Runningis a method ofterrestrial locomotionallowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot. Running is a type ofgaitcharacterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground.The100metres(spelt meters in US), or100-metre dash, is asprint racein track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigiouseventsin thesport of athletics. It has been contested at theSummer Olympicssince 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.

Jumpingorleapingis a form of locomotion or movement in which anorganismor non-living (e.g.,robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory. Jumping can be distinguished from running, galloping, and othergaitswhere the entire body is temporarily airborne by the relatively long duration of the aerial phase and high angle of initial launch.

Thejavelin throwis atrack and fieldevent where thejavelin, aspearabout 2.5m (8ft 2in) in length, is thrown. The javelin thrower gainsmomentumby running within a predetermined area. Javelin throwing is an event of both the men'sdecathlonand the women'sheptathlon.Rules and competitionsThe size, shape, minimum weight, and center of gravity of the javelin are all defined by IAAF rules. In international competition, men throw a javelin between 2.6 and 2.7 m (8 ft 6 in and 8 ft 10 in) in length and 800 g (28 oz) in weight, and women throw a javelin between 2.2 and 2.3 m (7 ft 3 in and 7 ft 7 in) in length and 600 g (21 oz) in weight. The javelin has a grip, about 150 mm (5.9 in) wide, made of cord and located at the javelin's center of gravity (0.9 to 1.06 m (2 ft 11 in to 3 ft 6 in) from the javelin tip for the men's javelin and 0.8 to 0.92 m (2 ft 7 in to 3 ft 0 in) from the javelin tip for the women's javelin).

Shot putThe shot put is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object the shotas far as possible. The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's competition began in 1948.Putting stylesTwo putting styles are in current general use by shot put competitors: the glide and the spin. With all putting styles, the goal is to release the shot with maximum forward velocity at an angle of approximately forty degrees.

Long jumpThe long jump (historically called the broad jump) is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point. This event has a history in the Ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympic event for men since the first Olympics in 1896 and for women since 1948. At the elite level, competitors run down a runway (usually coated with the samerubberized surfaceas running tracks,crumb rubberalsovulcanized rubberknown generally as anall-weather track) and jump as far as they can from a wooden board 20cm or 8inches wide that is built flush with the runway into a pit filled with finely ground gravel or sand. If the competitor starts the leap with any part of the foot past the foul line, the jump is declared a foul and no distance is recorded.