russia: a comprehensive look
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Russia: A Comprehensive Look. Russia/Geography. World’s largest country, lies on Europe and Asia Gigantic size and harsh climates make transportation difficult Ural Mountains form border between Europe and Asia European Russia is warmer than Asian Russia - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Russia: A Comprehensive Look
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Russia/Geography• World’s largest country, lies on Europe and Asia
• Gigantic size and harsh climates make transportation difficult
• Ural Mountains form border between Europe and Asia
• European Russia is warmer than Asian Russia
• 75% of population live in European Russia
• Siberia = large part of land that crosses northern and central Russia into Asia, people have to travel from village to village by helicopter because it is so large and is covered by ice
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Ural Mountains
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Siberia
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Geography• Russia touches many inland bodies of water such as
Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Lake Baikal
• Lake Baikal = World’s deepest freshwater lake, holds almost 20% of the world’s supply of unfrozen freshwater
• Caucasus Mountains = south of European Russia
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Lake Baikal
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Economy• Russia has large deposits of coal, oil, and gas• Southwestern area can produce high yields of grains• Fishing industry is one of the largest in the world• Forests of Siberia provide plenty of timber• However, Russia’s economy is not strong due to
years of communist control of farms and factories which denied people the experience of creating jobs, starting businesses, and making money
• Moscow = political, economic, and transportation center of Russia
• Kaliningrad and St. Petersburgh = northwestern ports
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Moscow
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Inside the Kremlin
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Economy• Siberia has the largest supply of minerals
• Volga River carries almost ½ of Russia’s river traffic and provides water for irrigation and hydroelectric power
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Volga River
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Culture• Over 145 million people and over 150
different ethnic groups
• 80% = Slavs
• Religions =Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, or Jewish
• St. Petersburg = founded in 1703 by Peter the Great whose goal was to make the city a “Window of the West”
• St. Petersburg has many beautiful museums and is home to the Marinsky Theatre = one of Russia’s top ballet companies
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Slavic Church Architecture – Slavic Church Architecture – Onion DomesOnion Domes
RuralRuralUrbanUrban
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Slavic Russian Orthodox Christians
Carrying Icons
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Typ
ical
Ort
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ox I
con
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Peter the Great
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Culture• Russians enjoy all kinds of literature,
including folktales called skazki
• Russian Orthodox Church = incredibly popular and thriving even though communism tried to eliminate it
• Russian Orthodoxy was responsible for a Slavic alphabet called Cyrillic
• ¾ of Russian people live in cities, mostly in large apartment blocks
• New Years is most festive holiday
• Russian workers are celebrated on May Day
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Soviet style apartment blocksSoviet style apartment blocks
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Vladimir I ChoseEastern Orthodoxy
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History• During Ad 800, Slavs built a civilization
around the city of Kiev = Kievan Rus
• Mongols swept in during the 1200’s and greatly reduced Kiev’s wealth and power
• In 1480, Ivan III drove out the Mongols
• Russian rulers slowly expanded their power and land size = called czars, had complete and total control over the government
• Czars Peter the Great and Catherine the Great expanded territory
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IVAN III
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Catherine the Great
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History• At the bottom of society were great masses
of people called serfs = farm laborers who were attached to the land
• Serfs lived hard lives and few could read and write
• In 1861, Czar Alexander II, known as Czar-liberator, freed the serfs from being tied to the land
• In late 1800’s, began to industrialize to rely more on manufacturing and less on farming
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Czar Alexander II
Freed the Serfs
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Czar Nicholas II
ANASTASIA
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Soviet Era• In 1917, political leaders, soldiers, and factory
workers forced Czar Nicholas II to give up the throne
• Vladimir Lenin led a second revolution and seized control, set up a communist government, which had strict control of the government and society
• In 1922 Russian Communist leaders formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics = U.S.S.R
• Joseph Stalin took power after Lenin died, government took tighter control of country and many people suffered
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Communist Sniper
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Did you laugh?
• I hope you laughed.
• It felt good to laugh, didn’t it?
• Laughing promotes good health.
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Vladimir Lenin
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Joseph Stalin
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An iron curtain descended across Europe!
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Soviet Era• After WWII, Stalin set up communist governments
in many neighboring Eastern European countries
• From late 1940’s to late 1980’s US and USSR waged a Cold War, in which both nations competed for world influence without actually fighting each other
• Cuban Missile Crisis = hottest point
• Soviet Union included Russians and people from many other ethnic groups
• In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev took power and relaxed Soviet control
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Cold War Movies
Rocky IV 13 Days
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Soviet Era• In late 1991, each of the 15 republics made up of
Soviet Union declared independence and the Soviet Union dissolved
• Perestroika = economic restructuring
• Glasnost = increasing political openness and freedom of information
• Tore down the Berlin Wall
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Berlin Wall
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Change from Communism• Changed from communism to free enterprise
immediately
• Under communism everyone had jobs, workers today can lose their jobs when business is poor
• Without government controls, prices have risen making it harder to buy necessities such as food, clothing
• Major Environmental issues due to the old Soviet government making factories and nuclear plants that polluted the environment
• Diseases have resulted from air pollution
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Challenges of Change• Russia is a democracy today• Russian president has more power than US,
can implement plans that are not passed by legislature
• Facing challenges of learning how to be a democracy
• Ethnic groups want to form their own country
• Chechens of Chechnya want their own nation, have used terrorism to get attention, Russia has had to use force to keep them in the country
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Fin