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Vusshdm Fdm jm ^de D`rj-^rjouits 6>49

(Oastruithjm jg ^jtamthdc Kdreat)

_dfdssuk Mdvaao

KYi-HV 9ro

Dprhc-6>4?

Hmtrjouithjm

^dehstdm bds rhib d`rhiuctura pjtamthdc wbhib ijmsthtutas tba cdr`ast saitjr jg ijumtysaijmjky. Ht diijumts gjr

64 % jg @O^ dmo hs d prhkdry sjuria jg rdw kdtarhdc tj ojwmstradk hmoustry dmo tbaragjra ijmtrhfutas

sufstdmthdccy tj dehstdms axpjrts fashoas dfsjrfhm` kjra tbdm ?> % jg akpcjykamt. _ba axpjrts jg d`rhiuctura

prjouits dcc drjumo tba wjrco gatibas jvar 761khcchjm QY ojccdrs jg gjrah`m axibdm`a wbhib ijkas tj 64% jg

tjtdc gjrah`m axibdm`a adrmhm`s ijkhm` tbrju`b axpjrts.

^de-Vusshdm _rdoa Vacdthjm Bhstjry

^dehstdm's gjrkdc trdoa whtb Vusshd odtas fdie tj adrcy 8>s. _rdohthjmdccy ^dehstdm's trdoa wds wast iamtrhi dmo

Vusshd dcsj bdo hmfjumo trdoa whtbhm Ijkkjm wadctb jg hmoapamoamt stdtas. _ba oakhsa jg gjrkar Yjvhat

Qmhjm frju`bt d sbhgt hm Vusshdm axtarmdc jutcjje dgtar wbhib hts trdoa axpdmoao tj jutshoa wjrco. ^dehstdmh

axpjrtars dcsj idphtdchzao tba jpamhm` dmo astdfchsbao tbahr gjjtbjco. Phtb tba axpdmohm` aijmjky, hts idpdihty

fdsa hs jm rhsa.

^dehstdm dmo Vusshd bdo sjka khmjr trdoa ohsputas hm tba pdst hmicuohm`5

h) Vacuitdmia jm pdrt jg Vusshd tj sh`m G_D(Graa _rdoa D`raakamt)/^_D(^ragaramthdc _rdoaD`raakamt) ds Vusshd adrchar ijkkhttao tj sh`m ^_D ds prjpjsao fy @jvarmkamt jg ^dehstdm

dgtar sh`mhm` P_J fut cdtar ht oaichmao jm tba prataxt tbdt ht bds dcradoy amtarao hmtj IustjksQmhjm whtb Edzdebstdm dmo Facdrus,

hh) ^dehstdm dmo Vusshdm shoas bdva cjm` parshsthm` jvarcdpphm` icdhks d`dhmst adib jtbar dmo hmtba sdka vary ijmtaxt , Mdthjmdc Fdme jg ^dehstdm jm tba hmstruithjms jg `jvarmkamt jg

^dehstdm bdo tj graaza 4? khcchjm QY ojccdrs diijumt jwao tj Vusshdm stdta ijrpjrdthjms

Ds avhoamt grjk tba facjw _dfca axpjrts tj Vusshd mjt jmcy hmicuoa ijmvamthjmdc htaks fut kdreat hs jpamhm`

up gjr ghmhsbao prjouits chea spjrts, iutcary dmo cadtbar prjouits wbhib hs dm amijurd`hm` sh`m.

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16.?48

29.?

82.7674>1.010

448.6

429.10428.74?

>

6>

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7>

2>

4>>

46>

4?>

47>

42>

6>>

6>>1->7 6>>7->0 6>>0->2 6>>2->8 6>>8-4> 6>4>-44 6>44-46

Axpjrts Gcjw tj VusshdQY $ hm Khcchjms

Va`drocass jg tba vjcuka, tba amijurd`hm` dspait hs tba gdit tbdt axpjrts tj Vusshd hs jm tba pjshthva trdlaitjry.

Ds avhoamt grjk tba dfjva tdfca, tba axpjrts hm tba cdst 1 yadrs `raw 4>> pariamt wbhib hs quhta d rdra

pbamjkamjm dmo spades jg tba pjtamthdc jg Vusshdm kdreat.

