,

T« P. Johnson Esq.League of Nations,

Geneva. LEAGUH OF NATIONS CONSTANTINOPLE

Bristol D isas te r Relief C om m ittee for R ussian RefugeesCONSTANTINOPLE.

A p p l ic a t io n N o

P a s s p o r t N o

: C la ss : C la ss S e r i a l N o • D a te a p p l ic a t io n

E 'G 1 > " : Hil

2. BIRTHPLACE

4. Dale arrival in Constantinople

5. List here children under 16 years r

1) Name Sex

2) »

3) >

4) -■

6 List here all olhere r

LJ:_:(Pallier» name)

: Single, Married, Widower, Widow

/ living in Constantinople who w ill accompany applicant:

Age Birthplace (counlryonly)

i living in Constantinople who w ill accompany applicant:

Age Relation

en female children

university technical

7. Number who w ill accompany applicant: Women

children . Total family including applici

8. EDUCATION: primary gymnasium

wise state here

9. LANGUAGES: speaks

writes

10. OCCUPATION of applicant in: 1911

11. OCCUPATION during Great War

12 LAST OCCUPATION In Constantinople from

Wages received : Name and address of employer

Money saved

13. WORK preferred in America

14. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OP RELATIVES OR FRItNDS IN AMERICA:

Relation.

Relation

Relation

1ft Has applicant now a visa for America for any other country if so state:

if other

S ig n a tu r e o f a p p l ic a n t S ig n a tu r e o f re c o rd e r

Exam iners Questionnaire.

C a re fu l luy r e a d th e a p p l i c a n t s p e r so n a l h i s t o r y on th e r eve rse .

I. Physical appearance; Satisfactory

If unsatisfactory give nature of disability

unsatisfactory

2 Education:fair—primary

good gymnasium

excellent— university or technical

3. Dependents: Do numbers indicate a handicap in earning a living?

Distinguish between minors soon to become self-supporting and adult dependents.

4. Has any member other than the head of family earning ability ? Stale character of employment

possible what language does tills member speak?

5. Occupation: What work is applicant best fitted for? In answering this question consider first physical

ability to pursue a particular class of employment, second mental ability or skill; third chances of se­

curing and holding the pariicular work contemplated; forth number of persons dependent upon

applicant for support. List class of work in order of fitness.

6, Money: How much will applicant have on arrival?

7. Remarks:

8 Recommendation: In view of all factors do you unqualifiedly recommend applicant as Ihc type of alien

America should admit? Check

Yes Suspend Reject

BEST FITTED FOR: R E M A R K S :

N a m e o f e x a m i n e r:

A N N E X 2.

D is a s te r R e l ie f C om m ittee fo r R u s s ia n R e fugeesCONSTANTINOPLE.

Voucher No.

0 0 ' A pplica tion

I................. JSsàSèS.p ledge m y word o f honor tha t m y deposit fee represen ts a ll tha t I am able

to contribute a t this tim e tow ard the cost o f m y evacua tion or tha t o f my

fam ily and I agree tha t in consideration o f the p a ym en t o f the balance

n ecessa ry in m y b e h a lf I w ill p a y to the order o f R uss ian R e fu g ee R e lie f

S o c ie ty o f A m er ic a Inc., 3 5 0 W es t 87th S tre e t N ew York City the sum

o f S (..........................................................................................dollars) represen ting the

sum expended over and above the am ount o f m y deposit fe e by the D i­

sa ste r R e l ie f C om m ittee for R ussian R e fu g ee s in C onstan tinop le in my

b eh a lf or tha t o f m y fam ily; tha t I will do all in m y pow er to pay the above

sum in partia l paym en ts from tim e to tim e and com ple te the w hole p a y ­

m en t oe or before J u ly I, 192k with the unders tand ing that the m oney so

returned by m e will be used as a revo lving fund for the further relief o f

m y fellow R u ss ia n re fugees particu larly the invalids and those who h a ve

had no opportunity to becom e self-supporting.

.NOTE: P lease keep the Russian R efugee Relief Soc ie ty 350 W est 87Hi S tree t N ew York City inform ed of y o u r ad d re ss and of a n y c h a n g e s . In all c o re spondence g ive y o u r voucher an d application n u m b e r a s g iven at the top of th is sheet.

n e p e B O f l ' b c i » A m - J i i M O K a r o :

51, HHwenofl riMcaBwiM Csi , c h m b o ô s i s y i o c b necTH biM ’b c / i o b o m t i , h t o B n e c e H H a s

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y p e r y / m p o B a m a M o e r o c n e r a n o ô f la y r o c b yn /ia T H T b n o r p e 6 o B a n i io K o M H t e r a F Io m o ih h p y c -

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mecTB OB aH lr o .

llo d n u cb ..........

MPHMIiMAHlE: llpociiMb HantmaTb Komnen» Nomoiuh pyccKiim. M.iweimaM'i,— 35(1 W e s t 87 th S t re e t N ew - Y o rk C i ty —o6’b iiaMlineiiiii liam ero a jpeca 11 o upomix'b iiep iM im m .. Hpii bchkiixi mici.Menhi.ixi. coofiuieniiixx yKasup.aflre As Uaiucfl rapain iii >i oupocnaro jincra x a x i to yxaaaHo Bwuie.

Telephone-Pera 2915, Cablegrams-A MCROSS Mall-csre of American Embassy.

EXECUTIVE CON

Rear-Adntirnl Mark L. Bril Mrs. Mark L Bristol Mrs. Foster Stearns.Miss. Anna Mitchell.MUs Alma Ruggles.Miss Beatrice Hodge.Thomas Whittemore.Ernest Heddon.Lt.-Commdr. H. G. Sandlin.C. Ciaflln Davis.Arthur C. Ringland.

COOPERATING WITH.

League of Nations.American Red Cross.American Relief Administration.Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund.Russian Refugee Relief Society Inc., of New-Yorl.Boston Emergency Fund for Russian Refugees. Washington Relief Committee for Russian Refugees: Committee for Rescue and Education of Russian Youtl. Christian Science Relief Committee.Young Men's Christian Association.Young Women's Christian Association

DISASTP.H KB1.1EF CO M M ITTEE FOR R USSIA N R E F U Q E E S

Chalrmt (date)

COPY jL etter N um ber

A pp lica tion N um ber

{Family name) (First name) (Father's name)

The Secretary,

Russian R e fu g ee R e l ie f S o c ie ty o f A m er ic a n Inc.,

3 5 0 W e s / 87 th S tree t, Neu>- York City.

S ir :

W e h a v e the honor to com m end to the p ro tec tion o f your S o c ie ty the above

nam ed R uss ian re fugee ev acua ted from C onstan tinop le under the ausp ices o f this

Com m ittee. The or ig ina l o f th is le tter toge ther w ith com ple te p er so n a l h istory and

pho tographs are forw arded to you under sep a ra te cover.

Very respectfully,

M A R K L. B R IS T O L .

