russian air-launched weapons

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Log In Log Out Help | Guide Feedback My Account Jane's Services Online Research Online Channels Data Search | Data Browse | Image Search | Web Search | News/Analysis Browse: Systems & Equipment: Jane's Air-Launched Weapons: Country: RUSSIAN FEDERATION Documents 1 - 10 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION next 10 JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-5 `ASH' (R-4) (Size 5643) JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-2 `ATOLL' (R-3, R-13) (Size 9356) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/S-25LD (Size 4741) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM FIRE BOMBS (Size 7393) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM CLUSTER BOMBS (Size 8811) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FZAB-500 BOMB (Size 6304) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/GUV (VERSATILE HELICOPTER POD) (Size 6905) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-16 `GIMLET' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `GROUSE' (9M39 Igla) (Size 8607) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-14 `GREMLIN' (9M36 Strela-3) (Size 5306) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-7 `GRAIL' (9M32 Strela-2) (Size 7855) next 10 Terms of Use Powered by Verity

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Documents 1 - 10 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION next 10 JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-5 `ASH' (R-4) (Size 5643) JALW 19/12/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-2 `ATOLL' (R-3, R-13) (Size 9356) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/S-25LD (Size 4741) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM FIRE BOMBS (Size 7393) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM CLUSTER BOMBS (Size 8811) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FZAB-500 BOMB (Size 6304) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/GUV (VERSATILE HELICOPTER POD) (Size 6905) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-16 `GIMLET' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `GROUSE' (9M39 Igla) (Size 8607) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-14 `GREMLIN' (9M36 Strela-3) (Size 5306) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/SA-7 `GRAIL' (9M32 Strela-2) (Size 7855) next 10

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Documents 11 - 20 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION prev 10 next 10 JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/R-37 (AA-X-13) (Size 7287) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-12 `ADDER' (R-77) (Size 13231) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-11 `ARCHER' (R-73, R-74) (Size 15384) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-10 `ALAMO' (R-27) (Size 15432) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-9 `AMOS' (R-33) (Size 7185) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-8 `APHID' (R-60) (Size 8725) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-7 `APEX' (R-23, R-24) (Size 7001) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-6 `ACRID' (R-40, R-46) (Size 9259) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/RUSSIA/AA-3 `ANAB' (R-8, R-30, R-98) (Size 6635) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/S-3V ASW BOMB (Size 6290) prev 10 next 10

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Documents 21 - 30 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN TORPEDOES (Size 17857) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN MINES (Size 17965) JALW 09/11/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS/RUSSIA/APR-1/-2/-3 LIGHTWEIGHT TORPEDOES (Size 13011) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-16 (9M120M/9M121 VIKHR-M) (Size 8211) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-12 `SWINGER' (9M120 VIKHR/ATAKA) (Size 8504) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-6/AT-9 `SPIRAL' (9M114 KOKON/SHTURM) (Size 11002) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-13 (122 mm) AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 11633) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-8 (80 mm) AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 13679) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS/RUSSIA/S-5 (57 mm) AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 7349) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AT-3 `SAGGER' (9M14 MALYUTKA) (Size 8812) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 31 - 40 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/Kh-41 (3M80 MOSKIT/SS-N-22 `SUNBURN') (Size 8800) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-20 `KAYAK' (Kh-35/3M24/Kh-37)/SS-N-25 (3M60 URAN)/SSC-6 (3K60 BAL) (Size 9394) JALW 09/11/01 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-X-19 `KOALA' (Kh-90/BL-10) (Size 5300) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-18 `KAZOO' (Kh-59M Ovod-M) (Size 7568) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-17 `KRYPTON' (Kh-31/KR-1) (Size 11549) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-16 `KICKBACK' (Kh-15/RKV-15) (Size 6857) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-15 `KENT' (Kh-55/RKV-500/Kh-555/Kh-65) (Size 10093) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-14 `KEDGE' (Kh-29) (Size 9869) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-13 `KINGBOLT' (Kh-59 OVOD) (Size 7329) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-12 `KEGLER' (Kh-25 MP/Kh-27) (Size 7115) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 41 - 50 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-11 `KILTER' (Kh-58) (Size 6873) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-10 `KAREN' (Kh-25) (Size 8942) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-9 `KYLE' (Kh-28) (Size 5459) JALW 09/11/01 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/RUSSIA/AS-6 `KINGFISH' (Kh-26 and KSR-5) (Size 5897) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/SPPU-22 and UPK-23 GUN PODS (Size 7682) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/SPPU-6 GUN POD (Size 6131) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/NPPU-280 GUN TURRET (Size 5606) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/9A-4273 GUN POD (Size 6191) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/2A42 30 mm CANNON (Size 8319) JALW 09/11/01 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/RUSSIA/RUSSIAN AIRCRAFT GUNS and CANNON (Size 14971) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 51 - 60 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ZAB INCENDIARY BOMBS (Size 10262) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500U UNIFIED CLUSTER BOMB (Size 14585) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 SPBE-D CLUSTER BOMB (Size 7709) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 SPBE CLUSTER BOMB (Size 7067) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 ShOAB-0.5 CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6295) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 PTAB-1M CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6826) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 BetAB CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6849) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-500 AO-2.5 RTM CLUSTER BOMB (Size 7340) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/RBK-250-275 and RBK-500 CLUSTER BOMBS (Size 14276) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/OFZAB-500 INCENDIARY BOMB (Size 5823) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 61 - 70 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/OFAB BOMBS (Size 17222) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/ODAB-500 PM BOMB (Size 6401) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KMG-U DISPENSER and SUBMUNITIONS (Size 11843) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KhAB CHEMICAL BOMBS (Size 16096) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-1500L-F/-Pr LASER-GUIDED BOMBS (Size 8981) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-500Kr/-500Kr-OD/-1500Kr GUIDED BOMBS (Size 12117) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/KAB-500L/-500KL LASER-GUIDED BOMBS (Size 9275) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FOZAB-500 BOMB (Size 5143) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-100M-62/-250M-62/-500M-62/-1000M-62 BOMBS (Size 9115) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250M-54/-500M-54/-1500M-54 BOMBS (Size 7906) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 71 - 80 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250M-46/-500M-46/-1500M-46/-3000M-46 BOMBS (Size 7430) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-100M-43 and FAB-250M-43 BOMBS (Size 5709) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB-250ShN and FAB-500ShN/L BOMBS (Size 8243) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/FAB BOMBS (Size 10219) JALW 09/11/01 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/BetAB-150/-250/-500 PENETRATION BOMBS (Size 9277) JALW 06/03/01 - *UNDERWATER WEAPONS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Shkval Torpedo (Size 4608) JALW 06/03/01 - UNDERWATER WEAPONS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/RPK-8 Zapad (Size 2731) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Smolensk Aircraft Manufacturing Plant (Size 2138) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Precision Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Size 2175) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/LOMO Joint Stock Co (Size 2083) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 81 - 90 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise (Size 2283) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Zvezda Strela (Size 2096) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Vympel NPO (Size 2208) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Scientific and Production Enterprise (Size 2137) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Rosvoorouzhenie (Size 2120) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Raduga NPO (Dubna Engineering Plant) (Size 2218) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Moscow Scientific Research Institute (MNII) Agat (Size 2281) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Moscow Aggregate Plant Dzerzhinets (Size 2147) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/MMPP (Size 2017) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Novator NPO (Size 2003) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 91 - 100 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Mashinostroenia NPO (Size 2116) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/KBM Engineering Design Bureau (Size 2212) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Size 2213) JALW 13/02/01 - CONTRACTORS/CIS/Gridropribov (Size 2033) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - IN-SERVICE COMBAT AIRCRAFT AND THEIR AIR-LAUNCHED WEAPONS CAPABILITIES/CIS (Size 171919) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - TORPEDOES/CIS/Torpedoes (Size 5163) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - ROCKETS/CIS/Rockets (Size 8594) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - ROCKET LAUNCHERS/CIS/Rocket Launchers (Size 4766) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - MINES AND DEPTH CHARGES/CIS/Mines and Depth Charges (Size 5456) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/37 mm (Size 2589) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 101 - 110 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3991) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/23 mm (Size 3509) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/12.7 mm (Size 2658) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUNS/CIS/7.62 mm (Size 2636) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3199) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/23 mm (Size 3575) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/20 mm (Size 2801) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/12.7 mm (Size 2704) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - GUN PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/7.62 mm (Size 2839) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Cluster Bombs - Bomblets/Submunitions (Size 9042) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 111 - 120 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Chemical Weapons - Submunitions (Size 4109) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Retarded Bombs and Retarding Systems (Size 3144) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Penetrating and Area Denial Bombs (Size 4282) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Laser Guided Bombs (Size 3522) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Guided Bombs (Size 3202) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Medium range (Size 9679) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Short range (Size 4430) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Short range lightweight (Size 4220) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/General Purpose Bombs (Size 9438) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fuel/Air Explosive Bombs (Size 3155) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 121 - 130 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fragmentation Bombs (Size 7323) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Fire Bombs (Size 6421) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Cluster Bombs (Size 7438) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Chemical Weapons - Chemical Spray Tanks (Size 8510) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Anti-tank bombs (Size 3673) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - BOMBS/CIS/Aircraft dispensers (Size 2888) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AUTOMATIC GRENADE LAUNCHERS/CIS/30 mm (Size 3227) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Long range (Size 12071) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Medium range (Size 7545) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Medium range anti-radar (Size 6057) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 131 - 140 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/Short range (Size 11329) JALW 09/02/01 - ANALYSIS - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES/CIS/Long range (Size 5011) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/VSM-1 Helicopter Mine-laying System (Size 3832) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/VMR-2 Mine-laying System (Size 3725) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/TM-89 Anti-tank Mine (Size 3909) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/TM-62 Family of Anti-tank Mines (Size 4703) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/PTM-3 Anti-tank Mine (Size 4376) JALW 16/01/01 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/POM-2S Anti-personnel Mine (Size 4025) JALW 16/01/01 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/PTM-1S/PGMDM Anti-tank Mine (Size 4695) JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/9M100 SRAAM (Size 2324) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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Documents 141 - 150 of 183 strictly in RUSSIAN FEDERATION first 10 | prev 10 next 10

JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/9M96 (Trieumf variant) (Size 3352) JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/K-30 (Size 2705) JALW 16/01/01 - AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-31 (AS-17) (Size 2775) JALW 16/01/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/R-77M-PD (Size 3904) JALW 16/01/01 - *AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/AAM-L (KS-172) (Size 3400) JALW 04/12/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/AT-2 `SWATTER' (9M17 SKORPION) (Size 5737) JALW 08/11/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/AS-7 `KERRY' (Kh-23/Kh-66 GROM) (Size 8090) JALW 08/11/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES/CIS/AS-4 `KITCHEN' (Kh-22 BURYA) (Size 8206) JALW 16/08/00 - *AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS/CIS/AIRCRAFT ROCKETS (Size 6641) JALW 16/08/00 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/NOSAB-100TM Signal Bomb (Size 3685) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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JALW 16/08/00 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Nuclear Bombs (Size 3536) JALW 16/08/00 - BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Chemical Dispensers (Size 2808) JALW 16/08/00 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/P-50T Practice Bomb (Size 3545) JALW 16/08/00 - ANALYSIS - COUNTRY INVENTORIES - IN DEVELOPMENT/CIS (Size 6973) JALW 16/08/00 - ANALYSIS - COUNTRY INVENTORIES - IN SERVICE/CIS (Size 20105) JALW 16/08/00 - *BOMBS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/KRAB-25 YaD (Size 3981) JALW 21/07/00 - BOMBS/CIS/GENERAL NOTES - RUSSIA BOMBS (Size 7728) JALW 21/07/00 - UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Tu-243 (Size 2636) JALW 21/07/00 - *UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/E85/E95 (Size 4363) JALW 21/07/00 - *UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Tu-143/DR-3 Reys/Tu-141 (Size 5125) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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JALW 21/07/00 - *UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Dan (Tribute) (Size 3881) JALW 21/07/00 - AIR-LAUNCHED ROCKETS - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/ Aircraft Rockets (Size 3810) JALW 13/05/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Yakhont 3M55 (Size 4749) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-37 (Size 2451) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-36 (Size 2355) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-101 (Size 3714) JALW 13/05/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-65SE/Kh-SD (Size 4108) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Kh-38 (Size 2554) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/GELA (Size 2807) JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Guided Aerial Bomb KAB-500 Kr (Size 3269) first 10 | prev 10 next 10

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JALW 13/05/00 - AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/AT-X-15 (Chrysanthemum) (Size 3853) JALW 13/05/00 - *AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES - UNCLASSIFIED PROJECTS/CIS/Alfa (Size 4535) JALW 13/05/00 - *GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS/CIS/GSh-23L 23 mm AIRCRAFT CANNON (Size 7693) JALW 19/11/99 - CONTRACTORS/RUSSIA/Shipunov OKB (Size 1725) JALW 19/11/99 - CONTRACTORS/RUSSIA/AGAT Research Institute (Size 1848) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/PROSAB-250 CLUSTER BOMB (Size 6319) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/PFM-1 BOMBLET (Size 5520) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/OKT-1.5 BOMBLET (Size 4515) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/CHEMICAL SPRAY TANKS (Size 7552) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/BRAB ANTI-TANK BOMBS (Size 6462) first 10 | prev 10 next 3

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JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/AOKh BOMBS (Size 10216) JALW 19/08/99 - *BOMBS/RUSSIA/AO BOMBS (Size 9173) JALW 25/03/99 - INVENTORY - WORLDWIDE IN-SERVICE COMBAT AIRCRAFT/RUSSIA (Size 5545) first 10 | prev 10

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3 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 19 December 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 39

AA-5 `ASH' (R-4)Type Medium-range, IR and radar-guided, air-to-air missile. Development AA-5 `Ash' is the NATO code and designation for the R-4 AAM, a missile designed to defeat high-flying bombers. The AA-5 was developed between 1958 and 1964 specifically to arm the Tu-128 `Fiddler', a long-range all-weather interceptor, and R-4 missiles were first seen at the Tushino display in 1961. Two versions were developed, the semi-active radar homing R-4R and the IR version R-4T (K-80T). Improved versions, designated R-4RM and R-4TM, were later fitted to developed versions of the Tu-128. The main improvement was to provide the semi-active radar-guided version with a `look-down/shoot-down' capability against low-flying aircraft targets. A further improved version of the R-4R, the R-4RR, had increased maximum range. Description R-4 has four swept delta-wings and four control fins aft. The round-nosed R-4RM missile is 5.45 m long and the pointed-nosed R-4TM is 5.2 m. Both missiles have a body diameter of 315 mm and a wing span of 1.32 m. The `Ash' missile weighs approximately 500 kg at launch, and has a 53.5 kg HE blast warheads. The semi-active pulse radar operates in I-band (8 to 10 GHz). The IR seeker has a tail aspect engagement capability only. Operational status It is believed that the AA-5 `Ash' (R-4) missiles entered service in 1965 in the Soviet Union, and that the improved R-4M versions entered service in 1975. Exports have been reported to Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. It is unlikely that any R-4s remain in operational use today. Specifications R-4RM Length: 5.45 m Body diameter: 315 mm Wing span: 1.32 m Launch weight: 512 kg Warhead: 53.5 kg HE blast Fuze: n/k Guidance: Semi-active radar

Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 40 km R-4TM Length: 5.20 m Body diameter: 315 mm Wing span: 1.32 m Launch weight: 502 kg Warhead: 53.5 kg HE blast Fuze: n/k Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 20 km Contractor It is believed that the original design was by the Bisnovat OKB-4, Moscow, and is now supported by Vympel, NPO, Moscow. UPDATED

A semi-active radar-guided AA-5 Ash (R-4R) missile under a Tu-28 Fiddler aircraft (Steven Zaloga) (1994)

Diagram of AA-5 Ash (1998)

Two AA-5 Ash missiles being carried by a Tu-28 `Fiddler' aircraft (1997)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Rob Hewson

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4 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 19 December 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 39

