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15Giving an Oral Presentation

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Learning Outcomes

• Plan and develop the introduction, body, and conclusion of an oral presentation.

• Choose and prepare visual aids for an oral presentation.

• Deliver an oral presentation using an outline or note cards.

• Plan and deliver an effective group presentation.

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Developing the Introduction (LO 15.1)

Gain the audience’s attention.• Ask a thought-provoking question.

• Reference a relevant quote.

• Tell a brief story or description.

• Share a shocking statistic, a surprising statement, or a comparison.

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Developing the Introduction (contd.)

State the thesis.• Make sure your thesis covers your

topic as well as your opinion.

• Don’t be too wordy.

• Memorize your thesis.

• Look directly at the audience when stating your thesis.

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Preview your main points• Provide your audience with an idea

of what they should learn from your presentation.

• Be clear about the main points in case the audience is taking notes.

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Preview your main points (contd.)• If using a research paper as the basis

of your presentation, select only the most interesting and relevant points.

• You do not need to use everypoint from the paper.

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Developing the Body (LO 15.1)

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Developing the Body (contd.)

Use or combine organization strategies:

• Explaining causes and effects

• Persuading

• Evaluating

• Solving a problem

• Narrating

• Describing

• Explaining a process

• Comparing and contrasting

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Developing the Body (contd.)

Transition smoothly • Select signal words in advance.

Cite sources•Mention any sources used in the presentation.•Always include citations of your sources.•Work on incorporating the citations without hindering the flow of the presentation.

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Developing the Conclusion (LO 10.1)

• Restate the thesis using slightly different words than those used in the introduction.

• Summarize the main points, but do not restate each detail or example.

• End with a statement, quote, or story that will leave a memorable impression on the audience.

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Developing the Conclusion (contd.)

• Thank the audience at the end of your presentation to signal its conclusion.

• Answer questions.– Anticipate questions the audience may

ask.

– Be prepared by having notes handy.

– Be honest if you do not know the answer.

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Choosing Visual Aids (LO 15.2)

Objects or models • Make sure the visual aid is large

enough for the every member of the audience to see.

• Choose a model or object that is easy to bring to or set up for your presentation.

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Choosing Visual Aids (contd.)

Posters • Use posters to display photographs,

drawings, maps, charts, graphs, timelines, or small objects.• Make sure the poster is neat and

professional.• Ensure that the entire audience can

see it.

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Flip charts or white boards• Use flip charts or white boards to

record audience responses.• Write large enough for the audience to

see.• Write only small amounts of

information.• Face your listeners as much as

possible.

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Media Presentation• Write short sentences or phrases on each

slide.• Elaborate on points during your

presentation.• Avoid overusing color or styles.• Choose relevant artwork when appropriate.• Use added features such as sound clips

and slide transitions conservatively.

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Video clips• Use video clips that relate to your

topic.• Make sure the clip is ready and

can be shown on demand.

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Handouts• Use handouts as a backup if technical

problems occur.• Distribute the papers at the end of

your talk to avoid listener distraction.• Make sure the handout is professional

and visually appealing.• Check for spelling or layout errors.

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Delivering an Oral Presentation (LO 15-3)

Get psyched.• Stay positive.• Visualize yourself giving a great

presentation.• Take a deep breath before

beginning.• Look for smiling faces.

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Delivering an Oral Presentation (contd.)

Use an outline or note cards.•Do not write out your entire speech.•Use an outline or note cards to keep focused on your main points.• Include quotes, statistics, or sources that you want to mention.• Focus on your audience more than your notes.

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Speak clearly and enthusiastically.• Your audience will likely be excited if

you demonstrate enthusiasm.• Vary your pitch and tone to

emphasize important words.• Enunciate your words carefully.• Speak at an appropriate pace.

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Communicate nonverbally.• Your audience will watch your nonverbal cues.• Your facial expressions, posture, clothing, hand gestures, and eye contact impact your message.•Be professional and confident.•Do not apologize if you make a mistake or forget something – Just correct and keep going!

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Incorporate visual aids.•Decide in advance when and how you willuse visual aids.

•Display visual aids only as you reference them.

•Hold visual aids up and away from your body.

•Do not pass visual aids around the room during your presentation.

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Incorporate visual aids (contd.)• If using PowerPoint, don’t read directly from each slide—instead, use keywords to help remember main points.

Have a backup plan•Have a plan in case something goes wrong.•Bring additional materials in case technology issues arise.

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Practice your presentation.• Practice giving your speech several times.

• If possible, gather a small audience to listen as you practice.

• Practice in front of a mirror if an audience is not available.

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Practice your presentation.• Try different methods for using your note cards and visual aids.

• You may want to record your presentation.

•Watch and critique the video recording.

• Time yourself to make sure your presentation meets time requirements.

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Group Presentations (LO 15.4)

Establish goals.• Make sure all group members

understand and are willing to work toward the established goals.

• Keep your overall purpose in mind.

• Set reasonable goals.

• Set benchmarks for establishing tasks.

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Group Presentations (contd.)

Assign roles.• Assign a specific job to each group

member.

• Make sure all members are clear on their responsibilities.

• Be aware that members may need to work outside of class time, away from the group.

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Participate in group meetings.• Establish meeting times where everyone can participate.

•Utilize e-mail or other forms of technology if face-to-face meetings are impossible.

•All members need to cooperate and contribute ideas to the presentation.

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Organize the group presentation.•Decide who will say what during the presentation.

• If the group can’t agree on a specific point, then go with the majority rule.

•Be willing to compromise to help the group accomplish the desired goals.

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Practice the group presentation.• Practice in advance.

•Have a dress rehearsal that includes the

use of visual aids.

•Make sure the presentation flows smoothly.

•Make sure each group member knows his or her part.

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Deliver the group presentation.• If a group member is absent, assign his or her part to another member.

•Members should show enthusiasm, communicate nonverbally, and incorporate visual aids smoothly.

•Keep going, even if someone makes a mistake!

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