R e a r-A d m ira l U. S . N., C hairm an,

D isaster R e l ie f C om m ittee fo r R uss ian R e fuge

C ' t ' C t iE N H E I M E - P . U N T E R M Y E R & M A R S H A L L

1 2 0 B r o a d w a y . N e w Y o r k

^ S Q I S T

SARAHAO LAKE, N. Y. July IB, 1923. \

VDear Mr. S o h lea in g er:

I am in r e c e i p t o f yours o f the 12th i n a t .

and have g iven i t and i t s e n c lo s u re s c a r e f u l th o u g h t . D eal­

ing w ith the s u b je c t from a p r a c t i c a l s ta n d p o in t a t r e ­

mendous problem i s p re s e n te d , th a t of p ro v id in g f o r ja

• m i l l i o n R ussian re fu g e e s , who cannot be , or do no t d e s i r e

to be r e p a t r i a t e d in t h e i r n a t iv e la n d , who cannot find

employment in Germany and whose eyes a re d i r e c te d to the

United S t a t e s . Assuming them to he possessed of the

m enta l, m oral and p h y s ic a l q u a l i f i c a t io n s re q u ire d by our

immigration law s, so long a s the quota p r in c ip l e c o n s t i t ­

u te s p a r t of our l e g i s l a t i o n t h e i r adm ission w ith in our

g a te s i s im p o ssib le . A d m in is tra tiv e r e l i e f i s ou t of

the q u e s t io n . Our s t a t u t e s do n o t co n fe r d is c r e t io n a r y

powers upon any of the departm ents of the Government which

would enab le them to ignore the quota r u l e . The most p a in ­

f u l p re c ed e n ts serve to dem onstra te t h a t an i ro n ru le of

e x c lu s io n has been e s ta b l i s h e d . The r i g i d i t y of i t s en­

forcem ent i s c o n s ta n t ly in c re a s in g . The on ly avenue through

which r e l i e f can l e g a l ly be accomplished i s th a t of Con­

g re s s io n a l l e g i s l a t i o n . F a r from ev in c in g a tendency toward

r e la x in g the e x i s t in g ha rshness o f tlie r u l e , the in d ic a t io n s

a re t h a t th e re may be a re d u c t io n of the pe rcen tage of

ad m iss ib le a l i e n s to 1$ or 2$ o f those who in 1890 had been

adm itted from the la n d s of the s e v e r a l n a t io n a l immigrant

g roups . Even the f a c t th a t American in d u s t ry s o re ly needs

an in c re a se of e f f i c i e n t and in d u s t r io u s workmen, th e re seems

to be a b l in d y e t in c re a s in g p re ju d ic e a g a in s t a l l immigrants

and e s p e c i a l l y those who come from E a s te rn and Southern

Europe. Should the p la n s which you have o u t l in e d re c e iv e

p u b l i c i t y , the su g g es t io n t h a t a j l U l o n guaslan r e f u g e e s , i now in Germany, a re s ee k in g adm ission in to the U nited

S t a t e s , ( to say n o th in g o f those now i n R ussia who e n t e r t a i n

the sane hope 1, I would no t be s u rp r i s e d i f adverse p u b lic

o p in ion would be a roused to su ch an e x te n t a s t o p r o h ib i t

im m igration a l t o g e th e r . There a re s e c t io n s o f the United

S ta te s in which such l e g i s l a t i o n would be exceed ing ly popu­

l a r and th e re a re many la b o r and o th e r o rg a n iz a t io n s which

would s t ro n g ly a g i t a t e e i t h e r f o r a p o l ic y of t o t a l e x ­

c lu s io n , or f o r the s u sp e n s io n of im m igration f o r a te rm of

y e a r s . I have appeared freçp ien tly b e fo re the Committees

on Im m igra tion of the Senate and House of H e p re s e n ta t iv e s ,

and can a ssu re you th a t the mere in t im a t io n of such a

p o l ic y a s you have o u t l in e d , in so f a r as i t looks to a

l i b e r a l i z a t i o n of our im m igration laws i n and of R ussian

e m ig re s , now in Germany, would lead to the slamming o f our

/ ' - 3 -

d o o ra i n th e f a c e s o f a l l who s e e k a d m is s i o n , however m e r i ­

t o r i o u s th e y may b e . F o r y e a r s I have a d v o c a te d an a n t i -

r e s t r i o t i o n i s t p o l i c y . I h av e , h o w ev e r , to my g r e a t so rrow ,

w i tn e s s e d a g row ing t i g h t e n i n g o f the l i n e s , an i n c r e a s i n g

d i s t r u s t o f a l l f o r s i g n e r s , and a n o t a b l e j e a lo u s y o f e v e r y ­

t h i n g E u ro p e a n . There i s no need t o d i s c u s s t h e r e a s o n s *

They a r e m a n ifo ld . Of c o u r s e , t h e y a r e u n s o u n d . They

a r e s t u p i d l y c h a u v i n i s t i c . They a r e unA m erican . They

t o t a l l y ig n o re th e f a c t t h a t i n l a r g e m easure o u r n a t i o n a l

p r o s p e r i t y i s due to o u r im m ig ra n ts and t h e i r d e s c e n d a n t s .

The s a i d f a c t r e m a in s t h a t what I have s a id i s o n ly too t r u e .

My a d v i c e , t h e r e f o r e , i s e m p h a t i c a l l y : Under

no c i r o u m s ta n o e s sho u ld any a t t e m p t be made to s e e k a m odi­

f i c a t i o n o f our law s which w i l l e n a b le th e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s ,

now i n Germany, to be a d m i t t e d i n d i s r e g a r d o f th e q u o ta

r e g u l a t i o n s . F u r th e rm o re any a g i t a t i o n a t t r i b u t e d to th e

League o f N a t i o n s , o r by any f o r e i g n o r g a n i z a t i o n , even

th o u g h i t be co n d u c te d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f so humane and

u n i v e r s a l l y r e s p e c t e d a p e r s o n a g e a s D r. H ansen , would be

c e r t a i n to d e s t r o y e v e ry v e s t i g e o f a ch a nce to b r in g ab o u t

an im m edia te l i b e r a l i z a t i o n o f ou r im m ig ra t io n p o l i c y .

/tv ia « f That c a n o n ly be ac c o m p l is h e d a s a r e s u l t o f .American i n i -

/V' f A\ t i a t i v e i n th e i n t e r e s t o f ou r own economic n e c e s s i t i e s and

! s p o n so re d by A m erican b u s in e s s men and t r u s t e d l e a d e r s o f V

J a «-/ v-vV* (- vA r o ‘ .V_, w f f"

v

- 4-

p u b lic o p in io n .

I might p ro p e r ly end my l e t t e r a t t h i s p o in t . But

th e re a re e x p re ss io n s in your l e t t e r , or r a t h e r in i t s

annexes which shook me and on which I f e e l in du ty bound

to comment. They a re those which a re to the e f f e c t

t h a t the ve iy p e rso n s f o r whom you a re seek ing the oppor­

tu n i ty to e n t e r America a re consumed w ith a s t ro n g f e e l in g

of h o s t i l i t y a g a in s t the Jews in g e n e r a l , and w ith h a tre d

a g a i n s t the R u ss ia l Jews in p a r t i c u l a r , whom th e y ig ­

n o ra n t ly o r w i l f u l ly hold r e s p o n s ib le f o r the continuance

of the S o v ie t reg im e . They inc lude a s you say , Russians

who fough t i n th e D eniken , Kolchak, Y urden itoh , Wrangel

"and o th e r w hite arm ies'’ and , t h e r e f o r e , p resum ptive ly

p a r t i c i p a n t s in the b loody pogroms which c o s t th e l i v e s

of more than 200,000 innocen t Jew ish , men, women and c h i ld re n

i n the U kra ine . You say t h a t th e s e men "are unable to

e m ig ra te to America on account of the R ussian immigrant

quota being e n t i r e l y taken up w ith R ussian Jew s." Where

do you ge t your f a c t s ? I know th a t some of th ese em igres

a re now t o r e , and a re engaged in a de term ined e f f o r t to

s t i r up h a tred a g a in s t t i e Jews and in c i r c u l â t ing the

most abominable fa ls e h o o d s a g a in s t them.