AA-2 `ATOLL' (R-3, R-13)Type Short-range, IR and radar-guided, air-to-air missile. Development The AA-2 `Atoll' is the NATO codename for the Russian R-3 (K-13) missile. It entered development in 1958 when the Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-134) at Tushino was assigned the task of copying the USA's AIM-9B Sidewinder design, and this first variant was designated R-3S (K-13A). The 'Atoll-A' entered service in 1962. Since then there have been several steps in the AA-2's evolution, roughly paralleling the development of the AIM-9. However, the R-3 (K-13) was also developed in a Semi-Active Radar Homing (SARH) version that had no immediate Western equivalent (a SARH version of the AIM-9 was not proceeded with). The R-3S (K-13A) AA-2 'Atoll-A' entered production in 1960 and was first seen in service two years later on the MiG-21F-13. The radar-guided R-3R/K-13R (AA-2 'Atoll-B') was based on the same missile airframe, but was markedly different. This version had an extended nose, with a sharply pointed nosecone, housing the radar antenna. Development of the R-3R began in 1961 and the first missiles entered service in 1966. The semi-active radar seeker operated with the J-band (10 to 20 GHz) pulse radar of the MiG-21. An inert training version of the R-3 missile, without any fins, was designated R-3U. In the late 1960s an improved version of the R-3S, designated R-13M/K-13M (NATO codename AA-2 'Atoll-C', sometimes referred to as the Advanced Atoll) started to appear. A further improved version of the R-13M, with enhanced manoeuvrability, was developed in the late 1970s as the R-131M1. This version of the 'Atoll' was longer than the basic R-13M and introduced the cranked forward fins first seen on the AIM-9J. The R-13M was built under licence in Romania (A-91) and India, and developed in Chinas the PL-2 and PL-3. Description The R-3S closely resembled the AIM-9B and had the same blunt, rounded nose as the US missile, with an identical control surface layout - right down to the Sidewinder's innovative tail fin 'rollerons'. The R-3S had a fixed tail, but the four triangular forward fins were articulated. Like the AIM-9B, the R-3S was a first generation IR-guided missile that was only effective when fired from the rear hemisphere, against a non-manoeuvring target at relatively close range. The low altitude performance of the R-3S IR seeker was poor and the effect of ground clutter reduced its effective range to as little as 300 m at low level. Performance improved at higher altitudes, and at 18,500 m the missile had a potential range of 8,000 m. The SARH R-3R had a similar level of performance, but at low-level its effective range could be even less than the R-3S, making it most useful as a medium altitude look-up/shoot-up weapon. Under ideal circumstances the R-3R's maximum range was in excess of 8,000 m.

The R-13M most closely resembled the AIM-9E Sidewinder, with a tapered nose (slightly longer than the R-3S) housing an improved IR seeker. This provided significantly better performance with the missile effective to 1,500 m at low level and up to 15 km at high altitudes (20,000 m). The R-13M was claimed to be effective down to 50 m. Operational status The R-3S equipped the MiG-21PF, MiG-21bis, MiG-23S, MiG23MS, MiG-23M, MiG-23MF, MiG-23B, MiG-27, Su-17, Su-20 and Su-22. The R-3R was generally carried by the MiG-21S (SM, SMT, and MiG21bis) and the MiG-23S (MS). The R-13M and R-13M1 was typically carried by late model MiG-21s, MiG-23s, MiG-27s, Su-17s, Su-20s and Su-22s. The earliest AA-2 `Atoll' entered service with the Russian Air Force in 1962, the semi-active radar R-3R entered service in 1966 and the R-13M entered service in the mid-1970s. The improved R-13M1 missile is believed to have entered service in 1980. The `Atoll' was used extensively by North Vietnam, and in 1970 and 1973 by Egypt. All three variants have been exported to the following countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Congo, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Guinea, Hungary, India, Iraq, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Laos, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and Zambia. Production probably ceased around 1983, although refurbished missiles were exported until the late 1980s. Specifications R-3S Length: 2,837 mm Body diameter: 127 mm Wing span: 528 mm Launch weight: 75.3 kg Warhead: 11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation Fuze: contact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 3 km R-3R Length: 3,417 mm Body diameter: 127 mm Wing span: 528 mm Launch weight: 82 kg Warhead: 11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation Fuze: contact and radar proximity Guidance: semi-active radar homing Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 8 km R-13M Length: 2,870 mm Body diameter: 127 mm Wing span: 632 mm Launch weight: 88 kg Warhead: 11.3 kg HE blast/fragmentation Fuze: contact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 8 km Contractor Designed by the Turopov OKB-134 Bureau at Tushino, and supported now by Vympel NPO, Moscow. UPDATED

An R-3S IR guided missile on the underwing pylon of a Russian Air Force MiG-21 `Fishbed', displayed at Moscow in August 1989 (Nick Cook) (1989)

A MiG-21 Fishbed carrying two radar-guided R-3R missiles on the outer wing pylons, and two IR-guided AA-8 `Aphid' missiles inboard (John Taylor) (1994)

AA-2 `Atoll' (1989)

R-3S missiles carried on a Libyan MiG-23 `Flogger' aircraft (US Navy) (1997)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Rob Hewson

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2 Images AIR-TO-SURFACE MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

S-25LDType Short-range air-to-surface missile. Development This new missile was first seen in 1993, and it was developed from the unguided S-250 FM rocket. The missile has the Russian designator S-25LD, but the NATO designator is unknown. It is believed that the development was completed in the late 1980s, using the semi-active laser seeker from the AS-10 `Karen' missile. The missile has been cleared for carriage on Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer' and Su-25 `Frogfoot' aircraft. Description The S-25LD missile has four small delta shaped moving control fins at the nose and four clipped-tip delta wings at the rear. The unusual aspect of the design is that the nose section, containing the semi-active laser seeker and moving control fins, is hinged under a support arm running forwards from the larger diameter main body. The missile is 4.1 m long, has a body diameter of 340 mm, a wing span of 1.17 m and a launch weight of 400 kg. The warhead is a 155 kg HE penetration type, and the missile has a solid-propellant motor. The guidance uses the 24NI semi-active laser seeker from the AS-10 missile, which can be designated from the carrier aircraft, from a different aircraft, or from a ground laser marker. The missile has a minimum range of 2 km and a maximum range of 10 km. An accuracy of 8 m CEP has been reported from Russia. Operational Status The missile was developed from the S-250 FM unguided rocket and is believed to have entered service in 1989. There are no known exports. Specifications Length: 4.1 m Body diameter: 340 mm Wing span: 1.17 m Launch weight: 400 kg Warhead: 155 kg HE penetration Fuze: n/k Guidance: Semi-active laser Propulsion: Solid propellant

Range: 10 km Contractor Precision Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau Moscow. VERIFIED An S-25LD missile (left) and eight AT-12 missiles (right) on wing pylons under an Su-25 `Frogfoot' aircraft (Christopher F Foss) (1999)

S-25LD (1999)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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1 Image BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM FIRE BOMBSType Fire bombs. Development Before 1996, no information had been available on former Soviet Union napalm type fire bombs like those used extensively by the US forces in Vietnam. However, in the mid-1990s two such weapons were advertised in a Russian Federation air-launched weapons catalogue. The two weapons, designated ZB-500GD and ZB-500ShM, were identical in size and appearance, the only difference appearing to be the quantity and possibly type of incendiary mixture used. The designation letters ZB stands for `incendiary tank' and the numbers refer to the bomb's size category. It is unclear what the letters GD stand for but the Sh means low-level ground attack. The bombs are designed to withstand the high g forces encountered by combat manoeuvres of high-speed attack aircraft, and are fitted with standard Russian spaced suspension lugs. Both are believed to have been cleared for carriage on MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-27 `Flogger', MiG-29 `Fulcrum', Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot' and Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft of the Russian Federation and allied air forces. Description The ZB-500's appearance is different to most napalm type fire bombs in that it has a smaller body diameter to length ratio and a small distinctive vertical rear end stabilising fin. It has a symmetrical aerodynamically shaped body made from thin aluminium sheet. Instead of the normally pointed ends, the bomb has an ogival section welded on both ends. Inside the top surface of the centre section is a hard saddle back to which are attached the 250 mm spaced suspension lugs. The filling cap is situated in the bottom of the centre section beneath the front suspension lug. The fuze system, which is activated on bomb release by a top mounted lanyard device, is inserted in the centre port side of the bomb, along with a safe arming device and the igniting charge. Both ZB-500 incendiary canisters are 2.5 m long and have a body diameter of 500 mm. The ZB-500GD is filled with 216 or 303 kg of an unspecified incendiary gel and weighs 256 or 343 kg depending on mixture used. The ZB-500ShM is filled with 260 kg of an unspecified incendiary gel and weighs 317.5 kg. Details of the type of fuzing system are uncertain, but it is believed to be contact only. However, as the bombs are normally released during low-level passes it is believed that some form of delay and safety device is incorporated in the final stages of arming/fuzing. When the bomb impacts the target, the body is broken apart by inertial force and the incendiary agent is spread over the surrounding area. At the same time the igniter charge is activated which immediately causes the incendiary agent to ignite thus enveloping the target in flames. The incendiary agent is expected to have a thickening additive, which enables the agent to cling to all suitable surfaces so as to ensure that maximum conflagration damage to exposed personnel, material and equipment is caused.

