ruralmunicipality no. 45sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/publications/surveys/sk/sk45/sk45_report.pdf · page...

RURAL MUNICIPALITY No. 45

®

Saskatchewan Institute of PedologyPublication SM45

I THE SOILS OF

MANKOTA

, SASKATCHEWAN

' MAY 1, 1993

1

, bY

.Staff, Saskatchewan Soil Survey

SASKATCHEWAN INSTITUTE OF PEDOLOGYUniversity of Saskatchewan

t

I 4_~ SaskatchewanAgriculture

MillAnd Food

, AgricultureDevelopmentFund

RURAL MUNICIPALITY No. 45

Canada-SaskatchewanA .- tgOn Soil Conservation

Centre For Land and BiologicalResources Research,Land Resources Division,Agriculture CanadaPublication 93-19

1+1 AgricultureCanada

ResearchBranch

STAFF, SASKATCHEWAN SOIL SURVEY

Map and Report Compilation : C.R . HilliardProgram Directors: D.W. Anderson, Director, H.P.W. Rostad, Associate Director, Saskatchewan

Institute of Pedology, SaskatoonSoil Correlation : H.B . StonehouseProject Supervisors : W.D . Eilers and A.J . AndersonSoil Mapping : M.M. Boehm, D.C. Clarke, C.R . Hilliard, P.M. Krug, R.A . McBride, T.A . Nerbas,

D.D. Whiting and A.B . WoloschukSecretarial: S.S.M . WoodDrafting: P.M. SardinhaGeographical Information System: S.R.E . JohnsonLaboratory : B.G . Goetz, J.D . Key and C.L . MacCuish

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .1-1

1 .1 Using the Soil Map and Report . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .1-1

2 . INTRODUCTION TO SOILS .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .2-1

2.1 The Soil Profile . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..2-12.2 The Soil Map . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..2-12.3 Surface Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2-12.4 Surface Forms . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .2-22.5 Surface Texture . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .2-3

3 . DESCRIPTION OF SOILS . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .3-1

4 . SOIL INTERPRETATIONS . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .4-1

4.1 Salinity . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .4-14.2 Irrigation Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. .4-34.3 Stones . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .4-54.4 Soil Capability for Agriculture . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .4-64.5 Surface pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .4-84.6 Wetlands Classification . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .4-94.7 Wind Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .4-104.8 Water Erosion . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . :. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . :4-114.9 Past Wind and Water Erosion . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .4-124.10 Sand and Gravel .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .4-134.11 Soil Moisture and Yield . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .4-144.12 Deep Tillage . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .4-15

5 . ACREAGE FACTS .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .5-1

6 . INTERPRETIVE DATA TABLES . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .6-1

7 . GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .7-1

8 . FURTHER INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .8-1

KEY MAP .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . ..8-2

MAP (in pocket)

1

1. INTRODUCTIONThis publication continues the series of soil survey

reports for Saskatchewan initiated on an R.M. basis in 1984 .This series ofpublications is a continuation ofthe basic soilsurvey program in the Province, initiated in 1958 ; however,the publication format has been substantially changed toinclude more interpretive information on an R.M. basis .

The main purpose ofasoil survey is to inventory the soilresources of an area, providing a description of the soils andshowing theirextent and distribution . It hasbecome increas-ingly apparent, however, that many users require additionalinterpretive information for the resolution of production,conservation and other problems related to a particular setofsoil conditions . To that end, this report also presents anumber of interpretations based on the soil inventory infor-mation .

In order to gain the most information about any particu-lar areawithin the municipality, both the soil map and reportmust be used together .

1.1 USING THE SOIL MAP ANDREPORT

Each delineation on the soil map contains a map symboland a unique number which are described and illustratedbelow.

Figure 1. Sequence of Symbols .

The Soil Map Symbol

The map symbol is made up of a soil association code,amap unit number, and in some cases a substrate modifiercode, along with a surface texture code in the numerator anda code composed of numbers and letters indicating the slopeclass and surface form of the landscape in the denominator.Abriefexplanation ofeach ofthese map symbol componentsis provided in the legend on the side of the map. The legenddescribes the general type of soil development, the geologicmaterial in which each soil has developed, and in complexareas, where each geologic material occurs in the landscape,as well as the kinds of soils comprising each map unit.

Delineation Number and SoilInterpretations

Each map delineation contains a unique number whichis used toreference additional soils and interpretive informa-tion in Section 6 ofthe report . This section provides a tabularlisting of interpretive symbols for each delineation . Anexplanationof thesesymbols isprovided under the appropri-ate subsection in Section 4 entitled "Soil Interpretations ."

Example

Todeterminethe agricultural capabilityclassification for area16 (used in the example below), rum to Section 6 and look upthe number 16 listed in the left-hand column under theheading, "Area No." . Next, read across to the symbols listedin the column headed, "Agricultural Capability". Thesesymbols areexplained in Subsection4.4, entitled, "Soil Capa-bility for Agriculture" .

Soil Association:AdVa (Ardill-Valor)

Surface Form : ud(undulating dissected)

2. INTRODUCTION TOSOILS

The nature and agriculturally important properties ofthe soils of the area are described in succeeding sectionsof this report. The present section, largely adapted fromH.C . Moss, in A Guide to Understanding SaskatchewanSoils, deals mainly with features common to most prairiesoils .

2.1 THE SOIL PROFILE

A soil is a natural body that occupies a relatively thinsection (usually less than a meter) of the earth's surface andconsists of several layers or horizons which differ inappearance and composition from the underlying material.Its formation from the original geological deposit involvesvarious physical, chemical and biological processes whichresult in the formation of individual layers or horizons,extending from the surface downwards, that have specificcharacteristics . The whole succession of layers down toand including the original geological deposit is called thesoil profile . Each individual layer is called a soil horizon .A particular soil is recognized and separated from othersoils by identifying the various layers or horizons whichmake up its profile. The recognition ofsoil profiles forms thebasis of soil classification and mapping .

The soils of Saskatchewan are classified according toanational system of soil classification and the names givento the soils are derived, in part, from this system . Forexample, an orthic profile is a soil whose characteristics aredefined as an Orrhic Chernozemic soil of the Nationalsystem .

In profiles of mineral soils, three main horizons arerecognized . From the surface downward, these are desig-nated by the letters A, B, and C. TheAhorizon forms all orpart of the surface soil . It may be dark colored representingan accumulation of humus, or it may be a light-coloredhorizon from which clay, humus and other materials havebeen removed. TheB horizon occurs immediately below theAhorizon. Itmayhavean accumulation ofclayandmayhavebeen altered to give a change in color or structure . The Chorizon occupies the lower portion of the soil profile andusually represents the parent material . It is relatively unaf-fected by soil forming processes operative in the A and Bhorizon.

2.2 THE SOIL MAP

Ideally, the arearepresented by each soil profile shouldbe shown on the map. This, however, is onlypossible wherelarge, uniform areas of a single soil occur, orin detailed soilsurveys where small areas can be separated on the map .Since, on the semi-detailed maps, it is rarely possible todelineate areas ofa single soil, it is almost always necessary

Page 2-1

to combine small areas of several soils into a larger area.These larger areas are represented on the map by a mapunit that identifies the kinds and distribution of the compo-nent soil profiles.

The soil association is used to show the relationshipbetween map units that have formed on a similargeological deposit withina particular soil zone . The OxbowAssociation,for instance, is thename given toa group ofsoilprofiles formed on loamy glacial till occurring in the blacksoil zone. The various map units of the Oxbow Associationreflect variations in the kind anddistribution ofOxbow soilsfrom one area to the next .

Where two geological deposits occur within a deline-ated area on the map, two associations are used. As anexample, Meota-Oxbow is the name given to a group ofsoils of the Meota and Oxbow soil associations. Differentmap units ofthis complex areused toreflectvariations in thekind and distribution of Meota and Oxbow soils from onearea to the next . As an exception, areas in which severalgeological deposits occur in a somewhat chaotic andunpredictable pattern throughout the landscape are oftengiven a single association name. Forexample, Keppel is thename given to soils formed in a highly complex mixture ofloamy glacial till, silty water-modified glacial till and siltyglaciolacustrine materials .

It is possible also to find soils reflecting the character-istics of two soil zones within a local area . Under thesecircumstances, two associations are used to reflect thesedifferent soil properties. For example, Black and Dark Graysoils that occur together are mapped in the Oxbow-White-wood complex, the Oxbow referring to the Black soils andWhitewood to the Dark Gray soils .

The soil map, then, attempts to portray the kinds anddistribution of various soil profiles throughout the munici-pality . The symbols on the map identify the soil map unit,the soil texture, the slope class and surface form . The maplegend provides a briefdescription of these features. Morecomplete descriptions of individual soil associations andtheir componentsoil types areprovided in the Description ofSoils section of the report . The types of geological depositswhich comprise the parent materials of the various soilassociations, the surface forms or shape of the land, and thesoil's surface texture are described below .

2.3 SURFACE DEPOSITS

Alluvial Deposits - Alluvial deposits are materialslaid down by streams and rivers, in valley bottoms andcollection basins, since glaciation . These deposits are strati-fied and often contain beds or layers that are oblique to themain planes of stratification, indicative of their river orstream origin .

Eolian Deposits - Eolian deposits are sandy or siltydeposits that have been moved and redeposited by the wind,often in the form of sand dunes or silty loessial veneers orblankets. Eolian deposits are well-sorted, poorly compactedand may contain beds or layers .

2

Fluvial Deposits - Fluvial deposits are materials laiddown in rivers and streams carrying glacial meltwater.They are usually sandy or gravelly and, like the alluvialdeposits described above, maycontain beds or layers that areinclined or oblique to the main planes of stratification . Thesedeposits are usually thick.but may be thin, like a veneer, andunderlainby glacial till. Materials laid down indirectcontactwith the glacier are termed glaciofluvial .

Lacustrine Deposits - Lacustrine deposits are materi-als laid down in a glacial lake . These deposits are oftenstratified andcharacterized by dark- and light-colored bedsor layers reflecting summer and winter depositional cyclesin a glacial lake . Lacustrine deposits usually have a highcontent of very fine sand-, silt- or clay-sized particles .Those dominated by sand-sized particles are termed loamylacustrine while those dominated by silt- and clay-sizedparticles are termed silty and clayey lacustrine, respec-tively . They are usually thick but may be thin, likea veneer,and underlain by glacial till or gravel. Materials laid down inclose contact with the glacier are termed glaciolacustrinedeposits .

Morainal Deposits - Morainal deposits, often re-ferred to as glacial till, are materials laid down by the glacialice. These deposits are generally comprised of stones andgravels embedded in a matrix of sand-, silt- and clay-sizedmaterials . When this matrix contains nearly equal amountsofsand,siltandclay theyarecalled loamymorainaldeposits .When there is a preponderance of sand or silt, they arereferred to as sandy morainal or silty morainal deposits,respectively . Usually, there are fewer stones and gravelspresent in silty morainal deposits than in sandy or loamytypes . Morainal deposits characterized by an abundance ofsurface stones are called bouldery morainal deposits .

Organic Deposits - Organic deposits are materialslaid down by the accumulation of plant remains . They aregenerally 40cm thick or greaterand are comprisedofeitherthe remains ofmosses or sedges and grasses and often haveinclusions of woody materials. When theorganic materialsare largely undecomposed, so that there is a large amountof well-preserved fiber that is readily identifiable as tobotanical origin, they are called fibric organic deposits.When the organic materials are in an intermediate stage ofdecomposition, so that there is an intermediate amount offiberthat is identifiable as to botanical origin, they are calledmesic organic deposits . Highly decomposed materials,which have a small amount of fiber that can be identified asto botanical origin, are called humic organic deposits .

Undifferentiated Deposits - Areas where the originof the materials for the purpose of mapping has not beenspecified are termed undifferentiated deposits . Thesedeposits, usually consisting ofseveral materials (morainal,fluvial, lacustrine, or others) occur in areas of steeplysloping land such as coulees and valley sides.

2.4 SURFACE FORMS

Aprons and Fans - A fan is a gently sloping fan-shaped area, usually occurring at the base of a valley wall,resulting from the accumulation of sediments brought downby a stream descending through a steep ravine. A series ofadjacent, coalescing fans is called an apron .

Hummocky - Landscapes with a complex pattern ofgenerally short, steep slopes extending from prominentknolls to somewhat rounded depressions or kettles aretermed hummocky . They are called hummocky dissectedwhere shallow gullies join one low areaorkettle to the nextand hummocky gullied where numerous, parallel orsubparallel, narrow ravines interrupt the hummockyfeatures of the landscape . Occasionally, areas have acomplex of ridged and hummocky features . They are calledhummocky-ridged.

Inclined - Landscapes in which the general slope is inone direction only arecalled inclined . Where shallow gulliesoccur along the slope, the areas are called inclined dis-sected; where a series of parallel or subparallel, deepgullies or ravines occur, they are called inclinedgullfed.

Level - Landscapes that are flat or have very gentlysloping surfaces are said to be level . Along flood plains ofrivers and streams where the level surface is broken byabandoned river channels they are called level channelled.

Ridged - Landscapesthat havealinear pattern, usuallyof shortand straight parallel ridges but sometimes a single,sinuous ridge or a series of intersecting ridges are termedridged .

Rolling - Landscapes that are characterized by a se-quence of long (often 1.6 km or greater), moderate to strongslopesextending from rounded, sometimes confined depres-sions to broad, rounded knolls, that impart a wave-likepattern to the land surface arecalled rolling . They are calleddissectedrolling where shallow gulliesjoin onelow area orkettle to the next.

Terraced - Areas, usually along a valley, that have asteep, short scarp slope and a horizontal or gently inclinedsurface above it are called terraced .

Undulating - Landscapes that are characterized by asequence of gentle slopes extending from smooth rises togentle hollows, that impart a wavelike pattern to the landsurface are called undulating . Where shallow gullies extendfrom one low area to the next in these landscapes they arecalled undulating dissected and where the undulating sur-face is broken by abandoned river channels they are calledundulating channelled.

3

2.5 SURFACE TEXTURE

Mineral soil is a mixture ofvarious-sized mineral parti-cles, decaying organic matter, air and water. The mineralparticles,exclusiveof stonesandgravel, maybegroupedintothree particle-size fractions: sands (soil particles between0.05 and 2 mm in diameter), silts (soil particles between0.002 and0.05 mm in diameter), and clays (soil particles lessthan 0.002 mm in diameter) . The relative proportions ofthese particle-size fractions in a soil determine its texture .The textural triangle (Figure 2) is used to illustrate theproportion of sand, silt and clay in the main textural classes.The verticalaxisis percent clay, thehorizontal axis ispercentsand, while the remainder ofeach class is percent silt. Thus,when sand is dominant, it yields a sandy- or coarse-texturedsoil, whereas a fine-textured soil is made up largelyofsiltandclay . The terms "light" and "heavy" are often used to referto sandy- and clayey-textured soils respectively, and areactually a measureofthe power requiredtotill the soil. Theseterms have nothing to do with the actual weight of soil, as agiven volume ofdry sand actually weighs slightly more thanthat of clay .

Table 1 . Soil texture classes.. . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .n. . .

;:

:'~'~~tR~:~~~SS

Coarse-Texturedgs Gravelly sands Sandfs Fine sandgls Gravelly loamy sandIs Loamy sandIfs Loamy fine sand

Moderately Coarse-Texturedgsl Gravelly sandy loamgl Gravelly loamsl Sandy loamfl Fine sandy loamVI Very fine sandy loam

Medium-Texturedscl Sandy clay loamfcl Fine sandy clay loamvcl Very fine sandy clay loam

1 LoamModerately Fine-Textured

sil Silt loam

cl Clay loamsicl Silty clay loam

Fine-Texturedc Claysic Silty clayhc Heavy clay

Miscellaneouso OrganicU Unclassified

Textural class names such as sandy loam, clay loam,heavy clay, etc ., are given to soils based upon the relativeproportions ofsand, siltand clay . Three broad, fundamentaltextural groups are recognized : sands, loams and clays .

SANDS - The sand group includes soils in which the sandparticles make upat least 70% ofthe materialbyweight .Two main classesarerecognized: sand andloamy sand .Sands are further broken down into different sand sizessuch as fine sand or coarse sand . A description of theseis found under "Sand" in the glossary .

LOAMS - The loam group is intermediate in texture be-tween the coarse-textured sands and the fine-texturedclays, and these soils usually contain a significant pro-portion of each particle-size fraction . Class namesinclude : sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, sandyclay loam, clay loam and loam.

CLAYS - The clay group includes soils thatcontain at least35% clay-size particles, and in most cases, more than40%. Class names are : sandy clay, silty clay, clay andheavy clay. Soils of this group are often referred to as"gumbo" .

Table l lists the surface textures and symbols that maybe used in this report, grouped into particle-size categories.The miscellaneous catergorY contains two non-texture en-tries . The "o" or organic soil texture class is used for organicsoils . By definition, these soils do not contain any mineralcomponent and, therefore, do not have a surface texture asdefined and described above. The symbol "o" merely iden-tifies the surface as being organic . The "U" or unclassifiedclass is used for areas in which surface texture has not beendetermined. These include areas that have been greatlyaltered (such as gravel pits or mines), most wetlands andlakes, areas that have not been examined (such as towns andcities), andareas ofextremely variable texture (such as someHillwash or Runway delineations) .

Figure 2. Textural triangle.

10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100

PERCENT SAND

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3. DESCRIPTION OFSOILS

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Ardill soils are Brown soils that have formed in clayloam glacial till modified by Upper Cretaceous clays andshales . These soils are commonly slightly to moderatelystony, and usually occur on undulating or hummocky land-scapes with slopes ranging from gentle to strong . Surfacetextures are mostly clay loam and loam.

Ardill soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother soil associations . In these complexes, the Ardill soilsmost often occur on mid- to upper slopes.

Kinds of Ardill Soils

Orthic Ardill - The orthic Ardill soil occurs on mid- tolowerslopes ofmostlandscapes . It isawell-drained soil witha brown A horizon, ? to 14 cm thick, overlying a brownish-colored B horizon and a grayish-colored, moderately calcar-eous C horizon .

Calcareous Ardill - The calcareous Ardill soil occurson locally dry upper slopes and knolls where runoff reducestheamount ofwater entering the soil . Someofthe A horizonis usually lost due to erosion, resulting in a thinner soil withless organic matter than the orthic Ardill soil . It is a well-drainedsoil with a thin, usually calcareous A horizon, 5 to 12cm thick, which may be underlain by a thin, calcareous Bhorizon, overlyinga grayish-colored, moderately calcareousC horizon.

Eroded Ardill - The eroded Ardill soiloccurs on knollsand upperslopes. Mostor all ofthe topsoil has been removedby erosion, resulting in a light-brown to grayish-coloredsurface. The eroded Ardill soil occurs most often on hum-mocky landscapes with moderate to steep slopes; in severelyeroded areas, it may occupy 20 percent or more of thelandscape.

Weakly Solonetzic Ardill - The weakly solonetzicArdill soil generally occurs in lower slope positions . It hasa brown A horizon 10 to 15 cm thick, overlying a slightlyhard, clayey B horizon . The lower B and C horizons oftencontain salts .

Weakly Solodic Ardill - The weakly solodic Ardill soiloccurson lower slope positions . It is a well-drained soil withabrown A horizon, 8 to 12 cm thick, underlain by adark-grayleached horizon with platy structure . This horizon is under-lain by a clay-enriched B horizon that breaks readily intosmall, blocky structures that are hard when dry . The Bhorizon is underlain by agrayish-colored, moderatelycalcar-eous C horizon.

Poorly Drained Soils - Poorly drained soils representavariety of wet soils . They occur mainly in sloughs and,occasionally, on the bottom of small drainage channels andlow-lying depressionalareas. They occurinareas thatcollect

runoff from heavy rains and snowmelt, and usually remainwet for much ofthe growing season . They often have thick,dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurface colors thatinclude reddish spotsand streaks . Many ofthese soils are notcultivated unless drained, although some may become dryenough to cultivate during periods of prolonged drought .Due to their location in the landscape, some of these soilshave become saline and/or carbonated .

Agricultural Properties of Ardill Soils

Ardill soils are fair agricultural soils of capability class3 where the surface texture is clay loam, and capability class4 where the surface texture is loam . A moderate moisturedeficit, imparted by the subarid regional climate and amoderate water-holding capacity, is the main agriculturallimitation of these soils. These soils may be further down-rated based on other soil and landscape limitations (salinity,wetness, topography, stones, etc .) that are peculiar to indi-vidual delineations . Ratings for each delineation are listedunder the heading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpre-tive Data Tables section of this report.

Ardill soils have a low amount oforganic matter in theA horizon . They are low in available phosphorus and high inavailable potassium .

Ardill soils that occur on landscapes with gentle slopeshave a moderate susceptibility to wind erosion and a lowsusceptibility to water erosion ; those soils that occur onlandscapes with strong slopes have a high susceptibility towater erosion . It is recommended that soil conservationpractices, such as maintenance of crop residues throughreduced tillage or leaving stubble standing, strip cropping,shelterbelts, grassing of major water runs and cultivationacross dissected slopes, be utilized to control soil erosionwherever practical .

Ardill soil areasvary from slightly tovery stony; regularstone clearing can be expected.

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Amulet soils are Dark Brown soils that have formed inslightly stony, clay loam glacial till modified by UpperCretaceous clays and shales . Amulet soils commonly occuron undulating or hummocky landscapes with slopes rangingfrom gentle to steep . Surface textures range from loam toclay loam.

Amulet soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations . In these complexes, the Amulet soilsmost often occur on mid- and upper slopes.

Kinds of Amulet Soils

Orthic Amulet - The orthic Amulet soil occurs in alllandscape positions. It is a well-drained soil with a dark-brown A horizon, 9 to 16 cm thick, underlain by a brownish-colored B horizon and a grayish-colored, moderately calcar-eous C horizon .

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Calcareous Amulet - The calcareous Amulet soil oc-curs on locally dry upper slopes and knolls where runoffreduces the amount of water entering the soil . Some of theA horizon has been lost due to erosion, resulting in a thinnersoil with less organic matter than theorthic Amuletsoil . Thecalcareous Amulet soil is a well-drained soil with a thin,usually calcareousAhorizon,7 to 13 cm thick, which may beunderlain by a thin, calcareous B horizon, overlying a gray-ish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Poorly Drained Soils - Poorly drained soils represent avariety of wet soils. They occur mainly in sloughs and,occasionally, on the bottom of small drainage channels andlow-lying depressionalareas. Theyoccurin areas thatcollectrunoff from heavy rains and snowmelt, and usually remainwet for much ofthe growing season . They often have thick,dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurface colors thatinclude reddishspots and streaks . Many ofthese soils arenotcultivated unless drained, although some may become dryenough to cultivate during periods of prolonged drought.Due to their location in the landscape, some of these soilshave become saline and/or carbonated.

Agricultural Properties of Amulet Soils

Amulet soils are fairagricultural soils ofcapability class3 . The main agricultural limitation of these soils is amoderate moisture deficit, imparted by thesemiaridregionalclimate and a moderate water-holding capacity . These soilsmay be further downrated based on other soil and landscapelimitations (i .e . salinity, wetness, topography, stones, etc .)that are peculiar to specific soil delineations . Ratings foreach delineation are listed under the heading "AgriculturalCapability" in the Interpretive Data Tables section of thisreport.

Amulet soils have amoderate amountof organic matterin the A horizon. They are low in available phosphorus andhigh in available potassium . Although orthic Amulet soilshave fewagricultural limitations, other Amulet soils are lessproductive or more difficult to farm . Thecalcareous Amuletsoils on knolls are locally dry because of rapid runoff, andhave low nutrient reserves, particularly phosphorus .

Amulet soils have alow susceptibilityto windand watererosion when they occur on gentle landscapes ; those soilsthat occur on landscapes with strong slopes have a highsusceptibility to watererosion . It is recommended that soilconservation practices, such as maintenance ofcrop residuesthrough reduced tillage or leaving stubble standing, stripcropping, grassingofmajor waterrunways, cultivation acrossdissected slopes, and shelterbelts, be utilized to control soilerosion .

Various amounts of stones can be expected in differentAmulet soil areas, with the number of clearing operationsrequired varying accordingly .

Alluvium soils are a mixture ofsoils formed in variable-textured alluvial materials, associated with stream floodplains and drainage channels . These soils have formed inmaterials derived from a variety of sources and thus varymarkedly in color, texture, and composition. Surface tex-tures range from sand to clay .

Alluvium soils are usually stonefree, but may be under-lain by stony deposits . Eroded stream beds within Alluviumareas, for example, may be very stony . Alluvium soilsusually occur on level or undulating landscapes with verygentle to gentle slopes .

Alluvium soils occur in complex with soils of otherassociations and, in most of these complexes, the Alluviumsoils occur on the lower slopes in the landscape .

Kinds of Alluvium Soils

Orthic Alluvium - The orthic Alluvium soil can occuron all slope positions in some landscapes, especially in areasof coarse-textured materials and good drainage. It is a well-drained soil characterized by a dark-colored A horizon, 10 to20 cm thick, underlain by a brown B horizon and a light-colored, calcareous C horizon .

Calcareous Alluvium - The calcareous Alluvium soilcan occur on all slope positions in somelandscapes, particu-larly in areas offiner-textured materials . It is a well-drainedsoil characterized by a dark-colored, usually calcareous Ahorizon, 10 to 20 cm thick, underlain by a thin, brownish-colored, calcareous B horizon or a light-colored, calcareousC horizon .

Weakly Developed Alluvium - The weakly developedAlluvium soil occurs on mid- and upper slopes, however, itcan extendonto lower slopes in some landscapes. Ifpresent,the A horizon is very thin, overlying a light-colored, calcar-eous C horizon. These soils generally occur on river flood-plains where soil formation is restricted by periodic deposi-tion of stream sediments. Due to their position in thelandscape, some of these soils may become saline and/orcarbonated .

Solonetzic Alluvium - The solonetzic Alluvium soiloccurs most often on lower slopes, although on nearly levellandscapes it can occur on all slope positions . It is a well-drained soil characterized by a thin A horizon and a dense,clayey B horizon that is very hard when dry . Saline subsoilsare common in these areas .

Gleyed Solonetzic Alluvium - The gleyed solonetzicAlluvium soil can occupy all slope positions in some land-scapes . It is a moderately well- to imperfectly drained soilwith a thin A horizon thatmay overlieathin,grayish-colored,leached horizon . The B horizon is dark colored, denser andmore compact than the surface layers and is often very hard

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when dry . Saline subsoils are common in these soils . The Band C horizons generally have dull colors and reddish spotsand stains, indicative of formation under conditions of re-stricted drainage .

Carbonated Alluvium - The carbonated Alluvium soiloccurs on lower slopes, surrounding poorly drained depres-sions andabandoned stream meanders; however, it canoccuron all slope positions in some landscapes. This soil isaffected to varying degrees by imperfect soil drainage and,often, bythepresenceofsoluble salts withintherootingzone .It is characterizedby a highlycalcareous Ahorizon underlainby a highly calcareous B orChorizon . The B and C horizonsoften have drab colors and reddish spots and stains, indica-tive of imperfect soil drainage.

Saline Alluvium - The saline Alluvium soil occurs onlower slopes, often associated with poorly drained depres-sions andabandoned stream meanders ; however, itcanoccuron all slope positions in some landscapes . It is characterizedby the presence of soluble salts, usually within 50 cm of thesurface. The salts occur as a white surface crustor as small,white specks within the soil, although salts maynot alwaysbe visible. Dull colors and reddish spots and stains, indica-tive of imperfect soil drainage, are often present in thesubsoil. It frequently occurs intermixed with carbonatedAlluvium soils .