Fdm Bhstjry

4. Hm yadr 6>>0, Vusshdm `jvarmkamt hkpjsao ghrst fdm jm ^dehstdms d`rj prjouits jm diijumt jgTudrdmthma(ht hs d ra`hka pravamthm` hmtrushjm jg ohsadsas grjk jtbar ijumtrhas) hssuas wbhib wds

chgtao hm gjccjwhm` yadr.

Hm Mjv 6>>0, d KQ_QDC IJJ^AVD_HJM ^VJIAOQVA D@VAAKAM_ wds sh`mao whtb

Vusshd dmo @jvarmkamt jg ^dehstdm dssurao tj kdea gucc ijkpchdmia up tj tba Vusshdm dmo

hmtarmdthjmdc stdmodros.

6. Vusshd's Gaoardc Yarvhia gjr Watarhmdry dmo ^bytjsdmhtdry Yurvahccdmia (GYW^Y)bds pcdiao fdm jmhkpjrt jg ^dehstdmh d`rhiuctura prjouits grjk Jitjfar 4, 6>49 gjr ohsijvarhm` fditarhdc ijmtdkhmdtao

pjtdtjas dmo qudrdmthma jflaits hm rhia.

^bytjsdmhtdry(hs d mjrkdthva dit umoartdeam tj pravamt hmtrjouithjm/sprado jg pasts dmo ohsadsas.)

9. Vusshdm dutbjrhthas bdva dttrhfutao tbhs fdm jm diijumt jg systakdthi vhjcdthjms jg hmtarmdthjmdc dmoVusshdm bytjsdmhtdry dmo qudrdmthma raquhrakamts.

?. Hmstado rastrhithm` tba fdm tj ijmtdkhmdtao htaks, Vusshdm @jvarmkamt wamt dbado dmo hkpchao ht jm dccd`rj axpjrts grjk dehstdm.

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Hm Gaf 6>46, Vusshdm Dutbjrhthas bhmtao dt hkpjshm` rastrhithva kadsuras d`dhmst hkpjrt jg qudrdmthma prjouits

hmicuohm` Jrdm`a, rhia, kdm`jas dmo pjtdtjas dmo idccao upjm qudrdmthma ijmtrjcchm` fjoy tj tdea ij`mhzdmia.

GYW^Y pcdiao d mjthia jm hts wafshta dfjut hkpjshm` fdm jm ^dehstdmh prjouits fut sdka ijucomt hmvhta

dttamthjm jg `jvarmkamt dutbjrhthas dmo rakdhms ummjthiao.

D cattar fy VYW^Y, Vusshd wrhttam jm 4?tbGaf, 6>46 axprasshm` dmxhaty jvar prasamia jg makdtjoa hm pjtdtjas

dmo cheacy qudrdmthma jflaits hm ihtrus prjouits dmo ragarrao tj tba pamohm` rapchas jm pdrt jg Khmhstry jg Gjjo

Yaiurhty ^dehstdm shmia yadr 6>>2._ba rapchas wara pamohm` gjr tba cdst ? yadrs hm wbhib jmcy fdshi oatdhcs wara

sjchihtao fy Vusshdm dutbjrhthas.

_ba fdmmhm` jroars wbhib sdys5

Hmtrjouihm takpjrdry rastrhithjms jm hkpjrts grjk ^dehstdm jm tba tarrhtjry jg Vusshdm Gaoardthjm jg

ra`ucdtao prjouits jg bh`bcy pbytjsmhtdry rhse, diijrohm` tj tba chst jg ra`ucdtao prjouits suflait tj

qudrdmthma ijmtrjc dt Iustjk fjroar jg Iustjks Qmhjm dmo Iustjks tarrhtjry Qmhjm dpprjvao fy

Ijkkhsshjm jg Iustjks Qmhjm jm 42tbLuma, 6>46.

Grjk bara tba prjfcak stdrts

Hm jma jg tba raiamt stuohas ijmouitao fy trdoa whm` jg Khmhstry jg Ijkkaria, Vusshdm kdreat hs pariahvao tj

bdva d bu`a pjtamthdc gjr ^dehstdmh axpjrts pdrthiucdrcy gruhts dmo va`atdfcas. ^dehstdmh ehmjs dra jm bh`b

oakdmo hm Vusshd dmo fahm` usao gjr kdehm` luhias ds khx ijmtamt whtb Wjoed orhmes.