Perm it me to say t h a t so long a s th e y e n t e r t a i n

th e se v iew s, which I am c o n f id e n t you do no t s h a r e , so

long w i l l th e y be u n f i t to become a p a r t of the American

- 5 -

p e o p l e . H a t r e d , p r e j u d i c e , i n t o l e r a n c e and t h e s p i r i t

w h ich s e t i n m o t io n th e b l o o d i e s t pogrom s i n h i s t o r y , a r e

c o m m o d i t ie s , f o r which o u r b e lo v e d c o u n t r y h as no u s e .

L e t them re m a in where th e y now a b i d e and w here I am s o r r y

t o s a y th e y a r e sow ing th e s e e d o f d e s t r u c t i o n . A m erica

a t l e a s t s h o u ld q u a r a n t i n e h e r s e l f a g a i n s t th e i n t r o d u c t i o n

o f su ch p e s t i l e n t i a l p e r s o n s .^ /™ ' 'j *>»•>")

C o r d i a l l y y o u r s .

Mr. M o r r is S o h l e s i n g e r , o /o L ’A c t i o n du*- D r . H ansen , 1 M ad ison A venue ,Hew Y ork C i t y .

Ju ly 12, 102Û»

ÿfy i ’ax Mr. M irsh a llï

A etit » rery w e indeed for l'eor klrri le t 1er of the lo th . I '.vas ju s t en tun p o in t cf ..•ri.tir-; on a t y tr jr oow .tr/ pl&o», the addr<%ae o f w. Adh :ïr. U ntcr:.fl/ur gave me.

I «mit» r e r t l io th a t « ♦ t e t t e r « h t * t r l i y e W te the United M riM I s . on M'O L .t » r » e $ 1 ! " ’■ » « ra L-.u, a ver» to l lc n te one, t i w » 1 hevo nee» lr :j,e t .re»-j tl.i.t . ra iito r o f »>•; lr-t n f H M » * > V L idive.to litiiie « w n tÿ i

. ; • v tiJ.ka ■. i. <- /■ ' ith 1‘tuiuc

M k « £ d i * ? T Ü m a > » r arid v i t h'tcl «• w t either e e w «

•er!.. , c-r-: .>«« - i - ' v -V. » ,Æ t» Æ M :» (o r ta«Baeelen refageee row In OeaiesBy no oemo te -the- : itted S tetoe.

Zh.’. Kttneen ta , of OGuree, in te re s te d In s-~ree . te e , of V.o Baeelan rm'ugee

f Y . 3ie !le, Ion ie r ts h fefhgew "Ae ar« new I ’: W r t aial IMu.nl» a r t «hewiHflt 1 .. vOl t*-C '3 UC iu' trlOi3*

a. B » Bue la a refugees «fie r re not in Sernany an» "1» w tA to ooie to t i e e * W rV-.te., L „ V tk - l w e l 1.7 .U ff io - '. t Ibx itlo n or the I to e rmai.'imt in Serroanyj .

... » , 3 . .4 » . «I**»»» b r l K i p . l . y «ieteH aetoa»»") * « < #•«*> toauamtv « » «*» * l< h k * * » * " v * *> ’ • CT'4 e lte tiM ntiLu.t I'JreujJi t e Jo in t B lt tr l" . sior Ceir.-i»tie», nyeu. know.le rO ïT O , y. »•„ e w u t l a . la : * a t « ira . » to.-.tive «r .« ,-t : U t t » « e tlen « e tDO toke.i UY 1.» ...ltv a Otat=« Sovermeut to r e m i t tooaa ..eoplo to eu.» to th e U nite!- H t-ten under e i t h e r t . e E aee ian t «ruotà. o r, -perh&i-e, theGenrrtn i n - i f r a n t -aot*,, e in c* tuu? of ti em >.»ve been roaS den ts o f Germanyv i r t u a l l y ten y o n re , now. For Oreop 3 . Dr. Vnao-. rte.-.irar., i f p o s .- i tu a , to IntarLiRu 30« e o f th*» AKWioar. a itl e s p w ia l ly th e Jow l ah o rç a n i j^ t io n a 1 the p la n f o r a M e n la a 'u n iv e r s ity i n B e r l in which in o u t lin e d in the en c lo sed ^ n o - remdonu

I ;v.vo p rep a red two awmoraad» n6tidh î #® *8 1 hurew lllie I h s t Ijam a-akins o f your k ln ln e s e l a .-idvice n,e to how to prooen-i. .»ith th ese rnutfcera w it; ra id I I hi-vo b een eAarged by B r. Nmiewn (1) r* to a rrm ^e rro n te f o r the la , l ib r a t io n o f -sane o f t e se Bus slsui ra fv ç a e e from flem iny to tlte U n ited S ta te b and ( 2 ) ati to jo c u rin g fu id e f o r the e d u c a tio ru l /o rk p lanned by D r. a,sen f o r tîx6 Bu^sliin refu^iees.

I have had the pleasure of oonaiilting, so fa r, Mr. Polk, Mr. Un.termey»ft Mr. Oacar Strans, Mr. W&rtmrg and Mr. Henry Morgen ttisu, a l l of when liaie been teenly in ton* a ted in both projeeta, but alJ! of vihom te ll me that the one man r*1® oar\ beet adviee me aa to how to proceed Is youraelf. I am therefore haveing recoures to your good nature to aek you to giro me your counsel as to what, concretely, I should do.

With thanks for your pleaoant le t te r , believe me Tours sincorely,

eoE^i^.nTi.nL àteAPBAHDPM

one m i l l io n T.vteslanThe a p p ro x im ate ly one million T.vtsslan re fu g e e s now In fiermany

1 . R efugees who would w i l l i n g l y r e tu r n to R u ss ia , b u t who w ill

n o t be g ran ted p e rm iss io n to do eo by th e S o v ie t G overnm ent

( a ) on p o l i t i c a l grounds

( b) b ecause th ey have no means o f s u p p o r t tihek they a r r iv e

in R u ss ia .

2 . Refugees who have some means who, f o r p e rs o n a l o r p o l i t i c a l

re a s o n s , do n o t wish to r e tu r n t o R u ss ia , b u t do wish So

e m ig ra te to m erlon . T h is i s c h ie f ly th e working c la s s .

8 . Refugees who, f o r p o l i t i c a l re a s o n s , wish to retra in in Ger­

many, a s they cannot r e t u r n to R ussia and have no connec­

t i o n s in o th e r f o r e ig n c o u n t r i e s . Title i s e s p e c ia l ly so

w ith t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l c l a s s .