The ZB-500 bombs can be released from an aircraft at altitudes above 30 m and at speeds up to 1,000 km/h. Operational Status Both the above fire bombs are in service with Russian Federation and allied air forces. In the mid-1990s they were advertised in the Incendiary Air Bomb section of a Russian Federation air arms catalogue and were offered for export. There are no known exports. Specifications Length Body diameter Tailspan Lug spacing Weight Filling Contractors Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise Moscow. UPDATED Line drawing of a cutaway ZB-500GD bomb showing major internal components (1999) 2001 Jane's Information Group Duncan Lennox

ZB-500GD 2.5 m 500 mm n/a 250 mm 256 or 343 kg 216 or 303 kg incendiary mixture

ZB-500ShM 2.5 m 500 mm n/a 250 mm 317.5 kg 260 kg incendiary mixture

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2 Images BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM CLUSTER BOMBSType Incendiary cluster bombs. Development The former Soviet Union was a pioneer of cluster bomb dispensers, quite sophisticated designs being used as early as the 1930s. The RBK family of cluster bombs are of post World War II design, and in their earlier days were primarily used for delivering large numbers of anti-personnel fragmentation submunitions. However, in more recent years they have been adapted to carry various other types of submunitions, such as anti-material, airfield cratering and various types of anti-tank submunitions. The designation letters RBK stands for razovaya bombovaya kasseta meaning `single use bomb cassette'. The designation numbers refer to the bomb's size category and any further letters signify special applications or types of submunitions/bomblets used. The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M was designed to carry 48 ZAB-2.5 incendiary bomblets. The designation ZAB stands for zazhigatelnaya aviatsionnaya bomba meaning `incendiary aircraft bomb'. Developed in parallel was a larger version, designated RBK-500 ZAB-2.5 SM. This was designed to carry 117 of the same submunitions and be released at a lower altitude. Both cluster bombs are designed to withstand the high g forces encountered by combat manoeuvres of high-speed attack aircraft, and are fitted with standard Russian 250 mm spaced suspension lugs. Both sizes of cluster bomb are believed to have been cleared for carriage on MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-27 `Flogger', MiG-29 `Fulcrum', Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot' and Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft of the Russian Federation and allied air forces. Description The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M is similar in size and shape to the early Russian Federation FAB family of demolition bombs. It has a canister shaped body, with a flat bell shaped nose and an eight-fin drum tail unit. The bomb, which is fitted with a single suspension lug, is 1.49 m long, has a body diameter of 325 mm and a loaded weight of 194 kg. The cylindrical body is divided into three compartments each holding 16 ZAB-2.5 bomblets. Connected to the nose mounted fuze system and running through the centre of the payload compartments is a metal tube, which is full of holes. It is believed that this is part of the bomblet ejection system. The RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM is similar to the -250 version except the nose is almost totally flat, and instead of a centrally mounted fuze there is what appears to be a heavy duty lifting device. The bomb, which is fitted with standard Russian 250 mm spaced suspension lugs is 1.95 m long, has a body diameter of 450 mm and a loaded weight of 435 kg. The internal

arrangement of the payload container is expected to be similar to the -250 version and has a 117 bomblet capacity. Little information is available on the ZAB-2.5 incendiary bomblet other than it appears to be a simple canister that is 0.135 m long, has a body diameter of 91 mm and weighs 2.7 kg. Its 1.72 kg incendiary type warhead is reported to cover a destructive area of 350 m2. It is unclear if the bomblet has any sort of stabilising device or just free-falls, and fuzing details of the ZAB-2.5 are not known. After release from the parent aircraft the cluster bomb follows a normal ballistic trajectory. At a predetermined altitude the outer `skin' of the container is opened and the bomblets dispersed over the target area. The method used to dispense the bomblets is not known, but is believed to be done by a compressed air or gas system. Details of fuzing are not known. The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M can be released from an aircraft at altitudes above 250 m and at speeds up to 1,400 km/h. The RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM can be released from aircraft at altitudes above 70 m and at speeds up to 1,400 km/h. Operational Status The RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M and the RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM cluster bombs are in service with the Russian Federation and allied air forces. In the mid-1990s both were advertised in the Incendiary Air Bomb section of a Russian arms catalogue. There are no known exports. Specifications RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M Length Body diameter Tailspan Lug spacing Weight Filling Contractor Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise Moscow. UPDATED Line drawings of the RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M showing payload of ZAB-25M bomblets (top), and RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM (bottom) (1999) 2.12 m 325 mm n/k 250 mm 194 kg 48 ZAB-2.5 bomblets RBK-500 ZAB-2.5SM 2.5 m 450 mm n/k 250 mm 435 kg 117 ZAB-2.5 bomblets ZAB-2.5 bomblet 0.135 m 91 mm n/a n/a 2.7 kg 1.72 kg incendiary mix

Close-up of a ZAB-2.5 bomblet (1999)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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1 Image BOMBS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

FZAB-500 BOMBType Penetrating fire bomb. Development There are reported to have been several hundred types of air-carried, free-fall weapons to have been held by former Warsaw Pact countries, with more than three-quarters of them being of former Soviet Union design. The most numerous of these were naturally the FAB series of bombs. FAB stands for fugasnaya aviabomba meaning `aerial demolition bomb' which is known as a general purpose bomb in the West. The designation letters are followed by numbers that refer to the bomb size category. Little is known of the development of this family of conventional free-fall general purpose bombs other than it has been a continuing process since the First World War. Before the 1940s, the known FAB bombs were the FAB-50, FAB-250 and FAB-500 (these early bombs are covered in a separate entry). Some FAB bombs developed since the early 1940s had an additional letter `M' followed by a further number in its designation, that signified the year that range of FAB bombs entered operational service. Others have special indices explaining design or combat features. The FAB M-62 series of bombs were developed in the early 1960s to provide the former Soviet Union with a range of streamlined low-drag general purpose bombs, and to take advantage of newly developed more powerful explosives like `torpex.' These are covered in a separate entry. In 1996, a 500 kg size bomb, designated FZAB-500, appeared in the FAB section of a Russian air armament catalogue listed as a demolition incendiary bomb. From its appearance the bomb is believed to be a further development of the FAB-500M-62. Developed in order to provide the Russian Federation with a penetrating incendiary bomb for use against concrete fortified targets such as munition and fuel depots, aircraft shelters command bunkers and so on. The bomb's design allows it to be carried under the wings or fuselage of high-speed aircraft with minimum performance degradation and is fitted with standard Russian spaced suspension lugs. The FZAB-500 can also be carried in bomb bays of larger bombers. It is believed that the FZAB-500 has been cleared for carriage on MiG-21 `Fishbed' MiG-23B `Flogger', MiG-25 `Foxbat', Su-17 `Fitter', Su-24 `Fencer', Su-25 `Frogfoot', Tu-95 `Bear', and Tu-16 `Badger' aircraft. Description Except for having a special shaped hardened nose the FZAB-500 is similar in appearance to the FAB-500M-62 demolition bomb. The main body, which is divided into two sections, has an aerodynamic shape similar to the US Mk 83 bomb and is fitted with 250 mm spaced suspension lugs. However, the tail unit has retained the familiar Russian four fin and drum configuration although somewhat streamlined. The FZAB-500 is 2.5 m long, has a body diameter of 450 mm and weighs 500 kg. The front section of the bomb, which has a tapering thickened skin and a hardened nose, is filled with 200 kg of torpex high

explosive. The rear section of the bomb itself is filled with 100 pieces of an unspecified incendiary material. Details of the fuzing are not known. The FZAB-500 is credited with the ability to penetrate 200 mm of reinforced concrete and can be released at altitudes from 200 m to 22 km at speeds between 500 and 2,100 km/h. Operational Status The FZAB-500 is in service with Russian Federation and allied air forces. In the mid-1990s it was offered for export, but as yet there have been no reported orders. Specifications Length: 2.5 m Body diameter: 450 mm Tailspan: 0.22 m Lug spacing: 250 mm Weight: 500 kg Filling: 200 kg HE and incendiary agent. Contractors Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise Moscow. UPDATED Line drawing of a FZAB-500 bomb showing internal components (1999) 2001 Jane's Information Group Duncan Lennox

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2 Images GUNS, PODS AND MOUNTINGS, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