_ba fdm hs cheacy tj bdva hmstdmt dovarsa hkpchidthjms jm upijkhm` Ehmj dmo pjtdtj sadsjm wbhib dssukas d

sufstdmthva prjpjrthjm jg axpjrts tj Vusshd. _ba sadsjm stdrts hm Oaiakfar/ Ldmudry dmo tbus tba fdm whcc bdva

hkkaohdta cjss jg dpprjx. 11 khcchjm gjr Ehmj dmo 6? khcchjm QYO gjr pjtdtjas wbhib tumas up tj 2> khcchjm

QYO hmstdmt hkpdit.

Hm tba cdst gaw yadrs, aggjrts bdva faam umoartdeam tj hmtrjouia ^dehstdmh kadt dmo prjiassao gjjo htaks wbhib

dra cheacy tj fa kdturao sjjm. Hm tba wdea jg iurramt ohstrust, ht hs quhta cheacy tbdt ^dehstdm kdy mjt dfca tj amtar

hmtj tbhs ghaco dmo tba QM_D^^AO VAKDHMY QM_D^^AO.

Yhmia tba fdm hkpchas jm dcc d`rj htaks, jvardcc ht whcc oaprhva jgg ^dehstdm grjk 47>-40> khcchjm QY ojccdrs

gjrah`m axibdm`a. Pbam wa wjuco mjt chea tj cat `j d shm`ca ojccdr, tbhs qudmtuk jg cjshm` gjrah`m axibdm`a

whcc fa d sarhjus satfdie gjr tba dhchm` aijmjky jg tba ijumtry.

Ijkpathtjrs hm Vusshdm Kdreat

^dehstdms kdhm ijkpathtjrs hm tba Vusshdm kdreat gjr Ehmj dmo pjtdtjas dra A`ypt, Kjrjiij, Ypdhm, Hsrdac,

Bjccdmo dmo Grdmia. _bay whcc oaghmhtacy `rdf ^dehstdms kdreat sbdra oua tj tba vjho iradtao jm diijumt jg

fdm.

Vusshd, Edzdebstdm dmo Facdrus dra sh`mdtjrhas tj Iustjks Qmhjm. Jm jiidshjms, tba ijmsh`mkamt oasthmao tj

Vusshd, radibas dt Facdrus grjk wbara ht hs trdmspjrtao tj Vusshd fy rjdo wbhca d pjrthjm jg ht, hs ijmsukao hm

cjidc kdreat ds wacc. Ht hs quhta cheacy tbdt Facdrus dmo Edzdebstdm kdy dcsj gjccjw tba suht dmo @jvarmkamt amo

up hm cjjshm` doohthjmdc 46 khcchjm QY ojccdrspar dmmuk.

Ijmsaquamias

Yhmia tba fdm dttrhfutas tj badctb radsjms, ht bds d sjihdc ohkamshjm ds wacc. Ht kdy sbdttar tba ijmghoamia jg

ijmsukars hm tbjsa kdreats. Jmia dm d`rj-prjouit hs cdfacao gjr fahm` ijmtdkhmdtao, tba ijmsukars kdy mjt

chea tj pragar ht hg dctarmdthva jpthjm hs dvdhcdfca.

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Dpdrt grjk hmtarmdthjmdc trdoa parspaithva, tba fdm bds sarhjus ojkasthi hkpchidthjms. _bjusdmos jg pajpca

akpcjyao hm d`rj-saitjr dmo axpjrt hmoustry wjuco cjsa tbahr ljfs wbhib wjuco hmiradsa tba pjvarty dmo

ucthkdtacy cado tj rhsa jg irhkas.

Icjsura jg hmtarmdthjmdc kdreat kadms kjra suppcy hm cjidc kdreat dmo bamia prhia wjuco orjp sh`mhghidmtcy

oua tj wbhib gdrkars whcc suggar.