So f a r a s Group 1 i s concerned , no American a id i s in question

a s fo r Group 2 , on tfce- accoun t o f th e f a c t th a t t h e R ussian immigration

^ quota i s a lw ays e x h au s te d , and t h a t t h i s s i t u a t i o n can sc a rc e ly be a l ­t e r e d w ith o u t a d m in i s t r a t iv e o r pe rhaps even l e g i s l a t i v e a c t io n , c e r ta in

to I n t e r e s t some o f th e American r e l i e f o rg a n iz a t io n s o r pe rso n s in teem.

a) R ussian p r i s o n e r s o f war o r in te rn e d c i v i l i a n s who were

u nab le t o r e tu r n t o R ussia on accoun t o f th e war;

(b ) R uss ians w o f l e d from R ussia a f t e r th e S ov ie t re v o lu tio n

( o) R ussians who fough t in th e D en ik in , Y udenitoh , rangel

o r o th e r h i t e a rm ies ;

( d) R ussians who hi d r e s id e d o r f l e d to o th e r European coun­

t r i e s but have ootae to Germany because of the cheaper

may be d iv id ed in to t h r e e g ro u p s :

r e l i e f would seem in o rd e r , v lth re s p o o t t o G r o u p s , I hope to be dble

The t h i r d g roup , which

in g problem , c o n s i s t s o f

rtit cfc- p re s e n t s th e most p re s s -

l i v i n g c o s t s .

( l ) f i u i U n p r o f e s s o r s and i n t e l l e c t u a l s who >* v e b een d e p o r t ­

ed from R u ss ia a g a in s t t h e i r w i l l and a e o e p te d by Germany,

The u n d e le ig n e d h as und ertaken t h l e work ow ing to h ie e s ­

p e c i a l i n t e r e s t t h e r e in b ecau se:

1* Ae C onsu l G eneral in ch a rg e o f R u ssian a f f a i r s a t t h e Ger­

man f o r e ig n o f f i c e , h e h a s been in s tr u m e n ta l in a l l isueso-

Oerman m att er e f o r some t im e;

2 . As d e le g a t e o f th e German Red C ross M iss io n t o R u ss ia he

o r g a n is e d th e work o f t h e German Red C rose t h e r e .

8 . when th e League o f N a t io n s u n d ertook th e m a tte r o f f in d in g

a s o lu t io n o f th e q u e s t io n a r i s i n g from t h e p r e s e n c e o f s o

maiyr R u ss ia n r e f u g e e s in Germany, th e u n d ersign ed was de ­

s ig n a te d by H igh C om m issioner Dr# F r i d t j o f Man s e n . o f Ih e

le a g u e o f R a t io n s , t o v i s i t .-imeriea w ith a v ie w t o r e a c h - _

in g some s o lu t io n of t h l e m a tte r .

The p o l i t i c a l and co m m erc ia l a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e Germans In

R u e s ie a r e lo o k e d upon w ith t h e g r a v e s t s u s p i o i l o n by t h e R u s s ia n r e ­

f u g e e s , a s i s a l s o I r . H a n s e n 's w o rk f o r r e l i e f in R u s s i a , a s th e y a r e

o f t h e o p in io n t h a t , ^ t h r o u g h a c t i v i t i e s o f t h i s s o r t \tax2F t h e S o v ie t

G overnm ent in R u s s i a i s r e n d e re d more s e c u r e and e n d u r i n g .

T h i s memorandum el 11 n o t e n t e r i n t o t h e q u e s t i o n o f w h e th e r

t h i s i s . o r i s n o t , a f a l s e p o i n t o f v i e w , n o r how lo n g t h e .s o v ie t Gov­

e rn m en t can o r c a n n o t l a s t . The memorandum m e re ly t a k e s a s i t s p o i n t

o f d e p a r t u r e t h e f a c t t h a t ç w h e th e r r i g h t l y o r w ro n g ly , t h e R u s s ia n

r e f u g e e s i n Germany, f o r t h e m ost p a r t , h o ld f i r s t , t h a t t h e R u ss ian

Jews a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e f o u n d a t io n o f t h e s o v i e t r e g i m e , and s e c o n d ,

t h a t th e Germans a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i t s c o n t in u a n c e b e c a u s e th e y h av e

made a t r e a t y w i th s o v i e t l . u s s i a .

The h o s t i l i t y o f the Russian emmigrant toward the Russian Jew

and eo in a measure toward a l l Jews, hae been e s p ec ia lly influenced by

the fa c t o f th e i r success in ob ta in ing good l iv in g conditions in o ther

co u n tr ie s . The o th er eamigrants from Russia now believe th e ir ohanee

i e in America, but a re unable to do eo, an they have no t

the connections and a lso the Russian Jews take up almost the e n t i r e im­

migrant quota,

these fa c ta and signs o f th rea ten ing pogroms in Russia ag a in s t

Jews remaining th e re , a re the reaeon th a t the xmdersigned has been

asked by then in h is capac ity ae re p re se n ta tiv e of the League o f nations

fo r Russian refugees to do everyth ing in h is power to minimise as much

as poss ib le th i s h o s t i l i t y to the Jews.

On th e German side means a re sought to meet t h i s question by

f re e ly g ran ting a r ig h t o f asylum, so ae to enable the Russian emmigrants

to gain a l iv l ih o o d . And a l l th i s in s|>ite o f the f a c t th a t th e in flu x

o f almost a m illio n Russian Refugee» might mean a t e r r i b l e r i s k in cese

of a sudden s t a te o f unemployment th a t Germany may find h e r s e lf in .

Germane have taken a number o f Russian p ro fesso rs and have

founded a l i t t l e Russian u n iv e rs i ty in Berlin so ae to give th e many

Russian s tuden ts in Vermany the means of completing th e i r s tu d ie s . This

un iv e ra ity i s under the leadersh ip of Rusai an p ro fesso rs and, the pres­

en t sem ester, hae an enrollm ent o f 600 s tu d e n ts , 30$ o f whom are Jewe»

Th«©r have a lso founded studen t homes and schools and Rimilar in s t i tu t io n s

for the education o f Russian young people without means.

Apart from the fa o t th a t the younger Russian generation in

fo re ign lands , i f brought up and taught in e s se n tia l t ra d e s , w i l l be

c a lle d upon to co n tr ib u te to the reco n stru c tio n of R ussia, Dr. Hansen

b e liev es th a t he i e only ju s t i f i e d to accept help fo r a work th a t

promises to b ring r e s u l t s fo r the fu tu re . The very heavy eost of be-

ginn ing th is w»Uc on broad l in e» have been borne by Germany, but under

present condit ions the cost o f maintenance cannot be bo** » and i t hea

been thought beet to attempt t o in t e r e s t American organ ization s in i t .

This i e o f b e n e f it to and in the in t e r e s t o f the Bussian ev/2 ,

as i t i s not only an in d ir e c t help fo r them but i e , a t the same tim e,

a oonetant anewer to th e c r i t ic is m from fio f lr i trg sources that th e Jew­

is h r e l i e f organ iza tion s were doing r e l i e f work among Jews only# Large

donaticne fo r general r e l i e f not s p e c i f i c a l l y Jewish, g ivey by Jewish

r e l i e f organ ization s Xfi are u su a lly quickly fo rg o tten .