Poorly Drained Alluvium - Poorly drained Alluviumsoilsrepresentavariety ofwetsoils. Theyoccurin undraineddepressional areas that are subject to flooding and in un-drained areas associated with abandoned stream meanders .They often have thick, dark-colored A horizons and drabsubsurface colors that are dotted with reddish spots andstreaks. Some of these soils have a very light-gray leachedhorizon below the dark A horizon . Peaty poorly drainedAlluvium soils have a layer of peaty material, 15 to 40 cmthick, overlying mineral materials . They are generally wetforall or a significant portion ofthe growing season and areoften flooded . Most poorly drained Alluvium soils are notcultivated unless drained, although some may become dryenough to cultivate during periods ofprolonged drought. Insome areas, these soils may be saline and/or carbonated .

Saline Poorly Drained Alluvium - Saline poorlydrainedAlluvium soilsoccurin undrained depressionalareasthatare subject to flooding, and inundrainedareas associatedwith abandoned segments of river or creek channels . Theyhave thick, dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurfacecolors that often include reddish spots and streaks . They arewet for all or a significantportion ofthe growing season andare often flooded. Soluble salts are usually presentwithin 50cmofthe surface. The salts commonly occuras white speckswithin the soil, although salts may not always be visible.

Agricultural Properties of Alluvium Soils

The agricultural capability of Alluvium soils rangesfrom class 2, good agricultural soils, to class 7, soils with nocapability for arable agriculture orpermanent pasture . Thiswide range in agricultural capability is mainly the result of

varying degrees of salinity and excess wetness. Wheresalinity and wetness are not a problem and where the soiltexture provides an adequate water-holding capacity, theyare often good agricultural soils. Alluvium soils may bedownrated basedon other soil and landscape limitations (i .e .stones, topography, flooding, erosion, etc .) that are peculiarto individual delineations. Ratings for each delineation arelisted under the heading "Agricultural Capability" in theInterpretive Data Tables section of this report.

Alluvium soils generally have a moderate amount oforganic matter in the A horizon, resulting in reasonablefertility and good tilth . Because of the association of thesesoils with lower portions of the landscape and their occur-rence in narrow bands in valleybottoms, wind erosion is notusually a seriousproblem. Theyare, however, susceptible towater erosion and to flooding because of their associationwith low landscape positions and drainage channels whichreceive runoffwater in the spring or during periodsofintenserainfall . They usually occur on favorable topography butareas are often small and irregular and cut by erosion chan-nels, making cultivation difficult or impractical .

Stones are not generally a problem, however, annualclearing may be required along eroded stream beds . Areasdominated by saline orpoorlydrained Alluvium soils gener-ally have little potential for crop land and aresuitablemainlyforforage production orpasture. Ifdrainagecan be improvedand if salinity and accessibility do not pose serious limita-tions, some of these areas can be brought into agriculturalproduction.

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Buffalo Horn soils are Brown soils that have formed inclayey materialsrangingfromglacialtill that hasbeen highlymodified by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary bedrock toglacially modified, UpperCretaceous and Tertiary bedrockmaterials. These soils commonly occur on a variety oflandscapes, such as hummocky gullied, undulating, or undu-lating dissected, with slopes ranging from gentle to steep.Surface textures are clay loam or clay.

Buffalo Horn soils commonly occur in complex withsoils of other soil associations . When Buffalo Horn soilsoccur in complex with Brown soils formed in loamy glacialtill, the Buffalo Horn soils usually occupy the mid- to lowerslopes .When incombination with Brown Solonetzic soils, however,the Buffalo Horn soils occur on the mid- to upper slopes .

Kinds of Buffalo Horn Soils

Orthic Buffalo Horn - The orthic Buffalo Horn soiloccurs on mid- to lower slopes . It is a well-drained soil withabrownAhorizon, 8 to 12 cm thick, underlain byabrown todark-brown B horizon, and a C horizon that contains coal,iron concretions and pieces of siltstone or shale. This soil isoften shallow and theChorizonmaybe entirelycomposedofshale bedrock material .

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Weakly Developed Buffalo Horn - The weakly devel-oped Buffalo Horn soil occurs on locally dry upperslopes . Itis a well-drained soil with a thin, brown A horizon, 4 to 8 cmthick, underlain by a C horizon that may be entirely com-posed of shale bedrock, or that contains iron concretions,pieces of coal, shale or siltstone .

Eroded Buffalo Horn - The eroded Buffalo Horn soiloccurs on upper slopes and knolls. It is a well-drained soil ;most or all of the topsoil has been removed by erosionresulting in a light gray-colored surface and low fertility.

Agricultural Properties of Buffalo Horn Soils

Buffalo Horn soils are fairagricultural soils ofcapabilityclass 3 where the surface texture is clay loam . A moderatemoisture deficit, imparted by the subaridregional climate, isthe main agricultural limitation of these soils . These soilsmay be further downrated based on other soil and landscapelimitations (salinity, wetness, topography, stones, etc .) thatare peculiar to individual delineations . Ratings for eachdelineation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capa-bility" in the Interpretive Data Tables section ofthis report .

Buffalo Horn soils havea low amount oforganic matterin the A horizon . They are low in available phosphorus andhigh in available potassium .

Buffalo Horn soils that occur on landscapes with gentleslopes have a moderate susceptibility to wind erosion and alow susceptibility to water erosion ; those soils that occur onlandscapes with strong slopes have a high susceptibility towater erosion . Where these soils are cultivated, it is recom-mended that soil conservation practices, such as mainte-nance of crop residues through reduced tillage or leavingstubble standing, strip cropping, shelterbelts, grassing ofmajor water runs and cultivation across dissected slopes, beutilized to control soil erosion wherever practical.

Buffalo Horn soils are slightly stony ; occasional stoneclearing can be expected.

Birsay soils are Brown soils that have formed in loamylacustrine materials . Birsay soils are somewhat heavier intexture (contain more clay) than the Hatton soils but arelighter in texture than the Fox Valley soils . These soilsusually occur on undulating landscapes with very gentle tomoderate slopes . Surface textures frequently range fromsandy loam to very fine sandy loam.

Birsay soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations. They tend to occur on upper slopes whenin complex with soils formed in finer-textured lacustrinematerials,and usually on lower slopeswhen in complex withsoils formed in coarser-textured fluvial materials or glacialtill .

Kinds of Birsay Soils

Orthic Birsay - The orthic Birsay soil commonly oc-curs throughout the entire landscape where slopes aregentle,

and on mid- to lower slopes on more steeply sloping land-scapes . It is a well-drained soil with an A horizon, 12 to 15cm thick, underlain by a brown B horizon and a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon.

Calcareous Birsay - The calcareous Birsay soil occurson locally dry upper slopes and knolls where runoffreducesthe amount ofwater enteringthe soil. Someof the A horizonis usually lost due to erosion, resulting in a thinner soil withless organic matter than the orthic Birsay soil : The calcare-ous Birsay soil has an A horizon, 8 to 10 cm thick, which maybe underlain by a thin, calcareous B horizon, overlying agrayish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Saline Birsay - The salineBirsay soil usually occurs onlower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorly draineddepressional areas, and along drainage channels and gullies .It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts, usuallywithin 50cm ofthesurface. Thesaltsoccuras a whitesurfacecrust or as small, white specks within the soil, although saltsmay not always be visible . Dull colors and reddish spots,indicative of imperfect soil drainage, are often present in thesubsoil .

Carbonated Birsay - The carbonated Birsay soil usu-ally occurs on lower slopes, surrounding sloughs or poorlydrained depressions ; however, it can extend onto upperslopes in Birsay landscapes where slopes are gentle. It ischaracterized by a highly calcareous A horizon underlain bya highly calcareous B or C horizon . The B and C horizonsoften have drab colors and reddish spots and stains, indica-tive of imperfect soil drainage. In addition, the subsoil isoften affected by salinity to some degree .

Birsay Soils - The term Birsay soils refers to a mixtureof orthic Birsay and calcareous Birsay soils . Orthic Birsaysoils occur in mid- to lower slope positions in the landscapeand calcareous Birsay soils occur in upper slope positions.

Agricultural Properties of Birsay Soils

Birsay soils are pooragriculturalsoilsofcapability class4. The main agricultural limitation of these soils is amoderate moisture deficit, imparted by the subarid regionalclimate and a moderate water-holding capacity. These soilsmaybe further downrated based on other soil and landscapelimitations (i .e . salinity, topography, wetness, etc.) that arepeculiar to individual delineations. Ratings for each deline-ation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capability"in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report.

Birsay soils have a low amount oforganic matter in theA horizon. They are low in available phosphorusand high inavailablepotassium . Saline soils are present in some Birsaysoil areas and usually contain sufficient soluble salts todepress crop yields in most years . The eroded Birsay soil isdroughtyand low in nutrient reserves due to the loss ofmostof its topsoil .

Birsay soils have a weak cloddy structure that breakseasily to fine granular and single grain; consequently, thesesoils have a high susceptibility to wind erosion and a lowsusceptibility to water erosion. It is recommended that soilconservation practices, such as maintenance of trash cover

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through reduced tillage or leaving stubble standing, stripcropping, shelterbelts and frequent use of a forage in croprotations, be utilized to control soil erosion.

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.Chaplin soils are Brown soils that have formed in

gravelly fluvial materials . Their surface texture is oftenloamy sand or sandy loam, and is frequently gravelly .

Generally, Chaplin soilsoccuron undulating landscapeswith slopes ranging from very gentle to moderate .

Chaplin soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations, often occurring on knolls or atrandom inthe landscape .

Kinds of Chaplin Soils

Orthic Chaplin - The orthic Chaplin soil commonlyoccurs throughout the landscape, particularly where slopesare gentle . It isarapidly drained soilwith a brown A horizon,10 to 15 cm thick, underlain by a brown B horizon and agrayish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Calcareous Chaplin - The calcareous Chaplin soil oc-curs on locally dry upper slopes and knolls where runoffreduces the amountofwaterentering thesoil. Often some ofthe A horizon has been removed by erosion, resulting in athinner soil with less organic matter than the orthic Chaplin .It is a rapidly drained soil with a thin, usually calcareous Ahorizon, 5 to 12 cm thick, which may be underlain by a thin,calcareous B horizon, overlying a grayish-colored, moder-ately calcareous C horizon .

Agricultural Properties of Chaplin Soils

Chaplin soils are very poor agricultural soils ofcapabil-ity class 5 . The main limitations of these soils are a strongmoisture deficit, imparted by a very low water-holdingcapacity and the subarid regional climate, and a high suscep-tibility to wind erosion . Class 5 soils are unsuitable for thesustained production of common field crops and, at best,should be utilized for the production of forages . Ratings foreach delineation are listed under the heading "AgriculturalCapability" in the Interpretive Data Tables section of thisreport.

These soils are low in organic matter, low in availablephosphorus and may be low in available potassium . Chaplinsoils can vary from slightly stony to very stony .

Chaplin soils thatoccuron landscapeswithgentle slopeshave a high to very high susceptibility to wind erosion and alow susceptibility to water erosion if disturbed throughcultivation . The only effective method ofprotecting Chaplinsoils from wind erosion is by maintaining a constant plantcover as afforded through forages . It is advisable to pursuethe establishment oftame species ofgrasses in narrow stripsto guard against widespread damage from wind erosion .

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Eastend soils are amixture ofweakly developed, poorlydrained, Brown Solonetzic andBrown soilsthathave formedin fluvial and colluvial materials derived from Tertiary andUpper Cretaceous bedrock, as well as glacial materials and,hence,arequite variable . These materials havebeenwashedinto the valleys from adjacent areas and deposition is stilltaking place in some areas . They occur on fans and apronsat the base of the steep valley sides of the Frenchman Riverand Swift Current Creek, and otherglacial melt-water chan-nels in southwestern Saskatchewan . Surface textures varywidely, ranging from sandy loam to clay . These soils areusually stonefree, however, a few stonesoften occurnear thebase of the steep valley sides . Landscapes are characterizedby long, uniform, very gentle to moderate slopes, extendingfrom the base of the valley side to the center of the valleybottom . These slopes are often cutby erosion channels thatextend from the apex ofthe fan or apron to thecreek orriver .

Kinds of Eastend Soils

Weakly Developed Eastend - The weakly developedEastend soil occurs in areas in which deposition of erodedmaterial is still continuing. It is characterizedbyalackofsoildevelopment except that it may have a thin, dark-colored Ahorizon . Often this soil has a series ofdark layers in the toptwo meters, each separated by a light-colored layer. Thesedark layers representoldsurfaces which have been buriedbythe deposition of newly eroded materials during periods ofhigh runoff.

Saline WeaklyDeveloped Eastend - The salineweaklydeveloped Eastend soil occurs on lower slopes. It is charac-terized by a lack of soil development except fora thin, dark-colored Ahorizon and the presence of soluble salts within 50cm of the surface . The salts commonly occur as a whitesurface crust or as small, white specks within the soil,however, salts may not always be visible. Saline weaklydeveloped Eastend soils often occur adjacent to areas ofEastend solonetzic or poorly drained soils and may havefeatures indicative of poor soil drainage.

Eastend Solonetzic - Eastend solonetzic soils occur onalluvial fans derived from saline, shaley materials . On somenearly level areas, Eastend solonetzic soils may occur overmost of the landscape . They are moderately well-drained,and have thin Ahorizons,underlain byclayey B horizons thatare hard when dry . Eroded micro-depressions are commonin noncultivated areas . Saline subsoils are also a commonfeature in these soils.

Saline Poorly Drained Eastend - SalinepoorlydrainedEastend soils occur in undrained depressional areas that aresubject to flooding, and in undrained areas associated withabandoned segments of river or creek channels. They havethick, dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurface colorsthat often include reddish spots and streaks . They are wet for

6

all ora significant portion ofthe growing season and areoftenflooded . Soluble salts are usually presentwithin 50 cm ofthesurface . The salts commonly occur as white specks withinthe soil, although salts may not always be visible .

Agricultural Properties of Eastend Soils

The agricultural capability ofEastend soils is extremelyvariable and is dependent upon texture and soil structure, aswell as degree and extent of wetness and salinity. The bestEastend soils, rated class 3, are well drained and are clay tosilty clay loam in texture . These soils may be furtherdownratedbased on other soil and landscape limitations (i.e.salinity, topography, stones, etc .) that are peculiar to indi-vidual delineations . Ratings for each delineation are listedunder the heading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpre-tive Data Tables section of this report. Wetness, salinity orpoor soil structure are serious limitations that characterize asignificant portion of all Eastend soil areas . Eastend soilsusually occur in small, irregular-shaped areas, sometimeswith limited accessibility due to dissections or channels,which further detracts from the suitability of these soils forcultivated crops. Most of these soils are best suited to theproduction of forages, whether as hay land or as improvedpasture.

Esme soils are Brown soils that have formed in loamy oroccasionally sandy materials ranging from glacial till, thathas been highly modified by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiarybedrock, to glacially modified Upper Cretaceous and Terti-ary bedrock materials . These soils commonly occur on avariety of landscapes, such as hummocky gullied, undulat-ing, or undulating dissected, withslopes ranging from gentleto steep. Surface textures are sandy loam or loam.

Kinds of Esme Soils

Orthic Esme - TheorthicEsmesoil mayoccurthrough-out all slope positions in gentle landscapes and on mid- tolower slopes in more steeply sloping landscapes . It is a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon, 10 to 14 cm thick,overlying a brownish-colored B horizon and a C horizon inwhichpiecesofsandstone, siltstone, shaleorlignitecoal maybe evident .

Calcareous Esme - The calcareous Esme soil is welldrained and has a brown A horizon, 8 to 12 cm thick, whichmay be underlain by a calcareous B horizon, overlying a Chorizon in which coal, iron concretions and pieces of sand-stone, siltstone orshaleareevident. This soil is often shallowand the C horizon may be entirely composed of bedrockmaterial .

WeaklyDeveloped Esme - Theweakly developedEsmesoil occurs on locally dry upper slopes and knolls . It has athin, brown A horizon, 6 to 10 cm thick, underlain by a C

horizon in which pieces of sandstone, siltstone, shale orlignite coal may be evident.

Eroded Esme - The eroded Esme soil occurs on knollsand upper slopes. Mostorall ofthe topsoil has beenremovedby erosion, resulting in a light-brown to grayish-coloredsurface. The eroded Esme soil occurs most often on hum-mocky landscapes with moderate to steep slopes .

Agricultural Properties of Esme Soils

Esme soils are poor to nonarable agricultural soils ofcapability classes4 to6,respectively. They commonly occuron hummocky landscapes thataregullied and have moderateto steep slopes that are highly susceptible to water erosion .These soils are often nonarable due to the nature of theselandscapes. However, some areas ofEsme soils have valueaspasture or hay land . Ratingsfor each delineation arelistedunder the heading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpre-tive Data Tables section of this report.

These soils have a low amount of organic matter in theA horizon, are low in available phosphorus, are high inavailable potassium, and have few stones .

Exposure soils are a mixture of thin, weakly developedsoils and bedrock outcrops, generally occurring on stronglyto very steeply sloping landscapes, some of which may becontinually eroding.

Agricultural Properties of Exposure Soils

Exposure soils are nonarable agricultural soils of capa-bility classes 6 and 7 . Even where thin soils do occur, theyare nonarable. A few areas may have a limited potential fornative grazing .

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Flat Lake soils are a complex of poorly drained andsaline soils formed in loamy alluvial materials occurring inrelatively flat, depressional areas. Surface textures rangefrom loam to clay loam .

Kinds of Flat Lake Soils

Saline Gleyed Flat Lake - The saline gleyed Flat Lakesoil usually occurs on lower slopes, often along the edges ofpoorly drained depressional areas . It is characterized by thepresenceofsoluble salts, usually within 50 cmofthesurface .The salts occur as a white surface crust or as small, whitespecks within the soil, although salts may not always bevisible . The degree of salinity varies in these soils fromweakly to strongly saline . Dull colors and reddish spots,indicative ofimperfect soil drainage, characteristically occurin the subsoil .

Saline Poorly Drained Flat Lake - Saline poorlydrainedFlatLake soils occur in undrained depressional areasthataresubject to flooding. They have thick, dark-colored Ahorizons and drab subsurface colors that often include red-dish spots and streaks. They are wet for all or a significantportion ofthegrowing season and are often flooded . Solublesaltsareusually presentwithin 50cmofthe surface. Thesaltscommonly occur as white specks within the soil, althoughsalts may not always be visible . The degreeof salinity variesfrom weak to strong .

Agricultural Properties of Flat Lake Soils

Flat Lake soils are very poor to nonarable soils ofagricultural capability classes 5to 7, respectively, dependingon the degree of salinity and wetness . Salt-tolerant foragesthat can withstand some flooding may be grown in areas thatare only moderately or weakly saline . Those areas of FlatLake soils that are strongly saline and poorly drained are notsuitable for arable agriculture and rarely have any value aspasture.

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Fox Valley soils are Brown soils that have formed insilty lacustrine materials . They occur on hummocky, undu-lating or undulating dissected landscapes with very gentle tomoderate slopes. Surface textures are loam or silt loam .

Fox Valley soils frequently occur in complex with soilsof other associations . They tend to occur on upper slopeswhen in complex with soils formed in finer-textured lacus-trine materials, and usuallyon lower slopes when incomplexwith soils formed in coarser-textured fluvial materials orglacial till .

Kinds of Fox Valley Soils

Orthic Fox Valley - The orthic Fox Valley soil extendsfrom the mid- to upper slope positions in the landscape . It isa well-drained soil with abrown A horizon, 9 to 15 cm thick,overlying a brownish B horizon and a grayish, moderatelycalcareous C horizon .

Eluviated Fox Valley - The eluviated Fox Valley soiloccurs on the moist, lower slopes of undulating landscapeshaving very gentle to gentle slopes . It resembles the orthicFox Valley soil but has thicker A and B horizons . Thedistinguishing feature of these soils is a horizon with platystructure that occurs between the A andB horizons .

Weakly Solonetzic Fox Valley - Theweakly solonetz-ic FoxValley soil generally occurs in lower slope positions.It has a brown A horizon, 10 to 15 cm thick, overlying aslightly hard, clayey Bhorizon. The lowerB andC horizonsoften contain salts .

Carbonated Fox Valley - The carbonated Fox Valleysoil usually occurs on lower slopes, surrounding sloughs orpoorly drained depressions; however, it can extend ontoupper slopes in Fox Valley landscapes where slopes are

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gentle. It is characterized by ahighly calcareous Ahorizonunderlain by a highly calcareous B or Chorizon. TheB andC horizons often have drab colors and reddish spots andstains, indicative ofimperfect soil drainage . In addition, thesubsoil is often affected by salinity to some degree.

Saline Fox Valley - The saline Fox Valley soil usuallyoccurs on lower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorlydraineddepressional areas, and along drainage channels andgullies . It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts,usually within50 cmofthesurface. The salts occur asawhitesurface crust or as small, white specks within the soil,although salts may not always be visible . Dull colors andreddish spots, indicative ofimperfect soil drainage, are oftenpresent in the subsoil .

Agricultural Properties of Fox Valley Soils

Fox Valley soils are fair agricultural soils of capabilityclass 3 . A moderatemoisturedeficit, imparted by thesubaridregional climate and a moderate water-holding capacity, istheir main agricultural limitation . They may be furtherdownrated based on other soil and landscape limitations (i .e .salinity, topography, wetness, etc .) that are peculiar to indi-vidual delineations . Ratings for each delineation are listedunder the heading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpre-tive Data Tables section of this report .

Fox Valley soils have a low amount oforganic matter inthe A horizon . They are low in available phosphorus andhigh in available potassium . Crop growth may be somewhatreduced on solonetzic Fox Valley soils because of theirclayey B horizon, which hinders infiltrationof water, as wellas the development and penetration of roots .

Fox Valley soils that occur on gentle slopes have a lowsusceptibility to wind and water erosion . Relatively lowinfiltration rates, when coupled with long slopes, can resultin high susceptibility to water erosion . It is recommendedthat soil conservation practices, such as maintenance ofcropresidues through reduced tillage or leaving stubblestanding,strip cropping, grassingofmajorwaterruns,and shelterbelts,be utilized to control soil erosion .

Grill Lake soils are a complex of poorly drained andsaline soils formed in clayey alluvial materials occurring inrelatively flat, depressional areas. Surface textures rangefrom clay loam to clay .

Kinds of Grill Lake Soils

Gleyed Grill Lake - The gleyed Grill Lake soil com-monly occurs on mid- to lower slopes in nearly level land-scapes . It is characterized by a dark-colored A horizon, 10 to14 cm thick, underlain by B and C horizons that often havedull colors and reddish spots and streaks, indicative offormation under conditions of imperfect soil drainage .

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Saline Grill Lake - The saline Grill Lake soil usuallyoccurs on lower slopes, often along the edges of poorlydrained depressional areas . It is characterized by the pres-enceofsoluble salts, usually within 50cm ofthe surface . Thesalts occur as a white surface crust or as small, white speckswithin the soil, although saltsmaynot always be visible . Dullcolors and reddish spots, indicative of imperfect soil drain-age, are often present in the subsoil .

Poorly Drained Grill Lake - Poorly drained Grill Lakesoilsrepresenta varietyofwet soils. Theyoccurinundraineddepressional areas that collect runoff from heavy rains andsnowmelt, and usually remain wet for much of the growingseason . They often have thick, dark-colored A horizons anddrab subsurfacecolors thatincludereddish spots and streaks.Many of these soils are not cultivated unless drained, al-though some may become dry enough to cultivate duringperiods of prolonged drought. Due to their location in thelandscape, some of these soils have become saline and/orcarbonated .

Agricultural Properties of Grill Lake Soils

Grill Lake soils arefair tononarable soils ofagriculturalcapability class 3 to class 7, respectively, depending on thedegreeof wetnessand salinity . Salt-tolerant forages thatcanwithstand some flooding may be grown in areas that aremoderately saline. Those areas of Grill Lake soils that arestrongly saline and poorly drained are not suitable for arableagriculture and rarely have any value as pasture .

Horse Creek soils are Brown soils that have formed inloamy alluvial and colluvial materials derived from upperslope glacial till and bedrock materials . These alluvial andcolluvial deposits may be shallow (less than 1 m thick), andunderlain by glacial till . Horse Creek soils occur onundulat-ing and hummocky landscapes with gentle to moderateslopes. The surface texture ofthese soils maybe sandy loam,loam or silt loam .

Horse Creek soilsfrequentlyoccurincomplexwith soilsof other associations, with the Horse Creek soils tending tooccur on lower slopes.

Kinds of Horse Creek Soil Series

Orthic Horse Creek - The orthic Horse Creek soiloccurs on midslopes in most landscapes, but may extend toupper and lower slopes on landscapes with gentle slopes . Itis a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon, 6 to 10 cmthick, underlain by a brown B horizon and a moderatelycalcareous, grayish-colored C horizon .

Calcareous Horse Creek - ThecalcareousHorseCreeksoil occurs on locally dry upper slopes where runoffreducesthe amount of water entering the soil . The calcareous HorseCreek soil is a well-drained soil with a brownAhorizon,4 to8 cm thick, which may be underlain by a thin, calcareous B

horizon and a moderately calcareous, grayish-colored Chorizon .

Weakly Solonetzic Horse Creek - The weakly solo-netzic Horse Creek soil usually occurs on lower slopes . It isa well-drained soil with a brown A horizon,6 to 10 cm thick,and may be underlain by a gray, leached layer with platystructure . The A horizon, in turn, is underlain by a brown Bhorizonwith moderately hard columnarorblocky structures,and a moderately calcareous, grayish-colored C horizon.

Agricultural Properties of Horse Creek Soils

Horse Creek soils are fair agricultural soils ofcapabilityclass4 . A moderatemoisture deficit, imparted by thesubaridregional climate and a moderate water-holding capacity, isthe main agricultural limitation of these soils. These soilsmay be further downrated based on other soil and landscapelimitations (i.e. salinity, topography, stones, wetness, etc.)thatarepeculiar to individual delineations. Ratings foreachdelineation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capa-bility" in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report .

Horse Creek soils have a low amount of organic matterin the A horizon, are low in available phosphorus and high inavailable potassium .

Horse Creek soils have a low to moderate susceptibilityto wind and water erosion. It is recommended however, thatsoil conservation practices, such as maintenance of cropresidues through reduced tillage, strip cropping and shelter-belts, be utilized toprovidedependable protection from winderosion when these soils are cultivated.

A few stones may beencountered onthese soils, particu-larly on upper slopes and knolls where the loamy material isthin and underlain by glacial till . Occasional clearing ofstones is required .

Hellfire soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed in alluvial and colluvial materials derived fromclayey bedrock and glacial materials containing Upper Cre-taceous shales. These materials occur on aprons and fansformed from material that has been washed into the valleysfrom adjacent bedrock highs ; deposition is still taking placein some areas . The slopes of these landscapes are often cutby erosion channels that extend from the apex of the fan orapron to the creek or river. The surface texture is clay loamor clay . These soils are usually stone free .

Hellfire soils commonly occur in complex with soils ofothersoil associations . Theytendto occupy themid- to lowerslope landscape positions .

Kinds of Hellfire Soils

Solodized Solonetz Hellfire - The solodized solonetzHellfire soil occurs on alluvial fans and aprons that arecomposed of saline, shale bedrock or bedrock-modifiedmaterials . On somenearly levelareas, the solodizedsolonetz

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Hellfire soil may occur over most of the landscape. It is amoderately well-drained soil with a thin A horizon, 4 to 6 cmthick, underlain by a gray, leachedlayer with platy structure,and a B horizon that is characterizedby gray-capped,colum-nar structures thatare very clayey anddense, veryhard whendry, and darkly stained by organic matter that has beenleached out of the A horizon . The B horizon, in turn, isunderlain by a weakly calcareous, dark-colored C horizon .The C horizon, as well as the lower B horizon, commonlycontain soluble salts that are often visible as white spots orstreaks in the soil.