Ht idm fa sdgacy oaouiao tbdt bdo tba Khmhstrhas jg Mdthjmdc Gjjo Yaiurhty dmo Ijkkaria bdo dt cadst raspjmoao

hm thka, wa ijuco bdva faam dfca tj dvjho bjrhzjmtdc dppchidthjm jg fdm jm dcc tba d`rj prjouits.

Avam hm gjccjw up jg fdm hkpjsao, tba ordgt KJQ wds sh`mao dmo tba Khmhstar gjr Mdthjmdc Gjjo Yaiurhty

(^dehstdm) baco d kaathm` whtb Vusshdm Dkfdssdojr jm Mjvakfar 6>49 dmo ohsiussas tba prjspaits jg chgthm` jg

fdm. Ba bds idta`jrhidccy ijmvayao tbdt ^dehstdm bds tj amsura strhit ijkpchdmia tj qudrdmthma dmo

pbytjsdmhtdry ra hka. _ba kaathm` ohomt frhm` dmy pjshthva rasuct.

Gdhcura jg @jvt Dutbjrhthas

Hssudmia jg bytjsdmhtdry Iarthghidtas whtbjut oua prjiasshm` bds rdhsao d quasthjm kdre jm jur jvarmdmia

grdkawjre - cadohm` tj akfdrrdsskamt dt hmtarmdthjmdc cavac. Hmdithjm jm pdrt jg `jvarmkamt d`dhmst tba

ijkpcdhmts dooao hmsuct tj tba hmlury. Hm d fho tj sdva sehms jg hmohvhoudcs, iraohfhchty jg mdthjmdc jr`dmhzdthjm

bds faam put jm stdea.

_ba raiamt hmihoamt bds vabakamtcy axpjsao cdie jg hmtar-khmhstarhdc ijjrohmdthjm grdkawjre. Dgtar 42tb

dkamokamt, Khmhstry jg Gjjo & D`rhiuctura wds oavjcvao fut icdrhty jg kdmodta dmo tarks jg Vagaramia bds

faijka d sarhjus fdrrhar hm rjuthma wjrehm`. Dpdtby jm pdrt jg Khmhstrhas ijmiarmao sbjws tbdt prjfdfcy

`rdvhty jg shtudthjm bds mjt faam radchzao dt dcc.

Khmhstry jg Ijkkaria hm tba idsa umoar ijmshoardthjm, khsardfcy gdhcao tj pcdy dmy wjrtbwbhca rjca hmstado ht

ijmghmao htsacg tj dm hsjcdthjm dmo cagt tba kdttar hmtj tba bdmos jg Khmhstry jg Mdthjmdc Gjjo dmo Yaiurhty. Hts

rjca wds hm tjtdc ijmtrhvdmia tj jma jg tba idrohmdcs jg hts kdreathm` kdmodta h.a. ijccaithjm jg fattar ijkkarihdc

hmtacch`amia. Hm tba idsa umoar ijmshoardthjm, tba HM_ACCH@AMIA EMJIEAO D_ _BAHV OJJV FQ_

KHMHY_VX EA^_ H_Y AXAY YBQ_

^bytjsdmhtdry dmo Tudrdmthma hssuas bdva dssukao prhka sh`mhghidmia hm hmtarmdthjmdc trdoa spaitruk.

Qmgjrtumdtacy, Hm ^dehstdm mj tdm`hfca aggjrts dra saam jm `rjumo oasphta prjspaits jg idphtdchzhm` gjrah`m

gumohm`. D Cdf bds faam astdfchsbao dt Edrdibh fut gdhcao tj hkpcakamt saijmo pbdsa h.a. bhrhm` bukdm

rasjuria.

Vusshdm _rdoa dtthtuoa

Vusshdm dutbjrhthas dra quhta strhit jm qudrdmthma dmo qudchty ijmtrjc stdmodros.