Should some o f the American Jewish organ isations or in d iv id u a ls

be In a p o s it io n or w i l l in g to contr ibu te to th i s work o f Dr* Hansen

the undersigned i s authorised to s t a t e on the part o f the German author­

i t i e s th a t Germany w i l l continue to g iv e a l l p o ss ib le f a c i l i t i e s end

t h a t l f d e s ired ,th e sch ools or u n iv e r s i t i e s s h a l l bear the names o f te e

p a r ticu la r organ isa tion s or in d iv id u a ls who support i t . Dr, iïansen i s

a lso prepared to guarantee that no organ ization overhead w i l l be

ehargtid agt-inst any anas thus contributed , o s th i s part o f the expense

w i l l be paid by the Lea${ge o f n a t io n s .

I t may b e added that the co st o f tu i t io n and maintenance o f

one student i s very l i t t l e , an* i t l e hoped that the eun o f *60 0 0 0 .oc

can be ge t fromPtfcar In thy United S ta te e to care for a l l the expenses

o f some 1200 students for one year.

This I s » work that cannot f a i l to have i t s far reaching In -

t iu eo o e on the fu tu re , and Dr, Hansen hopes very c lncere là th at i t w i l l

be supported In the United Utatee,

S - \/V lA X .

)0i\

u @ ie t L>eoond, 1 9 2 3 .

. , Z ^ XBe i r ‘“T. M a r e h i l l ,

P l e a e e b e l i e v e t h i t I a p p r e c ia te , - r e a t ly y o u r k ind

l e t t e r o f the 1 5 th u l t o , which u n f o r tu n a te ly 1 h ere been u n -

Jb le to answer « o n e r , i . 1 -1= not w r i t e S n f l l le h and am depen­

dent upon a t r a n s l a t o r . P i r e t o f 4 1 perm it me to a s cure you

t h a t I v a lu e h ig h ly th e o p p o r tu n ity to co m m it you on a o u ee -

t l o n which so j u s t l y demande o e r lo u e c o n t e n t i o n b y U 1 J . « .

h owever. 1 . « e t e o n . i » r i t a l o s s f o r me p e r e o n a l ly ®d fo r

o u r c a . e e , th i t I t h « b een im p o e e lb le f o r m e to meet y o u . f o r

1 b e l i e v e th i t you would soon have re a l l i e d , t h i t th e o i roum-

o t m c e e . on jrhioh you r e f l e c t most sh a r p ly In you r l e t t e r , are

the ve ry re ison o f «V t r i p to oneriOA,

In o r te r th *t you raty read t h i s meimr in the sv isf tt

In which I t 13 w r i t t e n , l e t ne s t a t e tl-few p a r t i c u l a r s * o u t

i t s e l f . 1 am a Jew , who n o t o n ly through h i e o f f i c i a l p o s i t i o n ,

b u t a l s o in ray p e r s o n a l l i f e have b een c l o s e l y con n ected w ith

a l l q u e s t i o n s p e r t U n ln n to t h e Jewdora o f the K d t . oven t h o u * —

in t h . i n t e r e s t o f th . = « - 1 h .vo .v o id ed m b l i c i t y u. m o h

* p o s s i b l e . Uy Wife i s a H usslan J e w e s s , whose r e l a t i v e , we-e

— fi—

vlott tbs o f th e pogroms in the Ukraine as w e ll as the Russian famines.

In r i s w o f the f a o t t h a t du r in g the p a s t ten ye ars I have become

acquainted w ith a l l the h o r r o r s o f Inman s u f f e r i n g , I have n a t u r a l ­

ly given y o u r l e t t e r the mo a t e a r n e s t a t t e n t i o n .

There seems to he no doubt t h a t you have in p a r t m is­

construed the memoranda s e n t you. There a re reasonable grounds fo r

t h i s : - f i r s t , as I do n o t w r i t e S n g l i sh , 2 was compelled to send

you a t r a n s l a t i o n o f rty ar&iment, In eepeÊAMering t h i s t r a n s l a ­

t i o n i t has been found, t h a t even though t h i s covers the Oerman o-

r i g i n a l i n p r i n c i p l e , y e t a e r t a in p o in t s have been d i s t o r t e d and

given a shade o f meaning which might be i r r i t a t i n g . Secondly, owing

to my co n s ta n t connection w ith t h i s m a t te r , I should no t have assumed

th a t you would know a l l the f a c t s , which j u s t i f y me. n<M=ttion. I

s h a l l endeavor to c l e a r up these m a t te r s , by s u b m it t in g to you a new

t r a n s l a t i o n md by the fo l lo w in g .

When I s t a t e d in my l e t t e r t h a t we are i n t e r e s t e d in

the Hie elan Jews, who mu a t leave Poland and ^oumania, i t i s because

a l l these unfo tun ate Jews, banished from these la n d s and unable to

reach oversea s c o u n t r ie s , t i y to e n t e r Oerraany. 1 assume i t to be

well known, t h a t d u r in g the p i s t f iv e y e a r s , an enonnoua number o f

fkiasian Jews have found an asylum in Germany and t h a t t h i s f a o t has

given grounds f o r severe c r i t i c i s m o f tlie p re s e n t Oerman Government,

by va rio u s p a r t i e s , even from such who have n o t engaged in these

de n u no ia tions from a n t i semi t i c grounds. When e a r ly th i e y e a r , owing

to the banishm ent o f ftassian Jews from Poland anrt Houmania, a new

stream began to pou r i n to Germany, 1 was e n t r e a t e d on the one s ide

by the Government to d lv e a t t h i s f lo o d w ith the a id o f the League

o f N a tions md Implored on the o th e r hand by Jew ish e rganl s a t ions

,o induce the Government to idmlt e v e r g re i t e r numbers o f I t i s s ia n

Jews.

liy a t v in uoerioa h i# pro -an to n o , t h a t ttermen;y, pov*e r-

le e e po ll t i o - J l y jnd *11 b u t ru ined corarneroi i l l y , h is t i u l y t Jcen

c a r t o f theoe ik isslan refU,jBea most «Iraira b ly And c e r t i ln ly dese rves

i^rwat c r e d i t f o r h i v i n s g ran ted themethe r i g h t o f isylum a t a time

when hundred» o f thousands o f i-ennans h *ve been c iu e l ly d riv en from

t h e i r o'"n homes And deprived o f t h e i r ve ry e x i s t e n c e , a t a time when

the housing sh o rta g e i s more c r i t i c a l than f o r e ig n e r s can p o s s ib ly

conce ive . Turing ray presence here I trust e s t a b l i s h , no f a r as t h i s

e n t e r s the m e e t lo n , th i t i t i s a b so lu te ly Im possib le f o r Oemany to

locept any a d d i t io n a l ^ l s s i m re fu g e e s .