Eroded Solodized Solonetz Hellfire - The eroded sol-odized solonetz Hellfire soil occurs in eroded micro-depres-sions . It is a moderately well-drained soil with a B horizonthat is characterized by gray-capped, columnar structuresthat are very clayey and dense, very hard when dry, anddarkly stained, underlain by a weakly calcareous, dark-coloredC horizon. AlloftheAhorizon has beenremovedbywinderosion . The C horizon, as well as the lower B horizon,commonlycontain soluble saltsthatare often visibleaswhitespots or streaks in the soil .

Agricultural Properties of Hellfire Soils

Hellfire soils are poor agricultural soils of capabilityclass 4 . Their main agricultural limitations are a moderatemoisture deficit, imparted by the subarid regional climateand a moderate moisture holding capacity, and adverse soilstructure that limits root penetration and water infiltration .Where the soil structure is particularly severe (hard), thesesoils are rated as agricultural capability class 5 .

Hellfire soils have a low amountof organic matterin theA horizon . They are neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction,however, surface horizonsmaybeslightly acidic in areas thatare strongly leached . They are low in availablephosphorousand high in available potassium .

These soils generally have alow susceptibility to winderosion and a moderate to high susceptibility to water ero-sion . If these soils are cultivated, it is important that cropresidues be conserved through reduced tillage or leavingstubble standing, and that cultivation occur across slopes .Thesesoils are generally slightly stony andoccasional clear-ing of stones will be required.

Haverhill soils are Brown soils that have formed inloamy glacial till . They occur on undulating and undulatingdissected landscapes with very gentle and gentle slopes, andon hummocky landscapes with strong and steep slopes .Their surface texture is commonly loam.

Haverhill soils frequentlyoccurin complex with soils ofother associations, often occurring on mid- to upper slopes .

Kinds of Haverhill Soils

Orthic Haverhill - The orthic Haverhill soil often oc-cupies all slope positions in gentle landscapes, and mid- to

lower slopes in landscapes with moderate to strong slopes. Itis a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon, 8 to 14 cmthick, underlain by a brown B horizon and a gray-colored,moderately calcareous C horizon .

Calcareous Haverhill - The calcareous Haverhill soiloccurs on locally dry upper slopes and knolls where runoffreduces the amountof water entering the soil. In most areas,some ofthe A horizon has been removed by erosion, result-ing in a thinner soil with less organic matter than the orthicHaverhill soil . It is a well-drained soil with a brown tograyish-brown A horizon, 9 to 13 cm thick, which may beunderlain by a thin, calcareous B horizon, overlying a gray-ish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Agricultural Properties of Haverhill Soils

Haverhill soils are poor agricultural soils of capabilityclass 4 . These soils are considered marginal for the produc-tion of annual field crops . Their main agricultural limitationis a moderately severe moisture deficit, imparted by thesubarid regional climate and a moderate water-holding ca-pacity . These soils may be further downratedbased on othersoil and landscape limitations (i .e . salinity, topography,stones, etc.) that are peculiar to individual delineations .Ratings for each delineation are listed under the heading"Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive Data Tablessection of this report .

Haverhill soils have a low amount of organic matter inthe A horizon . They are low in available phosphorus andhigh in available potassium .

Haverhill soils that occur on landscapes with gentleslopes have a low susceptibility to wind and water erosion.However, it is common for Haverhill soils to occur onlandscapes with slopes rangingfrom moderate to steep ; thesesoils have a moderate to very high susceptibility to watererosion. It is recommended that soil conservation practices,such as maintenance ofcrop residues through reduced tillageorleaving stubble standing, stripcropping, grassing ofmajorwater runs, establishment of forages on steep slopes, andshelterbelts, be utilized to control erosion on these soils .

A few stones can be expected on these soils and occa-sional to regular clearing is required.

Hatton soils are Brown soils that have formed in sandyfluvial materials. These soils occur most frequently onundulating landscapes with gentle slopes and less frequentlyon hummocky landscapes with moderate to strong slopes .Surface textures range from very fine sandy loam to loamysand .

Hatton soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofothersoil associations . They tend to occur on mid- and upperslopes when in complex with soils formed in finer-texturedfluvial or lacustrine materials, and either on mid- and lowerslopes or randomly when in complex with soils formed incoarse-textured fluvial materials or glacial till .

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Kinds of Hatton Soils

Orthic Hatton - The orthic Hatton soil occurs on mid-and lower slopes in most Hatton landscapesbut may occupythe entire landscape where slopes are gentle or very gentle .It is a rapidly drained soil with a brown A horizon, 10 to 14cm thick, underlain by a brownish-colored B horizon and ayellowish-brown, weakly calcareous C horizon .

Agricultural Properties of Hatton Soils

Hatton soils are very pooragricultural soils ofcapabilityclass 5 . A strong moisture deficit, imparted by the subaridregional climateand a very low water-holding capacity, andsusceptibility to wind erosion represent serious limitationsfor the agricultural use of these soils . Class 5 soils areunsuitable for the sustained production of cultivated cropsand, at best, should be utilized for the production of foragesonly . These soils may be further downrated based on othersoil and landscape limitations (i .e . salinity, topography,wetness, etc .) that are peculiar to individual delineations .Ratings' for each delineation are listed under the heading"Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive Data Tablessection of this report .

These soils are low in organic matter, low in availablephosphorus and may be low in available potassium .

Hatton soils that occuron landscapes withgentle slopeshave a high to very high susceptibility to wind erosion ifdisturbed through cultivation, and a low susceptibility towater erosion . The only effective method of protectingHatton soils from wind erosion is by maintaining a constantplant cover as afforded through forages. It is advisable topursue theestablishment oftame species ofgrasses in narrowstrips to guard against widespread damage from wind ero-sion.

These soils are commonly stone free, however, a fewstones may be encountered in areas of Hatton soils where thesand is shallow overlying glacial till ; in these cases, occa-sional clearing of stones is required.

Hillwash soils areformedin variousdeposits associatedwith the steep and eroding sides of escarpments and valleysofrivers,creeks and tributaries . They are agroup ofshallow,eroded and weakly developed soils. Surface textures andamounts of stone are extremely variable because of thevariable nature of the parent material and the association ofthese soils with steeply sloping, eroded landscapes .

Agricultural Properties of Hillwash Soils

Hillwash soils are primarily nonarable due to the natureofthe landscapeon which they occur . Steepness ofslope andsusceptibility to erosion are the main limitations . They do,however, have some value as pasture land, depending uponsteepness of slopes, density of tree cover and availability of

water. Ratings for each delineation are listed under theheading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive DataTables section of this report.

Jones Creeksoils are DarkBrownsoils that haveformedin loamy or occasionally sandy materials ranging fromglacial till that has been highly modified by Upper Creta-ceous and Tertiary bedrock to glacially modified UpperCretaceous and Tertiary bedrock. These soils commonlyoccur on hummocky gullied landscapes with moderate tosteep slopes . Surface textures are commonlysandy loam andloam .

Kinds of Jones Creek Soils

Orthic Jones Creek - The orthic Jones Creek soil oc-curs throughout all slope positions in more gentle landscapesand on mid- to lower slopes in more steeply sloping land-scapes . It is awell-drained soil with adark brown Ahorizon,10 to 14 cm thick, overlying a brownish-colored B horizonand aC horizon in which pieces ofsandstone, siltstone, shaleor lignite coal may be evident.

Calcareous Jones Creek - Thecalcareous Jones Creeksoilisawell-drained soil with a dark brown A horizon, 10cmthick, which may be underlain by a calcareous B horizon,overlyinga calcareous C horizon in which coal, iron concre-tions and pieces of sandstone, siltstone or shale are oftenevident. This soil is often shallow and, in some areas, the Chorizon may be entirely composed of bedrock .

Weakly Developed Jones Creek - The weakly devel-opedJones Creek soil occurs on locally dry upperslopes andknollswhererunoffreduces the amount ofwater enteringthesoil. It is a well-drained soil with a thin, dark-brown Ahorizon, 6 to 10 cm thick, underlain by a C horizon thatmaybe entirely composed of bedrock materials, or that containsiron concretions, pieces ofcoal, sandstone, shale or siltstone .

Eroded Jones Creek - The eroded Jones Creek soiloccurs on steeply sloping, upper slopes and knolls whereerosion has removed most or all ofthe top soil . This usuallyresults in a brownish- or yellowish brown-colored surface inwhich pieces of weathered sandstone, siltstone, shale or coalare often evident.

Agricultural Properties of Jones Creek Soils

Jones Creek soils are generally poor to nonarable agri-cultural soils ofcapabilityclasses 4 to 6, respectively . Minorareas ofJones Creek soils thatare loam textured and occuronfavorable topography may be fair agricultural soils ofcapa-bility class 3 . They commonly occur on hummocky land-scapesthat are gullied andhave moderate to steep slopes thatare highly susceptible to water erosion . As a result, JonesCreek soils are often nonarable due to the nature of theselandscapes. However, most areas ofJones Creek soils havesome value as pasture or hay land. Ratings for each deline-

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ation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capability"in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report .

These soils have a low amount of organic matter in theA horizon, are low in available phosphorus, are high inavailable potassium, and have few stones .

Kindersley soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed in clayey lacustrine materials. They generally occuron undulating or undulating dissected landscapes with verygentle to moderate slopes . Surface textures are predomi-nantly clay .

Kindersley soils frequently occur in complex with soilsof other associations, often occurring on lower slopes .

Kinds ofKindersley Soils

Solonetz Kindersley - The solonetz Kindersley soiloccurs in association with the solodized solonetz Kindersleysoil . It has a slightly thicker A horizon than the solodizedsolonetz Kindersley soil and does not have a leached graylayer above the B horizon . As well, the B horizon is notusually as dense, as dark or as thick, but may contain moresalts than that of the solodized solonetz soil ; the underlyingC horizon contains salts .

Solodized Solonetz Kindersley - The solodized solo-netz Kindersley soil tends to occur on mid- to upper slopepositions . It is a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon,8 to 10 cm thick, underlain by a light-gray horizon fromwhich clay and organic matter have been leached, a dark-brown B horizon, and a dark-colored, moderately calcare-ous, C horizon. The B horizon is clayey in texture, very hardwhen dry, and darkly stained by organic matter leachedfromupperhorizons . Saltsarecommonlypresentwithin the lowerportion of the B horizon as well as in the C horizon .

Saline Kindersley - The saline Kindersley soil usuallyoccurs on lower slopes, often surrounding sloughs orpoorlydrained depressional areas, and along drainage channels andgullies . It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts,usuallywithin 50cm ofthe surface . The saltsoccuras a whitesurface crust or as small, white specks within the soil,although salts may not always be visible . Dull colors andreddish spots, indicative of imperfect soil drainage, are oftenpresent in the subsoil.

Agricultural Properties of Kindersley Soils

Kindersley soils are fair toverypoor agricultural soils ofcapability classes 3 to 5, respectively. Amoderate moisturedeficit imparted by the subarid regional climate, a hard Bhorizon, and salinity are themajor agricultural limitations ofthese soils. Ratings for each delineation are listed under theheading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive DataTables section of this report. During dry periods, the Bhorizon becomes very hard which, in turn, limits root pen-

etration and development. Thus, the volume of soil that theplantcan exploit for moisture and nutrients is very limited ascompared to other soil types ; reduced crop growth can beexpected . The hard, solonetzic B horizon also inhibits thedownward movementofair and waterthrough the soil . Cropstands on these soils generally have a wavy appearancecaused by relatively poor growth in those areas where the Bhorizon is most strongly developed (hardest) .

Kindersley soils have a lowamount oforganic matterinthe A horizon . Gray-colored patches, very low in organicmatter, may occur where the shallow A horizon and under-lying gray, leached layer are mixed during cultivation .

Kindersley soils are slightly acid to neutral in reaction,low in available phosphorus, and high in available potas-sium. Those soils thatoccuron landscapeswith gentle slopeshave a low susceptibility to wind and water erosion. It isrecommended, however, that crop residues be carefullyconserved during fallow periods and that strip cropping, andperhaps even shelterbelts, be utilized to guard against winderosion.

Kettlehut soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed in clay loam glacial till modified by Upper Creta-ceous clays and shales . These soils commonly occur onundulating, undulating dissected, or hummocky landscapeswith gentle to moderate slopes . Surface textures are loamand clay loam .

Kettlehut soilsfrequentlyoccur in complex with soilsofother associations . They tend to occur on lower slopes whenin complex with Brown soils formed in glacial till, and onmid- to upperslopes when in combination with soils formedin silty or clayey lacustrine materials .

Kinds of Kettlehut Soils

Solonetz Kettlehut - The solonetz Kettlehut soil oftenoccurs on mid- to upper slopes. It is a well-drained soil witha brown A horizon, 9 to 13 cm thick, underlain by a verydense, dark brown to blackBhorizon, and agrayish-colored,moderately calcareous C horizon. The lower portion of theBhorizon, as well as theChorizon, commonly contains salts.The solonetz Kettlehut soil lacks the leached gray layerfound in the solodized solonetz Kettlehut soil .

Solodized Solonetz Kettlehut - The solodized solo-netz Kettlehut soil occurs onmid- tolower slopes. It is a well-to moderately well-drained soil with abrown A horizon, 8 to12 cm thick, overlying a gray, leachedlayer from which clayand organicmatter havebeen leachedinto the B horizon . TheB horizon is characterizedby gray-capped column-like struc-tures with distinct, rounded tops thatare very hard when dry,and are darkly stained by organic matter that has beenleached out of the A horizon . The B horizon is underlain bya moderately calcareous, grayish-colored C horizon. The Chorizon, as well as the lower portion of the B horizon,commonly contains soluble salts .

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Eroded Solodized Solonetz Kettlehut - The erodedsolodized solonetz Kettlehut soil is very similar to the solo-dized solonetzKettlehut soilexceptthaterosionhasremovedmost or all of the A horizon, leaving the B horizon exposedat the surface . It is an imperfectly to well-drained soil thatmay have a very light-gray, leached Ahorizon lessthan 5 cmthick, overlying a dark brown-colored B horizon that ischaracterized by very dense, impervious, columnar struc-tures with distinctrounded tops. The B horizon is underlainby a dark-colored, moderately calcareous, often saline Chorizon . These soils are easily identified in uncultivatedpastures as they are usually bare of vegetation and occupysmall depressional areas .

Solod Kettlehut - The solod Kettlehut soil occurs onlowerslopes . It isawell-drained soil with abrown Ahorizon,8 to 12 cm thick, underlain by a thick, gray layer from whichclay and organic matter have been leached . These horizonsoverlie a B horizon that has been darkly stained by leachedorganic matter and tends to break readily into small, blockystructures that are very hard when dry . The B horizon isunderlain by a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous Chorizon . Although these soils have formed in materials thatcontain salts, they tend to occur in lower portions of thelandscape where infiltration of accumulated runoff water isenough to move salts out ofthe B and C horizons and into thesubsoil.

Saline Kettlehut - The saline Kettlehut soil usuallyoccurs on lower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorlydrained depressional areas . It is a moderately well- toimperfectly drained soil, characterized by the presence ofsoluble salts, usually within 50 cm of the surface . The saltsoccuras a white surface crustor as small, white specks withinthe soil, although salts may not always be visible. Drabcolors and reddish spots and stains, indicative of imperfectsoil drainage, are often present in the subsoil.

Poorly Drained Soils - Poorly drained soils represent avariety of wet soils. They occur mainly in sloughs and,occasionally, on the bottom of small drainage channels andlow-lying depressional areas. Theyoccurin areas thatcollectrunoff from heavy rains and snowmelt, and usually remainwet for much of the growing season . They often have thick,dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurface colors thatincludereddish spotsand streaks . Manyofthese soilsare notcultivated unless drained, although some may become dryenough to cultivate during periods of prolonged drought .Due to their location in the landscape, some of these soilshave become saline and/or carbonated .

Agricultural Properties of Kettlehut Soils

Kettlehut soils are fair to poor agricultural soils ofclasses 3 to 4, respectively . The major limitations of thesesoils are a moderate moisture deficit,imparted by the subaridregionalclimate and a moderate water-holding capacity,andthe hard structure of the solonetzic B horizon . These soilsmay be further downrated based on other soil and landscapelimitations (i .e . salinity, topography, stones, etc .) that are

peculiar to individual delineations . Ratings for each deline-ation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capability"in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report. Thedense structure ofthe B horizon limits root development andpenetration, hence, the volume of soil that the plant canexploit for moisture and nutrient uptake is limited. Thesolonetzic B horizon also inhibits the downward movementof waterand air through the soil . Crops grown on these soilsgenerally have a wavy appearance at maturity caused byrelatively poor crop growth in those areas where the Bhorizon is most strongly developed (hardest) .

Kettlehut soils have a low amount of organic matter inthe A horizon. Solod and solodized solonetz soils may oftenbe recognized as gray areas within a cultivated field . Thesegray lows, which are quite evident when the surface is dry,resultwhen cultivation has mixed theleachedlayer(veryloworganic matter) with the thin A horizon.

Kettlehut soils are slightly acid to neutral in reaction,low in available phosphorus, and high in available potas-sium. The slight acidity does not, however, affectthe yieldsof most crops and liming should not be necessary . Thesesoils generally have alow to moderate susceptibility towindand water erosion . It is important, however, that cropresidues be conserved carefully through reduced tillage orleaving stubble standing, and that other soil conservationpractices, such as strip cropping and shelterbelts, be utilizedto provide dependable protection against erosion, particu-larly during a fallow year or extended dry periods.

These soils are generally slightly stony and occasionalclearing of stones is required.

Kelstern soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed insilty lacustrinematerials. In someareas, these soilsare underlain by glacial till at a depth of less than one meter.Kelstern soils generally occur on undulating or undulatingdissected landscapes with very gentle to moderate slopes.Surface textures range from silt loam to clay loam .

Kelstern soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofothersoil associations . They tend tooccuron mid- andlowerslopes when in complex with soils formed in sandy fluvialmaterialsorglacial till,andon upper slopes when in complexwith soils formed in clayey lacustrine materials .

Kinds of Kelstern Soils

Solonetz Kelstern - The solonetz Kelstern soil tends tooccur on mid- to lower slopes . It is a well-drained soil witha dark-brown A horizon, 10cm thick, overlying a hard, dark-colored B horizon, and a moderately calcareous C horizon.The solonetz Kelstern soil differs from the solodized solo-netzKelstern soil in that itlacksa leached, gray layerbeneaththe A horizon . The B and C horizons often contain salts .

Solodized Solonetz Kelstern - The solodized solonetzKelstern soil tends to occur on mid- to lower slopes. It has abrown A horizon overlying a gray, leached layer from which

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clayand organicmatterhavebeenleached into theB horizon .The B horizon is characterized by gray-capped columnarstructures with distinctrounded tops thatare very hard whendry and are darkly stained by organic matter . The B horizonis underlain by a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous Chorizon. The lower portion of the B horizon and the Chorizon commonly contain salts .

Solod Kelstern - The solod Kelstern soil is a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon, 10 cm thick, underlainby a thick, gray layer from which clay and organic matterhave been leached . These horizons overlie a B horizon,which hasbeen darkly stained by leached organic matterandtends to break readily into small blocky structures that arevery hard when dry . The B horizon is underlain by a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon . Although thesesoils have formed in materials that contained salts, they tendto occur in lowerportions ofthe landscape where infiltrationof accumulated runoff water is enough to move salts out ofthe B and C horizons and into the subsoil .

Kelstern Solonetzic - The term Kelstern solonetzic re-fers to a mixture of solonetz, solodized solonetz and solodKelstem soils . It is used in areas where these soils occurrandomly in the landscape, usually in about equal propor-tions .

Saline Kelstern - The saline Kelstern soil usually oc-curs on lower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorlydrained depressional areas, and along drainage channels andgullies. It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts,usually within 50 cmofthesurface . The saltsoccuras a whitesurface crust or as small, white specks within the soil,although salts may not always be visible. Dull colors andreddish spots, indicative ofimperfect soil drainage, are oftenpresent in the subsoil .

Agricultural Properties of Kelstern Soils

Kelstern soils are generally fair topooragricultural soilsof capability classes 3 and 4, respectively . Their mainlimitations are a hard B horizon and soluble salts that occurwithin the rooting zone of the crop. These soils may befurther downrated based on other soil and landscape limita-tions (i.e . wetness, topography, etc .) that are peculiar toindividual delineations . Ratings for each delineation arelisted under the heading "Agricultural Capability" in theInterpretive Data Tables section of this report. The hard Bhorizon restricts water infiltration, as well as uptake ofmoisture and nutrients . Saline soils also have sufficientsoluble salts to interfere with the uptake of moisture andnutrients . Together, these factors result in depressed cropyields in most years . Crop stands on these soils generallyhave a wavy or patchy appearance reflecting relatively poorplant growth where B horizons are strongest (hardest) andwhere salinity occurs. Solodandsolodizedsolonetzsoilscanoften be recognized as gray areas within a cultivated field.These gray lows result when the leached layer (low organicmatter) is mixed with the A horizon during cultivation.

These soils are slightly acid to neutral in reaction, arelow in availablephosphorus but high in available potassium.The slight acidity, however, will not affect the yields ofmostcrops and liming should not be necessary.

Kelstern soils that occur on landscapes with gentleslopes have a low susceptibility towindand water erosion . Itis recommended, however, that crop residues be carefullyconserved through reduced tillage or leaving stubble stand-ing, and that other soil conservation practices, such as stripcropping and annual barriers, be utilized to provide depend-able protection from wind erosion.

These soils are generally stone free except where thesilty lacustrine materials areshallow (lessthan 1 m thick) andoverlie glacial till or where they occur in complex with soilsformed in glacial till .

Lark Hill soils are Dark Brown soils that have formed inloamy alluvial and colluvial materials derived from bedrockor glacial till deposits; the alluvial materials may overlieglacial till or bedrock materials . Lark Hill soils occur onundulating and hummocky landscapes with slopes rangingfrom gentle to moderate. Surfacetextures are usually loam.

Lark Hill soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations, with the Lark Hill soils tending to occuron lower slopes .

Kinds of Lark Hill Soils

Orthic Lark Hill - The orthic Lark Hill soil occurs onmidslopes in most Lark Hill landscapes, but may extend toupper and lower slopes on landscapes with gentle slopes . Itisawell-drained soil with a dark-brown Ahorizon,8 to 12cmthick, underlain by a brown B horizon and a moderatelycalcareous, grayish-colored C horizon . The A and B hori-zonsare usually formed in the loamy alluvial material, whilethe C horizon may be composed ofalluvial material, glacialtill or bedrock material .

Agricultural Properties of Lark Hill Soils

Lark Hill soils of loam texture are fair agricultural soilsof capability class 3. A moderate moisture deficit, impartedby the semiarid regional climate and a moderate water-holding capacity, is the main agricultural limitation ofthesesoils. These soils maybe further downrated based on othersoil and landscape limitations (i .e . salinity, topography,stones, wetness, etc.) that are peculiar to individual delinea-tions. Ratings for each delineation are listed under theheading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive DataTables section of this report.

These soilshaveamoderateamount oforganic matter inthe A horizon, which results in reasonably fertile soils ofgood tilth. They are low in available phosphorus and high inavailable potassium .

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Lark Hill soils that occur on landscapes with gentleslopes have a low susceptibility to wind and water erosion ;those soils that occur on landscapes with strong slopes havea high susceptibility to water erosion. When these soils arecultivated, it is recommended that soil conservation prac-tises, such as maintenance ofcrop residues through reducedtillage or leaving stubble standing, strip cropping, shelter-belts, grassing of major water runs and cultivation acrossdissected slopes, be utilized to control soil erosion whereverpractical .

A few stones can be expected on theknolls ofthese soilsand occasional clearing is required.

McEachern soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed in loamy alluvial and colluvial materials derivedfrom upper slope glacial till and bedrock materials . In someareas, these soils are shallow (less than 1 m thick), andunderlainby glacial till . McEachern soils generallyoccuronundulating or undulating dissected landscapes with verygentle to moderate slopes . Surface textures range from siltloam to sandy loam .

McEachern soils frequently occur in complex with soilsofother soilassociations, most commonly with Horse Creeksoils . They tend to occur on mid-and lower slopes when incomplex with soils formed in loamy or sandy alluvial mate-rials or glacial till.

Kinds ofMcEachern Soils

Solodized Solonetz McEachern - The solodized solo-netz McEachern soil tends to occur on mid- to lower slopes .It is a well-drained soil with a brown A horizon, 6 to 10 cmthick, underlain by a grayish-colored, leached layer withplaty structure . The underlying B horizon is enriched withclay, darkly stained with organic matter, and is very hard,especially when dry . TheB horizon is underlain byagrayish-colored, moderately calcareous C horizon . The lower por-tion of the B horizon and the C horizon commonly containsoluble salts . The C horizon may be formed in alluvialmaterials, bedrock shale or shale-modified glacial till.

SolodMcEachern - ThesolodMcEachern soil tends tooccur on lower slopes of the landscape. It is a well-drainedsoil with a brownA horizon, 8 to 10 cm thick, underlain bya thick, gray layer with platy structure, from which clay andorganic matter have been leached. TheA horizon, in turn, isunderlain by a B horizon that has been darkly stained byleached organic matter and tends to break readily into small,blocky structures thatare veryhard whendry. TheBhorizonis underlain by a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous Chorizon. Although these soils have formed in materials thatcontained salts, they tend to occur in lower portions of thelandscape where infiltration of accumulated runoff water isenoughto move salts out oftheB andChorizons and into thesubsoil.

Agricultural Properties ofMcEachern Soils

McEachernsoils are generallypoortovery poor agricul-tural soils of capability classes 4 and 5, respectively . Theirmain limitations are a hard B horizon and soluble salts thatoccur within the rooting zone of the crop, as well as amoderate moisture deficit, imparted by the subarid regionalclimate and their low to moderate water-holding capacity .These soils may be further downrated basedonothersoil andlandscape limitations (i .e . salinity, wetness, topography,etc .) that are peculiar to individual delineadons. Ratings foreach delineation are listed under the heading "AgriculturalCapability" in the Interpretive Data Tables section of thisreport . The hardB horizon restricts water infiltration, aswellas uptake of moisture and nutrients . Saline soils also havesufficient soluble salts to interfere with the uptake of mois-ture and nutrients . Together, these factors commonly resultin depressed crop yieldsin mostyears . Cropsgrownon thesesoils generally havea wavy orpatchy appearance, reflectingrelatively poor plant growth where B horizons are strongest(hardest) and where salinity occurs . Solod and solodizedsolonetz soilscan often be recognizedasgray patches withina cultivated field ; these gray lows result when the leachedlayer (loworganic matter) ismixed with the Ahorizon duringcultivation . The solod McEachern soils are the bestMcEachern soils due mainly to the increased depth of thesesoils and theiroccurrence in the more moist (lower) areas ofthe landscape .

These soils are slightly acid to neutral in reaction, arelow in available phosphorusandhigh in available potassium .The slightacidity, however, will notaffectthe yields ofmostcrops and liming should not be necessary.

McEachern soils that occur on landscapes with gentleslopes have a low susceptibility to wind and water erosion .However, when cultivated, it is recommended that cropresidues be carefully conserved through reduced tillage orleaving stubble standing, and that other soil conservationpractices, such as strip cropping and annual barriers, beutilized to provide dependable protection from wind erosion .