GUV (VERSATILE HELICOPTER POD)Type Gun pod for 7.62 mm, 12.7 mm machine guns or 30 mm grenade launcher. Development The Gondala Universalnaya Vertolotnaya (GUV) or Versatile Helicopter Pod was developed by the Spetztekhnika Vympel NPO for use by Russian and allied air forces. The programme requirement was to provide a removable, short-range, ground-attack weapon system for attacking personnel and soft-skinned targets. Little is known of the pod's development, except that it was designed to incorporate two four-barrel GSh G 7.62 mm machine guns with a total of 1,500 rounds of ammunition, together with one four-barrel 12.7 mm YakB-12.7 gun with 750 rounds of ammunition or a 30 mm grenade launcher with 300 grenades. A GUV was displayed in Moscow in 1994 fitted with only a single 30 mm grenade launcher that was designated 9A-800. It is not known if this is another designation for the helicopter version of the 30 mm AIC-17 (NATO designation AGS-17 `Plamya') grenade launcher or a different weapon. The GUV's hard back is fitted with 110 mm suspension eye bolts that allow it to be suspended from a Russian standard helicopter rack. The GUV was displayed alongside a Russian Mi-35M attack helicopter at the 1995 Paris Air Show. Russian literature in 1996 stated that the GUV had been developed for use on Mi-8 `Hip', Mi-24 `Hind' and Ka-25 `Hormone' helicopters. Before this, the container was reportedly seen on the Mi-24 and Ka-27/Ka-29 Helix combat helicopters. Description The GUV is a cigar-shaped metal container with rounded front and rear ends and fitted with 110 mm suspension lugs. In the centre of the nose cowl is a vertical slot into which a gun cradle is fitted that can carry either a single four-barrel 12.7 mm YakB Gatling-type machine gun or a 30 mm grenade launcher. On each side of the central slot are two circular apertures, behind each of which is a four-barrel GSh G 7.62 mm Gatling-type general purpose machine gun with its barrels protruding through the apertures. When fitted with the three machine guns, the GUV carries 750 rounds of 12.7 mm ammunition and 1,500 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition and weighs around 450 kg. With these three guns the GUV is credited with an extremely high rate of fire, over 12,000 rds/min. Further details of both guns can be found in a separate entry on Russian Guns. It is unclear if, when fitted with the grenade launcher, the two GSh G 7.62 mm guns are installed together with the grenade launcher, because Russian literature quotes that with the grenade launcher fitted, the ammunition is replaced by 300 grenades and the overall weight of the GUV is then reduced to 274 kg. The AIC-17A grenade launcher has a cyclic rate of fire of 420 to 500 rds/min, and a muzzle velocity of 180 m/s. Further details of the AIC-17A can be found in the Gun Unclassified Projects section.

Operational status The GUV helicopter pod is in production and in service with Russian and allied air forces. However, no details have been released on any sales or orders. Specifications Length: 3.0 m (without armament) Diameter: 400 mm Number of guns: 2 GSh G 7.62 mm machine guns 1 12.7 mm YakB or 30 mm grenade launcher Ammunition capacity: 1,500 rounds (7.62 mm) and 750 rounds 12.7 mm or 300 30 mm grenades Lug spacing: 110 mm Weight: 452 kg including guns and ammunition, 274 kg including grenade launcher and ammunition Contractor Spetztekhnika Vympel NPO Moscow. UPDATED A Russian GUV helicopter pod fitted with a single 12.7 mm YakB 12.7 and two GSh G 7.62 mm machine guns, on display at the 1995 Paris Air Show. Beside the pod is the centre-mounted alternative AIC-17 30 mm grenade launcher (Duncan Lennox) (1998) GUV helicopter pod fitted with only a single AIC-17 (AGS-17 `Plamya') 30 mm grenade launcher on display in 1994 (Charles Bickers) (1998)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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6 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

SA-16 `GIMLET' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `GROUSE' (9M39 Igla)Type Short-range, IR air-to-air missiles. Development SA-16 `Gimlet' was first confirmed in use in 1987, when photographs of the surface-to-air version were released by the South Africans following their capture of some of these missiles in Angola. The missile is called Igla 1 by the Russians in the surface-to-air variant, with the designator 9M313. The development programme for SA-16 is believed to have followed closely behind that for SA-14 `Gremlin', probably starting in the mid-1970s. SA-18 `Grouse' has the Russian designation 9M39 Igla, and is now believed to have entered service before SA-16 `Gimlet'. The missiles are similar, and it is easy to understand the confusion. However, both have a nose spike to keep the glass radome cooler at high speed. There are reports that two further versions of SA-16 are in development, Igla 1M and Igla 2, but no further details are available. It is believed that SA-16 and SA-18 are carried by Mi-24 `Hind', and probably Mi-28 `Havoc' and Ka-50 `Hokum' helicopters. SA-16 were displayed on an Mi-17MD helicopter in 1996, and SA-18 were displayed in 1997. Description The SA-16 `Gimlet' launcher tube has two major differences from those used for the SA-7 `Grail' and SA-14 `Gremlin': the tube is longer and the protective IR dome cover is conical in shape (SA-7 and SA-14 tube end covers are flat plates). It is believed that SA-16 is 1.69 m long, has a body diameter of 72 mm and weighs 10.8 kg. The missile has four small pop-out rectangular control fins near the nose, and four rectangular fins at the tail. The improved IR cooled seeker head has most probably a two-colour detection system to discriminate flares, and an improved all-aspect capability. The rear body shape is similar to the US Stinger design and the seeker dome has a cone supported in front to reduce drag. Digital electronics can be expected, together with a longer standby capability. Boost and sustainer motors give the SA-16 a velocity of 570 m/s and a range of about 5 km. SA-16 has a minimum range of 500 m, and can intercept targets at between 10 m and 3,000 m altitude. SA-18 `Grouse' (9M39 Igla) is similar to SA-16, except that a single spike was used in front of the seeker dome. The performance, size and weight of SA-16 and SA-18 are believed to be the same. A four-missile launch canister and nitrogen coolant bottle assembly weighs 60 kg. A missile and canister weighs 16.8 kg and each missile has four coolant bottles. SA-18 uses a 9E410 two colour cooled seeker with protection against flare decoys and modulated jammers. The seeker field of view is 40, and the maximum sightline spin rate is 12/s. For training a simpler seeker can be used, designated OS UA-24, and this seeker does not have the distinctive nose spike. SA-18 can engage targets at altitudes of up to 3,500 m.

Operational status It is believed that SA-18 `Grouse' entered service in Russia in 1983, followed by SA-16 `Gimlet' in 1986. It is believed that both missiles have been exported to Angola, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, North Korea, Poland and Slovakia. Licensed production has been carried out in Bulgaria, and there are unconfirmed reports that North Korea is also building SA-16/-18 missiles. Some SA-16 missiles are believed to have been used by Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. Specifications Length: 1.69 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.25 m Launch weight: 10.8 kg Warhead: 2.0 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 5 km Contractor SA-16 and SA-18 missiles were designed by the KBM Engineering Design Bureau, Kolomna, and manufactured by the VA Degtyarev Plant, Korov. The seekers are manufactured by LOMO, St Petersburg and CDO Arsenal, Kiev, Ukraine. UPDATED A twin helicopter launch assembly with an SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile in front, showing the distinctive nose spike (Duncan Lennox) (1998)

An SA-16 `Gimlet' (Igla 1) missile with its double cone-shaped nose spike (Christoper F Foss) (1998) An SA-18 `Grouse' twin launcher assembly with eight IR seeker coolant bottles mounted above (Peter Humphris) (1998)

SA-16 (upper) and SA-18 (lower) (1996)

A rear view of a four-missile launcher assembly for SA-16 `Gimlet' on an Mi-17MD helicopter (Peter Humphris) (1997)

Two IR seekers used with the SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile system. On the right is the operational seeker, and on the left a seeker used for training (Duncan Lennox) (1998)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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2 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

SA-14 `GREMLIN' (9M36 Strela-3)Type Short-range, IR air-to-air missile. Development SA-14 `Gremlin' is the NATO code and designation for this second-generation Russian man-portable surface-to-air missile (9M36 Strela-3). Development is believed to have started around 1970 as a successor to SA-7 `Grail', and the missile first entered service in 1974. It is believed that the SA-14 is carried by Mi-24 `Hind E' and Mi-2 `Hoplite' helicopters in preference to the SA-7 `Grail'. The SA-14 `Gremlin' has been replaced by the SA-16 `Gimlet' (9M313 Igla 1) and SA-18 `Grouse' (9M39 Igla). Description There is probably little difference between SA-14 `Gremlin' and SA-7 `Grail' helicopter launcher tube assemblies. The missile is believed to be similar to the SA-7b `Grail' version, with a length of 1.47 m, a body diameter of 72 mm, and a fin span of 0.3 m. The missile weight is 10.5 kg, and a 2 kg HE fragmentation warhead is fitted. The SA-14 has an improved IR seeker with IRCM capability, and sufficient sensitivity to have an all-aspect engagement envelope. A more efficient motor results in an increased range capability, to 5 km. It is also reported that SA-14 has a shorter reaction time than SA-7 `Grail', and an improved thermal battery with a longer life. Operational status SA-14 `Gremlin' entered service in 1974, and production in Russia probably ceased in 1985. Exports of the SAM version have been reported to Afghanistan, Angola, Belarus, Cuba, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Jordan, Latvia, Nicaragua, Poland, Slovakia, Syria and Ukraine. There have been no confirmed reports of SA-14 on helicopters used by these countries. Specifications Length: 1.47 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.3 m Launch weight: 10.5 kg Warhead: 2 kg HE fragmentation

Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 5 km Contractor It is believed that the Turopov OKB-134 bureau at Tushino designed SA-14 `Gremlin', although other reports suggest the KBM Engineering and Design Bureau, Kolomna. UPDATED A photograph showing the three small Russian surface-to-air missile launchers, from the top the SA-16 `Gimlet', SA-14 `Gremlin' in the middle, and SA-7 `Grail' at the bottom. These are export versions, and the air-to-air missile launchers may have a different appearance (Jane's Defence Weekly) (1992)

SA-14 'Gremlin' (1996)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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3 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

SA-7 `GRAIL' (9M32 Strela-2)Type Short-range, IR air-to-air missile. Development SA-7 `Grail' is the NATO code and designation for this first-generation man-portable surface-to-air missile; the system is named Strela-2 by the Russians and the missile has the designation 9M32. Development started in 1959, with the SA-7a first entering service in 1966. The `Grail' has been progressively developed since then, with SA-7b `Grail' or Strela-2M introduced in 1971 with improved seeker, warhead and motor, and a version introduced in the mid-1970s with a more sensitive IR seeker. In 1997 a dual-band uncooled IR seeker, designated 9E46M, was proposed as an upgrade for older SA-7 missiles. (This was an uncooled version of the seeker used in the SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missile). This seeker would provide protection against flares and modulated jammers. Known principally as a surface-to-air missile, SA-7 has been reported as being used on Russian helicopters in the air-to-air role since the late 1970s. The missile has been seen carried on Mi-2M `Hoplite', Mi-24 `Hind E' and Yugoslav Gazelle helicopters. SA-14 `Gremlin' was the replacement system for `Grail', but both SA-7 and SA-14 missiles have now been replaced by SA-16 `Gimlet' (Igla 1) and SA-18 `Grouse' (Igla) missiles in Russia. Description SA-7 `Grail' is a tube-launched missile, with two small rectangular moving control fins at the nose and four swept rectangular wings trailing from the tail. The missile is 1.42 m long, has a body diameter of 72 mm and a wing span of 0.3 m. The missile weighs 9.2 kg for the SA-7a. Guidance is by IR seeker, with the early SA-7a version having an uncooled seeker with very limited capability. However, the sensitivity has been improved in the later missile versions (SA-7b/Strela-2M) by using an upgraded 9E46 uncooled seeker. The missile is limited to tail aspect engagements, and has no protection against flare decoys or modulated jammers. The boost motor burns for 0.5 seconds and the sustainer for just under 2 seconds, accelerating the missile to about 385 m/s, and giving it a range of about 3 km. For the SA-7b `Grail' version the IR seeker is still uncooled, but it contains a filter to remove extraneous IR returns. The SA-7b weighs 10 kg and is slightly longer than SA-7a at 1.44 m. A more powerful motor gives an increased range to 5 km, and a larger 1.8 kg warhead is fitted. Operational status In service with many countries in various forms, since 1966 as a SAM, SA-7 `Grail' was first seen being carried for use in air-to-air combat on helicopters in the late 1970s. SA-7 is not used in Russia, having been replaced by the SA-16 and SA-18 missiles. However, it was reported in 1997 that over 50,000 SA-7 missiles remain in service use around the world. Egypt,

Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia, Pakistan and China have built SA-7 `Grail' variants; the Egyptian variant is called Sakr Eye and the Chinese HN-5. The Romanian version is designated A-94, with a later modification designated CA-94. Pakistan's missiles are Anza Mk 1/Mk 2, Poland's are Strzala-2 and the former Yugoslavia are Strela-2M/A. The Russian SA-7 `Grail' has also been licence built in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland and Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The following countries probably use SA-7 in a helicopter-launched role: Afghanistan, Angola, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Georgia, India, North Korea, Libya, Mongolia, Poland, Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Vietnam and Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). Specifications SA-7a Length: 1.42 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.3 m Launch weight: 9.2 kg Warhead: 1.2 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 3 km SA-7b Length: 1.44 m Body diameter: 72 mm Wing span: 0.3 m Launch weight: 10 kg Warhead: 1.8 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: Impact Guidance: IR Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 5 km Contractor SA-7 is believed to have been designed by the Turopov OKB-134, Tushino, but other reports suggest that the design was by the KBM Engineering and Design Bureau, Kolomna. The seeker is manufactured by LOMO St Petersburg. UPDATED SA-7b `Grail' mounted between two AT-3 `Sagger' air-to-surface missiles, on a Yugoslav Gazelle helicopter mounting using the older 9P53 grip-stock and tube assembly (Paul Beaver) (1992)

Two SA-7b `Grail' launch tubes with the 9P54 glass fibre launcher assembly and rotating double nose cap (1998)

SA-7 `Grail' (1992)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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4 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

R-37 (AA-X-13)Type Long-range, radar-guided, air-to-air missile. Development First seen in 1992, the R-37 was being developed by Vympel NPO as a replacement for the AA-9 `Amos' (R-33) semi-active radar-guided missile. It is believed that this missile has been given the NATO designator AA-X-13. The R-37 is similar in size to the AA-9 `Amos', but has an active radar terminal seeker and a longer range. Designed in the early 1980s, the missile was first flown in 1989. Flight trials continued until around 1998, and it was presumed that the missile would be carried by the MiG-31M `Foxhound B' aircraft, which has carriage points under the fuselage for six missiles, and later by the Su-35. Unconfirmed reports suggest that a further version was proposed, with the designator R-37M, with a jettisonable booster assembly, increasing the range to between 300 and 400 km. This longer range version is expected to be fitted to modified MiG-29SMT `Fulcrum' or MiG-31BM `Foxhound' aircraft. Description R-37 has four long-chord clipped-tip delta-wings at mid-body, and four rectangular moving control fins at the rear. The missile is around 4.2 m long, has a body diameter of about 380 mm, and a wing span of about 0.7 m. The rear control fins are hinged to facilitate clearance when the missiles are loaded on the aircraft. R-37 appears to use the same semi-recessed carriage with trapeze launch rails below the fuselage as AA-9 `Amos' on the MiG-31 `Foxhound A' aircraft. It is believed that the missile launch weight is 600 kg, and that a 60 kg HE fragmentation warhead is fitted. However, the design bureau suggested in 1995 that a redesign was being investigated to reduce the launch weight to 450 kg. Guidance is inertial in mid-course with command updates from the aircraft, with small link antenna located at the rear of the missile just below the motor nozzle. A dual-mode active/semi-active radar seeker, 9B-1388, is fitted to the missile for both mid-course and terminal guidance. Lock on range for the semi-active radar is probably 75 km and, for the active radar seeker, is probably 25 km. The weight of the seeker assembly is 45 kg, excluding the radome. The command datalink has a range of 100 km. A solid propellant motor is expected to give the R-37 a range of about 150 km, although reports in 1995 indicated that following careful trajectory shaping a range in excess of 250 km had been achieved. Operational status The R-37 programme is a further development of the AA-9 `Amos' (R-33) missile. R-37 design was started in the early 1980s, and the missile first flew in 1989. In 1994 a series of trials was made with launches from a MiG-31M aircraft, with one

intercept at 250 km range. By 1995 it was reported that delays to the MiG-31M `Foxhound B' aircraft's Zaslon-M radar could delay entry of R-37 into service. It is believed that the original R-37 programme was terminated in 1998, but it is possible that the dual-mode seekers could be retrofitted into upgraded AA-9 `Amos' missiles. R-37M missiles might be fitted to upgraded MiG-31M `Foxhound B' aircraft at some time in the future. Specifications Length: 4.2 m Body diameter: 380 mm Wing span: 0.7 m Launch weight: 600 kg Warhead: 60 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: n/k Guidance: Inertial with command updates, semi-active radar and active radar Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 150 km Contractors Vympel NPO Moscow (prime contractor). MRI Agat Moscow (radar seeker). UPDATED The missile on the left of the picture is an R-37 under the fuselage of a MiG-31M `Foxhound B'; the missile in the centre is a modified R-33S (AA-9 `Amos') but with its wings not fitted (Yefim Gordon) (1993)

The two outer missiles are R-37s with their rear control fins folded, the central missile is a modified R-33S (AA-9 `Amos') (Yefim Gordon) (1993)

R-37 (1994)

The combined active/semi-active radar seeker assembly, 9B-1388, for the R-37 air-to-air missile (Duncan Lennox) (1997)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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6 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