The second p o in t b f tflr p rev ious l e t t e r , which t r e a t s o f

euch 1*1 osi ms who wish to e m ig ra te from Semi my to <merlca, seems to

hive s t i r r e d you e s p e c i i l l y , bec^une you iseume t h i t imong those e -

m i j r e s a re inc luded c e r t a in e le toen ts who took p i r t in tiÆ infamous

c m e l t l o s a g a in s t ik tssi Jews in the Ukraine - jn e lem ent which

•ould tend to f u r th e r in t i s â m i t i c f e e l in g in the U nited S t a t e s . I

mjy be wrong, b u t i t seems to mo th it you impugn ray in t e e t l o n s ; th i t

you b e l ie v e ny o b je c t to ue the r e l i e f o f i n t i semitism in tie iminy i t

the expense o f unerioa .

T h is n u e s t lo n in i t s p re s e n t e t i.je d e se rv es con s ide n t i on

from i Jew ish s ta n d p o in t on ly in so f a r th i t the e m ig ra tio n o f Ive ­

s ia n re f ti ,gees from (iem iry to the U nited S ta te s w i l l ex h au s t more

qu iok ly the I t i s s l m Quota, which i s u n d e s i r a b le in 'dow o f the f a c t

th i t m-iny o f the ffeseian Jews banished from Poland .«d Roununl-* a lso

wish to come to «aerioa . I t i s f o r t h i s re ison th i t 1 tdked you r

op in io n In the m a t te r . When 1 a s s e r te d In i ry memo r mdum t h i t a l a -,jo

p a r t o f th e R i a s i a n r e f u g e e s p l a n e t o e m ig r a t e t o A a f r l o a , I

c a l l e d a t t e n t i e n a t t h e same tim e to th e number o f H i s s i a n s , who,

I r e p e a t , elnoe th e w ar have "been em ployed I n Germany a s m e chan ics»

s k i l l e d and u n s k i l l e d ; th e f o r m e r c a p a b le o f h ig h q u a l i t y woric-

m an eh lp — and who a r e w i t h o u t work ow ing to p r e s e n t e c o n om ic con­

d i t i o n s i n Germany. I n e g l e c t e d , ho w ever , t o p o i n t o u t t h a t theye

a r e a t m o s t I t ) , 000 to 2 0 ,000 who hJtve b e e n I n Germany more t h a n

f i v e y e a r # , and t h a t among th e a e a r e t h e r e f o r e n e i t h e r "w h ite *

a i a r d e " ( o f w h o m , f o r tu n a t e l y , t h e r e a re v e ry I n Germany) n o r p o l i ­

t i c a l m e d d le r s , t u t p r i n c i p a l l y R u s s i a n w orkingm en, w ar p r i s o n e r s ,

o r I n t e r n e d c i v i l i a n s who rem ain ed In Germany. Now, t h e r e f o r e ,

b ec au se th e s e p e o p le can n e i t h e r r e t u r n t o R i s e l a n n o r rem ain In

Gennany and f u r t h e r b e c a u s e s u ch s k i l l e d l a b o r I s n e e d ed I n the

U n i te d S t a t e s , i t h*d seemed to ma t h i t some e f f o r t m ig h t b e nude

t o i n c r e a s e th e f t i s e l a n q u o t a f o r th e b e n e f i t o f t h i s a p e c i a l

c o n t i n g e n t .

You a s k ,w h e re I g e t my in f o r m a t i o n , t h v t th e H i s s l a n

q u o ta i e i n g r e a t p a r t consumed b y R u s s i a n J ew s . I n u s t s a y , t h a t

t h i s argum ent h i s b e e n m a in t a in e d i n b o t h o f f i c i a l and p r i v a t e

c i r c l e s . I m ig h t a d d , t h a t 1 have bee n r e p r o iOhed - 1 t h th e f a c t

t h a t R u s s i a n s (n o n -J e w ia h ) , a r e n o t so w e l l a b l e to m ee t th e r e -

q u l r e m e n t s o f th e im er ic an I m m ig r a t io n s t a t u t e s , b ec au s e th e y n o t

o n ly l i c k fu n d s f o r t h e i r p a s s a g e * c r o a a , b u t a l s o f a i l l i e have

r e l a t i v e s o r c o n n e c t i o n s , w h ich R i s s i a n Jew s seem to comnand.

A l th o u g h I a n t i c i p a t e t h i t th e L e a » ie o f M a t i o n s , t h r u

th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f c l r o u m a ta n c e a i n C e n t r a l Europe - e a p e c i a l l y i n

Germany - w i l l be co m pe lled to n e g o t i a t e o f f i c i a l l y ( p o s s i b l y

a l s o w i t h th e A m erican G overnm ent) th e q u e a t i o n o f H ie s i a n r e f u ­

g e e s , I c o n s i d e r m y s e l f f o r t u n a t e i n b e i n g a b l e to s tu d y th e a l t u -

a t i e n h e re i t f i r o t h i n d , so is t o b e i n i p o s i t i o n t o i s s i t '’ r .

N in se n i n d e c i d i n g u p o n * o o u ro e o f a c t i o n , i n l i n e w i t h y o u r r e ­

c o m m e n d a tio n s . I w o u ld g re i t l y a p p r e c l i t e i f y o u w o u ld l e t me kn ow

who w o u ld be m o s t i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e l i n n i g r i t io n t o t h e U . 3 . o f t h e

c o n t in g e n t o f t t * a s i an me oh m i c e m e n t io n e d ib o v e , a nd who m ig h t b e

w i l l i n g t o f o l l o w u p t h i s m a t t e r ; a so i f y o u c o u ld s u p p ly me w i t h

p r o o f s , w h ic h w o u ld r e f u t e th e e t i t e m e n t t h a t t h e i t i s s l m (> uo ta i s

e x h a u s te d p r i n c i p a l l y b y H i s s i « J e w s .

Y o u r l e t t e r le a v e s no d o u b t t h i t y o u a re c o r r e c t l y i n ­

fo rm e d r* g i r d i n g t h o wave o f a n t i se ra i t i c f e e l i n g w h ic h h a s i t s in c e p ­

t i o n w i t h th e M i s s i tn e m ig re s i n t ie m a n y . T h is m akes i t f a r e i s i e r f t r

f o r me to i n t e r e c t y o u f o r th o t h i r d p o i n t o f n y l e t t e r - th e m a in ­

te n a n c e o f i f t * a s i an U n i v e r s i t y i n B e r l i n .

C o u n t in g o n y o u r g re it i n t e r e s t i n th e J e w is h r i c e , 1

h i v e p o in t e d o u t t o y o u f r e e l y w h e re t i e T fc ts o im i n t i s e m i t i s m i n

-Jerm any d ra w s i t s s t r e n g t h and *sk y n u r i s s i r ; ta n c e i n o u r f i g h t

i g a i n c t th e s e d i r k p o w e rs .

The c i t y o f m e r l i n , w h ic h h iX b o r s a lm o s t h a l f o f i l l t h e l t i B s i m p o l i t i c i l re fu g e e s i n Uorm ony - a p p r o x im a t e ly 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 - h i e , b y re is o n o f i t s c e n t r a l p o s i t i o n , become th o b i t t l e i i e l d f o r th e p o l i t i c i l b e l i e f s o f i l l th o d i f f e r e n t f a c t i o n s a n d g ro u p s o fKu s c i on E m ig r a n t s .