4) Idsa Ytuoy jg Hmohdm Fdm & Vaspjmsa

Vusshd hkpjsao d shkhcdr ehmo jg fdm jm Hmohd hm 6>46 oua tj prasamia jg past jm rhia dmo jhc saaos dmo Hmohdm

`jvarmkamt raditao vary gdst dmo samt twj kakfar oaca`dthjm tj Vusshd jm 8 tbody jg raiahvhm` ijkpcdhmts dmo

kdmd`ao tj rasjcva ht hm ? kjmtbs thka. _bay dcsj hmvhtao Vusshdm oaca`dthjm tj Hmohd dmo drrdm`ao hmspaithjm

tj tba iucthvdthjm shtas dmo dssurao gucc ijkpchdmia. Cheawhsa tbay ohomt cat tba fdm tj fa hkpjsao jm dmy jtbar

htak wbhib bdo mj sykptjks jg ijmtdkhmdthjm.

6) Idsa Ytuoy jg Matbarcdmo Fdm & Vaspjmsa

VYW^Y hssuao d wdrmhm` tj Matbarcdmos jm prasamia jg qudrdmthma jflaits jm gjjo htaks wbhib wdshkkaohdtacy doorassao fy up `rdodthjm jg tbahr qudchty stdmodros hm chma whtb Vusshdm stdmodros. Matbarcdmos

Dkfdssdojr tjje eaam hmtarast hm tba kdttar dmo kdmd`ao ht hm ?1 odys.

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Vaijkkamodthjms

^jst jg _rdoa Ij-ijjrohmdtjr gjr Vusshd sbjuco mjt fa vdidmt gjr wbdt sj avar radsjms. Ba hs ijmshoarao ds _BA

KDM wbj dits ds hmtargdia fatwaam tba twj `jvarmkamts jm trdoa kdttars.

4. Am`d`akamt prjiass jg Vusshdm Dutbjrhthas ushm` ohpcjkdthi ibdmmacs fa ojma gjrtbwhtb. Vusshdmoaca`dthjm kdy fa hmvhtao gjr ohsiusshjm jm tbahr ijmiarms, jggarhm` hmspaithjm jg iucthvdthjm shtas,

prjiasshm` umhts, axpjrt iamtars ati. Khmhstrhas jg Gjrah`m Dggdhrs, Ijkkaria bdva tj hmta rdta dmo

ijjrohmdta gjr avjcvhm` d wacc tbju`bt jut strdta`y.

6. Vusshdm dutbjrhthas sbjuco fa ijmvhmiao tj dccjw axpjrts jg tbjsa prjouits d`dhmst wbhib tbara dra mjhssuas jg qudrdmthma. Doohthjmdc sdga`udros fa hmvjeao dgtar ijmsuctdthjm whtb Vusshdm dutbjrhthas h.a.

dgtar tasthm` grjk dmy cdfjrdtjry jm wbhib tbay bdva kjra gdhtb.

9. Khmstry jg Mdthjmdc gjjo saiurhty sbjuco ijmouit dm hmquhry hmtj tba hssudmia jg iarthghidtas whtbjut ouaprjiass dmo iucprhts fa pamdchzao. _ba sdka kdy fa sbdrao whtb Vusshdm dutbjrhthas tj whm tbahr trust.

?. _ba shtudthjm oakdmos tbdt hts idpdihty fuhcohm` jm sihamthghi/acaitrjmhi chmas fa kdoa dmo Qmhghaohmta`rdtao systak idccao Pafjii fa hmstdccao wbhib wjuco mjt jmcy waao jut ibdmias jg gdea

iarthghidthjm fut wjuco dcsj astdfchsb dm agghihamt matwjrehm` kaibdmhsk whtbhm trdohm` pdrtmars. _ba

gumohm` jg P_J dmo Pjrco Fdme maao tj fa idphtdchzao ds tbay dra quhta jpam tj ht.

1. _bara hs d maao tj kjfhchza Vusshdm hkpjrtars gjr saaehm` hkkaohdta ijmiasshjm gjr axpjrt jg jtbard`rj htaks cass rhia dmo pjtdtjas. Ht hs tba raspjmshfhchty jg jur Akfdssy hm Vusshd tj radib jut tj cjidc

hkpjrtars dmo samshthzao tbak jm tba hssua.

7. ^dehstdm Vusshd Fushmass ijumihc sbjuco fa astdfchsbao gjr astdfchsbhm` chmed`as fatwaam tba stdeabjcoars jg fjtb tba ijumtrhas. Yuib chea dssjihdthjms pcdy dm dithva rjca hm ohsputa sattcakamt prjiassas.

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