Russia leaves World War I in 1917Russia leaves World War I in 1917The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution

Vs.

Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with a great divide between classes. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Czar. This led to revolution…

Causes of the Russian RevolutionCauses of the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution put the Tsar in. . . .The Russian Revolution put the Tsar in. . . .

J.A.I.LJ.A.I.L

Why Was the Russian Tsar Put in Why Was the Russian Tsar Put in J.A.I.LJ.A.I.L??

Causes of the Russian RevolutionCauses of the Russian Revolution

NationalismNationalism

Social InjusticeSocial Injustice

Unpopular Methods of RuleUnpopular Methods of Rule

Economic DistressEconomic Distress

Japan humiliates Russia in Japan humiliates Russia in Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War

JJ

Q: Which causes would make the Q: Which causes would make the Russian people want to revolt after the Russian people want to revolt after the defeat by Japan? Why?defeat by Japan? Why?J

A lot of military losses in A lot of military losses in WW IWW I

JJ

Q: Which causes would make soldiers Q: Which causes would make soldiers in the Russian army want to revolt in the Russian army want to revolt after large military defeats? Why?after large military defeats? Why?A

Incompetence of Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas IITsar Nicholas II

JJ

Food and fuel shortages – TsarFood and fuel shortages – Tsar

could NOT helpcould NOT help..

Q: Which causes would make Q: Which causes would make people want to revolt because of people want to revolt because of an incompetent tsar and food an incompetent tsar and food shortages? Why?shortages? Why?

I

Landless peasants want landLandless peasants want landJJ

Peasants worked land they didn’t Peasants worked land they didn’t ownown..

Q: Which causes would make landless Q: Which causes would make landless peasants want to revolt? Why?peasants want to revolt? Why?

L

Who were the Bolsheviks?Who were the Bolsheviks? Means "majority" in RussianMeans "majority" in Russian Became the Became the CommunistCommunist party in Russia party in Russia Promised to improve working conditions for the poorPromised to improve working conditions for the poor The Bolsheviks financed their work by party supported The Bolsheviks financed their work by party supported

robberies –referred to as “regrettable necessities”. Only robberies –referred to as “regrettable necessities”. Only individuals or institutions carrying state funds were targeted.individuals or institutions carrying state funds were targeted.

The leader of the Bolsheviks was V.I. LeninThe leader of the Bolsheviks was V.I. Lenin

““We cannot be guided by the mood of the We cannot be guided by the mood of the masses; that is changeable and masses; that is changeable and

unaccountable. The masses have given their unaccountable. The masses have given their confidence to the Bolsheviks and ask from confidence to the Bolsheviks and ask from

them not words but deeds.” (Lenin)  them not words but deeds.” (Lenin)  

VladimirVladimir LeninLenin Sent into exile during 1Sent into exile during 1stst Russian Revolution Russian Revolution Brought back to Russia by the German governmentBrought back to Russia by the German government Led “Led “RedsReds” (Communists) in the ” (Communists) in the Civil WarCivil War against the against the

““WhitesWhites” (anti-Communists)” (anti-Communists) When the Russian Empire collapsed in 1918, Lenin When the Russian Empire collapsed in 1918, Lenin

became the 1became the 1stst premier of the new premier of the new Soviet Union in 1922 Soviet Union in 1922

Lenin’s party – Bolsheviks/CommunistsLenin’s party – Bolsheviks/Communists Lenin believed – SocialismLenin believed – Socialism Lenin promised – Peace, Land, BreadLenin promised – Peace, Land, Bread

Lenin’s New Economic Lenin’s New Economic PolicyPolicy

A compromise between the ideas of A compromise between the ideas of CommunismCommunism and and Capitalism Capitalism (policy of “war communism” during the (policy of “war communism” during the Civil War brought Russia’s economy to near collapse)Civil War brought Russia’s economy to near collapse)

Allowed some Allowed some capitalistcapitalist ventures: state kept control ventures: state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries; of banks, foreign trade, and large industries; however, small businesses were allowed to reopen however, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profitfor private profit

Government stopped seizing grain from peasants: Government stopped seizing grain from peasants: peasants kept land and freely sold their surplus cropspeasants kept land and freely sold their surplus crops

Results of NEP:Results of NEP: Helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed Helped the Soviet economy recover and ended armed

resistance to the new governmentresistance to the new government Food and industrial production climbed back to prewar Food and industrial production climbed back to prewar

levelslevels Standard of living improvedStandard of living improved

*Lenin always saw the NEP as just a temporary retreat from Communism. His successor, Joseph Stalin, would return the Soviet Union to “pure” Communism.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Stalin defeated Leon Stalin defeated Leon Trotsky and took control Trotsky and took control of the Soviet Union after of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s deathLenin’s death

In the years before In the years before World War II, Stalin used World War II, Stalin used ruthless measures to ruthless measures to win dictatorial power – win dictatorial power – more on that to come…more on that to come…