These soils are generally stone free except where theyare shallow (less than 1 m thick) and overlie glacial till, orwhere they occur in complex with glacial till.

Macworth soils are Brown Solonetzic soils that haveformed in clayey materials ranging from glacial till that hasbeen highly modified by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiarybedrock to glacially modified, Upper Cretaceous and Terti-ary bedrock materials . The glacial till ranges in color fromvery dark grayish brown to dark brown, and, in some areas,to almostblack . White streaksand spots ofcarbonate canbeseen in the till and, in many places, gypsum crystals are alsovisible . Macworth soils commonly occur on gently tomoderatelysloping, undulating landscapes . Surfacetexturesrange from clay loam to clay .

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Macworth soils frequently occur in complex with soilsofotherassociations . They tendto occuron eroded slopes ofshale or highly shale-modified material when in complexwith Brown soils formed in glacial till .

Kinds of Macworth Soils

SolonetzMacworth - The solonetzMacworth soiltendsto occur on mid- to lower slopes . It isa well-drainedsoil witha dark-brown A horizon, 5-10 cm thick, underlain by a hard,dark-colored B horizon that is characterized by a dense,impervious structure. The B horizon is underlain by a dark-colored calcareous, often saline, C horizon .

Solodized Solonetz Macworth - The solodized solo-netz Macworth soil is the most common Macworth soil. Itoccurs most often in the lower to upper midslope positions .It is a moderately well-drained soil with a brown A horizon,5 to 10 cm thick, underlain by a light grayish-colored,leached horizon with platy structure, and a dark brown-colored B horizon that is characterized by very dense, imper-vious, columnar structures with distinctly rounded columntops. This structure is most evident in uncultivated areasbecause tillage often destroys the rounded tops of the col-umns. However, in most cultivated areas, the very dense,impervious structure ofthe B horizon is still evident,particu-larly when the soil is dry . The B horizon is underlain by adark-colored, moderately calcareous, often salineChorizon .

Eroded Solodized Solonetz Macworth - The erodedsolodized solonetz Macworth soil is very similar to thesolodized solonetz soil exceptthat erosion hasremoved mostor all ofthe A horizon, leaving the B horizon exposed at thesurface. It is an imperfectly to moderately well-drained soilwith adarkbrown-colored B horizon that is characterized byvery dense, impervious, columnar structures with distinctlyrounded column tops . The B horizon is underlain by adark-colored,moderatelycalcareous, often saline C horizon . Thesesoils are easily identified in uncultivated pastures as they areusually bare of vegetation and occupy small depressionalareas .

Solod Macworth - The solod Macworth soil tends tooccur on lower slopes of the landscape . It is a well-drainedsoil with a brown A horizon, 8 to 10 cm thick, underlain bya thick, gray layer with platy structure, from which clay andorganic matter have been leached. The A horizon, in turn, isunderlain by a B horizon that has been darkly stained byleached organic matter and tends to break readily into small,blocky structures that are very hardwhen dry . TheB horizonis underlain by a grayish-colored, moderately calcareous Chorizon . Although these soils have formed in materials thatcontain salts, they tend to occur in lower portions of thelandscape where infiltration of accumulated runoff water isenough to move salts outof the B and C horizons and into thesubsoil .

Agricultural Properties of Macworth Soils

Macworth soils are poor agricultural soils ofcapabilityclass 4 . Their main agricultural limitations are a moderate

moisture deficit, imparted by the subarid regional climateand a moderate moisture-holding capacity, and adverse soilstructure that limits root penetration and water infiltration .Where the soil structure is particularly severe, these soils arerated as agricultural capability class 5. Ratings for eachdelineation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capa-bility" in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report .

Macworth soils have a low amount oforganic matter inthe A horizon . They are neutral to slightly alkaline inreaction but surface horizons may be slightly acidic in areasthatarestrongly leached . They arelow in availablephospho-rous but high in available potassium .

The solod Macworth soil is the best of the Macworthsoils due mainly to the increased depth of this soil and itsoccurrence in the moist parts of the landscape. Crusting onthis soil, however, may cause problems with seedling emer-gence in some years . The solodized solonetz Macworth soilis somewhat poorer due to adverse structure and shallowdepth of top soil. The eroded solodized solonetz is thepoorest of the Macworth soils due to very adverse structure .Salinity in these soils is variable and will affect crop yieldsto varying degrees .

These soils generally have a low susceptibility to windandwatererosion . Ifthese soilsare cultivated, it is importantthat crop residues be conserved carefully through reducedtillage orleaving stubble standing, and thatother soil conser-vation practices, such as strip cropping and shelterbelts, beutilized to provide dependable protection against erosion,particularly during a fallow year or extended dry periods.These soils aregenerally slightly stony and occasional clear-ing of stones will be required.

Runway soils are formed in various deposits associatedwith the sides and bottoms of shallow drainage channels .This group of soils range from weakly developed to poorlydrained and are primarily associated with dissected land-scapes . Asaresult,surface texture,degreeofstoniness,slopeclass and salinity are extremely variable . ~

Agricultural Properties of Runway Soils

Runway soils are usually rated as class 4, 5 or 6 foragricultural capability. Most of these soils, however, arenonarable in that the bottom lands are poorly drainedand theside slopes are often too steep to permit cultivation. A fewareas, where slopes permit crossing with field implements,have some potential for cultivation. As well, many areashave little potential for grazing land because they occur asnarrow strips cutting through cultivated areas . Where theyare large enough to be fenced, they do have some value aspasture land depending upon steepness of slope, density oftree cover and availability ofwater. Ratings for each deline-ation are listed under the heading "Agricultural Capability"in the Interpretive Data Tables section of this report .

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Scotsguard soils are Dark Brown soils that have formedin loamy glacial till that has been modified by the incorpora-tion of Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous bedrock. The parentmaterial of these soils often contains numerous specks ofcarbon, pieces of lignite coal, identifiable pieces of sand-stone, or silty and clayey shale fragments . Sometimes thesematerials may be so strongly weathered that they are onlyidentifiable as silty, clayey or sandy areas within the till.

Thesesoils occuronavariety oflandfonmsbutprimarilyon undulating landscapes with gentle tomoderate slopes andon hummocky dissected landscapes with moderate to strongslopes . Scotsguard soils are usually slightly stony, contain-ing a mixture of glacially transported stones and rounded,Tertiary qquartzite cobbles .

Surface textures are variable due to the variable natureofthe bedrock materials incorporated into the till, and rangefrom fine sandy loam to clay loam.

Scotsguard soils commonly occur in complex with soilsof other soil associations . They tend to occur on mid- andupperslopes when in complexwith soils formedinlacustrineor loessial materials . When in complex with other soilsformed in glacial till materials, they may occur on mid- andlower slopes, as in the case of Scotsguard-Cypress com-plexes, or on all slope positions, intermixed with soils of theother association, as in the case of Scotsguard-Amulet com-plexes.

Kinds of Scotsguard Soils

Orthic Scotsguard - The orthic Scotsguard soil occurson mid- to lower slopes . It is a well-drained soil with a darkbrown A horizon, 9 to 16 cm thick, overlying a brownish Bhorizon and a grayish, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Calcareous Scotsguard - The calcareous Scotsguardsoil occurs on locally dry upper slopes and knolls whererunoff reduces the amount of water entering the soil. Thisresultsin a thinner soil with less organicmatterthan theorthicScotsguard soil. The calcareous Scotsguard soil has a thin,usually calcareous A horizon, 8 to 12cm thick, which may beunderlain by a thin, calcareous B horizon, overlying a mod-erately calcareous C horizon . This soil has usually under-gone a certain amount oferosion, particularly on the tops ofknolls .

Agricultural Properties of Scotsguard Soils

The silty clay loam Scotsguard soils arefair agriculturalsoils ofcapability class 3 . Their main agricultural limitationis a moderate moisture deficit, imparted by the semiaridregional climate and a moderate water-holding capacity.These soils may befurther downrated based on other soil andlandscape limitations (i .e . salinity, topography, stones, etc .)that are peculiar to individual delineations. For example,soils that occur on landscapes with strong slopes or thathavelighter surface textures are often reduced to agricultural

capability class 4 0r5 . Ratings for each delineation arelistedunder the heading "Agricultural Capability" in the Interpre-tive Data Tables section of this report .

Scotsguard soils have a moderate amount of organicmatter in the A horizon, are low in available phosphorusandhigh in available potassium.

These soils are moderately susceptible to water erosion,particularly in dissected landscapes. It is recommended thatsoil conservation practices, such as maintenance of cropresidues through reduced tillage, contour tillage on slopesand grassing major water runs, be implemented to controlsoil erosion .

Scotsguard soils are slightly stony and, as a conse-quence, periodic clearing of stones is required.

. . .:. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Valor soils are Brown soils that have formed in shallowsilty lacustrine materials, 30 to 100 cm thick, overlyingloamy glacial till . Valor soils occur on undulating andhummocky landscapes with slopes ranging from gentle tomoderate. Surface textures are silt loam, loam or clay loam .

Valor soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations . They tend to occuron upper slopes whenin complex with soils formed in finer-textured lacustrinematerials, and usually on lower slopes when incomplex withsoils formed in coarser-textured fluvial materials or glacialtill .

Kinds of Valor Soils

Orthic Valor - The orthic Valor soil occurs on mid-slopes in mostValor landscapes, butmay extendto upperandlower slopes on landscapes with gentle slopes . It is a well-drained soil with a dark-brown A horizon, 9 to 17 cm thick,overlying a brown B horizon and a moderately calcareous,grayish-coloredC horizon. The AandB horizonsare usuallyformed in the silty lacustrine material while the C horizon isusually composed of clay loam glacial till .

Saline Valor - The saline Valor soil usually occurs onlower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorly draineddepressional areas, and along drainage channels and gullies .It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts, usuallywithin 50cmofthe surface. Thesaltsoccurasawhitesurfacecrust oras small, white specks within the soil, although saltsmay not always be visible . Dull colors and reddish spots,indicative ofimperfect soil drainage, are often present in thesubsoil.

Agricultural Properties of Valor Soils

Valor soils are fair agricultural soils of capability class3 . Their main agricultural limitation is a moderate moisturedeficit, imparted by the subarid regional climate and amoderatewater-holding capacity . These soils maybe furtherdownratedbased on othersoil and landscape limitations (i .e .salinity, topography, stones, wetness, etc .) that are peculiar

17

to individual delineations . Ratings for each delineation arelisted under the heading "Agricultural Capability" in theInterpretive Data Tables section of this report.

Valor soils have a low amount of organic matter in theA horizon, are low in available phosphorus and high inavailable potassium .

Valor soils have a low susceptibility to wind and watererosion . It is recommended, however, that soil conservationpractices, such as maintenance of crop residues throughreduced tillage, strip cropping and shelterbelts, be utilized toprovide dependable protection from wind erosion .

A few stonesmaybe encountered on these soils,particu-larly on upper slopes and knolls where the silty material isthin and underlain by glacial till . Occasional clearing ofstones is required.

Wymark soils are Dark Brown soils that have formed inshallow, silty loessial materials, 30 to 100 cm thick, under-lainby glacial till . Theloess has usuallybeen deposited in themid- and lower portions of glacial till landscapes whereslopes are moderate ; where slopes are gentle, the loess maycover the entire landscape as a blanket or veneer overlyingthe till . These soils usually occur on undulating landscapeswith gentle slopes . Surface textures range from silt loam tosilty clay loam .

Wymark soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother associations. Usually, the Wymark soils occur onlower slopes, with the exception of when they occur incomplex with solonetzic soils, in which case they tend tooccur on upper slopes .

Kinds of Wymark Soils

Orthic Wymark - The orthic Wymark soil occurs onmidslopes in most Wymark landscapes . However, it mayextend to upper and lower slopes on landscapes with gentleslopes . It isa well-drained soil with adark-brown A horizon,9 to 17 cm thick, overlying a brown B horizon and amoderately calcareous, grayish-colored C horizon . The Aand B horizons are formed in the loessial materials and theChorizon is usually composed of clay loam glacial till .

Agricultural Properties of Wymark Soils

Wymark soils are fair agricultural soils of capabilityclass 3 . Their main agricultural limitation is a moderatemoisture deficit, imparted by the semiarid regional climateand a moderate water-holding capacity . These soils may befurther downrated based on other soil and landscape limita-tions (i .e . salinity, topography, wetness, etc .) that are pecu-liar to individual delineations . Ratings for each delineationare listed under the heading "Agricultural Capability" in theInterpretive Data Tables section of this report.

Wymark soilshave a moderateamountoforganicmatterin theA horizon, are low in available phosphorus and high in

available potassium. These soils havea low susceptibility towind and water erosion . It is recommended, however, thatcrop residues be conserved carefully and that strip croppingand shelterbelts be utilized to provide dependable protectionfrom wind erosion, particularly during a fallow period orduring extended dry periods .

Since these soils tend to be shallow and overlie glacialtill, it is common for a few stones to occur on the surface .

Willows soils are Brown soils formed in clayey lacus-trine materials . These soils occur most commonly on undu-lating landscapes with very gentle to gentle slopes. Surfacetextures range from clay loam to clay.

Willows soils frequently occur in complex with soils ofother soil associations ; the Willows soils typically occuronmid- to lower slopes.

Kinds of Willows Soils

Orthic Willows - The orthic Willows soil occurs onmid- and lower slopes in most Willows landscapes . How-ever, it may extend onto upper slopes on gentle landscapes .It is a well-drained soil with adarkgrayish-brown A horizon,10 to 15 cm thick, underlain by a grayish-brown B horizonand a grayish-brown, moderately calcareous C horizon .

Weakly Developed Willows - The weakly developedWillows soils occurs on mid- to upper slopes in most Wil-lowslandscapes . It is awell-drained soil with a darkgrayish-brown, calcareous A horizon, 10 to 15 cm thick, that directlyoverlies a grayish brown, moderately calcareous C horizon .In some areas, where erosion has occurred, the A horizonmay be somewhat thinner and lighter in color.

Weakly Solonetzic Willows - The weakly solonetzicWillows soil is a well-drained soil that has a brown Ahorizon, 8 to 12 cm thick, overlying a slightly hard, clay-enriched B horizon. The lower B and C horizons oftencontain salts. This soil generally occurs on mid- to lowerslopes.

Carbonated Willows - The carbonated Willows soilusually occurs on lower slopes, surrounding sloughs orpoorly drained depressions ; however, it can extend ontoupperslopes in landscapes withgentle slopes . It is character-ized by a highly calcareous A horizon, 10 to 15 cm thick,underlain by a highly calcareous B or C horizon . The B andC horizons often have drab colors and reddish spots andstains, indicative of imperfect soil drainage . In addition, thesubsoil is often affected by salinity to some degree .

Saline Willows - The saline Willows soil usually oc-curs on lower slopes, often surrounding sloughs or poorlydrained depressional areas,and along drainage channels andgullies . It is characterized by the presence of soluble salts,usually within 50 cm ofthesurface . Thesalts occur asawhitesurface crust or as small, white specks within the soil,although salts may not always be visible . Dull colors andreddish spots, indicative ofimperfect soil drainage, are oftenpresent in the subsoil .

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Poorly Drained Soils - Poorly drained soils represent avariety of wet soils. They occur mainly in sloughs and,occasionally, on the bottom of small drainage channels andlow-lying depressional areas. They occur in areas thatcollectrunoff from heavy rains and snowmelt, and usually remainwet for much of the growing season . They often have thick,dark-colored A horizons and drab subsurface colors thatincludereddish spots andstreaks . Many ofthesesoils are notcultivated unless drained, although some may become dryenough to cultivate during periods of prolonged drought.Due to their location in the landscape, some of these soilshave become saline and/or carbonated.

Agricultural Properties of Willows Soils

Willows soils are fair agricultural soils of capabilityclass 3 . They have a high water-holding capacity and arelimitedprimarily byamoderatemoisture deficit,impartedbythe subarid regional climate . However, they may be down-rated based on other soil and landscape limitations (i .e .salinity, topography, wetness, etc .) that are peculiar to indi-vidual delineations. For example, poorly drained Willowssoils are poor agricultural soils ofcapability classes 4 and 5 .Ratings for each delineation are listed under the heading"Agricultural Capability" in the Interpretive Data Tablessection of this report .

These soils have a low amount of organic matter in theA horizon, are low in available phosphorus and high inavailable potassium .

Willows soils generally have a moderate susceptibilityto wind and water erosion . They have a very low infiltrationrateand, consequently, in the springofsome years, waterwilltend to pond for a period of time in depressional areasresulting in seeding being delayed or prevented .

These soils are commonly stone free with the exceptionof where they are formed in shallow materials overlyingglacial till or where they occur in complex with soils formedin glacial till.

Wetland soils are Poorly Drained soils formed in amixture of materials associated with depressional areas.Most occur as sloughs, too small to show separately on thesoilmap, and are included in themap unitsofthe surrounding

upland soils. Only the larger areas have been delineated onthe map . The Wetland soils are made up of a variety of soilswhich arereferred to collectively aspoorlydrained soils . Allare wet forat least a portion ofthe growing season and manyremain flooded for much or all of the growing season .

Kinds of Wetland Soils

Poorly Drained Wetland - Poorly drained Wetlandsoils occur in sloughs and, occasionally, in the bottom ofsmall drainage channels and low-lying depressional areas .They occur in areas that collect runoff from heavy rains andsnowmelt, and usually remain wet for much of the growingseason . The A horizon may be thin or thick (greater than 10cm), and darkly colored; or it may be leached and gray orgrayish-brown in color . Peaty poorly drained soils have alayer of peaty material, from 15 to 40 cm thick, overlyingmineralmaterials. Wetland soilshave drab subsurfacecolorsthat are often dotted with reddish spots and streaks . Someofthese poorly drained soils are also saline and carbonated.Most of the poorly drained Wetland soils are not cultivatedunless drained, although some may become dry enough tocultivate during periods of prolonged drought.

Agricultural Properties of Wetland Soils

All areas ofWetland soils have little or no potential forarable agriculture . Most have an agricultural capabilityrating of class 5 or lower . Some areas are suitable for tameor native forage production or as native grazing land . Thoseareas indicated on the soil map with the symbol X have thehighest potential . Theseare areas that usuallybecome dry atsome point in the growing season and have potential forforage production . Someofthe shallowerones may bearableduringextendeddry periodsand will have somepotential forthe production of tame hay, or early maturing, moisture-tolerantcrops. Those areas indicatedon the soil mapwith thesymbol Y usually have at least central portions remainingflooded forall ofthe wing season . In these areas,only theouter margins haveanypotential for the production ofnativehay . Those areas indicated on the soil map with the symbolZ usually remain flooded for all of the growing season andhavelittle or nopotential for agricultural use,even as grazingland.

1

4. SOILINTERPRETATIONS

propriate degree ofsalt tolerance . The objective in the salineareas is to reduce the amount of evaporation from the soilsurface, lower the watertable level and movesalts downwardwith infiltrating precipitation .

4.1 SALINITY

Saline soils occur sporadically throughout the agricul-tural area of Saskatchewan . These soils contain sufficientwater soluble salts to inhibit the uptake of moisture byplants, resultingin moisture stress andreduced plantgrowth.The presence ofsaline soils can often be recognizedby barespots inthecrop orby uneven standsofgrainor forage. Verystrongly saline soils usually develop a white surface crustduring dry weather. Where less salt is present, the soil isgrayish in colorwhen dryand the subsoil oftenhasstreaks orspecks of salt at a depth of 5 to 25 cm or deeper. In weaklysalineor moderately saline soilsthatare very wet, it may notbe possible to see the salt.

Development of Saline Soils

Salinesoilsresult almostinvariably from themovementof salts carried by groundwater and subsequent concentra-tion in the soil upon evaporation of this water at or near thesoil surface .

Soluble salts are present in the parent materials of allsoils as theresultof on-going natural, chemical andphysicalweathering processes . When the amountof water evaporat-ing from the soil is greater than the amount infiltrating, saltsmay accumulate in the soil and may result in saline soils .Areas are subject to soil salinization where water tables arehigh and the amount ofinfiltration ofprecipitation is limited .In most cases, this is a natural process which hasbeen goingon since the time of deglaciation . Agriculture has, however,aggravated the problem in someareas by the useofcroppingsystems that are not as water efficient as the natural prairie .

Management of Saline Soils

Management of saline soils requires the effective man-agement of soil water in both the saline and nonsaline partsof the landscape. In terms of water management for soilsalinity control this means making the most efficient use ofsoil moisture possible . Extending the cropping rotation orcontinuously cropping in nonsaline areas will cycle moreprecipitation through crops rather than allowing it to reachthe water table where it may contribute to salinity in someother location . Leaving stubble standing promotes a moreeven distribution of snow cover reducing the amount thatblows off the land into large snow drifts or depressionswhere, upon melting, it has a greater chance ofinfiltrating tothe watertable . Saline soils should be seeded to long-termforage or continuously cropped with crops having the ap-

Table 2. The relative tolerance ofcommon field crops tosoilsalinity. (Differences of oneor two places inthe ranking may not be significant .)

- -- .̂ ;x:: -- -

Annual Field Crons

Soybeans CanolaField Beans Mustard

b4a 8Faba Beans WheatPeas Flax

a3 Corn Fall Rye,c ° Sunflowers Oats

Barley,Sugar Beets

Forage C

Red Clover Reed Canary

UAlsike Meadow FescueTimothy Intetrnediate Whe

e E°

Altai Wild RyeRussianWild Rye

at Slender Wheatgrass`Crested Wheat Tall Wheatgrass"BromeAlfalfaSweetclover"

" These crops not tolerant offlooding, which is common insome saline areas.

" Under dry conditions slender wheatgrass is more tolerant thantall wheatgrass .

For more information on saline soils and their manage-ment, see the publication TheNature and Management ofSalt Affected Land in Saskatchewan by SaskatchewanAgriculture, Soils and Crops Branch .

Explanation of the Salinity Symbol

The soil salinity symbol is made up of three componentsindicating the extent of saline soils, the degree of the salts inthe saline soils, and theposition in the landscape occupiedbythe saline soils within the delineation and is based on fieldobservation alone.

Example : 1WPA I - Extent ClassW - Degree ClassPA - Landscape Position

Barley may producesome crop but thisland best suited totolerant forages.

M

2

Soil Salinity Extent Class Limits

Table 3. Soil salinity extent class limits .

Soil Salinity Degree

0 01 0 - 32 3 - 103 10 - 204 20 - 405 40 - 706 > 70

Table 4. Description ofsoil salinity degree classes .. . . . . . . . . . . >::~:~:.: ;:'

0- 2

2- 4

4- 8

8-16

16+

There are no visible effects of salts on the growth ofcrops . No yieldloss.

Yields ofvery sensitive crops may be restricted . Cereals aregenerallyunaffected .

Yields ofmany cropsare restricted. Wheat yields may bereduced by30%.

Only tolerantcrops yield satisfactorily. Wheat yieldsmay bereducedby 60%.

Only a few very tolerantcrops yield satisfactorily . Wheat yields maybe reduced by 80-100%.

Note: Electrical conductivity values based on a saturated paste extract .Yield loss estimates are based on recent research and only apply to the saline soils, not to the entire delineated area .

Landscape Position

The landscape position describes where in the landscape saline soils occur . In some areas, saline soils occur inmore than one landscape position . These situations are indicated by the use of two letters .

Table 5. Description of landscape position symbol.

P Saline soils occur on the edges of depressions, sloughs or runways . All soils in the bottoms of thedepressions are leached and nonsaline .

A Saline soils occur throughout the bottoms of depressions and sloughs .

D Saline soils extend throughout the bottoms of dissections and small runways .

S Saline soils occur on the sides of hills and slopes well above any slough or depression .

I Saline soil parent materials within 60 cm of the soil surface generally occur on knolls and upper slopes .

3

4.2 IRRIGATION SUITABILITY

The irrigation suitability rating is based on soil andlandscapecharacteristics . The suitability rating uses limitingfactors to predict the potential landscape-water-crop interac-tion . It also considers the potential long-term consequencesof irrigation such that the soil will remain permanentlyproductive while being irrigated. It does not consider wateravailability and quality, climate, or economics. Within anyone map delineation there may be smaller soilareas that havea higher or lower irrigation suitability than that indicated bythe mapsymbol . Any decision regarding irrigation shouldbe made only after a field-specific examination is made.

Symbol Interpretation

The combination ofsoil andlandscape categories (Table6), based upon the most limiting features present (Tables 7and 8), determine the irrigation class and suitability rating(Table 9) .

A maximum of three limitations are shown in the sym-bol . An ideal soil area to be used for irrigation will have thefollowing characteristics:

" medium texture" uniform texture vertically and horizontally" uniformly well drained" nonsaline" permeable" nearly level" nonstony

Table 6. Soil and landscape cate

: :~ws,rti. vt:~ :> :. . . .. . . ..

ories .

:I~r_ i :::::;~;::;

1 A nonlimiting2 B slightly limiting3 C moderately limiting4 D severely limiting

Irrigation Symbol

example: 2Cmvt,

2C - Irrigation classin - Soil limitations

v, t, - Landscape limitations

The exampleaboveindicates that theareainquestion hasslight limitations (2) due to soil factors (m) and moderatelimitations (C) due to landscape factors (v, t) . This area,therefore, has a fair suitability rating (Table 9) .

Symbol Evaluation

Excellent togood areas (Table 9) can usually beconsid-eredirrigable. Fairareasaremarginallysuitableforirrigationproviding adequate management exists such that the soil andadjacent areas are not affected adversely by water applica-tion . Poor soils can usually be considered nonirrigable. Therating is given for the areabased on soil characteristics in theupper 1 .2 m and the main landscape features in the area.Depending on the type and severity of the limitation, it maybe advisable to investigate an area further . Portions of thetotal area may also be significantly better or poorer than thegeneral rating would indicate . For example, within a poorarea with steep slopes, there may be areas of gentler topog-raphy that may be suitable for small scale irrigation if thedetailed examination indicates that this smaller area is oth-erwise suitable.

Decision to Irrigate

The cost of irrigation development can be expected toincrease with less suitable soils . The suitability rating doesnot take into account important factors such as climate,agronomy,availability ofwater,oreconomics in determiningthe feasibility of an irrigation project. If a field is indicatedto be suitable for irrigation based on the information pre-sented in this report, then an onsite inspection should bemade. Other factors not used in this rating should also beconsidered during asite specific examination . Theseincludegeological uniformity to 3 m, local relief, depth to bedrock,drainability, sodicity, organic matter content and surfacecrusting potential . These factors mayaffect the suitability tosome degree in termsof the type ofirrigation system that canbe used, the type and amount of surface preparation needed,theresponseofthe soil andcrop to appliedwater, andthe typeof management needed . A decision can then be madewhether to irrigate ifeconomic conditions aresuitable andanadequate source of water is available .

Irrigation can-lead to improved stability and flexibilityin farm production through improved reliability of waterapplication . Although maximum yields may be attainableonly through irrigation, assuming adequate management,other climatic considerations may affect the feasibility . Cli-matic factors may limit the range of crops that can be growndue to heat or growing season limitations. In higherrainfallareas of the province, irrigation water may only be, in manyyears, a minor supplemental source of water that may notbeneeded every year . In these cases, the increased returnsthrough higher yields, in some years, may not justify theexpense of development . In dry regions where the risk ofcrop failure due to drought is relatively high and the range ofcrops that can be grown is lower, irrigation water may be apotentially important source of moisture needed for cropgrowth .

4

Table 7. Landscape limitations .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

a

c

i

p

t

v

Impact on Target Areas - refers to the hazard resulting from the impact of applied irrigation water tothe irrigated area. Impacts may include such effects as higher water tables, wetter soils, and increases insoil salinity.