T i e a n t i - S e m i t i s m o f th e o e Hu s s i a n s h is b e e n c o n s id e r ­a b ly i n t e n a i f i e d b y t h e re is o no n e t f o r t h i n th e i t t i o h e d m em oran­dum . So g r e i t h ie t h i s f e e l i n g a g a in s t th e J e w s be c o r» i n Germany b e c w se o f t h e 1 i r g e i n f l u x o f H u s s i in Je w s m d th e p re s e n c e o f th er tu c c ia n « m l ( p r i n t s , t h a t i t h i s becom e i r e a l s o u rc e o f a la r m to t h eie r m in Je w e p e m i n e n t l y r e s i d i n g i n G erm any*

The c e n t r e o f t i l l s H i s a l i n m t i - S e m i t ie m l e t h e FUsbIub I n t e l l e c t u a l s tn d th e o f f i c i a s o f th e o l i r e g in » i n I f c o s i i who i r e n o v m i k in g i l e s n e r i t e f i g h t f o r t h e i r e x i s t e n c e . I t m ig h t a lm o s t a p p e a r as an a c t o f J u s t i c e t h i t t h e s e H i s s i u io s h o u ld now b e g o in g th r o u g h th e a vr*» e x p e r ie n c e s m d e n d u r in g t l ie a-uae e u f f e r l n :s t h vt th e y f o r m e r l y i n f l i c t e d on t t o l \ i s o i i n J e w s .

T h is c l m s o f I k io s i m e l a h o w e v e r v e ry u n l i k e l y t o e v e r>ee t h e i r o o u n t r y i g t l n , m d w i l l n o t h iv e t je o p p o r t u n i t y to I n ­d u lg e i n m y i n t i - s e m i t i c p e o p o g a n d a i n H u s s i i i t s e l f . ,.u t a new 1% :;- s i -r. O e n e r i t i o r i i s g r o w in g u p tn d t h i n new i> e n * r i t i o ! . w h e th e r j r o w -

i n g u p i n R u s s i a o r e l s e w h e re w i l l have t o d e t e r m in e t h e f a t e o f R u s s i a

The young R i s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s , l i v i n g i n R i s s i a , a r e con ­f i n e d e n t i r e l y t o t h e R i s s i a n u n i v e r s i t i e s . The E u rop ean u n i v e r s i t i e s w£U. n o t ad m it them as t h e y do n o t r e c o g n iz e d e g r e e s r e c e i v e d a t t h e N is ­e i an u n i v e r s i t i e s owing to t h e f a c t t h a t so many o f th e o l d t e ache r s have te e n s e n t o u t o f th e c o u n t r y and t h e i r p l a c e s have n o t b ee n f i l l e d by q u a l i f i e d men; and ow ing a l s o t h e th e f a c t t h a t th e y have b a s e d t h e i r e d u ­c a t i o n a l p r i n c i p l e s on c o n d i t i o n s w hich do n o t c o i n c id e w i t h t h e f u n d a ­m e n ta l c o n d i t i o n s w hich o t h e r c o u n t r i e s e x p e c t , and w hich g iv e a r i g h t o f a d m is s io n t o t h e i r u n i v e r s i t i e s .

T h i s y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n o u t s i d e R u s s i a , h o w ev er , a r e ve ry e a g e r to r e t u r n to R u s s i a even thou g h th e y know t h a t , u n d e r t h e e x i s t i n g o i rcum^ s t a n c e s , su ch a r e t u r n w i l l mean s e p a r a t i o n from t h e i r f a m i l i e s . I t i s a p p a r e n t , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t f o r t h e n e a r f u t u r e no R i s s i a n s t u d e n t s w i l l be i n a t t e n d a n c e a t E u ro p e a n u n i v e r s i t i e s . D r . N ansen, t h e r e f o r e , c o n s i d e r s i t o f g r e a t e s t im p o r ta n c e t h a t so l o n g a s t h e r e i s no o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e s e yo un g R u s s i a n s t o foim an y c u l t u r a l o r s c i e n t i f i c t i e s w i th Ri e e i a , some means m us t be found to e n a b le them t p u r s u e t h e i r s t u d i e s a t E u r o p e » u n i v e r s i t i e s . To t h i s end he i s t r y i n g to i n t e r e s t e v e r y o n e who i s con ­ce rn ed w i t h th e f u t u r e d eve lop m e n t o f R u s s i a .

P e r m i t me t o g i v e , a l s o , ray r e a s o n s t h i t A m erican J e w is h o r g a n i ­z a t i o n s and i n d i v i d u a l s s h o u ld be i n t e r e s t e d i n t h i s p r o j e c t .

W h a tever may b e t h e f u t u r e d eve lopm ent o f R u s s i a one t h i n g i s s u i e - th e Y o u th o f R u s s i a w i l l d e te rm in e i t and th e R u s s i a n J e w is h q u e s ­t i o n w i l l p la y an im p o r t a n t p a r t . I t seems l o g i c a l , t h e n , t h a t th e Jew­i s h p eo p le s h o u ld i n t e r e s t th e m s e lv e s i n th e e d u c a t i o n o f t h a t c l a s s o f R u s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s who w i l l have so d e c i s i v e an i n f l u e n c e i n s h ap in g R u s s i a n a f f a i r s and in d e t e r m i n i n g th e s t a t u s o f t h e J e w is h p e o p le i n Ru s s i a .

I do n o t w is h t o a p p e a r a s a f a n t a s t i c i d e a l i s t who b e l i e v e s t h a t by g i v i n g m a t e r i a l l i d t o t h e R u s s i a n i n t e l l e c t u a l s now th e Jews w i l l i n th e f u t u r e i n t h e i r g r a t i t u d e and c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r t h e i r r a c e , b u t I f e e l t h a t i t i s my d u ty t o show th e d a n g e ro u s co n s e q u e n c e s t h a t w i l l fo l l o w i f th e R i s s i a o f tom orrow w i l l have i n i t no i n t e l l e c t u a l c l a s s , t r a i n e d i n E u ro p e a n i n s t i t u t i o n s and h a v in g f ro m t h e i r t r a i n i n g a con ­c e p t io n o f th e J e w is h p ro b le m a s i t c o n f r o n t s R i s s i a .

I n R i s s i a new c o n d i t i o n s have b ee n c r e a t e d w h ich can a l s o iSriFlMwd t o a d v a n ta g e . They w i l l w ork hand i n hand w i t h t h i s p la n o f D r . N a n s e n 'a . By t a k i n g th e i n i t i a t i v e i n t h i s p ro b lem t h e R u s s i a n y o u th w i l l be g iv e n a more l i b e r a l view o f t h i n g s and w i l l be r e l e a s e d from th e n arrow and b i t t e r a tm o sph e re i n w hich most o f th e m a r e g ro w ing u p f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s .

These a r e th e f a c t s w hich I f e e l j u s t i f y mo i n coming to th e Jew s o f America to s e c u r e t h e i r h e l p i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a U n i v e r s i t y i n B e r l i n w h ich w i l l lo o k a f t e r some 1200 s t u d e n t s a y e a r . I n t h i s work I am a c t i n g i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t an o f f i c i a l m andate o f t h e H igh Co rani s - e j o n e r o f th e League o f N a t i o n s . W ha tever d e c i s i o n s th e A merican J e S -

th» Tienaiy Meeting o f tr.e ^ea#io tentoer 192 3)* .