AA-12 `ADDER' (R-77)Type Medium-range, radar-guided, air-to-air missile. Development AA-12 `Adder' is the NATO designator for this new Russian air-to-air missile which was first seen in Minsk in February 1992. The aviation press quickly named the missile `AMRAAMSKI', because earlier reports indicated that the missile was not unlike the US AIM-120 AMRAAM in appearance and likely performance, but the Russian development designator is AAM-AE (or RVV-AE) with the service designator R-77. It is believed that the programme started in 1982. The rear fins are believed to be based upon the design for terminal phase control fins of both the SS-21 `Scarab' and SS-23 `Spider' short-range ballistic missiles, but with the fins for AA-12 designed to be much lighter as they do not have to withstand such high velocities. Such fins could give several advantages: lighter weight; less flow separation at high angles of attack; produce a greater aerodynamic moment force; and probably require less actuator power and movement. AA-12 has been designed to attack manoeuvring aircraft, helicopters and cruise missiles. It is believed that the original AA-12 missile design was made by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine, responsible for the earlier AA-8 and AA-11 missile designs. Flight tests started in 1984 and around 200 missiles were built in the Ukraine up until 1994. Following the break-up of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Air Force decided that manufacture of the missile would be transferred to Vympel NPO in Moscow, and it is thought that initial production and further development started with Vympel from 1993. Further versions are reported to be in development by Vympel. A version with an IR seeker, an increased range R-77M version with the weight increased to 185 kg, a longer-range rocket/ramjet motor version with a range extended to 150 km specifically to attack AEW aircraft (R-77M-PD), and a ground-launched SAM variant (R-77-3PK). Vertically launched firings were reported in 1993, from a trials canister simulating ship SAM installations, with a larger diameter motor incorporating TVC, folding fins and wings. An upgraded active radar has been developed by MRI Agat, with a range increased to 25 km, and this is designated 9B1103M. This radar has a weight reduced to 10 kg, less radome. NIIP and Vympel were reported to be developing a new fire-control system, target acquisition radar and command datalink to fit AA-12 to other aircraft, without a radar. The new system would weigh around 60 kg, and flight trials were expected to start in 2000. A smaller version of AA-12 has also been reported, for fitting into internal weapons bays on future stealth aircraft. With the transfer of AA-12 production from the Ukraine to Russia, and the shortage of funding for the Russian Air Force, the AA-12 programme has been subject to long delays. There has been no production order for R-77 missiles for the Russian Air Force, but there may have been a small number of RVV-AE or R-77E export version missiles built by Vympel. It is expected that any Russian Air Force order will be for the improved R-77M version. If China builds the AA-12 missile under license, it is reported that the version will be similar to R-77E but with an improved maximum range, and will have the designator R-129. The missile has been seen fitted to MiG-29 `Fulcrum', MiG-31M `Foxhound' and Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft on underwing pylons,

with up to eight missiles on the MiG-29. The AA-12 missile can be fitted to MiG-29M, ME, N, S, SE, SM and SMT versions. The upgraded MiG-21 `Fishbed' (MiG-21/93) will carry two AA-12 missiles. It is expected that AA-12 will be carried by the Su-27SMK 'Flanker B', Su-30KN, MKK, and MKI versions, and on the Su-34 and Su-35 'Flanker C'. Studies have been made for carriage on Tu-26 `Backfire' and Tu-160 `Blackjack' bombers. Description The AA-12 `Adder' has straight rectangular long-chord, narrow-span wings (not unlike the French MICA air-to-air missile) and an unusual set of four rectangular control fins at the rear. The missile is 3.6 m long, with a body diameter of 200 mm, a wing span of 0.4 m, an extended rear fin span of 0.7 m, and a launch weight of 175 kg. The guidance is inertial with mid-course updates from the launch aircraft, followed by a terminal active radar phase from an acquisition range of about 15 km. The 9B-1348 active radar seeker is a multifunction Doppler monopulse system, believed to operate in J-band (10 to 20 GHz), with a home-on-jam mode capability. The seeker weight is 16 kg, without a radome. Reports indicate that early MiG-29 and Su-27 aircraft radars could only launch AA-12 missiles at a single target, but later radar modifications allow two separate targets to be engaged simultaneously. The aircraft datalink has a maximum range of 50 km, although a later modification is reported to increase this range to 100 km. From photographs, there appear to be four update command link antennas on the forebody assembly, similar to those seen on AA-7 `Apex' and AA-10 `Alamo', and an active laser fuze is located next to the warhead section. The warhead is a HE blast fragmentation type weighing 22 kg, and reports suggest that a directional warhead may be fitted as an improvement. The rear control fins have an extended span of 0.75 m but are folded for aircraft carriage. Each fin consists of five thin aerofoil sections mounted in a rectangular cage assembly measuring about 240 105 mm, with aerofoils set at 45 and 135 to the line of the relevant wing. A round collar at the base of each fin probably holds the outer fin cage together and is mounted onto an electrical actuator stub shaft. The propulsion system is reported to be a two-stage solid propellant motor giving the missile a range in the region of 75 km, and a snap-up/snap-down capability of 10 km (33,000 ft). The AA-12 has a probable maximum velocity of about M3.0. Higher speeds have been reported but these are thought to be unlikely because of the problems associated with radome heating rather than with motor performance. Unconfirmed reports suggest that AA-12 has been designed for internal carriage on new aircraft, as the rear control fins fold down. It is believed that the missiles will be ejected from the internal carriage bay using ejection release units, but the carriage on Su-27 and MiG-29 aircraft is on APU series rail launchers. The minimum launch range is 300 m and the maximum around 75 km, with intercepts against targets at altitudes from 20 m up to 30 km (100,000 ft). AA-12 is reported to have the capability to intercept aircraft manoeuvring up to 12 g, and to have a maximum flight time of 100 seconds. Operational status It is believed that AA-12 `Adder' started development in 1982, with the first flight test in 1984, and with development completed in 1991. A small number of missiles, believed to be around 200, were built in the Ukraine between 1984 and 1994. These missiles were used for the Russian Air Force initial operational evaluation, which used around 100 missiles and was completed in 1996. Further missiles were probably used for export sales demonstrators up to around 1999. Manufacture and further development was transferred to Vympel NPO in Russia in 1993, and the first new evaluation missiles started to be delivered from 1998. The AA-12 is not yet in operational service with the Russian Air Force, although some pre-production missiles are believed to be being used for evaluation and aircraft clearance trials in Russia. It is expected that a Russian Air Force order would be for the improved R-77M version. The missile has been offered for export since 1992, as the R-77E, and reports in 1995 indicated that China, India and Malaysia would probably receive AA-12 missiles. Malaysia received a small number of Ukrainian-built missiles for evaluation in 1996, and these were fitted to MiG-29N aircraft. Confirmation of a production order by Malaysia for the Russian-built version has not been made public. China is believed to have ordered 100 missiles for evaluation on Su-30MKK aircraft, and it is expected that if this is successful then China will start to build the R-129 version under license. Indian aircrew have tested AA-12 missiles in Russia from MiG-29SE and modified MiG-21/93 aircraft in 1999 and 2000. An unconfirmed report in 2000 suggested that Peru ordered 30 missiles for evaluation. Specifications Length: 3.6 m Body diameter: 200 mm Wing span: 0.4 m Launch weight: 175 kg Warhead: 22 kg HE fragmentation Fuze: Active laser Guidance: Inertial, command and active radar Propulsion: Solid propellant Range: 75 km

Contractors It is believed that the initial design of AA-12 was made by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine, and that later design and production was transferred to Vympel NPO, Moscow. MRI Agat Moscow (radar seeker). UPDATED An AA-12 (R-77) medium-range air-to-air missile under an Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft at Farnborough Air Show in 1994 (Duncan Lennox) (1994)

A close-up view of the rear control fins of the AA-12 `Adder' (R-77) missile (Duncan Lennox) (1998)

AA-12 (1994)

AA-12 `Adder' (R-77) missile displayed at Farnborough in 1996, mounted on an AKY-170E pylon (Duncan Lennox) (1997)

A trial launch of an AA-12 (R-77) missile from a MiG-29 `Fulcrum' (via Nick Cook) (1996)

The active radar seeker assembly, 9B-1348, for the AA-12 `Adder' missile (Duncan Lennox) (1997)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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7 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