Impact on Nontarget Areas - refers to the hazard resulting from the impact ofapplied irrigation wateron an adjacent nonirrigated area . Thehazards may include such effects as higherwatertables, wetter soils,development or build-up of saline areas, or flooding and sedimentation caused by runoff.

Inundation - refers to thefrequency offlooding. The inundation hazard is used mainlyon areas adjacentto rivers .

Stones - refers to the amount of stone present on the surface and in the soil. Stones may reduce theavailable water-holding capacityofthesoil, increasedevelopment costs andrestrict the types ofcrops thatmay be grown .

Slope - refers to the presence of simple slopes (t,) in undulating landscapes, or complex slopes (t2) inhummocky or inclined landscapes . Complex slopes are often more limiting than simple slopes.Topography may affect the type of irrigation system, design and management required .

Horizontal Variability - refers to the horizontal variations caused by texture, soil structure, andlandscape pattern that may result in the surface ponding of irrigated soils .

Table 8. Soil limitations .

d Structure - soil structural properties that restrictroot and waterpenetration . Commonly used with soilsthat have a dense B horizon and an A horizon that is subject to crusting .

g Geological Uniformity - the uniformityofthe soiltexture with depth. Thegreater thetextural differencebetween the surface and subsoil, the greater the potential for the development ofperched water tables andlateral water movement.

k Hydraulic Conductivity - the rate at which water moves through a saturated soil . Used mainly on soilareas that swell upon wetting, restricting water movement through the soil.

m Available Water-Holding Capacity - the amount ofwater held by a soil that can be absorbed by plants .Coarse-textured soils with a low water-holding capacity are considered to be relatively inefficient forirrigation, as compared to medium-textured soils . Soils with this limitation also have relatively highhydraulic conductivities and intake rates .

9 Intake Rate - the rate of movement of water into the soil . It is closely associated with hydraulicconductivity which controls the rate at which water moves through the soil, and thus affects the rate atwhich water is able to enter the soil . Usually used on fine-textured soils that have relatively low intakerates requiring relatively light water application rates .

r Depth to Bedrock - the presence ofnear-surface bedrock . Perched water tables may form, resulting inpoor drainage and lateral movement of water and salts .

s Salinity - thepresence ofsoluble salts that may affect the growth ofcrops . The potential exists for loweryields, or for lateral salt movement into adjacent areas.

w Drainage - the rate ofremoval of water from a soil in relation to supply . Indicates areas ofmainly poorlydrained soils .

5

Table 9 . Irrigation suitability classes.

lA Excellent No soil or landscape limitations

2A Good Slight soil and/or landscape2B limitations1B

3A Fair Moderate soil and/or landscape3B limitations3C1C2C

4A Poor Severe soil and/or landscape4B limitations4C4D1D2D3D

4.3 STONES

Thestones rating isan estimation ofthe average severityof stoniness in a delineation . The estimation is based on theamountofstoneclearing activity requiredand isrelated to thenumber andsizeofstoneson the soil surface, numberandsize

nt~ese :::

These soils are medium textured, well drained and hold ade-quate available moisture . Topography is level to nearly level .Gravity irrigation methods may be feasible.

The range ofcrops that can be grown maybe limited . As well,higher development inputs andmanagement skills are required.Sprinkler irrigation is usuallythe only feasible methodof waterapplication.

Limitations reduce the range of crops that may be grown andincrease development and improvement costs . Managementmay include special conservation techniques to minimize soilerosion, limit salt movement, limit water table build-up orflooding of depressional areas . Sprinkler irrigation is usuallythe only feasible method of water application.

Limitations generally result in a soil that is unsuitable forsustained irrigation . Some lands may have limited potentialwhen special crops, irrigation systems, and soil and waterconservation techniques are used .

of stone piles, and the soil parent material observed . Theamount ofstoneclearing activity required is categorized intoone of six stone severity classes listed in the table below.

SO Nonstony .

S1

S2

S3

S4

Slightly stony - stones seldom hinder cultivation . Light clearing is occasionally required.

Moderately stony - stones are a moderate hindrance to cultivation . Annual clearing isusually required .

Very stony - stones cause a serious hindrance to cultivation . Sufficient stones to requireclearing on an annual basis .

Excessively stony - stones prohibit cultivation or make clearing a major task . Cultivationis usually severely hindered, even after regular, heavy clearing.

U Unclassified .

6

4.4 SOIL CAPABILITY FORAGRICULTURE

The soil capability classification for agricultural use isan interpretive classification of soils based on limitationsaffecting their use for production of annual crops. Theselimitations are categorized according to degree or severityand kind oflimitation . Degree oflimitationisrepresentedby

Class 3 soil

the capabilityclass (numbers in theexample below) and kindoflimitation is represented by the capability subclass (lettersin the example below). (The bracketed numbers in theexample below indicate the percentage of each capabilityclass present .) Capability classes and subclasses are brieflyoutlinedbelow . Acomplete explantation ofthesystemofsoilcapability classification for agriculture is contained in thepublication, A Guide to Soil Capability and Land Inven-tory Maps in Saskatchewan .

SYMBOL SEQUENCE

3(6)M5(4)TE

6/10 or 60% of the delineation I

Limitation due to insufficientmoisture-holding capacity (M)

---Class 5 soil

Limitation due to adversetopography (T) and erosiondamage (E)

4/10 or 40% of the delineation

3(6)M5(4)TE means that 60% of the area was placed in Class 3 due to a limitation inmoisture-holding capacity and40% ofthe area was placed in Class 5 because oflimitationsdue to topography and erosion damage.

Capability Class (Degree of Limitation)

The mineral soils of Saskatchewan are grouped intoseven capability classes . Soils rated Classes 1 to 3 areconsidered suitable for sustained production of commoncultivated field crops, those rated Class 4 are consideredmarginal for sustained production of common cultivated

Table 11. Description of capability classes.

CLASS 1

CLASS 2

CLASS 3

CLASS 4

CLASS 5

CLASS 6

CLASS 7

CLASS O

field crops, thoserated Class 5 areconsideredcapable only ofpermanentpastureandhay production, thoserated Class 6areconsidered suitable only for use as native pasture, and thoserated Class 7 are considered unsuitable for either the produc-tion of field crops or for use as native pasture .

Soils in this class have no significant limitations in use for crops.

Soils in this class have moderate limitations that restrict therange ofcrops or require moderateconservation practices.

Soils in this class have moderately severe limitations that restrictthe range ofcrops orrequirespecial conservation practices .

Soils in this class have severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require specialconservation practices, or both .

Soils in this class have very severe limitations that restrict their use to the production ofnativeor tame species of perennial forage crops . Improvement practices are feasible .

Soils in this class are capable of producing native forage crops only . Improvement practicesare not feasible.

Soils in this class have no capability for arable agriculture or permanent pasture .

Unimproved or virgin organic soils are not included in classes 1 to 7, and are designated by theletter `O' .

7

Capability Subclass (Kind of Limitation)

The capability subclass represents a grouping ofsoils that have the same kind oflimitations for crop produc-tion . If more than one limiting condition is recognized in a

Table 12 . Description of capability subclasses.

particular area, the subclasses are listed in order of theirimportance .

Climatic Limitations - Limitations due to climatic deficiencies .

C Depicts a moisture deficiency due to insufficient precipitation .

Soil Limitations - Limitations due to soil deficiencies are caused by adverse physical, chemical andmorphological properties of the soil .

D

F

M

N

S

Depicts adverse soil structure in the upper layers (A and B horizons) that affects the conditionof the seedbed, prevents or restricts root growth and penetration, or adversely affects moisturepermeability and percolation .

Depicts adverse fertility characteristics of soils having naturally low inherent fertility due to lackof available nutrients, high acidity or alkalinity, high calcium carbonate content or inadequatecation exchange capacity .

Depicts an insufficient soil water-holding capacity, due to the combined effects of the texturalcharacteristics of the top 1 m and by the organic matter content of the surface horizon .

Depicts excessive soil salinity andapplies tosoilswith eitherhigh alkalinity ora sufficientcontentof soluble salts to adversely affect crop growth or the range of crops which can be grown.

Depicts a variety of adverse soil characteristics . It is used in a collective sense in place ofsubclasses M, D, F andN, where more than two of them are present, or where two ofthese occurin addition to some other limitation .

Landscape Limitations - Limitations due to adverse characteristics of the soil landscape .

T

W

P

E

I

R

X

Depicts a limitation in agricultural use of the soil as the result of unfavorable topography. Itincludes hazards to cultivation and cropping imposed by increasing degree of slope as well as bythe irregularity of field pattern and lack of soil uniformity .

Depicts a limitation due to excess watercaused by either poorsoil drainage, a high groundwatertable or to seepage and local runoff. It does notinclude limitations that are the result offlooding .

Depicts a limitation caused by excess stones and itapplies to soils that are sufficiently stony thatthe difficulty of tillage, seeding and harvesting are significantly increased .

Depicts a limitation caused by actual damage from wind and/or water erosion .

Depicts a limitation due to inundation and applies to soils subjected to flooding by lakes orstreams, but does not include local ponding in undrained depressions.

Depicts a limitation due to shallowness to bedrock and applies to soils where the rooting zone isrestricted.

Soils having a moderate limitation due to the accumulative effect of two or more adversecharacteristics ofthe soiland the landscapewhich singly are not serious enough to affect the classrating .

10

4.7 WIND EROSION

Wind Erosion Potential

The calculation ofwind erosion potential is based on thefollowing formula:

E(p) =CxTxIxK

E(p) Potential annual soil loss .

C Climatic factor (based on average wind ve-locityandtemperature) . Values arccompiledfrom weather stations and are presented on arural municipality basis .

T Landscape factor (based on slopeclass andsurface form) . Topography, including thedifferences in reliefbetween one locationandanother, the direction, steepness and fre-quency ofslopes, andthe comparative rough-ness of the land's surface, has a pronouncedeffect on the potential erodibility of soils .

Table 16 . Wind erosion susceptibility classes.

I Soil erodibility factor (based on texture) .The relativeproportions ofsand, silt and claypresentinfluenceasoil's ability toabsorbandretain moisture and, consequently, to formaggregates resistant to wind erosion . Coarse-textured soils have a "single grain" structurelacking sufficient amounts of silt and clay tobind individual sandparticles together . Con-sequently, these soils are readily brokendown anderoded by wind . Fine and medium-textured soils have a higher water-holdingcapacity andstrongersurface attraction. Thisresults in a good soil structure with a highdegree ofresistance to wind erosion .

K Soil ridge roughness factor (based on tex-ture) .

The E(p) values from the formula are used to predict asoil's susceptibility to wind erosion ifthe soil surface is bare(i.e. it is in summerfallow with no growth and no organicresidueon the surface) . Managementpracticesand theactualamount of past wind erosion that has occurred are notconsidered .

1 Very Low

2 Low

3 Moderate

4 High

5 Very High

6 Extremely High

Good soil management and average growing conditions will produce a cropwith sufficient residue to protect these soils against wind erosion.

Good soil management and average growing conditions may produce a cropwith sufficient residue to protect these soils against wind erosion .

Average growing conditions may not supply adequate residue to protect thesesoils against wind erosion. Enhanced soil management practicesare necessaryto control wind erosion .

Averagegrowing conditionswillnot provide sufficientresidue to protect thesesoils against wind erosion. Coarse-textured soils may be seeded to pasture orto forage crops to prevent severe degradation of the soil .

These soils should not be used for annual cropping, but rather for pasture andforage crops which will protect the surface from severe degradation .

These soils mustbe left in permanent pasture and are not capableof sustainingarable agriculture .

U Unclassified Unclassified areas (e.g . Wetlands).

11

4.8 WATER EROSION

Water Erosion Potential

Thepotential water erosion classes are obtained byusingthe Universal Soil Loss Equation . This equation isan erosionmodel developed in the United States to predict long termaverage soil losses from runoff. The equation is :

A=RxKxLxSxCxP

A Computed loss per unit area (tons per acreper year) .

R Rainfall erosivity factor (the amount andintensity ofrainfall an area receives).

K Soil erodibility factor (calculated usingseveral physical soil properties ; texture, or-ganic matter, infiltration rate and structure) .

Table 17 . Water erosion susceptibility classes .

L Slope length factor.

S Slope steepness factor .

C Cover and management factor .

P Support practice factor .

Assessment of potential water erosion for a particulararea is independent of current management practices andthereforethe C andP factors in theequationareheld constant.

When using this information, it should be rememberedthat the class assigned to an area is an estimation of potentialerosion for the entirearea andthatindividual soils may occurwithin the area that vary significantly from the assignedclass.

1 Very Low

2 Low

3 Moderate

4 High

5 Very High

U Unclassified

D or GModifiers

Conventional soil management will produce sufficient residue to protect thesoil from water erosion .

Conventional soil management and average growing conditions should pro-duce sufficient residue to protect the soil from water erosion .

Conventional farming practices will result in a steady loss of soil due to watererosion . Conservation practices should be instituted toprevent degradation ofthese soils .

Rapid loss of soil will occur unless conservation practices are instituted. Allgullies in these areas should be grassed .

These soils should notbe broken due to their watererosion hazard. Ifbroken,perennial crops or permanent forage should replace annual crops .

Unclassified areas (e.g. Wetlands) .

If an area was observed tobe gullied (G) or dissected (D) (dissections beingshallow gullies that canbecrossedwith farm implements), these symbols wereadded to the erosion class symbol to indicate that higher rates oferosion mayoccuron the steeper slopes along the edges of the dissection or gully if they areleft unprotected .

12

4.9 PAST WIND AND WATER ERO-SION

An erosion rating has been assigned to each soil area .This rating reflects the surveyor's best estimate ofthe extentand degree of erosion that has occurred in an area sincecultivation . Areas that have never been cultivated usuallyhave enough vegetative covertoprotect the soil surface fromerosion and, therefore, remain relatively unaffected . SomeTable 18. Past wind and water erosion classes.

uncultivated areas, however, do haveclearevidenceofrecenterosion .

The rating system contains six classes withthedegree ofpast wind and water erosion ranging from unaffected (WO) tovery severe (W5) . These classes, with the exception ofWO(unaffected), are assigned modifiers (G,K, B) which identifythetypeoferosion thathas occurred. Wetlands,nonsoilareasand some uncultivated areas were not classified and aredesignated with the symbol `U' .

G7~SS ~?~~:: ~:::::~:::::::<:':::: : : : : : :::::~~~:~:~: :> :~::::::::::::::. pe~~ .~~: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . .: ::::.::.::.::.: : ::.:::.::.:::.U UnclassifiedWO Unaffected . No evidence ofpast wind or water erosion .Wl Weak. Soils are slightly eroded .W1K The knolls have slightly thinner A horizons and are lighter in color than midslopes. There is no noticeable

thickening of the surface horizon on mid- to lower slopes.W1B Wind hasremoved part ofthe soilsurface resulting in thinner Ahorizons . There is very little mixing ofthe Aand

B horizons and little sign of soil accumulation on mid- and lower slopes .W1G A few very shallow dissections are present indicating very slight evidence of water erosion.

W2 Moderate. Soils are moderately eroded .W2K Eroded knolls make up 5-15% of the area . The knolls are much lighter in color than midslopes. There is a

noticeable thickening ofthe surface horizon on lower slopes due to accumulation of upper slope material . IW2B Wind has removed partofthe Ahorizonresulting in moderately thin Ahorizons . There is slight mixing of Aand

B horizons during tillage and some evidence of soil accumulation near fencelines and windbreaks.W2G Shallow dissections arepresent. The dissectionsmay easily becrossed by farmimplements and have little effect ,i

oncultivation . There is evidence ofrill erosion (small channels afewcentimetersdeep, occurring aftersubstantial 'rains or snowmelt).

W3 Strong. Soils are strongly eroded .W3K Eroded knolls make up 15-40% of the area . Theknolls are much lighter incolor than midslopes. Alargeportion

ofthe Ahorizon has been removed and redistributed to lower slopes. On knolls, subsoil has been incorporatedinto the cultivated horizon.

W3B Wind has removed a significant amount of the Ahorizon. Regular tillage results in a thorough mixing of the Bhorizon with the remaining A horizon. Accumulation of wind-blown material occurs along fencelines andwindbreaks .

W3G Distinct dissections are present . The dissections may be crossed by farm implements with some difficulty, andhavea moderate effecton cultivation . These dissections shouldbeseeded tograssto prevent furtherdamage fromerosion .

W4 Severe . Soils are severely eroded .W4K Erodedknolls makeup40-70% of the area . The erodedknolls are white in color, with light colors extending well

onto the midslope position . Erosion has destroyed the soil profile on upper slopes.W4B Wind has removed most of the A horizon and frequently part of the B horizon. Occasional blowout areas are

present, creating a very unstable surface .W4G Occasional shallow gullies are present . Thegullies cannot be crossedby farm implements, and therefore, should

not be cultivated for annual cropping . Reclamation for improved pasture is difficult unless erosion can becontrolled .

WS Very Severe . Soils are very severely eroded.W5K Eroded knolls makeup greater than 70% of the area. The knolls andmidslopes are white in color. Erosionhas

destroyed the soil profile on upper and midslope positions .W5B Wind has removed most of the soil profile . Blowout holes are numerous and easily carved into the subsoil or I

parent material. Areas between blowouts are deeply buried by eroded soil material. At best, this land should beutilized for native or improved pasture .

W5G Deep gullies occur frequently . Soil profiles have been destroyed except in small areas between gullies . Theseareas should be permanently grassed . Reclamation of eroded areas is a difficult process .

13

4.10 SAND AND GRAVEL

The sand and gravel symbol shows the location of nearsurface sources of sandy and gravelly materials. Thematerials can range from mixtures of sand and silt to coarsegravelly sand . Thesematerialsmay be usedforconcrete, sub-base for roads, traffic gravel or pervious borrow for fill

Table 19 . Description of sand and gravel symbol.

purposes . This symbol does not suggest whether any oftheseareas contain sands and gravels ofsufficient volumeorquality to enable commercial development.

Theterm sand refers to materials with greater than 50%sand and with less than 15% clay . Gravel refers to materialshaving a significant component of particles greater than 2mm in diameter .

SGO No sandy or gravelly materials recognized G3 Gravelly materials occupy 40-70% of landscape

S1 Sandy materials occupy 1-15% of landscape SG3 Sandy and gravelly materials occupy 40-70% of

G1 Gravelly materials occupy 1-15% of landscape landscapeSG1 Sandy and gravelly materials occupy 1-15% of S4 Sandy materials occupy greaterthan 70% of land-

landscape scapeS2 Sandy materials occupy 15-40% of landscape G4 Gravelly materials occupy greater than 70% of

G2 Gravelly materials occupy 15110% oflandscape landscapeSG2 Sandy and gravelly materials occupy 1540% of SG4 Sandy and gravellymaterials occupy greater than

landscape 70% of landscapeS3 Sandy materials occupy 40-70% oflandscape U Unclassified

Characteristics of Sand and Gravel Pits

The following table lists the legal location, and providesinformation on various characteristics, ofsand and gravel pitsin this municipality . The data was compiled by the Sas-

Table 20. Gravel pit characteristics .

NE 11 5 8 3 1 .9

katchewan Research Council based on detailed field investi-gations by the Saskatchewan Department of Highways andTransportation .

75.5 23.4 0.9 Clean sandy gravel, no material greaterthan 80 mm.

* "Gravel" refers to material greater than 5 mm in diameter (Industrial Classification)."Sand" refers to material greater than 0.071 mm and less than 5 mm in diameter ."Fines" refers to material less than 0.071 mm in diameter .

14

4.11 SOIL MOISTURE AND YIELD Estimation of Potential Yield

An estimateoftheamountofavailable soil moisturemaybe of value in decision-making regarding the seeding ofstubble land and the level offertilizer inputs required . In mostcases, such decisions rely, in part, on an estimate ofexpectedyield. Since yield is largely a function of soil moistureconditions, an estimate of the amount of soil moistureavailable to the crop over the growing season can be used toassess the probability of obtaining a given yield.

Calculation of Available Soil Moisture

To calculate the amount of available water in the soil,multiply the soil's available water-holding capacity (seeTable 21) by the depth of moist soil .

Table 21. Available soil water-holding capacity in rela-tion to soil texture.

Loamy sand 0.05Sandy loam 0.08Fine sandy loam 0.09

Very fine sandy loam 0.10Sandy clay loam 0.12Loam 0.14

Silt loam 0.16Clay loam 0.17Silty clay loam 0.20Clay 0.21Silty clay 0.22Heavy clay 0.23

Example: If a loam-textured soil were moist to a depthof 500 mm, it would contain about 70 mm (500 x 0.14)of available water .

The amount ofsoil moisture available to thecrop equalsthe amount stored in the soil prior to seeding, plus thatreceived as precipitation during the growing season . Avail-able soil moisture prior to seeding can be estimated usingTable 21 . The probability of receiving various amounts ofprecipitation over the growing season is given in Table 22.

Table 22 . Probability (%) of receiving at least the indi-cated amounts ofgrowing-season precipitation(May 15 to August 13) .

Precipitation (mm)'50 70 90 110 130 155 180 200 225 240

Probability (%)>95 90 85 75 65 50 35 25 15 10

' Precipitation data from Mankota weather station.

Example : If the probability of receiving 155 mm ofprecipitationwere 50%, then 1L!= 155 mmofprecipi-tation could be expected in 5 out of 10 years .

To asses the probability of obtaining a given yield:

1 . Estimate the availablesoil moistureprior to seeding .2 . Determine the total moisture requirements (Table

23).3 . Assessthe probabilityofreceiving enough precipita-

tion during the growing season to make up thedifference.

Example : Ifa loam-textured soil were moist to a depthof500 mm, what would be the probability ofobtaininga wheat yield of at least 1500 kg/ha?

1 . Stored soil moisture = (500 x 0.14) = 70 mm.2 . Total moisture requirements = 200 mm.3 . Moisture required = (200 - 70) = 130 mm.4 . Probability of receiving at least 130 mm is about

65%.

Table 23. Estimated yieldsb (kg/ha) in relation to available moisture requirements.

Wheat 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 .015Oats 640 950 1270 1590 1910 2230 2540 2860 3180 3500 .026Barley 740 1110 1480 1850 2210 2580 2950 3320 3690 4060 .019Flax 360 500 660 830 990 1160 1320 1490 1650 1820 .016Canola 360 540 720 900 1080 1270 1440 1620 1800 1980 .018

b Yields are basedon goodmanagement andreasonably normal seasonal climatic conditions, particularly withrespect to the timelinessofrainfall events . Actual yields may exceedestimates under abnormally favorable conditions, or be below estimates due to weeds,disease, low fertility, or adverse climatic extremes .

15

4.12 DEEP TILLAGE

A system has been developed to rate the suitability ofsolonetzic soils for deep tillage treatment. Because so-lonetzic soils are highly variable, this rating system shouldbe used only as a guide . A detailed field inspection shouldbe carried out before a decision to deep till is made.

Table 24. Description of soil limitation classes.

Deep Tillage Limitation Symbol

example: Mum

M - Soil Limitation Classnm - Soil Limitations

N None Solonetzic soils are dominantin the area and have no limitations for deep tillage .

M Moderate Soil or landscape properties are limiting or solonetzic soils are not sufficientlyextensive to require treatment of an entire field.

S Severe Soil or landscape properties are severely limiting or most soils in the area are notsolonetzic .

O Not solonetzic Soils are not solonetzic .

Table 25. Description of soil limitations.

x Extent Extent of solonetzic soils in the area is not great enough to require treatment.

n Salinity Saline soils are present and should not be deep tilled.

m Parent material Clayey or sandy soils are present and should not be deep tilled .texture

Stones Because stones are brought to the soil surface by deep tillage, stony soils are notsuitable for tillage treatment .

t Topography Steep slopes are a limitation to deep tillage .

c Soil zone Aridity in the Brown soil zone could be a limitation to deep tillage treatment.

Some properties that will affect the success of deep The calcium carbonate layer and the B horizon should occurtillage cannot be identified at the scale of mapping done for within 40 cm of the soil surface and soil drainage should bethis report. These properties include: depth to calcium good at any site selected for deep tillage. These propertiescarbonate (lime), depth to the B horizon, and soil drainage. should be checked in the field before tillage is done .

1

5. ACREAGE FACTSRural Municipality of Mankota, Number 45

::::~:.::.::::.::.::.::.:.::::. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~~: . . . . . . . . . . . ..~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TOTAL AREA . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .170609 . . . . .421576 SURFACE pH (Soil Acidity)X ( < 5.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .0

SOIL CAPABILITY FOR AGRICULTURE A (5.5 - 6.0) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .7729 . . . . . . .19099Class 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 B (6.1 - 6.7) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 67502 . . . . .166797Class 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 C (6.8 - 7.5) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .69422 . . . . .171541Class 3 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30499 . . . . . . . 75362 D ( > 7.5) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .25538 . . . . . . . 63104Class 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 79536 . . . . .196533Class 5 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40265 . . . . . . .99496 SURFACE TEXTURE -Class 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19843 . . . . . . .49033 Sands . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .3531 . . . . . . . . .8726Class 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .282 . . . . . . . . . . .696 Sandy Loams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 17562 . . . . . . . 43396Class 0 .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .0 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .0 Loams .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .39780 . . . . . .. 98296

Clay Loams . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..95655 . . . . .236363IRRIGATION SUITABILITY Clays . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .13897 . . . . . ..34340

Excellent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 Organics . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .0 . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .0Good . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .38883 . . . . .. .96080Fair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .54768 . . . . .135331 WIND EROSION POTENTIALPoor . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . ..76775 . . . . .189710 Very Low . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .305 . . . . . . . . . . .753

Low . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .115275 . . . . .284845SALINITY Moderate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .37618 . . . . . . .92955

Very Strong . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .146 . . . . . . . . . . . 361 High . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .13754 . . . . . . . 33987Strong . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6599 . . . . .. . 16305 Very High . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3236 . . . . . . . . . 7995Moderate . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3447 . . .. .. . . .8517 Extremely High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0Weak . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .297 . . . . . . . . . . .735None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .160121 . . . . .395659 WATER EROSION POTENTIAL

Very Low .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..9632 . . . . . ..23800SAND ANDGRAVEL Low . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .120423 . . . . .297565

Sandy . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 5183 . . . . ...12806 Moderate . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..14971 . . . . . . . 36994Sandy and Gravelly . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .229 . . . . . . . . . . . 567 High . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .13028 . . . . . . . 32193Gravelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Very High . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12134 . . . . . . . 29983

STONES WETLANDS ANDPOORLY DRAINED SOILSNon- to Slightly Stony . . . . . . . .84595 . . . . .209035 Open water and lakes . . .. . . . . . .. . . .284 . . . . . . . . . . .701Moderately Stony . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 85575 . . . . .211456 Wet, poorly drained soils . . . . . .6915 . . . . . . .17088Very Stony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 . . . . . . . . . . .630Excessively Stony . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0

1

6. INTERPRETIVE DATA TABLES

AreaNoMapUnit

SlopeClass

LandForm

SurfaceTexture Salinity irrigation

StoneClass

AgriculturalCapability pH

WetlandsClassification

WindEros.

WaterEros .

PastEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

1 By5 3 u vl-I 4MA 4Dsv S1 4(6)M5(4)NW C5 3C3-H 3 2 W1B SGO 0 92.82 Av26 2-3 uc sil-sid 6MA 4Bksv S1 5(8)ND4(2)ND C5 3P6-N 2 1 W2G SGO 0 16.33 HtHr4 3-4 ud sl-I 3SA 4Csv S1 5(6)M4(4)M C7 2S2-H 4 2D W2B S3 0 58.84 AdFx1 3.4 ud cl 2MA 3Bst1v S1 3(10)M C3 1C1-N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 358 .15 HrByi 3 ud I 2SAD 3Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 21) W2GK SGO 0 1580 .76 VaHr9 3-4 ud I-sl 3SAD 4Bstiv S1 4(6)M5(4)MN C5 2S1-N,1C1-N 3 21) WIG SG1 0 260 .27 Av26 2-3 uc sil-sid 6MA 4Bksv S1 5(8)ND4(2)ND C5 3P6-N 2 1 W2G SGO 0 338 .28 AdVa4 4-5 hd cl-I 2MA 3Cst2 S2 4(10)MT B4 N 2 2D W2KG SGO 0 1478 .89 HrByt 3 u I-fl 1MA 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 3 2 W2K SGO 0 3731 .5

10 By5 3 u VI-1 4MA 4Dsv St 4(6)M5(4)NW C5 3C3-H 3 2 W1 B SGO 0 418 .911 Byi 3 ud vl 1MAD 2Bst1 SO 4(10)M C3 1C1-N 4 2D W1BG SGO 0 1790.212 Fx6 3 ud sil-sid 4SA 4Dsv Si 5(7)NW4(3)M C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 1667.913 Fx1 3 u sid-I 1SA 2Bqtlv Si 3(7)M4(3)M C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 273.814 AdVa1 3 ud Cl-1 1MD 2Bqtlv S1 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D W1KG SGO 0 1565.515 AdVa4 3-4 ud cl-I 2SAD 3Bst1v S1 4(7)M3(3)M 134 N 2 2D W2KG SGO 0 3078.516 AdVai 3 ud cl-I 2MD 3Bst1v St 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 21) W2KG SGO 0 1467.817 AdVa4 5-4 hd cl-I 1MD 2Cqt2 S1 4(8)MT5(2)TE 134 N 3 31) W2KG SGO 0 2948.218 AdVa1 3 ud CH 1MD 2Bqtlv S1 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 21) W1KG SGO 0 1825.819 Rw 3-5 id I-cl 3SAD 4Dct2 S1 4(6)MT5(4)T D1 N 2 4D W2G SGO 0 210.620 WwFx9 2-4 uid sid-sil 3SAD 4Cst2 SO 3(8)M5(2)N C5 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 726.421 VaAd1 3 uid I-cl 2MD 3Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 1286 .722 VaAd1 3 uid I-cl 2MD 3Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 21) W2G SGO 0 254 .623 AdVa4 4-5 hd cl-I 2WD 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)MT 84 N 2 21) W2GK SGO 0 4410 .724 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-I 1MD 2Bqtlv S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 559 .625 AdVe4 5-3 hid cl-1 3MD 4Dst2 S1 4(8)MT5(2)TE B4 N 2 2D W2GK SGO 0 500 .826 Rw 3 uid I-cl iSD 4Dct2 S1 4(7)ME5(3)W D1 N 2 3D W2G SGO 0 258 .527 VaAd4 4-3 ud sil-cl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 3(10)M C7 1S1-N 2 31) W2K SGO 0 1474 .728 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-sil 2SD 3Bst1v S1 3(10)M BO N 2 21) W1GK SGO 0 1427.629 Rw 5-3 hig I-sl 3MD 4Dct2 S2 5(8)TE4(2)T D1 N 3 4G W3G SGO 0 140.530 AdBy1 3-4 ud cl-sl 1MD 2Cqsv S1 3(5)M4(5)M C1 N 2 2D W1KG SGO 0 476.731 AdVa4 4 ud cl-I 2MD 3Bst1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M B4 N 2 2D W2KG SGO 0 1167.432 ByFx1 3 ui sl-sil 2MA 3Bsttv SO 4(6)M3(4)M A4 N 3 2 W2B SGO 0 963 .033 Va1 3 u sil IWA 1 Bvt1 S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 453 .434 ByHt9 3-2 ud Skis 3SAD 4Bst1v SO 5(10)MN D4 N 4 2D W3K S2 0 1448.535 Fx1 3 u sid-I 1SA 2Bqt1v S1 3(1)M4(3)M C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 171 .436 Fx1 3 u sil-sid 1MA 2Bst1v SO 4(6)M3(4)M C3 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 776.737 ByHr1 3 u sl 1MD 2Bmt1v S1 5(10)M C3 N 4 2 W2K SGO 0 184.838 ByFx9 3-2 ud sl-I 4SA 4Bst1v S1 5(7)MN6(3)N C7 N 3 2D W2GB SGO 0 1262.939 ByHt1 3-2 u sl-Is 2MA 3Bsttv so 5(10)M C5 N 4 2 W3B S2 0 574.340 WwFx1 2-3 uc sic-sicl 3MA 4Bst1v SO 3(8)M4(2)N C7 1C1-N 2 1 W1K SGO 0 243.441 ByAd1 3-4 uid fl-d 1SD 2Bst1v Si 4(7)M3(3)MT C3 1S1-N 3 21) W2KG SGO 0 95.142 ByFx9 3-2 ud sl-I 4SA 4Bstiv S1 5(7)NM6(3)N C7 N 3 2D W2GB SGO 0 251 .743 Byi 3 ud il-I 1WA 1Bt1 SO 4(10)M C5 1W1-N,1C1-N 3 2D W1B SGO 0 818.944 VaAd4 4 hd sil-cl 1WA 1Ct2 Si 3(7)M4(3)MT C5 1C1-N 3 31) W2K SGO 0 1017.045 VaAdi 3 u 1-cl l WA 1 Bvt1 S1 3(10)M C5 N 2 2 WIK SGO 0 766.246 By1 3 ud fl-I 1WA 1Bt1 SO 4(10)M 05 1W1-N,1C1-N 3 2D W1B SGO 0 41 .747 Rw 3 id I 5MA 4Dct2 S1 4(7)TES(3)NW D1 2S2-H,102-N 2 3D W2K SGO 0 349.248 VaAd1 3 u sil-cl 2WA 2Bst1v S1 3(10)M C5 1S1-N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 1559.649 Rw 3 id I 5MA 4Dct2 S1 4(7)TE5(3)NW D1 2S2-H,102-N 2 31) W2K SGO 0 93.050 Ad5 4-6 hd I-cl 1WA 1Dt2 S3 4(6)MT5(4)T C5 1S2-N 3 41) W3KG SGO 0 548.851 AdVa1 3 u cl-I 1WA 2Bqtlv S1 3(10)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 955.852 AdVe4 4-3 ud cl-sid 0 2Bqtlv S1 3(10)MT C5 N 2 2D W2K SGO 0 1698.353 VaAd4 3-4 ui sid-d 1MA 2Bqst1 S2 3(10)M C5 1C2-N 2 2 W2K SGO 0 909.154 AdVa1 3 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqtlv S1 3(10)M BO N 2 21) W2KG SGO 0 660.055 AdVa1 3 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqt1 v Si 3(10)M BO N 2 21) W2KG SGO 0 1630.856 Av19 3-2 ud cl-c 3SAD 4Dsv SO 3(4)M4(3)NW5(3)NW D1 N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 895.257 FxKn9 2-3 ud cl 4SA 4Bst1v SO 4(7)MD5(3)ND D1 N 2 1D W2G SGO Sxn 817.058 VaAd1 3 ud sil-cl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 3(10)M C3 2C1-N 2 2D W1KG SGO 0 977.059 AdBy4 3-4 h I-sl 1WA 1Ct2 S2 4(10)M C3 1C1-N 2 2 W2K SGO 0 34 .960 Rw 4-3 uic I 1MA 4Dct2 S1 5(5)MT6(5)TE C5 1S1-N 2 3 WIG SGO 0 47.461 VeAd1 3 ud sil-cl 1WA 1Bvt1 Si 3(10)M C3 2C1-N 2 2D W1KG SGO 0 174.462 AdVa4 4-5 h I 2SA 3Cst2 S1 4(10)MT B4 2E2-N 3 3 W1K SGO 0 26.463 AdVe2 3-4 hd cl iWA 2Dqv S2 3(7)M4(3)W BO 2W1-N,2C1-N 2 21) W2K SGO 0 1110.264 Av17 2-4 uc sid-Is 4SA 4Dsv SO 4(5)M5(4)MN6(1)WT D1 2P1-N,2S1-N 3 2 W2BG SGO 0 1533.065 WwFx9 2-4 uid sid-sic 4SA 4Dsv SO 5(6)NW4(4)MN D1 N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 936 .7

2

AreaNo. Map Unft

SlopeClass

LandForm

SurfaceTexture Salinity Irrigation

StoneClass

AgriculturalCapability PH


WindEros.

WaterEros .

PostEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

66 AdVa2 3-4 hd cl 1WA 2Dqv S2 3(7)M4(3)W BO 2W1-N,2C1-N 2 2D W2K SGO 0 66.967 ByHt4 3 ud sl-Is 2MD 313st1v S1 5(10)M C7 N 4 2D W213 S2 0 678 .868 Va1 3-2 ud sil-sid 1MA 2Bst1v S1 3(10)M C3 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 870 .069 VaAdi 3 ud i-cl 1MD 2Bsttv St 4(10)M C3 N 2 20 W2G SGO 0 5233.070 VaAd1 3 ud I-cl iMD 2Bst1v St 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 142.371 By1 2-3 ud sl 2MA 38st1 SO 5(10)M D1 N 4 1D W2B SGO 0 491 .672 Av19 3 ud I-cl 5MAD 4Dsv S1 5(7)NW4(3)NM D1 N 2 20 W2G SGO 0 1681 .173 FxKnt 2-3 u sil 1SA 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2 W1K . SGO Sx 727 .774 Av17 2-3 uc s-d 4SD 4Dmsv SO 5(5)MN6(5)W D1 2S1 -N 5 1 W2G SGO 0 50.275 HtBy1 2-3 u sl-I 1SA 2Bmt1v S1 5(6)M4(4)M B1 N 3 1 W2B S3 0 585.276 Byt 2-3 u fl 1WA 1Bt1 St 4(10)M C5 N 3 1 W1B SGO 0 182 .877 Av17 2-3 uc s-d 4SD 4Dmsv SO 5(5)MN6(5)W D1 2S1 -N 5 1 W2G SGO 0 3414.578 By1 2-3 u fl 1MA 2Bst1 S1 4(10)M C5 N 3 1 W1B SGO 0 43.379 Av13 3-2 uc Is-sil 5SA 4Dsv SO 5(6)NW6(4)NW D1 2S1-N 4 1 W2G SGO 0 90.280 By1 2-3 u fl iMA 2Bst1 S1 4(10)M C5 N 3 1 W1B SGO 0 378 .981 ByHt1 3-4 u fl-sl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 4(7)M5(3)ME C5 N 3 2 W2B S2 0 417.382 ByHt9 2-3 u fl-sl 2SA 3Bst1v S1 4(7)M5(3)MN D4 N 4 1 W2B S2 0 166.983 ByHt1 3-4 u 0-sl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 4(7)M5(3)M C5 N 4 2 W28 S2 0 225.884 ByHt9 2-3 u fl-sl 2SA 3Bst1v S1 4(7)MS(3)MN D4 N 4 1 W2B S2 0 1066.985 FxKn1 3-2 uid sil 2SA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(9)MD5(1)N B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sx 1260.486 ByHt1 3-2 u I-sl 1MA 2Bst1v S1 4(7)M5(3)ME C5 N 2 2 W1B S2 0 1135.487 Fx1 3 u sil 1WA 1Bt1 SO 4(10)M C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 112.488 Ww2 3-2 u c iMA 3Bqt1 SO 3(10)M C3 1C1-N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 2524.989 Ww6 3-2 u c 3SA 4Bst1 SO 3(7)M4(3)N 03 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 789.190 VaAdi 3-2 ud sil 1WA 1Bvt1 St 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D WiK SGO 0 4068.191 AdVa1 3-4 u cl-sil iWA 2Bqt1v S1 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 151 .192 Rw 5-3 id cl 2SD 4Dct2 S2 5(7)T4(3)T D1 N 2 4D W2G SGO 0 335.493 Ad5 4 hd cl 1SA ZCqt2 S2 3(8)MT4(2)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 503.794 AdVa1 3 u cl-sil 1WA 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SG0 0 1372.395 VaAd9 3-2 ud sil-cl 3SA 4Bst1v S2 4(8)M5(2)N D1 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 695.096 Vat 2-3 ui sil 2MA 3Bst1v SO 4(10)M C3 N 2 1 WIG SGO 0 527.697 VaAd9 3-2 ud sil-cl 3SA 4Bsttv S2 4(8)M5(2)N D1 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 112.498 AdVa4 3-5 hid cl-I 1MD 2Dqt2 S1 3(5)M5(5)T B4 N 2 2D W3GK SGO 0 638.999 Va1 3-2 ui sil 2MD 3Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2 W2G SGO 0 654 .2100 VaAd1 3 ud sil-cl 1MD 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 503 .2101 Ad5 5 hd cl lMD 2Cqt2 S2 4(5)T5(5)T 07 N 3 3D W3G SGO 0 243 .0102 HrCh1 3-5 ud I-gsl 1WA 1Dv S2 4(5)M5(5)M C7 N 2 2D WIG G2 0 97.9103 Ww6 3-2 u c 3SA 4Bst1 SO 3(7)M4(3)N C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 225 .9104 Ad5 4 hd cl 1SA 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)T C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 293 .9105 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1903 .5106 AdVa4 4 ud cl 1SA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)MT B4 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 358 .8107 Ad5 5 hid cl 2SAD 3Cst2 S2 5(10)TE C7 N 2 3D W3G SGO 0 80 .7108 AdVa4 4 ud cl 1SA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)MT B4 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 105 .9109 Ad5 5 hid cl 2SAD 3Cst2 S2 5(10)TE C7 N 2 3D W3G SGO 0 117.5110 AdVa1 3-4 uid cl-I 1SAD 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 783.9111 AdVa4 4 ud cl-sil 1SAD 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)MT B4 N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 305.0112 AdCh4 6-4 hd cl-gsl 1SAD 2Dqt2v S2 5(6)T4(4)M C3 N 4 3D W3K G2 0 841 .7113 VaAd1 3-2 uid sil-cl 1SA 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 502 .4114 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-sil 2SA 3Bsttv S2 3(5)M4(4)M5(1)N BO 1C1-H 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1850 .2115 AdVa1 3 ud cl-sil 2SA 3Bst1v S2 3(5)M4(4)M5(1)N BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1114.6116 VaAd1 3-2 u sil-cl 2SA 3Bst1v S1 3(9)M5(1)N C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 352 .9117 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-sil 1SA 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 1259.1118 Rw 3-5 id cl 3SD 4Dct2 S2 4(7)T5(3)NW D1 N 2 4D W3G SGO 0 1128 .3119 AdVa1 3 ud cl-sil 1SA 2Bqtiv S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 3786.6120 AdVa4 3-4 ud CH 2SA 3Bst1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M B4 1C1-H 2 2D WIG SGO 0 99.5121 VaAd1 3-2 u sil-cl 2SA 3Bsttv Si 3(9)M5(1)N C3 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 767 .7122 AdVa4 3-4 ud cl-I 2SA 3Bst1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M B4 1C1-H 2 2D WIG SGO 0 10258.1123 AdVa4 4 urd cl-sil 1SA 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)MT B4 1W2-H 2 2D W1K SGO 0 675 .0124 AdCh4 5-6 hd cl-gsl 1SAD 2Dqt2v S2 5(10)TE C3 N 4 3D U G2 0 323 .2125 Ch5 4-5 hd gsl 0 4Cmt2 S3 5(10)MT C5 N 5 2D U G4 0 80.9126 Ad5 4-5 hd cl iSAD 2Cqt2 S2 4(7)T5(3)T 07 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 1640.4127 Rw 5-4 id cl 2SD 4Dct2 S2 5(10)TE D1 N 2 4D W3G SGO 0 342 .8128 Rw 4-6 id cl 1SD 4Dct2 S2 5(6)T4(4)T D1 N 2 5D W3G SGO 0 358 .3129 AdVa1 3-4 u cl-sil 1WA 2Bqt1v St 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 315 .4130 Rw 4-6 id cl 1SD 4Dct2 S2 5(6)T4(4)T D1 N 2 5D W3G SGO 0 86 .5131 VaAd1 3-2 ud sil 1WA 1Bvt1 Si 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 560 .3132 HrHt1 3-4 ud I-sl 2SAD 3Csv St 4(6)M5(4)M B2 N 2 2D W1B S2 0 366 .4133 AdVa1 3-4 ud sil-cl iMA 2Bst1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 967 .7134 VaAd1 3 ud sil-cl 1MA 2Bst1v S1 3(10)M C3 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 381 .7135 VaAd9 3-4 ud sil 3SA 4Bst1v S1 3(6)M5(4)N D1 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 351 .8

3

AreaNo. MapUnft

SlopeClass

LandForm


StoneClass



WindEros.

WaterEros.

PastEros .

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

136 VaAd1 3 ud sil-cl 1MA 2Bst1v S1 3(10)M C7 N 2 2D WiK SGO 0 429.4137 HIHrt 3 ud sl-I 1MA 2Cmsv ' St 4(5)M5(5)M `C3 N 3 2D W1B S3 0 335.1138 Va1 3 ud I 1WA 1 Bvt1 S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W1 K SGO 0 483.0139 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 1MD 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 282.8140 Ad5 5-6 hd cl 1WD 2Dqt2 S2 5(10)TE C7 N 3 31) U SGO 0 240 .8141 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-I 2SA 3Bst1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 1374 .0142 Gr5 2 u c 4MA 4Dwsv S1 4(7)W5(3)N D1 6A6-N 2 1 U SGO 0 188 .1143 Ad5 5-4 hd cl 1MD 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)MT C7 N 3 31) W2G SGO 0 442 .4144 Ad5 5-6 hd cl 1WD 2Dqt2 S2 5(10)TE C7 N 3 31) U SGO 0 225 .9145 ByFxt 3-2 u 11-1 2SA 313st1 S1 4(10)M A4 N 3 2 W213 SGO 0 695 .9146 Z 1 I sl 0 4Cwi S1 7(10)W U U U U SGO 0 268 .9147 ChAdt 4 hd gsl-cl 2SA 3Dmsv S2 4(5)T5(5)M C5 N 4 2D U G3 0 245 .4148 Rw 3-5 ic sl-d 4SD 40ct2 S2 4(5)M5(5)NW D1 2A2-H 3 4 W2B SGO 0 785 .1149 ByFx1 3-4 ud sl-d 1SAD 2Cmsv St 4(10)M BI N 3 21) W1K SGO 0 681 .7150 Ad5 4 hd cl 1WD 2Cqt2 S2 3(8)MT4(2)MT D4 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 133.0151 Ad5 5-6 hd cl-I 1 MA 2Dqt2 S2 5(10)T C7 N 3 3D U SGO 0 766.6152 Ad5 4 hd cl I MD 2Cqt2 S2 3(6)M4(4)T C7 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 162 .1153 Bf4 4-5 hd c-d l MD 3Cqt2 S2 4(10)TE BO N 2 21) W2G SGO 0 1051 .7154 Va1 3-4 ud I 1 SAD 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M 81 N 2 20 W1K SGO 0 238.5155 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 1 MD 2Cqt2 S2 4(6)T3(4)M D4 N 2 21) W2K SGO 0 117.0156 AdVa1 3-4 ud CH 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 451 .8157 AdVa1 3 ud cl-I 3MAD 4Bsvt1 S1 3(5)M4(4)M5(1)NW BO N 2 20 W1K SGO 0 4124.9158 AdVa4 4-3 u cl-I 2MA 3Bstiv Si 4(6)MT3(4)M B4 N 2 2 WiK SGO 0 188.4159 Av17 2 uc I-c 5SAD 4Dsv S1 5(7)NW6(3)N D1 N 2 1 W2G SGO 0 241 .5160 Ad4 4-5 hid cl 2MAD 3Cst2 S2 5(7)T4(3)MT B3 N 2 21) W3GK SGO 0 607 .3161 AdVa4 4-3 u cl-I 2MA 3Bst1v S1 4(6)MT3(4)M B4 N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 1091 .6162 VaAd1 3-2 u I-cI 1MA 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2 WiK SGO 0 633 .5163 WwKd9 2-3 uid sid-sic MAD 4Bst1v St 3(7)M4(3)ND D1 N 2 1D W2G SGO Sxn 226 .4164 WwKd9 2-3 uid sid-sic 4MAD 4Bst1v Si 3(7)M4(3)ND D1 N 2 1D W2G SGO Sxn 449 .7165 AdVa1 3-4 u cl-I 1MA 2Bqtiv S1 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 214.0166 AdVa1 3-4 u cl-I 1MA 2Bqttv S1 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 487.4167 AdVa1 3-4 uid cl-I 1SA 2Bqst1 S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO 1C1-N 2 21) W2G SGt 0 754.8168 Adi 4-3 ud cl 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(9)M4(1)W C1 2C1-N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 772 .4169 Ad5 4 hd cl 2SA 3Cst2 S2 3(5)M4(4)T5(1)N D4 1C2-H 3 2D W1K SGO 0 189 .6170 Y 1 I c 5SA 4Cwi S1 5(10)NW D1 6A6-N U U WO SGO 0 8.1171 VaAdi 3 ud sil-cl 2SA 3Bst1v S2 3(9)M4(1)N A4 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 4.3172 Av19 3 id I-c 5MD 4Dsv S1 4(5)M5(5)NW D1 N 2 21) W2G SGO 0 153.0173 AM 5-6 hg cl 1WD 2Dqt2 S2 5(8)T4(2)T C5 N 3 3G U SGO 0 88.6174 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 1MA 2Cqst2 S2 3(5)M4(5)T D4 N 3 21) WIG SGO 0 226.9175 AdWw2 4-3 hd cl-sic MAD 4Cst2v S2 3(4)M4(4)T5(2)NW B4 N 2 21) W2GK SGO 0 1902 .8176 AdVa1 3 ud cl-1 1MD 2Bqt1v S2 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 21) WiGK SGO 0 648 .7177 AdVa1 3-4 u cl-sil 0 2Bqt1v S1 3(10)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 145 .3178 Rw 3 Uc I-sl 3SAD 4Dct2 S2 4(10)W D1 3W2-H 3 3 W2G SGO 0 281 .5179 ByHr1 3 ud fl-I 0 1Bvt1 S1 4(10)M C3 N 3 2D U SGO 0 14.9180 AdVa1 3 ud CH 1MD 2Bqtiv S2 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 2D W1GK SGO 0 210 .7181 JcAm4 5-6 hg I-cl 2SA 3Drst2 S2 5(10)TE C5 2A3-H 3 4G U SGO 0 2568 .9182 Am5 4-5 hd cl 2SA 3Cst2 S2 3(5)M4(5)T C7 1C2-H 2 20 U SGO 0 48.8183 AmWk1 3-4 ud cl-sil 1SA 2Bqst1 S2 3(10)M BO 1C2-H,1W2-H 2 2D WIG SGO 0 279 .6184 Hc1 3 ud sl 1SA 2Bmt1c S1 5(10)M Bt 1W2-H 4 2D W1K SGO 0 142.1185 AdEe4 5-4 hd I-sl 1SA 2Cst2 S2 4(5)MT5(5)T C7 iW2-H 4 41) W1K SGO 0 755 .0186 HtHr4 3-4 ud sl-I 1WD 2Cmv S2 4(7)M5(3)M C7 N 3 2D W2B S3 0 776 .0187 Av9 3-5 ud I 4SD 4Cst1 S1 4(5)D5(5)N Ot 1A2-H 2 2D W2G S3 0 330 .3188 AdEe4 3-4 ud cl-I 1WD 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M B3 N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 851 .4189 AmJc4 5-4 hd cl-I 1MA 2Cqt2 S2 4(7)MT5(3)T C7 N 3 3D W3G SGO 0 1389.6190 AmJc4 4-5 hd cl-sl 1SA 2Cqt2v S2 4(6)T3(4)M C7 1W2-H 3 2D W2K SGO 0 750.7191 AmWk1 3-4 ud cl-sil 1SA 2Bqst1 S2 3(10)M BO 1C2-H,1W2-H 2 2D WIG SGO 0 36.5192 Am5 4-5 hd cl 2SA 3Cst2 S2 3(5)M4(5)T C7 1C2-H 2 2D U SGO 0 1656 .2193 JcAm4 6-7 ig sl-d 2SD 3Drst2 S2 5(6)TE6(4)T C5 iW2-H 4 4G U SGO 0 57.5194 AmWk1 3-4 ud cl iSA 2Bqst1 S2 3(10)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 127 .0195 FIC3 3 u sil-I 5SA 4Dwsv S1 5(10)NW D1 6W6-H 2 2 U SGO 0 59.9196 JcAm4 6-7 ig sl-d 2SD 3Drst2 S2 5(6)TE6(4)T C5 1W2-H 4 4G U SGO 0 43.6197 Soda Lake 455 .4198 AmWk1 3-5 ud I-cl 1WA 1Ct1 S1 4(7)MD5(3)T BO N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 2428 .9199 JcAm4 6-7 ig sl-d 2SD 3Drst2 S2 5(6)TE6(4)T C5 1W2-H 4 4G U SGO 0 108 .8200 AmWk1 3 ud cl l WA 2Bqt1 p S2 3(10)M BO N 2 21) W1 K SGO 0 523 .8201 Jc5 7-5 ig S1-d 1SD 3Drt2 S2 6(7)T5(3)T C7 N 4 4G U SGO 0 2115 .9202 JcAm4 6-4 hd sl-d iSD 3Drt2 S2 5(6)TE6(4)T C7 N 4 31) U SGO 0 1515 .8203 Ami 4 hd cl 1WA 2Cqt2 S1 3(10)MT BO N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 608.5204 AmWki 3-4 ud cl-sil 1MA 2Bqttv S2 3(10)M BO N 2 21) WIG SGO 0 684 .9205 AmJc4 5 .4 hd cl-I 1MA 2Cqt2 S2 4(7)MT5(3)T C7 N 3 31) W3G SGO 0 113 .5

4

Area Slope Land Surface Stone Agricultural Wetlands Wind Water Post Send/ Deep AcreageNo. Map Unit Class Form Texture Salinity Irrigation Class Cepablllty pH Classification Eros. Eros . Eros. Gravel Till (ac)