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lg re p re s e n ta t iv e o f o r g a n i s a t i o n , w ith which you u . connected , o r p e r-

eona lly» o r in aw o ther w . a t i . f a c t o i y to you*

P U — b e l i e v e t h a t I o i n c . r e l y < • . » « « * * 1 am c o m p e l l .d

U « . t * » y o u , r e - t by t h l e c o r r e . p o n d . n o . ; * * * . » » . how

l n . x p r a e e l b l y e o r , y I am t h a t 1 . h a l l n o t h a , , th e h o n o r o f m o o t in g you

p e r e o n a l ty . - 1 » . t . a i l « * • » « « * «» W '

Very r e s p e c t f u l l y y o u tb .

p 8 . S in c e my a r r iv a l In N.w Y e * 1 L a m e d t h a t t u Emigrant

O r g a n i s a t io n . in P . r l . h m , » o u . . t . d the a l i . d » . v . r , » . » t . to »

c a l l Dr. Hansen, claiming th a t he I s sub jec t to Soviet an* Jewish

In fluence , Although th i s calumny h i s l e f t no Im pression, i t never-

th e - le s s in d ic a te s , how valu able i t i s to have the cause o f the ft»s*

sian refugees represented by a man l ik e Dr. Sanson, whose p e rso n a li ty

rnd s te r l in g r e fu ta t io n are a su re ty , th a t the a f f a i r e o f these üie»

e lans w il l not he used p o l i t i c a l l y hu t w i l l he confined to the ephawe

in which they belong - the g rsa t province o f H II M A K 1 T_ X. I t

apppears to me th * t the f a c t deserves the eep ee ia l a t te n t io n o f Jews.

r fir.

i r tA JOR JOHNSON.

With refarenoe to your query on Mr. Childs'

letter Bxl2 of the 28th September, please allow me

to say that only to-day I saw for the first time

file 45/20724/x including Mr. Childs' letter No. A.x/4 of

J the 18th June last.

In the said letter para. 7 (marked by me with

blue pencil) Mr. Childs states: "For this purpose I hare

allocated a sum of £3,600 - and of which £919.0.0. roughly has

already been spent." Mr, Childs does not state under which

authority and from which fund he allocated the said amount.

I find from my miiyii records that on the 30th

April last we asked Mr. Lodge to place at Mr. Childs' disposal

£5,000, i.e. as much as the final American Red Cross

contribution in respect of Russian Refugees in Constantinople.

I consequently believe that it is from this £5,000 ttet

Mr. Childs made the necessary allocation for evacuation to

America.

I should be greatly obliged for any information

you may be kind enough to furnish me with for our rpCords.

ra-‘

M

V o ) V

N°

A rg is M m e t lo te rn a t io n a l d e la P r e s se S. A.23, Rue du Rhône - GENÈVE

Adr. tclégr. : Coupures-Genève - Téléphone Stand 40-05

Bureau International de coupures de journaux.

Traductions de et en toutes langues.

7 *- v

A / * - -

C orrespondan ts à A m sterdam . Berlin, Bruxelles, Buenos-AIres, B udapes t, Christiania, Copenhague. L isbonne, Londres, Madrid, Milan, N ew -Y ork, Pa r is , R lo-de-Janeiro , Rom e, Stockholm . Tokio, Vienne.

fie' HBRALB. IA*H

2 D£crrer;------W S S IA ' l-3 MAY FIGHT

v IMMIGRATION QUOTA

(fizy gjfcciin Cable lo The Herald.) NK\V YOKK, Saturday. -Seventy-Iive

Russians w ill lu- deported to-day on T a \ e c board the Olympic as being in exoc^s «if

tlio quûta unless, a t the last' moment, T ar ii lialteas corpus proceedings are begun,

d 'avan i This is possible. as a Jew ish ilelega-tem ps tion has been lo Ottawa to seek permis-

sion tor the imm igrants to enter Ciuiady

J

rSOCIÉTÉ DES NOTIONS

^ 'in u T commissariat pourLES RtrUQIftS RUSSES

DÉLÉanrioN p o u r vhutricm c

ET Lfl HOMORIC

S O . 9 5 5 6 / B . 4 8 7 0

Vir.MME, I.. MOHER MHRKT W75V \

l e 3 0 mai 1924

Vc* ’ Ay S o c ié té des Rat ions ,

Haut-C ommi s s a r i a t pour l e s Réfugiés ,

G E N E V E .

Un r é f u g i é r u s s e nommé Aron ZATCHIWER

s ' e s t a d r e s s é à moi avec l a p r i e r a de l a i f a c i ­

l i t e r 1 ' émigrat ion aux E t a t s - U n i s . I l es t dé j à

en posse ss ion de l ' a f f i d a v i t e t du b i l l e t de

ba te au comprenant l e voyage par t e r r e jusqu -à

Hambourg,mais ne peut a c tu e l le m en t pas ob te n ir

de vi sum ,l a quote d ' e n t r é e pour l e s personnes

nées en Russie é t a n t dé j à dé pa ss ée pour c e t t e

Dans ces c o n d i t i o n s , j e vous s e r a i s

r e c o n n a i s s a n t de b ie n v o u l o i r me f a i r e sav o ir

s ' i l ex i s t e en t re l e Haut-Commissar ia t des a r ­

rangements spéci au x con cerna nt 1' immigrat ion des

r é f u g i é s ru s se s en dehors de l a quote prévue

pour le s personnes nées en Russi e .

En a t t e n d a n t v o t r e r é p o n s e , e t en

vous en rem erc ia n t à l ' a v a n c e , j e vous p r i e d '

agr éer l ' a s s u r a t u ^ d e ma haute c o n s id é r a t i o n

L

Haut-C ouimissariatVIENNE

J

4î)/aoa74./a.)a74.Oonfovo, lo 5 j u i n 192

1Oher ; om ilou r Reymond,

:n réponuo îi votre lettre no. 93B6/R.4870 en date

du 30 mal, par laquelle voue noun demandas do voue ful-

re auvolr bL lo liant Commlmmrlat bénéficie d'or.v.ngononts

opéoLaux relatifs b l'Immigration aux Btuts-î/nla de

réfugié» r.r üos en dehors de le. quote fixée pour lu

iuBBle, Je m'empreeee de voue Informer que lo Haut Oom-

mlu.;:.rlut n’a oonolu aucun arrangement h ou ujot.

Veuillez agréer, oher lionnlour Heymond, l'oxproe-

alon de rndii .ontimontü dévouée»

u t commliiourl'it lié fu i j lé o . /

• o n u le u r Henri :.ayrjonU,9, ohor harfct.

LEAG UE O F N A T IO N S .S O C I É T É D E S N A T IO N S . ________________

[ C e t t e fe u i l le e s t r e s e r v é e à l 'u s a g e d u R eg is try .] 1i * .

Section No. Document No.

24 x

L is te d e s P i e c e s C o n te n u e s .

Expéditeur. I Date

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SOCIETE DES NATIONS LEAGUE OF NATIONS

(Cette feuille est reservée à l’usage du Registry.)

1SECTION. SECTION No.

4*DOCUMENT No. DOSSIER No.

Liste des Pièces Contenues.

i ,M ^ c