AA-11 `ARCHER' (R-73, R-74)Type Medium-range, IR-guided air-to-air missile. Development AA-11 `Archer' is the NATO designator and codename given to this fourth-generation short-range IR-guided air-to-air missile. This missile has the Russian designation R-73 and there are two versions known as R-73M1 and R-73M2. The development of `Archer' probably started in the late 1970s, and it is believed that the missile entered service around 1987. The missile was developed by the Molniya OKB in Ukraine, probably the same design bureau that developed the AA-8 `Aphid', for there are some similar features between the two missiles. However, `Archer' was designed for use by fighter aircraft against agile opponent fighters, for the design emphasises manoeuvrability. The missile has been cleared for carriage on the Su-27 `Flanker', upgraded MiG-21 `Fishbed', MiG-23 `Flogger', MiG-29 `Fulcrum', MiG-31 `Foxhound' and MiG-31M. AA-11 was seen fitted to a Su-24MK 'Fencer D' aircraft in 2000, together with a helmet-mounted sighting system. Also in 2000, a South African Mirage F1 was exhibited with AA-11 missiles and a Kentron helmet-mounted sight, probably for export when the Mirage F1 aircraft are sold. It is expected that AA-11 missiles will be fitted to the Su-30, Su-32, Su-34 and Su-35 aircraft. In addition, missiles have been seen fitted to an upgraded Romanian SA 330 Puma helicopter. AA-11 is carried on P-72 rail launchers, which have a nitrogen IR seeker coolant bottle inside the launcher assembly. The `Flanker' has been seen with AA-11 `Archer' missiles on the two wingtip pylons, and on the two outboard wing pylons. In addition, a mixed load of AA-8 `Aphid', AA-11 `Archer' and AA-10 `Alamo' has been seen on the `Flanker'; with the AA-8 on the outboard wing pylons, AA-11 on the centre wing pylons and AA-10 (radar version) on the inner wing pylons. The Su-27 is capable of carrying up to six AA-11 missiles. Both the Su-27 `Flanker' and MiG-29 `Fulcrum' have helmet-mounted sights for the pilot to designate the AA-11 `Archer' missiles to targets at large off-boresight angles, outside the field of view of the head-up displays. It is possible that an improved AA-11 missile will be produced as a gimbal-mounted motor nozzle assembly is reported to be in development by Vympel NPO. This would improve both manoeuvrability and range for AA-11, with reports of a 40 km range, or it could be used as a prototype for the next-generation short-range air-to-air missile. It is known that an improved variant of AA-11 has the Russian designator R-74, but the differences between this and the earlier R-73 versions remain unclear. It is believed that R-74 represents a compromise lower cost improvement in comparison to that proposed by Vympel, using an improved seeker and improved TVC (but using vanes in the exhaust as on the R-73). However an unconfirmed report suggests that R-74 is a longer and heavier missile, with a length of 3.2 m and launch weight of 115 kg, designed for attacking targets in the rear hemisphere behind the launch aircraft. It is believed that the rearwards-launched missile has a range of between 1 and 12 km against following aircraft targets. Reports in 1994 indicated that trials have been made of AA-11 from the

wingtip pylon of a modified Su-27 `Flanker', with the missile rotated to face aft just before launch. An Su-32 FN aircraft displayed in 1997 showed what was believed to be a rotating wingtip pylon, and it is believed that a similar pylon is fitted to the Su-30 MKI aircraft. The Su-34 prototype has a rearward-facing radar mounted between the engine nozzles. It is also believed that a rear-firing AA-11 will be provided on production Su-34 aircraft. In 1996 some AA-11 missiles were displayed without any front fins at all, and with larger-span rear wings. These might simply have been training acquisition rounds, or a prototype tail control successor to AA-11 `Archer'. In 1997, unconfirmed reports suggested that an improved seeker was available for the AA-11 missile, with two externally mounted detectors to increase the sensitivity. It is believed that this modification to the seeker assembly uses similar detectors to those provided in the UA-96 modification to the AA-8 `Aphid' seeker. An unconfirmed report from Serbia stated that a ground-launched version of AA-11 was developed and used in 1999. Two missiles were fitted on standard aircraft launch rails on a converted Praga M53/59 armoured vehicle chassis, in place of two 30 mm cannon. Description AA-11 `Archer' has at the nose four small swept rectangular moving control fins or sensors, followed by four fixed rectangular fins, and then four clipped-tip triangular moving fins. These three sets of fins are all in line. The front row of `fins' has small counterweights, and these are angle of incidence sensors for the control system, enabling the missile to manoeuvre at up to 40 incidence. The missile has four rectangular wings at the rear, with moving control surfaces at their trailing edges. In addition, there are four thrust vector control vanes in the motor efflux. All the moving control surfaces are powered by pressurised gas through an accumulator. There is a cable loom strake running the length of the missile. This complex combination of control systems was designed to give the missile good manoeuvrability both at launch, for use against off-boresight targets, and at the end of flight to counter the agility of any target fighters. `Archer' is 2.9 m long, has a body diameter of 170 mm, front fin span of 0.38 m, a wing span of 0.51 m and a weight of 105 kg (R-73M1) or 110 kg (R-73M2). The missile has inertial mid-course guidance with a terminal two-colour IR seeker, and it is believed to have an all-aspect engagement capability as well as the ability to discriminate against flare decoys. The 0S Mk-80 seeker assembly is manufactured by CDO Arsenal in the Ukraine, and has a range of 15 km in the forward hemisphere with a field of view of 75. AA-11 has the capability to be designated and to lock onto a target before launch, with designation from the aircraft radar, IRST or the pilot's helmet-mounted sight. The warhead weighs 7.4 kg and has been described as a fragmenting rod type by the design bureau. The fuze appears to be an active radar type, similar to that used on AA-8 `Aphid', which is surprising since the West has found that active laser fuzes give a better performance for short- or medium-range all-aspect air-to-air missiles. It is therefore possible that two fuze types can be fitted and a 1997 report indicated that an active laser fuze is fitted to the R-73EL version. The solid propellant motor has boost and sustain burn phases, as the motor must be burning for as long as possible to use the thrust vector control system. The R-73M1 version has a minimum range of 300 m and a maximum range of 20 km, with an off-boresight capability for target designation before launch out to 45, using the helmet-mounted sight. The R-73M2 version has an off-boresight capability improved to 60, and a maximum range against a typical fighter target of 30 km. Both R-73M1 and R-73M2 missiles can track targets in flight with off-boresight angles greater than these designation limits, increasing to 60 and 80 respectively. It is believed that the missiles can follow targets manoeuvring at up to 12 g, with sightline spin rates of up to 60/s. AA-11 `Archer' can engage targets at altitudes from 20 m up to 20 km. R-73M2 has digital control electronics and IRCCM, which presumably can be reprogrammed as decoy flares change. The greater range means that this version has a longer burning rocket motor, with suggestions that this missile can turn through 180 after launch. The R-73M2 version is believed to have a capability to attack low-flying missiles. Operational status It is believed that AA-11 `Archer' (R-73M1 version) entered service in Russia during 1987 and that the later R-73M2 version entered service in 1996. The improved R-74 version has been flight tested from 1994, but is not yet operational. There have been reports that AA-11 missiles have been exported to Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Malaysia, Moldavia, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen and Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). Some 100 AA-11 missiles were purchased by the USA in 1997, for evaluation purposes. Specifications Length R-73M1 2.9 m R-73M2 2.9 m 170 mm 0.51 m 110 kg

Body diameter 170 mm Wing span 0.51 m Launch weight 105 kg

Warhead Fuze Guidance Propulsion Range Contractors

7.4 kg HE fragmenting rod 7.4 kg HE fragmenting rod Active radar Inertial and IR Solid propellant 20 km Active radar Inertial and IR Solid propellant 30 km

Initial design was by the Molniya OKB, completed by Vympel NPO, Moscow (prime contractor). The seeker assembly is manufactured by CDO Arsenal Kiev, Ukraine. UPDATED Two AA-11 `Archer' (R-73) missiles fitted to an Su-27 `Flanker' aircraft (Paul Beaver) (1998) The nose section of an AA-11 `Archer' missile, showing the angle of incidence sensors, fixed fins and moving fins. The radar fuze antenna is behind the umbilical cable connector, fitted to an extension section (Duncan Lennox) (1998) A rear view of AA-11 `Archer', showing the control surfaces on the wing trailing edges and the thrust vector control vanes (Duncan Lennox) (1998)

AA-11 `Archer' (1992)

The wingtip pylon assembly on an Su-32FN aircraft displayed at Paris in 1997. It is believed that this pylon can rotate through 180 to launch an AA-11 missile at a following aircraft target (Duncan Lennox) (1998) Two seekers displayed by CDO Arsenal in 1997, for the AA-11 `Archer' (left) and AA-8 `Aphid' (right). It is believed that two externally mounted detectors have been added to the AA-11 missile seeker assembly, similar to the four shown around the AA-8 missile seeker assembly in this picture (Duncan Lennox) (1998)

The active laser fuze window on a modified AA-11 missile, displayed at Paris in 1999 (Duncan Lennox) (2000)

2001 Jane's Information Group

Duncan Lennox

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7 Images AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES, RUSSIAN FEDERATIONDate Posted: 09 November 2001 Jane's Air-Launched Weapons 38

AA-10 `ALAMO' (R-27)Type Medium- and long-range, IR and radar-guided, air-to-air missiles. Development AA-10 `Alamo' is the NATO code and designation for the Russian fourth-generation IR and radar-guided air-to-air missiles. The Russian designator is R-27 and the `Alamo' missiles were designed by the same bureau that designed the AA-7 `Apex' missiles and which is now known as V