206 Rw 3-5 id cl-I 3SD 4Dct2 S2 4(7)T5(3)N D1 N 2 4D U SGO 0 790.2207 AmWk1 3-4 ud cl-I 1WA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 553.4208 AdVa4 3-4 ud cl-I 1MD 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1361 .7209 HtHrt 3 ud sl-I 1SD 2Cmsv S1 4(7)M5(3)M C3 N 3 2D W2B S3 0 1286.0210 JcAm4 5 ig sl-d 2SD 3Crst2 S2 5(10)TE C5 2A2-H 4 3G U SGO 0 796.4211 AmWk4 3-5 ud I-cl 1SA 2Cst1 S2 3(6)M4(4)T BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 1174.4212 AdVa4 4 ud Cl-I 1SD 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)MT BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 589.4213 JcAm4 5-6 hd cl-sl 1SA 3Drt2 S2 5(10)T C5 N 4 4D W2G- SGO 0 416.6214 Lh1 3 uid sl-I 1WA 2Bmt1c S2 4(6)M3(4)M BO N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 511 .1215 AmJc4 3-4 ud cl 1WA 2Bqttv S1 3(10)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 481 .7216 Fk1 2-3 uc I 5SA 4Dwsv S1 5(10)NW DI 3A2-N 2 1 U SGO 0 68.4217 AmJc4 5-3 hd cl-I 2MA 3Dst2 S2 4(4)MT3(2)M5(4)T C7 N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 7370.8218 Am1 3-4 ud cl-I 1WA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)M BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 571 .3219 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-I iMA 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 719 .8220 AdVai 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 512.2221 AdVai 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 177.0222 HtHr1 3 u sl-I 1SA 2Cmsv St 4(6)M5(4)M C3 1C1-H 3 2 W2B S3 0 856.2223 Rw 3-5 id I-cl 3SAD 4Dct2 S2 4(7)M5(3)NT DI 2W2-H 2 4D W2G S3 0 324.7224 HtHr1 3 u sl-I 1SA 2Cmsv S1 4(6)M5(4)M C3 1C1-H 3 2 W2B S3 0 350.8225 HtHr1 3 u sl-I 2SS 3Csv S1 4(7)MS(3)MN C3 N 3 2 W2B S3 0 1239.5226 Rw 4-6 id I-cl 3SD 4Dct2 S2 4(7)T5(3)NW D1 2W2-H 2 5D U SGO 0 283.3227 AdVa1 3-4 ud CH 1MA 2Bqtiv S2 3(7)M4(3)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 224.2228 HrHt4 4-5 hd I-sl 1WA 1Cvt2 S2 4(5)MS(5)MT C3 N 3 2D W3B S2 0 400.8229 HtHr1 3-4 ud sl-I 1SA 2Cmsv St 4(6)M5(4)M C3 N 3 2D W2B S3 0 802.9230 ByFx1 3-2 u fl-11 2SA 3Bst1 S1 4(10)M A4 N 3 2 W2B SGO 0 343.5231 ByHr1 3 u fl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 4(10)M C3 N 4 2 W1KB SGO 0 290.1232 HtHr1 3 u sl-I 3SA 4Csv S2 4(5)M5(5)M C3 N 3 2 W2B S3 0 2825.7233 Av13 3-5 uc c-sl 4VA 4Dsv S2 5(4)NW6(2)W4(4)MD D1 2A1 -H 3 2 U SGO 0 1294 .9234 Ad5 5-4 hd cl 1MD 2Cqt2 S2 4(5)T5(5)TE C7 N 3 3D U SGO 0 682.4235 Ad5 4 hd cl 1MA 2Cqt2 S2 3(8)MT4(2)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 619 .2236 Hc1 3 u cl-I 1WA 2Bqi1 c Si 4(10)M B1 N 2 2 W1 K SGO 0 95.1237 AmJc4 6-4 hig cl-s 1MA 2Dqt2v S2 5(6)T6(4)TE C7 N 5 3G U SGO 0 4363 .4238 AmJc4 5-3 hd cl-I 2MA 3Dst2 S2 4(4)MT3(2)M5(4)T C7 N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 1000.4239 ChHr4 3 ui gsl-gls 1WA 3Dmv S2 5(10)M C5 N 4 2 W1B G3 0 167.1240 HrVa4 3-4 ud I iWA iBvti S1 4(10)M 131 1C1-N 2 2D W2B SGO 0 1407.1241 WHO 3-4 ud sl-I iSA 2Cmsv S2 4(7)M5(3)M C3 N 3 2D W2B S3 0 2522.8242 Av13 2-3 uc sl 6SA 4Dsv SO 5(10)NW Di 101-H 4 1 U S3 0 2683.1243 HtHr1 3-4 ud sl-I 1SA 2Cmsv S2 4(7)M5(3)M C3 N 3 2D W28 S3 0 226.7244 HrBy1 3-4 ud 1-fl 1SA 2Bstiv S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 20 W1B SGO 0 3022 .4245 Hc1 3 ui sl-I 2WA 2Bmt1c S2 4(5)M5(5)M B1 N 3 2 W2B SGO 0 190 .1246 Rw 4 id I-sl 3SD 4Dct2 St 4(7)T5(3)NW D1 1W2-N 3 4D W2G S2 0 225 .0247 HrHt4 3-4 ud I-sI 3SA 4Csv St 4(7)M5(3)NM C5 N 2 2D W2B S2 0 360 .7248 Hr5 4-5 hid I-sl 0 1Ct2 S2 5(10)MT C3 N 3 2D U SGO 0 451 .4249 HrHc4 4-3 hd 1 0 1Cct2 S1 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 737.3250 Hc1 3-4 ud 1-cl 1MD 2Bst1c S2 4(10)M 81 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 587 .5251 HrHt4 4-3 ud I-sl 2SA 3Csv S2 4(6)MES(4)M C3 N 3 2D W2B S2 0 1148 .3252 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 1SS 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D W2KG SGO 0 488 .6253 WHO 3-4 ud I-sl 3SA 4Csv S1 4(7)M5(3)NM C5 N 2 2D W2B S2 0 1669 .3254 Ad5 5-6 h cl 0 2Dqt2 S2 5(10)TE C7 N 3 3 U SGO 0 48 .7255 Ad5 4 hd cl 1SS 2Cqt2 S2 3(8)MT4(2)MT C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 811 .7256 HrBy1 3-4 ud I-fl iSA 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W18 SGO 0 309 .5257 AdVa1 3-4 ud cl-sil 0 2Bqt1v Si 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2D W1K SGO 0 476 .8258 AdVa4 4-3 ud cl-sil 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 4(7)MT3(3)M B4 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 918 .0259 Ad5 5 hd cl iSD 2Cqt2 S2 4(5)T5(5)T C7 N 3 3D W2K SGO 0 149 .1260 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 2SD 3Cst2 S2 4(8)M5(2)TE C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 777.9261 AdVa1 3 u cl-sil 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 998 .5262 Rw 3-5 id cl-I 2SD 4Dct2 S2 4(8)T5(2)N D1 1W2-H 2 4D W2G SGO 0 178 .4263 Ad5 4-3 ud cl 3SA 4Bst1 S2 4(4)T3(3)M5(3)N C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 92.3264 AdVai 3 u cl-sil 1MA 2Bqttv S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 1217.1265 ByHt1 3-2 u I-sl iMA 2Bst1v S1 4(7)M5(3)ME C5 N 2 2 W1B S2 0 72.7266 VaAdi 2-3 u cl-sil 1WA 2Bqt1v S1 3(10)M C3 N 2 1 W1K SGO 0 1998.5267 Av17 2-3 uc s-sl 4SD 4Dmsv SO 5(5)MN6(5)W D1 2S1 -N 5 1 W2G SGO 0 43.0268 Av17 2-3 uc s-sl 4SD 4Dmsv SO 5(5)MN6(5)W D1 2S1 -N 5 1 W2G S3 0 43.3269 HtHr4 3-4 ud Is-sl 2VA 3Cmsv Si 5(10)M D1 N 4 1D W2B S3 0 309 .1270 HWr4 3-4 ud Is-sl 2VA 3Cmsv Si 5(10)M C7 N 4 1D W2B S3 0 0 .5271 HtHr4 3-4 ud Is-sl 2VA 3Cmsv S1 5(10)M C7 N 4 1D W2B S3 0 633 .6272 Rw 4-6 hid I-sl 3SD 4Dct2 S2 5(6)T4(4)T D1 N 3 5D W3G SGO 0 786 .1273 Ad4 4-3 ud cl-sil 1SA 2Bqt1v S2 3(6)M4(4)M B3 1C1-H,1W1-H 2 2D W1K SGO 0 1272 .7274 AdVat 3 u cl-I 1WA 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)M BO N 2 2 W1K SGO 0 213 .8275 Rw 3-5 id cl-I 2SD 4Dct2 S2 4(8)T5(2)N D1 1W2-H 2 4D W2G SGO 0 254 .7

5

AreaNo. Mep Unh

SlopeClass

LandForm


StoneClass



WindEros .

WaterEros .

PastEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

276 Hr5 3-4 uid 1-sl 1WA 1 Bvtt S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 94.5277 Ad5 5-4 hd cl 1MA 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)TE C7 N 3 3D W2K SGO 0 282.3278 Ad5 4-5 hd cl 0 2Cqt2 S2 4(10)T C7 N 2 2D W1 K SGO 0 287 .0279 AdVa4 4-3 uid cl-I 1WA 2Bqt1v S2 3(5)M4(5)MT B4 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 2084 .4280 SgLh4 4-3 u 1 0 1Bvt1 S2 4(10)M B4 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 59.5281 SgLh4 4-3 u 1 0 1 Bvt1 S2 4(10)M B4 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 135.7282 SgLh4 4-3 u I 0 1Bvt1 S2 4(10)M B4 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 170 .5283 SgLh4 4-3 u 1 0 1 Bvti S2 4(10)M 84 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 67.1284 HcHr1 3 ud I-sil 0 1Dc S2 4(10)M Bt N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 126 .6285 Av19 3 uc I-Sid 3SA 4Dsv SO 3(4)M4(3)N5(3)NW D1 N 2 2 W2G SGO 0 648 .9286 Hr5 5-4 hd I-cl 0 1Ct2 S2 4(5)MT5(5)T C3 N 3 4D W2G SGO 0 444.3287 HrHc4 4-5 hr I-sil 0 1Cct2 S2 4(5)M5(5)T B3 N 2 2 W2G SGO 0 286 .8288 X 2 u c 1WA 4Cwi SO 5(8)W4(2)W U 6C6-N U U WO SGO 0 309.7289 Hri 4-3 ud I-cl 1WA 1Bvt1 S2 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D W2BG SG1 0 1658 .9290 HrHc4 3-4 ud I-sl 1WA 1Cc S2 4(6)M5(4)M B3 N 2 2D W2BG SG1 0 2094.1291 SgLh4 4-3 u I 0 1Bvt1 S2 4(10)M B4 N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 539 .6292 JcLh4 5-6 id Is-1 1SA 3Crct2 S2 6(7)TE5(3)T C7 N 3 3D U SGO 0 3267 .5293 SgLh4 4-5 hd I 0 1Ct2 S1 4(7)MT5(3)T B4 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1471 .9294 SgLh4 4-3 hd I-sil 0 1Ct2 S2 4(10)M B4 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 901 .9295 Jd-h4 5-6 ig I-sl 0 3Drt2 S2 5(7)T6(3)TE C7 N 3 4G U SGO 0 669.4296 Hr5 5-4 hig I 0 iCt2 S2 5(10)MT C3 N 2 4G W2G SGO 0 666 .9297 HrHc4 3-4 ud I 1WA 1Cc S2 4(10)MP C5 N 2 2D W2BG SG1 0 291 .7298 HrHc4 5-4 hd 1 0 1Cct2 S2 5(8)T4(2)MT B3 N 3 4D W2G SGO 0 208 .4299 Hr1 3-5 ud I 0 1Ct1 S2 4(6)M5(4)MT B2 N 2 2D W2BG SGO 0 519.9300 HcHri 3 ui I-sl iWA 1Dc S1 4(10)M 81 N 2 2 W2B SG1 0 586.5301 Av19 3 u Is-sid 4MA 4Dsv S1 5(4)M6(2)NW4(4)M D1 N 4 1 W28 SGO 0 556.6302 HrBy1 3,4 ud Idl 1SA 2Bst1v S1 4(10)M C3 N 2 2D W1B SGO 0 45.2303 HrHrA 3~4 ud gl-sl 3WA 2Cmsc S2 4(6)M5(4)MP 83 N 4 2D WIG SGO 0 1325 .3304 Hr5 4-5 hid I-sd 0 iCt2 S2 4(7)MT5(3)T C3 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 301 .4305 HrHc4 5-4 hid I 0 1Cct2 S2 5(8)T4(2)MT B3 N 2 4D W2G SGO 0 951 .8306 JcEx1 5-6 hig sl-c 0 3Drt2v S2 5(6)T6(4)TE C7 N 4 3G U S2 0 2411 .3307 Am1 3-4 ud cl 0 2Bqtip S2 3(8)MP4(2)TP BO N 2 2D U SGO 0 814 .8308 Am1 3-4 ud I-sil iMA 2Bst1 S2 4(10)M BO N 2 2D U SGO 0 799 .7309 Adi 3-4 ud cl iMD 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 27.3310 Ad1 3-4 ud Cl 1 MD 2Bqsti S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 42.5311 HwAvi 4-6 hig cl-c 2MD 4Dct2 S1 6(7)T5(3)NW B4 N 2 5G W2G SGO 0 8423.9312 Av9 3-2 u sl-c 5SA 4Dsv S1 5(10)ND D1 N 3 2 U SGO 0 267.9313 Adt 3-4 ud cl iMD 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 389.6314 Av9 2-3 ud cl-c MAD 4Bst1 v SO 5(10)ND C5 N 2 1D WIG SGO 0 1884.9315 Ad5 3-5 ug cl-I 1WD 2Cqt1 S2 4(6)MT5(4)T C7 N 2 2G U SGO 0 668.9316 Ad4 6-4 hig cl-Is iSD 2Dqt2v S2 5(7)T6(3)T B3 N 4 3G U SGO 0 2825.8317 Ad5 3-5 ug cl-I 1WD 2Cqt1 S2 4(5)MT5(5)T C7 N 2 2G U SGO 0 536.3318 HwAv1 6-3 hig cl-sl 1SD 4Dct2 S2 6(8)TE4(2)M B4 N 3 4G W2G SGO 0 1016.3319 Am1 3-4 ud cl-I 0 2Bqt1v S2 3(6)M4(4)M BO N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1613.2320 Ami 4-3 ud cl 1WA 2Bqt1 S2 3(8)MT4(2)TE BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 29.7321 Am1 4-3 ud cl 1WA 2Bqt1 S2 3(8)MT4(2)TE BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 242.0322 Jd.h4 5-3 ig sl-I 0 3Drt2 S2 5(7)MT4(3)M C7 N 4 2G W3G SGO 0 211 .0323 Am1 4-3 ud cl 1WA 2Bqt1 S2 3(8)MT4(2)TE BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 356.6324 AmWk1 3 u I-Sil 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 3(10)M BO N 2 2 WIG SGO 0 796 .5325 Ad1 3-4 ud cl-I 0 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D U SGO 0 148 .7326 AdVa4 3 ud cl-I iMA 2Bqt1v S1 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 97 .9327 Sg1 3-4 ud I-sl 1WA 1Bvt1 S1 4(10)M B4 N 2 20 WIG SGO 0 633 .7328 Am5 3-5 ug CH 1WA 2Cqt1 S2 4(7)MT5(3)T B2 N 2 2G W2G SGO 0 1495 .5329 Am6 4-3 hid cl 2MA 3Cst2v S1 3(8)MT5(2)W BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 109.1330 Lh1 3 uid sl-I 1WA 2Bmt1c S2 4(6)M3(4)M BO N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 194 .7331 Av13 3-5 uc sl-c 4SAD 4Dsv S2 5(8)NW4(2)MN D1 N 3 2 U SGO 0 424 .2332 AmWk1 3-5 hd I-cl 1WA 1Dt2 S2 4(7)M5(3)T BO N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 315.2333 Ee5 6-3 hig sl-sid 2SA 3Drst2 S2 5(6)T6(4)T B2 N 4 3G U SGO 0 3239 .0334 Ad1 3 ud cl 1WA 2Bqt1 S2 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 463 .5335 Ad1 3-4 ud cl-I 0 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D U SGO 0 60.8336 Ad1 3-4 ud cl-I 0 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D U SGO 0 90.4337 HwEx 5-7 ig cl-c 4SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TN AO N 3 5G U SGO 0 3096 .7338 Ea7 3-2 id sic-hc 4SA 4Ckst2 SO 5(8)ND4(2)D A4 N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 67.7339 AdKh1 3-4 ud I-cl 1MA 3Bdt1v . S1 4(10)MD Bi N 2 2D WIG SGO Sx 511 .6340 Ad5 3-4 ud cl 1MA 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 71 .1341 Ad5 3-4 ud cl 1MA 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 70 .9342 M9 2-3 ud cl-c MAD 4Dsv SO 6(10)NW C5 N 1 1D WIG SGO 0 200 .2343 Ea7 3-2 id sic-hc 4SA 4Ckst2 SO 5(8)ND4(2)D A4 N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 19.4344 Hw 6 ig cl 2MI 4Dct2 S2 6(10)T A4 N 3 5G U SGO 0 18.9345 Ad5 3-4 ud cl 1MA 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 237.9

6

AreaNo. Map UnR

SlopeClass

LandForm


StoneClass



WindEros.

WeterEros.

PoetEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

346 Ad11 3-4 ud cl 1 MA 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)MT B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 269 .3347 Ea7 3-2 id sic-hc 4SA 4Ckst2 SO 5(8)ND4(2)D A4 N 3 2D W2G SGO 0 42 .7348 AmWk1 3 ud cl-I 1MA 2Bqt1v S1 3(10)M 82 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 1861 .7349 Ad5 4-3 ud Cl-1 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 4(10)MT C7 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 598 .2350 Hw 5-7 ig cl 2MA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C5 N 2 5G W2G SGO 0 304.5351 HwAv1 6-3 hid cl-c 3SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TN C5 N 3 4D W2G SGO 0 112.9352 AdKh1 3-4 ud ci 1MA 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD 83 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sx 789 .1353 HwAv1 6-3 hid cl-c 3SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TN C5 N 3 4D W2G . SGO 0 4258.6354 AdKht 3-4 ud cl 1MA 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sx 1567.4355 Hw 5-7 ig cl 2MA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C5 N 2 5G W2G SGO 0 138 .0356 Ad11 3 ud cl 1MA 2Bqst1 Si 3(10)M B5 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 582 .9357 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MA 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD 83 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sx 361 .2358 KhAdi 3-4 ud Icl 1SA 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD 84 1W1-N 2 2D WO SGO Mxc 3252.8359 Hw 5-6 hid cl 1 MA 4Dct2 S1 6(10)TE B3 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 113 .2360 AdKh3 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 3Bdt1v Si 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 477.4361 AdKh3 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 1330.2362 AdEe4 5-3 hi Cl-Is 1 MA 2Dqt2v S2 6(8)T4(2)M B3 N 4 2 WO SGO 0 1917.5363 AdKh3 3-4 ud CH 1MA 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 532.6364 Ad11 3-5 uid cl 1MA 2Cqt1 S1 4(10)MT B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 587.9365 Ad1 3 u CH 1MA 2Bqt1v S2 3(10)M 131 N 2 2 W2G SGO 0 530.5366 Ad4 4-6 hid cl 3MA 4Dst2 S2 5(6)T4(4)M C5 N 3 3D W2G SGO 0 572.3367 AdKh1 5-3 ud ol-c 1MA 3Ddt2 S1 4(6)MD5(4)TE B3 1W1-N,iPt-N 3 2D WO SGO Sxt 5800.3368 Hw 5 hid cl 1 MA 4Dct2 S1 6(7)TE4(3)M C5 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 233.0369 Kh11 3 uc Cl-Is 4SA 4Dksv S1 5(10)NM A4 2W1-N 4 2 W3G SGO Sn 1054.9370 Hw 5 hid cl 1MA 4Dct2 S1 6(7)TE4(3)M C5 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 562.1371 KhAd1 4 uid cl 1MA 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD 134 N 2 2D WIG SGO Mxt 155.7372 Kh4 3 ud cl-1 2SA 4Bktiv S1 4(10)MD A4 iP1-N 2 2D W1BG SGO Mnc 1644 .6373 KhAd2 3-4 u I-cl 1MA 4Bkttv S2 4(8)MD5(2)D B5 1W2-N 2 2 WIG SGO Mxc 1505 .0374 KhAd2 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD B5 3S2-N,2W1-N 2 2D WO SGO Mxc 1176.4375 Av19 2 u cl-c 2SA 3Dsv S1 5(10)NW B4 4W3-N 2 1 WO SGO 0 130 .0376 BfMo3 4-6 hg cl-hc 3SI 4Dst2 S2 5(8)TN4(2)MT BO N 3 4G W3G SGO Sxt 468 .9377 KhAd1 3-4 ud cl-c 2SAD 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD B4 1W1-N 2 2D WO SGO Mxn 767.3378 Rw 3-6 ic sl-c 2SD 4Dct2 S2 5(7)T6(3)W D1 2S1-N,1W1-N 3 4 WIG SGO 0 124 .2379 Av19 2-5 uic c-d 4SAD 4Dst2v S1 6(10)NW D1 2P2-N,2S1-N 1 2 W2G SGO 0 552.3380 KhAd1 3-4 ud cl-I 2SAD 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D WO SGO Mxn 689 .1381 KhAd1 4-3 hd cl-c 1MA 4Ckt2p S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D WO SGO St 668 .3382 Kh4 3 ud cl-c 2SA 4Bkt1v S2 4(8)MD5(2)NE A4 1W1-N 2 2D W1GK SGO Mnc 1138 .1383 Rw 3-6 hic hc-sd 4SA 4Dct2 S2 5(7)NT6(3)W D1 2P1-N,1S1-N 3 4 W2G SGO 0 440 .2384 KhAd1 3-4 ud cl-c 1MA 4Bk11v S2 4(10)MD B4 1P1-N 2 2D WO SGO Mxc 905 .2385 HwAv1 6-3 hig hc-c 2MA 4Dct2 S2 6(5)TE5(2)T4(3)M B4 N 3 4G WO SGO 0 418.7386 MoBf2 3-4 ud cl-c 2SAD 4Bktiv S2 4(10)MD BO 1W1-N 2 2D W1GK SGO Mxn 34 .2387 HwEx 4-5 hig cl-hc 3SA 4Dct2 S2 5(8)TE7(2)E C1 1W1-N 3 4G W2GK SGO 0 231 .8388 MoBf2 3-4 ud cl-c 2SAD 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD BO 1W1-N 2 2D W1GK SGO Mxn 5456 .1389 HwEx 6-4 hig hc-sl 3SA 4Dct2 S2 6(8)TE7(2)E C1 1W1-N 4 5G W2KG SGO 0 1399.6390 HwEx 6-4 hig hc-sl 3SA 4Dct2 S2 6(8)TE7(2)E CI 1W1-N 4 5G W2KG SGO 0 255.4391 HwEx 6-4 hig hc-al 3SA 4Dct2 S2 6(8)TE7(2)E C1 iW1-N 4 5G W2KG SGO 0 249.9392 HwAv1 4-6 hic cl-hc 3MAD 4Dct2 S1 6(10)T B4 2S1 -N 3 5 WIG SGO 0 77.8393 KhAd1 3-4 ud 1-cl 1 SA 4130 v S2 4(10)MD B4 1W1-N 2 2D WO SGO Mxc 704.7394 Hw 5-6 hid cl 1MA 4Dct2 S1 6(10)TE B3 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 82.7395 Hw 5-6 hid cl 1MA 4Dct2 St 6(10)TE B3 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 110.1396 MoBf4 3 ud c-d 4SI 4Bkst1 S2 5(5)D6(1)N4(4)M BO 1W1-N 2 2D W2GB SGO Sn 615.7397 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl-I 1MD 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D W1GK SGO Sx 3431 .9398 Av9 3-5 hid c-d 4MAD 4Dst2 Si 5(10)ND 05 1P2-N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 2720.2399 Ad1 3-4 uid cl-I 1MD 2Bqtiv S1 4(10)M 82 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 858.5400 AdKh9 3 ud cl 4MA 4Dsv S1 4(6)MD5(4)NW B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sxn 237.0401 AdKh9 3-4 ud cl 4MA 4Bst1v S2 4(6)MD5(4)N B3 N 2 2D WIG SGO Sxn 463.1402 Adl 3-4 ud cl 1MD 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 235.3403 Adl 3-4 ud cl 1MD 2Bqs11 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 117.3404 Adl 3-4 ud ci 1MD 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 73.5405 Adl 3-4 uid cl-I 1MD 2Bqt1v S1 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 158.9406 Ad4 4-3 ud cl 2MD 3Bst1 S1 4(7)M5(3)T B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 772.0407 HwAv1 4-6 hid cl-c 2MD 4Dct2 S1 6(7)T5(3)NW B4 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 399.9408 Adl 3-4 ud cl 1MD 2Bqst1 S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2D WO SGO 0 426.8409 Hr1 3 ud I-sl 1MD 2Bst1v S2 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D W1GK SGO 0 648.0410 HwAvt 4-6 hid cl-c 2MD 4Dct2 S1 6(7)T5(3)NW B4 N 2 51) W2G SGO 0 307.3411 Adl 3-4 u cl-I 2MA 3Bst1v S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2 WO SGO 0 330.0412 AdKh9 3-4 ud cl 3MA 4Bst1v S1 4(8)MD5(2)MD B3 N 2 2D W1GK SGO Sx 1943.3413 HwAv1 4-5 hid c-I 3SAD 4Dct2 S1 5(5)TN6(5)NW C5 N 2 4D W2G SGO 0 1514.5414 Adl 4-5 hd cl 1MD 2Cqt2 S1 4(5)ME5(5)T B2 N 2 2D W1GK SGO 0 1074.4415 HwAv1 6-5 hid cl-c 4SD 4Dct2 S1 6(6)T5(4)NW B3 N 3 5D W2G SGO 0 402.7

AreaNo. Map Unit

SlopeClass

LandForm


StoneClass



WindEros.

WaterEros.

PastEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTNI

Page6-7

Acreage(ac)

416 Adi 4-5 hd cl 1MD 2Cqt2 S1 4(5)ME5(5)T 82 N 2 2D W1GK SGO 0 616 .8417 HwAv1 6-5 hid cl-c 4SD 4Dct2 S1 6(6)T5(4)NW B3 N 3 5D W2G SGO 0 576 .6418 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 2MA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(8)MD5(2)ND B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 254 .9419 AdKh1 3~4 ud cl 2MA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(8)MD5(2)ND B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 3817 .7420 BfHf4 5-3 hig ccl 2SD 3Dqt2 S1 5(7)TD6(3)TE B3 N 2 2G W2G SGO Sxt 2417.7421 Ad4 5-3 hd cl 1MAD 2Dqt2 S1 5(7)T4(3)M B4 N 3 2D W1GK SGO 0 1063 .3422 HcMo4 3-5 uig I-cI 3SD 4Dsc S2 4(6)M5(4)ND Bt N 2 2G U SGO Sx 699 .6423 Ea2 3-4 hid c-d 2MA 4Dkv S1 5(7)MD6(3)NW A4 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 771 .2424 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 85 .4425 BfHf4 6-4 hig c-d 2SD 3Dqt2 S1 6(7)TE5(3)ND B4 N 2 4G W2G SGO Sxt 7061 .0426 HrHc1 3~4 ud cl-I 1MA 2Cqsc S1 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 338 .3427 HrHc1 3-1 ud cl-I 1MA 2Cqsc S1 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 325.9428 HrHc1 3-4 ud CI-I IMA 2Cqsc S1 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 150.6429 HrHc1 3-4 ud cl-I iMA 2Cqsc St 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 1117.4430 Ad4 4-5 hd cl 1MAD ZCqt2 S1 4(6)M5(4)T B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 451.8431 EeHc4 6-5 ig Is-1 1SA 3Drmt2 S2 6(7)TE5(3)MT B4 N 4 3G U SGO 0 317.9432 Av28 2-3 ud c-Is 1MA 4Dwv SO 5(7)MI6(3)W D1 N 3 1D W2G SGO 0 157.0433 Jc4 6-5 ig I-sl 1SA 3Drt2 S2 6(10)TE C7 N 2 5G U SGO 0 1433 .8434 BfMo4 6-5 hig cl-c 3MI 4Dst2 S2 5(7)TD6(3)TE B4 N 3 5G U SGO Sxt 2861 .7435 Ad4 4-5 hd cl 1MAD 2Cqt2 S1 4(6)M5(4)T B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 876.7436 Ad4 4-5 hd cl 1MAD 2Cqt2 S1 4(6)M5(4)T B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 82.9437 Ad4 5-6 hig cl 2MD 3Dst2v S1 6(7)TE5(3)NW B3 N 2 3G W2G SGO 0 1034.0438 HwAv1 6-4 ig sid-d 4SD 4Dct2 S2 5(10)ND 84 1S1-N 2 SG U SGO 0 739.3439 HrHc1 4-3 ud cl-I 1MA 2Cqsc S1 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 624 .6440 Ad1 3-4 uid cl 1MA 2Bqst1 St 4(10)ME 83 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 360.1441 AdKh4 3-4 ud I-cl 2MD 3Bsdt1 S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 2018 .1442 HrHc1 3-4 ud cl-I 1MA 2Cqsc S1 4(10)M B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 85 .9443 BiMo4 6-5 hig cl-c 3SD 4Dst2 S2 6(7)TE5(3)TD B4 N 3 5G U SGO Sxt 733.1444 Av9 2-3 uc sid-c 5SA 4Bstiv SO 5(10)ND D1 N 2 1 U SGO 0 3060.4445 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 187.7446 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdtiv S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 172.7447 HwAvi 4-6 hig c-I 2SD 4Dct2 S1 5(6)ND6(4)TE B4 N 2 5G W2G SGO 0 821.2448 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 164.5449 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 2MA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(8)MD5(2)ND B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 1014 .2450 Av9 3 ud Sid 4SA 4Bst1v SO 5(10)ND D1 N 2 2D U SGO 0 239 .5451 HwAv1 4-6 hig c-I 2SD 4Dct2 S1 5(6)ND6(4)TE B4 N 2 5G W2G SGO 0 165 .7452 HwAv1 4-6 hd c-I 3SAD 4Dct2 S1 5(5)NT6(5)NW C5 2W1-N 2 5D W3G SGO 0 712 .4453 Av9 3 uid cl-c 3MA 4Bstiv Si 5(10)ND C5 N 2 2D WIG SGO 0 319 .9454 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 2MA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(8)MD5(2)ND B2 1P1-N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 2813.5455 HwEx 4-6 hig hc-cl 2SD 4Dct2 S2 6(7)TE5(3)T C1 N 3 5G W1GK SGO 0 392.7456 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl-I 2SAD 3Bsdt1 S2 4(10)MD B3 iW1-N 2 2D W2KB SGO Sx 929.9457 Av9 3-5 hid c-d 4MAD 4Dst2 S1 5(10)ND C5 1P2-N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 1154.3458 Ad1 3-4 u CI-I 2MA 3Bst1v S1 4(10)M 82 N 2 2 WO SGO 0 71 .3459 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl-I 2SAD 3Bsdt1 S2 4(10)MD B3 1W1-N 2 2D W2KB SGO Sx 981.4460 Ad1 3-4 u CI-I 2MA 3Bst1v S1 4(10)ME B2 N 2 2 WO SGO 0 355.0461 HrHc1 3-4 ud I-sd 1MD 2Csc S2 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D W2KG SGO 0 612.8462 Hw 4-6 hig cl 2MAD 4Dct2 S2 5(7)T6(3)TE B3 N 2 5G WO SGO 0 170.2463 Hw 4-6 hig cl 2MAD 4Dct2 S2 5(7)T6(3)TE B3 N 2 5G WO SGO 0 43.5464 MoBf4 3 ud c-d 4SI 4Bkst1 S2 5(5)D6(1)N4(4)M BO 1W1-N 2 2D W2GB SGO Sn 362 .0465 Av9 3-6 uic hc-cl 4SAD 4Dqst2 St 6(6)TW5(4)TE D1 4P2-N,3S1-N 3 2 W3G SGO 0 2355 .0466 HwEx 5-6 hig hc-cl 4SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C1 N 3 5G W3G SGO 0 116 .9467 HwEx 5-6 hig hc-cl 4SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C1 N 3 5G W3G SGO 0 1064 .9468 Kh2 3 ud sd-I 1WA 4Bkt1v S2 4(10)MD A4 1W1-N 2 2D WIBG SGO Me 1383 .4469 BfMo3 4-6 hg cl-hc 3SI 4Dst2 S2 5(8)TN4(2)MT BO N 3 4G W2G SGO Sxt 810 .5470 KhAd3 3-4 ud I-cI 2SI 4Bkt1p S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W1BK SGO Mxn 1937.9471 KhAd3 3-4 ud I-cl 2SI 4Bkt1p S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W1BK SGO Mxn 101 .1472 KhAd3 3-4 ud I-CI 2SI 4Bkt1p S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W1BK SGO Mxn 84 .3473 HwEx 5-6 hig hc-cl 4SA 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C1 N 3 5G W3G SGO 0 262 .5474 HwEx 6-4 hig hc-I 2SI 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE C1 N 3 5G W2K SGO 0 374 .9475 Av26 2-3 ud I-sic 3SA 4Cksv S1 4(10)ND C5 2S1-N 2 1D WIG SGO 0 816.0476 HwEx 6-4 hig hc-I 2SI 4Dct2 S2 6(10)TE Ct N 3 5G W2K SGO 0 216.8477 KhAd3 3-4 ud I-cl 2SI 4Bkt1 p S2 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W18K SGO Mxn 995.8478 BfMo3 4-6 hg cl-hc 3SI 4Dst2 S2 5(8)TN4(2)MT BO N 3 4G W2G SGO Sxt 1403.3479 AdKh1 3-4 ud CI 2MA 3Bsdt1 S1 4(8)MD5(2)ND B2 N 2 2D WO SGO Sx 235.6480 AdKh1 3 ud I-cl iMD 3Bdtiv S1 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D U SGO Sx 134 .4481 AdKh3 4 hd Icl 2MD 3Csdt2 S2 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D W1BK SGO Sxt 615.7482 AdKh4 5-4 hd cl 4MD 4Cst2 St 4(6)MD5(4)T B3 N 3 3D WIG SGO Sxn 409.7483 AdKh4 4-3 ud I-cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D U SGO Sx 227.7484 KhAd4 6-5 ig c-d 3MI 4Dkst2 S2 5(10)TE B4 N 2 5G U SGO St 113 .9485 Kn5 3-4 ud sil-I 1MD 4Bkt1v S1 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W2K SGO Me 981 .0

8

AreaNo. Map UnR

SlopeClass

LandFonn


StoneClass


WetlandsClassfficatbn

WindEros.

WaterEros.

PostEros.

Sand/Gravel

DeepTill

Acreage(ac)

486 AdKh4 5-6 ig clc 2MI 3Dst2 S2 5(10)TD B3 N 3 3G U SGO Sxt 189.4487 Kn5 3-4 ud sil-I 1MD 4Bkt1v S1 4(10)MD B4 N 2 2D W2K SGO Mc 195.7488 MoBf4 4-5 id c-d 4MI 4Ckst2 S2 5(10)DR BO N 2 2D U SGO Snt 512.3489 AdKh1 4-3 ud cl 1MD 3Bdttv S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO Sx 704.6490 AdKh3 4 hd cl 2MD 3Csdt2 S2 4(9)MD5(1)P 82 N 2 2D U SGO Sxt 662.3491 AdKh1 5-4 hd cl 2MD 3Csdt2 S2 4(10)DT B3 N 3 3D U SGO Sxt 890.8492 HrHc4 4-3 uid I 1MA 2Csc S2 4(10)MT B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 353.9493 Av27 2 ud cl-I 4MA 4Bsv SO 5(7)ND6(3)N D1 N 2 1D W2G . SGO 0 17.9494 Hw 5 id I 1WA 4Dct2 S1 6(10)TE D1 N 2 5D W2G SGO 0 33.3495 HrHc4 4-3 uid I 1MA 2Csc S2 4(10)MT B3 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 692 .2496 MoBf4 3-4 ud c-d 3MI 4Bkst1 S2 5(6)D4(4)M BO N 2 2D U SGO Mxn 86.9497 HrMc1 3-4 ud 1-cl 1WA 3Cdc S1 4(10)MD BO N 2 2D W1G SGO Sx 483.9498 BfMo4 4 hd clc 3MI 4Cst2 S2 4(6)MD5(4)ND B4 N 2 3D U SGO Sxt 194 .2499 HrMc4 4-5 hd 1-vl 1MA 3Cdct2 S1 4(10)MD B1 N 2 2D W1G SGO Sxt 274.8500 AdKh3 4 hd cl 2MI 3Csdt2 S2 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2D U SGO Sxt 678.8501 Rw 3 Uc CH 4SD 4Dct2 S1 5(10)ND D1 N 2 3 U SGO 0 273.2502 BfMo4 6-5 ig cl-c 3MI 4Dst2 S2 4(6)M5(4)ND B4 N 3 5G U SGO Sxt 996 .2503 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D U SGO Sx 171 .9504 AdKh1 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D U SGO Sx 44.3505 BfMo4 6 ig cl-c 3MI 4Dst2 S2 5(10)TD B4 N 3 5G U SGO Sxt 398 .5506 AdKh4 5-4 hd clc 3MI 4Cst2 S2 4(7)T5(3)ND B3 N 3 3D U SGO Sxt 1865.6507 AdKh4 5 ig cl-I 3SD 4Cst2 S2 5(10)NT B3 1S1-N 2 3G U SGO Sxt 248 .9508 AdKh3 4-3 ud I-fl 2MD 3Bsdt1 S2 4(10)M B2 N 3 2D W2K SGO Sx 1375.9509 Hdir5 3-4 ud I-fl iMD 2Dsc S2 4(10)M B1 N 2 2D U SGO 0 186 .0510 Hw 6 ig o-d 3MI 4Dct2 S2 5(10)DT B3 N 2 5G U SGO 0 65.1511 AdKht 3-4 ud cl 1MD 3Bdt1v S2 4(10)MD B3 N 2 2D U SGO Sx 390 .9512 Av28 2-3 ud c-Is 1MA 4Dwv SO 5(7)MI6(3)W D1 N 3 1D W2G SGO 0 163 .2513 Av9 3-2 uc I-sicl 4SA 4Bst1v S1 4(6)M5(4)N D1 N 2 2 U SGO 0 7.3514 HcMci 3-5 i I-cl 1 WA 3Ddt2 S1 4(10)MD Bt N 2 3 W2G SGO Sx 46.8515 HrMcl 3-4 uid I-cl 1WD 3Cdc S2 4(10)MD B1 N 2 2D W1G SGO Sx 13.3516 KnKh9 2-3 ud sid-d 3MA 4Bkst1 S1 5(10)ND B4 N 2 1D U SGO Mnc 82.4517 HrHc1 3 ud I I WA 1 Cc S1 4(10)M B2 N 2 2D W2G SGO 0 89.5518 Av9 2-3 uc sid-c 3MA 4Bst1v SO 4(6)MN6(4)N D1 N 2 1 U SGO 0 1433.0519 FxKni 2-3 u SO 1SA 3Bdt1v S1 4(10)MD B2 N 2 2 W1K SGO Sx 4.6520 VaHr9 3-4 ud I-sl 3SAD 4Bsttv S1 4(6)M5(4)MN C7 2S1-N,1C1-N 2 2D W1G SG1 0 19.2

1

7. GLOSSARY

Acid soil - A soil having a pH of less than 7.0.Aggregate - A group of soil particles sticking together in

such a way that they behave mechanically as a unit .Alkali soil - (i) A soil having a high degree of alkalinity (pH

of8.5 or higher), or having a high exchangeable sodiumcontent(15% or moreofthe exchange capacity), or both .(ii) A soil that contains enough alkali (sodium) to in-terfere with the growth of most crops .Note : The term "alkali soil" is often incorrectly used todescribe "saline soil" .

Alkaline soil - A soil having a pH greater than 7.0.Alluvial deposit - Refer to section "2.3 Surface Deposits"

on page 2-1 of this report.Apron - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page 2-2

of this report .Aspect - The particular direction in which a slope faces.Available water - The portion of water in a soil that can be

readily absorbed by plant roots . See also "field capac-ity"

Bedrock - The preglacial sediments, exclusive of stratifieddeposits in preglacial valleys, that underlie the surficialglacial sediments . These bedrock materials may ormaynot be consolidated into solidrock and may be exposedat the surface.

Blanket - A mantle of unconsolidated materials thickenough to mask minor irregularities in the underlyingunit but still conforming to the general underlying to-pography.

Blowout - A small area from which soil material has beenremoved by wind .

Channel - The bed where a natural stream of water runs orhas run.

Clay - (i) A soil particle that is less than 0.002 mm indiameter . (ii) A soil textural class . See also "texture,soil" .

Clod - A compact, coherent mass of soil varying in size,usually produced by plowing or digging .

Cobble - Rounded or partially rounded rock or mineralfragment between 8 and 25 cm in diameter .

Cobbly - Containing appreciable quantities ofcobbles . Theterm is used to describe both soil and land .

Colluvium - A heterogenous mixture of material that hasmoved down a slope and settled at its base, as a result ofgravitational action .

Degradation - (i) The decline in a soil's fertility status as aresultofloss oforganic matter, erosionby wind or water,compaction, salinization, or acidification . (ii) Thechanging of a soil to a more highly leached and morehighly weathered condition, usually accompanied bymorphological changes such as the development of aneluviated (leached), light-colored Ae horizon .

Dissected - Where the original surface has been cut by run-ning water, leaving a network of channels, shallowgullies, or valleys.

Dunes - Wind-built ridges and hills of sand formed in thesame manner as snowdrifts . They are started wheresome obstruction, such as a bush, boulder, or fence,causes an eddy or otherwise thwarts the sand-ladenwind . Once begun, the dunes themselves offer resis-tance and they grow to form various shapes .

Eluviation - The transportation of soil material in suspen-sion or solution within the soil by the downward orlateral movement of water.

Eolian deposit - Refer to section "2.3 Surface Deposits" onpage 2-1 of this report.

Erosion - The wearing away of the land surface by runningwater, wind, ice or gravity.

Erosivity - The tendency for a soil toerode orpermit erosion .Esker - Awinding ridge ofirregularly stratified sand, gravel,

and cobbles deposited under the ice bya rapidly flowingglacial stream .

Fan - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page 2-2 ofthis report .

Fibric layer - A layer of organic material containing largeamounts of weakly decomposed fiber whose botanicalorigin is readily identifiable.

Field capacity - The percentage of water remaining in thesoil two or threedaysafterthesoil hasbeen saturated andfree drainage has practically ceased .

Fluvial deposit -Refertosection"2.3 Surface Deposits" onpage 2-1 of this report.

Genesis - The mode of origin of the soil, especially theprocesses or soil-forming factors responsible for thedevelopmentofthe solum,the true soil, from unconsoli-dated parent material .

Glacial till - See "till".Glaciofluvial - Refer to section "2.3 Surface Deposits" on

page 2-1 of this report .Glaciolacustrine - Refer to section "2.3 Surface Deposits"

on page 2-1 of this report.Gleyed soil - Soil affected by gleysation .Gleysation - A soil forming process, operating under poor

drainage conditions, which results in the reduction ofiron and other elements, and in gray colors and mottles.

Gravel - Rock fragments between 2 mm and 7.5 cm indiameter .

Grumic - A fine-textured (clay or heavy clay) soil whichcracks extensively when dry and forms angular blockystructures with grooved surfaces in subsoils due to theeffect of swelling and shrinking during periods of wet-ting and drying . Surface horizons are massive, oftenwith granular secondary structure under cultivation .

Gully - A channel caused by erosion from concentrated butintermittent flow of water during and immediately afterheavy rains or snowmelt . It is deep enough to interferewith and not be removed by tillage operations.

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Heavy soil - A soil having a high content of fine particles,particularly clay, ora soil having a high drawbarpull andtherefore requiring more power to cultivate .

Horizon - Referto section "2.1 The Soil Profile"on page 2-1 of this report .

Humic layer - A layer of organic material containing largeamounts of highly decomposed organic material ; onlysmall amounts of fiber are present that can be identifiedas to their botanical origin. Fibers can be easily de-stroyed by rubbing .

Hummocky -Referto section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page2-2 of this report.

Humus - (i) The fraction of the soil organic matter thatremains after most of the added plant and animal resi-dues have decomposed. It is usually dark-colored . (ii)Humus is also used in a broader sense to designate thehumus forms referred to as forest humus . (iii) All thedead organic material on and in the soil that undergoescontinuous breakdown, change, and synthesis .

Hydraulic conductivity - The rate at which saturated soilstransmit water.

Inclined - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page2-2 of this report.

Infiltration - The downward movement of water into thesoil .

Kettle - Depression left after themelting ofa detached massof glacial ice that was buried in glacial debris .

Knob - A pronounced, rounded hill commonly found inknob and kettle topography in morainic areas .

Knoll - A small, subdued, rounded hill commonly found inknoll and depression topography in areas of till plains .

Lacustrine deposit - Refer to section "2.3 Surface Depos-its" on page 2-1 of this report.

Landform - The various shapesof the land surface resultingfrom a variety of actions such as deposition (eskers,moraines) and erosion (gullies, valleys).

Leaching - The downward removal from the soil ofmateri-als in solution .

Level - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page 2-2 ofthis report.

Light soil - A soil having a high content of coarser particles,particularly sand, or a soil havingalow drawbarpull andtherefore easy to cultivate.

Loess - Material transported and deposited by wind andconsisting of predominantly silt-sized particles .

Mesiclayer - Alayer of organic material in an intermediatestage of decomposition; intermediate amounts of fiberare present that can be identified as to their botanicalorigin .

Microre6ef - Small scale, local differences in topography,including mounds, swales, or pits that are usually < 1 min diameter and with elevation differences ofup to 2 m.

Mineral soil - A soil consisting predominantly of mineralmatter. It contains less than 17% organic carbon exceptforan organic surfacelayerthatmay be up to40cm thickifformed ofmixed peat or 60 cm ifformedof fibric peat.

Moraine - Distinct accumulations of glacial material,mainly till, deposited directly by glaciers .

Mottles - Spots or blotches of different color or shades ofcolor interspersed with the dominant color.

Neutral soil - A soil having a pH of 7.0.Organic matter, soil - The organic fraction of the soil ; in-

cludes plant and animal residues at various stages ofdecomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, andsubstances synthesized by the soil population .

Parent material - The unconsolidated and more or lesschemically unweathered mineral ororganic matter fromwhich the solum ofa soil has developed .

Pedology - Those aspects of soil science involving the con-stitution, distribution, genesis, classification and map-ping of soils .

Permeability, soil - The case with which gases and liquidspenetrate orpassthrough abulk mass ofsoil oralayer ofsoil .

pH, soil - The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion ac-tivity ofa soil . The degree ofacidity (or alkalinity) of asoil as determined by an electrode or indicator at aspecified soil-water ratio, and expressed in terms of thepH scale .

Ridged - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page 2-2of this report.

Rolling - Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" on page 2-2of this report.

Runoff - Thatportion ofthetotalprecipitationon an areathatflows away through stream channels and that does notenter the soil .

Runway - The channel of a stream .Saline soil - A soil that contains enough soluble salts to

interfere with the growth of most crops. The amount ofsalts, as measured by the electrical conductivity of thesaturation extract, is greater than 4 mS/cm . Very sensi-tivecrops may be affected at electrical conductivities of2 mS/cm .

Sand - (i) A soil particle between 0.05 and 2.0 mm indiameter. (ii) A soil textural class . See also "texture,soil" .very coarse sand - A soil particle between 1.0 and 2.0mm in diameter.coarse sand - (i) A soil particle between 0.5 and 1 .0mmin diameter . (ii) A soil textural class . See also "texture,soils" .medium sand - A soilparticlebetween0.25and0.5 mmin diameter.fine sand - (i) Asoilparticlebetween 0.10 and 0.25 mmin diameter . (ii) A soil textural class . See also "texture ;soil" .very fine sand - A soil particle between 0.05 and 0.10mm in diameter.

Silt - (i) A soil particle between 0.002 and 0.05 mm indiameter. (ii) A soil textural class . See also "texture,soil" .

Soil - (i) The unconsolidated mineral material on the imme-diate surface ofthe earth that serves as anatural mediumfor the growth of land plants . (ii) The unconsolidatedmineral matter on the surface of. the earth that has beensubjected to and influenced by genetic and environ-

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mental factors of: parent material, climate (includingmoisture and temperature effects), macro- and microor-ganisms and topography, all acting over a period oftimeand producing a product (soil) that differs from thematerial from which it is derived in many physical,chemical, biological and morphological properties andcharacteristics .

Solum - The upper horizons of a soil in which the parentmaterial hasbeen modifiedand inwhichmostplantrootsare contained. It usually consists of the A and Bhorizons .

Stratification - The arrangement of sediments in layers orstrata markedby achangein color, texture, dimension ofparticles, and composition. Stratification usually meanslayers of sediments that separate readily along beddingplanes because ofdifferentsizes andkinds ofmaterial orsome interruption in deposition that permitted changesto take place before more material was deposited.

Structure, soil - The combination or arrangement of pri-mary soil particles into aggregates of secondary soilparticles, which are separated from each other by sur-faces of weakness. These secondary particles may be,but usually are not, arranged in the profile in such amanner as to give a distinct characteristic pattern. Thesecondary particles are characterized and classified onthe basis of size, shape, and degree of distinctness . Thegeneral shape types are structureless, plate-like, block-like and prism-like . The terms are:structureless - Having no observable aggregationor no definite orderly arrangement around naturallines of weakness .

single grain - Loose, incoherent mass ofindividual particles as in sands .massive - A coherent mass showing noevidence of any distinct arrangement ofsoil particles .

block-like - Soil particles are arranged around apoint and bounded by flat or rounded sides.

blocky (angular blocky) - Having block-like structures with flat, rectangular facesand sharp, angular corners .subangular blocky - Having block-likestructures with rounded or flattened facesand rounded corners.granular - Having block-like aggregatesthat appear as spheroids having curvedsurfaces which have slight or no accom-modation to the faces of the surroundingaggregates.

plate-like - Soil particles are arranged around ahorizontal plane and generally bounded by rela-tively flat, horizontal surfaces .

platy - Having thin, plate-like aggregateswith faces mostly horizontal .

prism-like - Soil particles are arranged around avertical axisand bounded by relatively flat, verticalsurfaces .

prismatic - Having prism-like structureswith vertical faces well-defined, andedges near the top sharp and somewhatangular.columnar - Having column-like struc-tures with vertical edges near the top ofcolumns not sharp (columns may be flat-topped, round-topped or irregular) .

Substrate modifier - A material of different origin thatunderlies material in which a soil is formed,ata depth of1 m or less .

Superglacial - A glaciolacustrine or glaciofluvial depositlaid down in small ponds or lakes on the melting icesurface, which subsequently becomes mixed with orunderlainby glacial till uponmelting . It is notas uniformas typical lacustrine or fluvial deposits .

Terrace - A nearly level, usually narrow, plain bordering ariver, lake, or sea . Rivers are sometimes bordered by anumber of terraces at different levels .

Texture, soil - The relative proportions of the various soilparticles (sand, silt or clay) in a soil as described by theclasses of soil texture . Refer to section "2.5 SurfaceTexture" on page 2-3 of this report . The limits of thevarious classes and subclasses are :sand - Soil material that contains 85% or moresand .

coarse sand - Soil material that contains25% or more very coarse and coarse sand,and less than 50% of any other one gradeof sand.fine sand - Soil material that contains50% or more fine sand or less than 25%very coarse, coarse,and medium sand andless than 50% very fine sand.gravelly sand - Soil material whichmeets the requirements of a sand but alsocontains 20 to 50% by volume of coarsefragments from 2mm to 75 mm in diame-ter .

loamy sand - Soil material thatusually contains 70to 85% sand but may contain as much as 90% sanddepending upon the amount of clay present .

gravelly loamy sand - Soil materialwhich meets the requirements of a loamysand but also contains 20 to 50% by vol-ume ofcoarse fragments from 2 mm to 75mm in diameter .

sandy loam - Soil material thatusually contains 52to 70% sand but may contain as much as 85% or aslittle as 43% sand depending upon the amount ofclay present .

fine sandy loam - Soil material that con-tains 30% or more fine sand and less than30% very fine sand or between 15 and30% very coarse, coarse, and mediumsand.gravelly sandy loam - Soil materialwhich meets the requirements of a sandy

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loam but also contains 20 to 50% by vol-ume ofcoarse fragments from 2 mm to 75mm in diameter.very fine sandy loam - Soil material thatcontains 30% or more very fine sand ormore than 40% fine and very fine sand, atleast half of which is very fine sand, andless than 15% very coarse, coarse, andmedium sand.

loam - Soil material thatcontains 7 to 27% clay, 28to 50% silt, and less than 52% sand .gravelly loam - Soil material that meets the re-quirementsofa loam but also contains 20to 50%byvolume ofcoarsefragments from 2mm to 75 mm indiameter .silt loam - Soil material that contains 50% or moresilt and 12 to 27% clay, or 50 to 80% silt and lessthan 12% clay.silt - Soil material that contains 80% or more siltand less than 12% clay.sandy clay loam - Soil material that contains 20 to35% clay, less than 28% silt,and45% or more sand.clay loam - Soil material that contains 27 to 40%clay and 20 to 45% sand .silty clay loam - Soil material that contains 27 to40% clay and less than 20% sand .silty clay - Soil material that contains 40% or moresilt and more than 40% clay .clay - Soil materialthatcontains 40% or more clay,less than 45% sand, and less than 40% silt.heavy clay - Soil material that contains more than60% clay .

Till - Unstratified glacial drift, deposited directly by the ice,consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, silt, gravel, andboulders .

eroded till - Glacial till that has been subjected towatererosion subsequent to deposition, often leaving a densestone lag or stony, gravelly lense on the surface.water-modified till - Glacial till that hashad significantamounts ofwater-sorted materials incorporated, usuallyduring deposition, that results in less stony than normalglacial till with more sandy, silty or clayey textures thanunstratified glacial till .

Tilth - The physical condition ofsoil as related to its ease oftillage, fitness as a seedbed, and impedance to seedlingemergence and root penetration .

Topography - The physical features of a district or region,taken collectively ; especially, the relief and contours ofthe land .

Undulating -Refer to section "2.4 Surface Forms" onpage2-2 of this report.

Veneer - Unconsolidated materials too thin to mask theminor irregularities of the underlying unit surface . Aveneer will range from 10 cm to 1 m inthickness andwillpossess no form typical of the material's genesis. Anexample ofthis is shallow lacustrine deposits overlyingglacial till.

Water, soil - Water occupying the pore spaces in the soil .Water table - Theupper surface ofgroundwater or that level

in theground wherethe water is at atmosphericpressure.Wilting point - Themoisture content ofasoil at whichplants

wilt and fail to recover their turgidity when placed in adark, humid atmosphere .

Zone, soil - An area in which the dominant soils reflect thezonal influence of climate and vegetation, and form anatural landpattern with othersoils that exhibitthe zonalinfluence only weakly or not at all. In Saskatchewansoils, there is a gradual increase in the organic mattercontent of the surface horizons as one moves from thesouthwest to the northeast, as reflected by their surfacecolor. This forms the basis of soil zonal separations inthe province, namely Brown, Dark Brown, Black, DarkGray, and Gray .

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8. FURTHER INFORMATION

For more information about the data contained in this report or for more information about theSaskatchewan Soil Survey, contact :

tm'~A"~1Cu

If more copies of this report are required, please indicate the name of the Rural Municipality and thenumber of copies required .

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KEY MAP

Thesoil mapfor the RuralMunicipality ofMankotaNo. 45 isprinted in twosheets, indicatedas North and South. Each sheet contains acomplete map legend, andcan be found in the facingpocket .

The key map below shows the location of north and south soil maps for Mankota ruralmunicipality .

Montana10 9 8 7 6

range

F-I North

South

ruralmunicipality no. 45sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/publications/surveys/sk/sk45/sk45_report.pdf · page...

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